Intro. to Moral Philosophy from Islamic Perspective

Presenter:Nurnasihah Azizan

1111350Nor Aishah Yacob

1115502

INTRODUCTION• He (pbuh) said: “The best of you are those

who have the most excellent morals.”• The moral values of Islam are instrumental

towards creating a healthy and a sustainable society.

AIMS & OBJECTIVES• To guide action and to solve contemporary

moral problem• To develop an ethical system which is relevant

to our contemporary situation• To construct a system of morality that is

directly deduced from al-Quran• to systematize the teaching of the Quran and

morality

IMPORTANCE

• To be the main objective of Islam- the Quran said: we sent you not but as a mercy for all creatures (21:107)

• Since the beginning of Islam, Prophet Muhammad was mainly concerned with teaching and disciplining Muslims to have the best manners and personal characteristics.

• Holy Prohet (pbuh): “The thing which will make the majority of the people enter Paradise is fear of Allah and good manners.”

DEFINITIONS Moral, ethics and

akhlaq

MORALFrom the Latin “moras”, the plural of the word

“mos” which means custom Moral meaning the teaching of good and evil

generally accepted regarding actions, attitudes, obligations, manners, morals -KBBI 2008

Morale is a term used to define the boundaries of a trait, temperament, will, opinions or actions, which are worth saying right, wrong, good or bad

Good and bad teachings on morality rooted in customs of social unity or environment

It concerned with the principles of:• Right and wrong behavior, • Able to understand the differences between right and wrong,• Teaching or illustrating right behavior, • Practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches.

ETHICSThe word ethics comes from the Greek

“ethos”, which mean custom; morals, character; feelings, attitudes, ways of thinking

Can also be defined as a philosophical study of morals i.e. good behavior, moral obligation, moral attitude ,moral responsibility, social justice and good living qualities (V. Grassian, 1981)

According to William Lillie, (1957: 1-2) ethics is a science of the conduct of human beings living in societies which, also judge this conduct to be right or wrong.

Ahmad Amin ,Ilmu Akhlak (Prof. KH. Farid Ma’ruf)(1975,pg5) defines ethics as the science that explains the meaning of good and bad to explain what should be done by some other human, stating goals that must be addressed by humans in their actions and point the way to do what must be done

AKHLAQ Akhlaq is the plural of the word khuluq, mean

behavior, temperament, tabi’at (Louis Ma’ruf, Al-Munjid, (Beirut: Daar al-Masyriq, 1975), page. 194

Akhlaq is the power of the soul that drives action easily and spontaneously without thought.

Thus, akhlaq is basically the attitude inherent in a person spontaneously manifested in behavior or actions

Good and bad morals based on the source of value, namely the Qur’an and Sunnah.

According to Imam Ghazali, noble character has four cases are discreet, keeping away from bad behavior, courage (vanquish lust) and fair.

“Surely I was sent to perfect good character pious”. (HR: Bukhari)

Differences between Moral, Ethics &

AkhlaqSource Content Character

Moral Culture & tradition

Learned sayings good & evil

Relative-practice

Ethics Reason Science of good & evil

Relative-theory

Akhlaq AL-Quran & As-Sunnah

all of good and evil that appreciable with moral value & religion in the society

Absolute (mutlak)