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CHAPTER 2 : THE STURUCTURE CHAPTER 2 : THE STURUCTURE OF THE ATOMOF THE ATOM
2.3 Isotopes & Their Importance2.3 Isotopes & Their Importance
2.4 The Electronic Structure of an 2.4 The Electronic Structure of an AtomAtom
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1.1. State the State the meaning of isotopesmeaning of isotopes..
2.2. List List 3 examples of elements3 examples of elements with with isotopes.isotopes.
3.3. Determine the Determine the number of subatomic number of subatomic particlesparticles of isotopes. of isotopes.
4.4. Justify the Justify the uses of isotopesuses of isotopes in daily in daily life.life.
2.3 Isotopes & Their Importance
ISOTOPES
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
How about the Nucleon No. & Proton No.???
ISOTOPES
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
Isotopes of Hydrogen:
Isotopes have the SAME PROTON NO. but DIFFERENT NUCLEON NO.
Some examples of isotopes of elements:
Give another example of isotopes of an element
Uses of Isotopes
Cobalt-60
Used in radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer Sodium-24
Used to detect leaks in pipes carrying gas
Carbon-14
Used in carbon dating to estimate the age of fossils &
artifacts
Oxigen-18
Is a biological tracer used in the studies of
photosynthesis in plant
Phosphorus-32
Used in fertilizers to study the metabolism of
phosphorus in plant
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
Describe the usage of isotopes in various fields:
1. Medicine
2. Industry
3. Agriculture
4. Archeology
Please state your references…
1.1. Describe the Describe the electron arrangementselectron arrangements of of atoms of elements with the proton atoms of elements with the proton numbers of 1 to 20.numbers of 1 to 20.
2.2. Draw electron arrangementDraw electron arrangement of an atom of an atom in an element.in an element.
3.3. State the State the meaning of valence electronsmeaning of valence electrons..
4.4. Determine the Determine the number of valence number of valence electronselectrons from the electron from the electron arrangement of an atom.arrangement of an atom.
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
2.4 The Electronic Structure of an Atom
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus in the shells of an atom
1st shell : max. 2e
2nd shell : max. 8e
3rd shell : max. 8e
Electrons
Nucleus
Valence electrons : e in outermost shell
Electronic Configuration of some Elements
What have you learnt today?
• Meaning of ISOTOPES• Meaning of ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION• Maximum number of electrons in the
1st shell, 2nd shell and 3rd shell• Meaning of VALENCE ELECTRONS