ISPA Forum 2005 Final

7/23/2019 ISPA Forum 2005 Final

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Fire Safety and Professional Development at

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Indonesia

Ir. Yulianto S. Nugroho, MSc., PhD

Presented at ISPA Forum 2005


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Outline of Talk

Introduction

General Trends in Fire Safety Engineering

Fire Safety Research at Dept. of Mechanical Eng. UI

Post-graduate program (Magister Teknik) in

Fire Protection Engineering and Management at UI

Concluding remarks


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Introduction

Fire:


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Controlled Combustion

1g

gNASA


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Uncontrolled combustion / fire


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Fire Losses

Fire in buildings and industrial

facilities cause human suffering

and materials losses.

The direct economic loss from

building fires in industrial and

residential buildings for many

industrialized nations reach

about 0.2% of the GDP.

For Indonesia, the loss figure iswithin a comparable range or

higher, since we must also count

the destructions resulted from

forest fires.


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What most people know about

Fire professional ?

Fire Fighter :

Firefighter (both career and volunteer) is thebasis of the efforts to control the spread of

fire and to mitigate against the loss of life

and property from fire and similaremergencies


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Fire protection engineers :

Their work complements that of the firefighter and their

main focus is both the prevention of fires before theystart and limiting the consequences if they have

already begun.

They design building features, analyze activities in

those buildings and research materials and products to

prevent fire hazards and limit its destructive effects.

They use the basic tools of engineering and science to

help protect people, property, information, and

organizational operations from the effects of fire andexplosion. [SFPE, 2004]

Another professional


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Despite the great loss from fire accidents in

Indonesia, effort to build the capacity of personnel in

fire safety / fire protection engineering is limited, and

mainly focused in the area of fire fighting techniques.

The subject of fire safety is introduced briefly in one

or two modules at university level - engineeringeducation.

In School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, firesafety is introduced in Building Physics module.

Meanwhile, in School of Chemical and Mechanical

Engineering, fire safety is discussed in Combustion

module.

Situation in Indonesia


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[Magnusson, S.E., et al., 1995]

The field of fire protection engineering is considered still in the

stage of relative immaturity compared to other branches ofengineering (Civil, Mechanical, Chemical engineering etc.).

Body of knowledge


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General Trends in

Fire Safety Engineering

The trends and progress in the field of fire protection

engineering have been motivated by :

a. The accrual and dissemination of fire research,

through peer-referred international journal and

scientific proceedings, such as:

Fire Safety Journal

Fire and Material

Journal of Fire Protection Engineering Journal of Fire Science

Combustion and Flame

Proceeding of Combustion Institute

Fuel

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries Fire Technology

Journal of Applied Fire Science


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Example of Intl Journal on Fire Safety


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Example: the cooking fireManzello, et al., (2003)

By applying methoxy-nonafuorobutane to hot peanut oil , a vapor explosion can

be avoided


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b. The publication of reference books on fire safety,

such as:

Society of Fire Protection Engineering Handbook (2004)

NFPA Handbook (2003)

Drsydale, D., An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2nd

Ed. (2003) Rasbach DJ, et al., Evaluation of Fire Safety (2004)

Zalosh, RG., Industrial Fire Protection Engineering (2003)

Buchanan, A., Fire Engineering Design Guide (2001)

Brabauskas, V., Ignition Handbook (2004), etc.

c. Adoption of Performance based fire engineering

design as a rational means of providing efficient

and effective fire safety in buildings.Better understanding and new development on fire phenomenon, fire

dynamics, fire growth and spread, fire modeling, protection method (both

passive and active), fire risk analysis, fire safety management, human

behavior in fire etc., has provided an improved basis for evaluating thehazards due to fire, and has potentially given the engineer new tools to

perform the job.


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Have only emerged in the last 32 years.

A Master's Degree program in fire protection

engineering was begun at the University of Edinburghin 1973.

In 1979, Worcester Polytechnic Institute began a

similar program followed by M.S. programs at theUniversity of Maryland (1990) and the Victoria

University in Australia (1992). Other efforts are also

underway in various universities include the University

of Leeds (BEng/MEng Fire Engineering), the Universityof Ulster, University of British Columbia, the University

of Canterbury (New Zealand), Lund University

(Sweden), and Hong Kong Poytechnic, and several

universities in Japan.

Fire safety engineering education

at university level


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Fire related research activity at DTM-UI was started in early1990s when the Department received laboratory

equipments for its new campus in Depok. The new

equipments include bomb calorimeter for measuring

calorific value of combustible materials, thermal conductivity

apparatus, radiation heat transfer apparatus, calorimeter

and Bunsen burner equipment for studying (pre-mixed and

non-premixed) flame characteristics and effects of differentfuel characteristics.

By mid-90s to recently, research activities in the area ofcombustion engineering and fire safety at DTM-UI got new

impetus by returning staffs holding PhD degree from

abroad.

Fire research at DTM-UI


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Fire research at DTM-UI

Flame

PI: Prof. Dr I Made Kartika D., Dipl. Ing.


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PI: Dr. Y.S. Nugroho

Spontaneous combustion liability of coal using

Crossing-Point Method

in-line

position

Toven

Sample basket supporter

Thermocouples

for T1, 2

Fresh air

Temperature-controlled oven

Fume-cupboard / extractor

PCLD-789Damplifier & multi-

plexer board

PCL-812 A/D converter card

installed in the PC

supporter

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

0

50

100

150

200

250

Super-critical condition,

leading to spontaneous ignition

Sub-critical conditions

134.5oC

131.5oC

128.5oC

125oC

117oC

Centraltemperatu

re,

T1

(oC)

Time (minute)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80

1

2

3

4

q/q c

dT/d t at Tcp(Kmin-1)

6

8

Sub Bit coal -2

Sub Bit coal -3

Sub Bit coal -1

Coal - X

Coal - Y

Very high risk

High risk

Medium risk

Low risk

Coal - Z


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0 100 200 300 4000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Tested at Toven

= 127oC (400K)

SB-1 : criticalSB-2 : critical

B-1 : sub-critical

B-2 : sub-critical

Centraltemperature(oC)

Time (minutes)


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Prediction of self-heating and spontaneous

combustion using Adiabatic Method

0 2 4 6 8 10 120

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

ATP coalLeading to combustion

Toven(o

C)T

sample(

oC)

Temperature(oC)

Time (hours)



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Development of Fire Calorimeter

Data transien akan direkam secarasimultan ke dalam PC melalui sistem

akuisisi data.

Orifice plate atauhot wire

Ke Gas analyserO2, CO, CO2

Termokopel

Probe asap

Fan

Pemanas

Dudukan sampel

Pelindung radiasi

Timbangan electronik



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Effect of radiation heat flux on paper

9 s 12 s

19 s 22 s


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Ignitability of wood under heat radiation

Mass loss pattern for Guazuma Ulmifo lia wood



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Post-graduate program (Magister Teknik) in

Fire Protection Engineering and Management

(FPEM) at UI

The Magister Teknik (MT) in FPEM was launched

as a respond to increasing need of fire safety

professional in the industrial and building sectors,

risk management and insurance sectors, design

and construction consultants, researchers,

regulator and decision maker at central and

regional government.


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The graduate of the MT-FPEM program is expected

to have a set of skills in(i) identification of fire hazard,

(ii) identification of fire protection strategies,

(iii) identification of cost-effective solutions, and

(iv) using related information to design and conduct

laboratory scale fire research and or fieldstudies, to analyze the outcomes and to

withdraw crucial conclusions and

recommendation.

The graduate is expected to be able to give some

contribution to fire safety scientific society by

publishing their research works.


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Structure of the MT-FPEM Curriculum

Semester Modules Credits

I Research design and methodology 2

Engineering mathematics 3

Computation 3

Safety engineering and management 3

II Risk Management 3

Fire Dynamics 3

Fire protection system 3

Engineering measurement and laboratory experiment 2

III Evaluation of fire safety 4

Economics of fire protection 4

Fire modeling 4

IV Seminar 3

Thesis 7


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The development process of the MT-FPEM

curriculum and its syllabus was supported by

valuable documents related to curriculum of Master

program in Fire safety at some leading universities

abroad. The other crucial consideration in setting

the syllabi for each module is the availability of thetextbook and supporting scientific publication.


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One of the main textbook of this program is An Introduction of FireDynamics written by Prof. Dougal Drysdale of University ofEdinburgh.

In a rare opportunity, I had a chance to meet Prof. Drysdale at his firelaboratory in Edinburgh. Although the meeting was quick, it has agreat impact in the spirit of MT- FPEM at UI.


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Concluding Remarks

The MT-FPEM at University of Indonesia was finallybegun last year (in August 2004). The current

students are mostly have Bachelor degree in

engineering and public health.

A graduate program such as MT-FPEM should

benefit the development of national capacity and

professionals in the area of fire safety / fire

protection engineering and management.


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Thank you

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