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Isopropyl Alcohol, C3H7OH
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Scientific Notation
A shorthand way to write numbers that are very, very, very small or very, very, very large
A number times a multiplier of 10
Example:67300000000000000000000000000000000Scientific Notation:6.73 x 1034
Scientific Notation Continued
Example 2:0.00000000000000000000000934
Scientific Notation9.34 x 10-24
Now you try…
1) 0.00000008738.73 x 10-8
2) 6450000000000006.45 x 1014
3) 0.00000000000000000000787.8 x10-21
Combining the Scientific Method and Sig Figs
Round the following number to 3 sig figs and put in scientific notation:
1)0.00003454 Ans: 3.45 x 10-5
2) 345600Ans: 3.46 x 105
3) 121500.0Ans: 1.22 x 105
Three States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
State Description Shape Volume Sketch
Solids
- Particles vibrate in place
- have a definite shape
- have a definite volume
StateState DescriptioDescriptionn
ShapeShape VolumeVolume SketchSketch
LiquiLiquidsds
particles particles are loosely are loosely arranged arranged and slide and slide past each past each
otherother
NO NO definite definite shapeshape
have a have a definite definite volumevolume
StateState DescriptionDescription ShapeShape VolumeVolume SketchSketch
GasGaseses
particles particles move move
independentlindependently of each y of each
otherother
NO definite NO definite shapeshape
NO definite NO definite
volumevolume
Kinetic Theory of Matter
All particles are in constant motion: The faster the particles move, as more heat is added
to the substance. The slower the particles move the less heat the
substance will have.
Add Heat
The opposite is true too: When heat is removed particles get slower and move
closer together
Remove Heat
A fourth state of Matter?
Plasma:When matter is heated to very high
temperaturesDisassociated matter lots of electrons
floating around and “naked nuclei”Strongly influenced by electrical and
magnetic fieldsExamples: aurora borealis, lightning, Corona
around the sun
A fifth state of matter?
Bose-Einstein CondensateDiscovered in 1995At Temperatures of 19 KIndividual atoms all are at the same energy
levelUndistinguishable from each other super
atom
What does this mean for technology?
highly miniaturized microchipsmore accurate guidance systems for aircraft
and spacecraft a possible atom laser more accurate
atomic clocks.
How cold is 19 K?
SI Temperature
Dump ˚F Get used to using ˚Celsius and KelvinAt 0 ˚C, water freezesAt 100 ˚C, water boilsK = ˚C + 273 0 K = Absolute Zero˚C = 0.56(˚F-32); or ˚F = 1.8(˚C ) + 32
The 3 Temperature Scales
How cold is 19 K?
19 K = C + 27319 K – 273 = C-254 C
Brrrrrrr!!!!!!!