Islamic CivilizationAbbasid Empire (762-1258 AD)

Geography

Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Abbāsid Caliphate in the 9th century. May 2015, <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/465/Abbasid-Dynasty/images-videos/187259/abbasid-caliphate-in-the-9th-century> (May 2015)

Abbasid Dynasty is now present day Syria and Iraq.

The muslim merchants linked the eastern hemisphere through a web of trade and sea routes.

Social structure depended on which environment people lived in.

Julia WhytockAnastasia Krause

Historical OverviewThe birth of Islam Timeline570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca610 AD Muhammad receives divine visions, establishes Islam (“submission to God”)622 AD Flees Mecca with followers, settles in Medina

Beginning of Islamic calendar629 AD Muhammad leads pilgrimage to Mecca632 AD Muhammad dies, Abu Bakr succeeds as head of Islam

By Muhammad death, Mecca, and the nomadic tribes of Arabia, converted to Islam.651 AD Muhammad followers compile the Qur'an Islams holy book

Garfield, Newman. Echoes from the Past, World History to the 16th Century. (Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 2007), 230. History of the Ancient and Medieval World. Second Edition ed. (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2009),736,752.

Katerina & Kamran

Historical OverviewThe spread of Islam661 AD Umayyads move to the Muslim capital from Damascus to Baghdad.680 AD Battle of Karbala, tension arises between Shi’ite and Sunni Muslims.711 AD Arabs begin conquest of Spain.750 CE Abu al-Abbas defeats Umayyads at Battle of Great Zab River; start of Abbasid dynasty786 CE Harun al- Rashid becomes a caliph; reigns until 809 CE.813 CE Al-Mamun becomes caliph; encourages study of Greek philosophy.945 CE Shi’ite Buyids seize power in Baghdad.1055 CE Seljuk Turks oust Buyids. 1258 CE Hulagu Khan sacks Baghdad; end of Abbasid dynasty.

Garfield, Newman. Echoes from the Past, World History to the 16th Century. (Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 2007), 230. History of the Ancient and Medieval World. Second Edition ed. (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2009),736,752.

Katerina & Kamran

General Islamic Religion

1) Shahada: Testifying to God's Oneness2) Salat: Prayer3) Zakat: Giving charity4) Sawm: Fast5) Hajj: Pilgrimage

Five Pillars of Islam:

General Information Anastasia Krause

- Muhammad’s words are direct from God, not interpreted like Judaism and Christianity

- Therefore, Muhammad was a prophet- those who accepted his message from God were

Muslims (means “those who submit to god”)- God has sent messages to Abraham, Moses, and

Jesus, but since they corrupted or misunderstood the messages, he sent them again to Muhammad to be understood clearly

- Muslims are obligated to spread Islam, but peacefully

Major ThemesSocial Stratification- Society’s categorization based on occupation, wealth, social status and derived power.

Expression of Values through art- Sacred values revealed displayed in art

Religion Connects to everyone- Unity in following the Qur’an

Julia Whytock

Basic Pillars of EconomyThe basic pillars of the Abbasids economy are: agriculture, manufacturing, and commerce.

"Abasids Claiphate Textiles." Index.html.n.d. <http://sara.theellisschool.org/worldciv/museum2008/merediths/index.html.>(May 7 2015) "The David Collection." - The Abbasids. n.d.<http://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/abbasiderne/art/10-1963>(May 7 2015)

Katerina Diseris

Trade increases spread of culture

Danielle Trent, History Repeating, Unit 2: 600 to1450,n.d.<http://historyrepeating.org/ap-world-history/unit-2-600-to-1450-ce/>(May 7, 2015)

Trade routes used by merchants during the Abbasid caliphate.

Katerina Diseris

Islamic Art Style and ConventionsArabesque pattern, a common style form of Islamic art.

Organized System of Beliefs Anastasia Krause

Yves Remedias, Wikimedia, Arabesque pattern at the Alhambra, January 2007, <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atauriques.jpg> (May 8, 2015).

Abbasid Caliphate Power and ReligionOrganized System of Beliefs Anastasia Krause

Historical/Cultural Advisory Group, Baghdad - Abbasid Palace, 1991, <http://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/images/iraq05-008-02.jpg> (May 8, 2015).

Abbasid Palace in Baghdad

Women in Abbasid

Women wore a full veil in the Abbasid Dynasty

Jennifer Spirk, Demand Media, The Status of Women in Islam During the Abbasid Empire, May 2002, <http://people.opposingviews.com/status-women-islam-during-abbasid-empire-6097.html> (May 7th 2015).

Julia Whytock

Roles of Women

A harem of women tending to male needs

Gender

Nasser Rasheed, Medievallists, Slave Girls Under the Early Abbasids, September 2006. <http://www.medievalists.net/2012/09/06/slave-girls-under-the-early-abbasids/> (May 7th 2015).

Julia Whytock

Education for Women/ Girls

A teacher in the Abbasid period (al- Mutaha)

Julia Whytock

Mohanned Raham, Word Bulletin, May 2004. <http://www.worldbulletin.net/history/131754/an-abbasid-education >(May 2015).

Marriage and Divorce

A wealthy couple in the Abbasid dynasty

Julia Whytock

Christina J, n.p, May 2004. <http://sara.theellisschool.org/worldciv/museum2007/christinaj/index.html> (May 2015).

Technology/Infrastructure Kamran Soltanzadeh

Petersen, Andrew. "Samarra - the Abbasid Capital in Iraq « Islamic Arts and Architecture." Islamic Arts and Architecture. September 13, 2011. Accessed May 7, 2015. http://islamic-arts.org/2011/samarra/.

Technology/ Infrastructure Kamran Soltanzadeh

"Fragments of a 9th Century Quran « Islamic Arts and Architecture." Islamic Arts and Architecture. January 25, 2012. Accessed May 7, 2015. http://islamic-arts.org/2012/fragments-of-a-9th-century-abbasid-quran/. Fragments of an Abbasid Qurʼān, probably written in the third century A.H / ninth century C.E., containing verses from the suras: al-Dhārīyāt ,al-Najm, al-Qamar, and al-Raḥmān. This manuscript also contains fine examples of early geometrical ornamentation at the front and back.