Isomersstructural isomersconstitutional isomersstereo isomersracemic mixtureentantiomersgeometric isomerspositional isomerschiral moleculeschiral centersoptical isomerscismertransfachydration isomersionization isomerscoordination isomerslinkage isomers

hydrocarbonsunsaturated hydrocarbonssaturated hydrocarbonsalkanesalkenesalkynesaromatic compoundsalkylsphenylsphenolsalcoholsestersetherscarbonyl groupsaldehydesketonescarboxylic acidsacyl chloridesorganic halidesaminesamidesresonanceArrhenius acids/basesBrönsted/Lowery acids/basesLewis acids/bases

sugars fatspolymers solutionsolvent soluteconcentration molarityppm ppbwt% vol%molecular equationsionic equationsnet ionic equationsspectator ionmetathesis reactioncombination reactiondecomposition reactiondisplacement reactionredox reactionaddition polymerizationcondensation polymerizationligand donor atomunidentatepolydentatechelatecoordination numbercoordination sphere

titrationtitrantprimary standardsecondary standardend pointequivalence pointpHoxidation numbers

Carbon Atom Hybridization C uses C forms Example

sp3 tetrahedral 4 sp3 hybrids 4 bonds CH4

sp2 trigonal planar 3 sp2 hybrids & 1p orbital 3 bonds 1 bond C2H4

sp linear 2 sp hybrids & 2 p orbitals 2 bonds 2 bonds C2H2

Ion/Molecule Name Name as a Ligand

NH3 ammonia ammine

CO carbon monoxide carbonyl

Cl- chloride Chloro

CN- cyanide cyano

F- fluoride fluoro

OH- hydroxide hydroxo

NO nitrogen monoxide nitrosyl

NO2- nitrite nitro

PH3 phosphine phosphine

organic nomenclature and structureinorganic nomenclature and structure

mass of molecule

Molar Massgiven or calculated from

periodic table

Mass of element,

or reactantor product

Number of atoms,

or molecules of reactantor product

Avogadro's Number

Number of molecules

Molar Ratio

moles of element, or

other reactant or product

moles ofmolecule

Avogadro's Number

Calculate from molecular

formula or balanced equation

Molar Massgiven or calculated from

periodic table

Given or determined

from balanced stoichiometricequation

Vol solution

density

Concentration solution

molarity, ppm, molality, normality,

etc.

These concepts lead to solvingproblems determining limiting reactantand percent yield.