Israel and Israel and PalestinePalestine

The Jewish diaspora was the historical exile and dispersion of Jews from the region of the Kingdom

The Palestinian population of around ten or eleven million people is divided between historic Palestine and a diaspora, mainly in neighboring Arab countries.

What happened after Israeli What happened after Israeli Independence?Independence? • 19481948: Israeli Independence… Arab

countries invade (war 1)– See sheet for Arab-Israeli Wars!– WHAT HAPPENS TO PALESTINIANS NOW

WITH NO HOME?

• 1964: PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) established (Now considered a terrorist group!)

– Leader Yasser Arafat– In response to Israeli invasion of Lebanon

(refugee camps)

• 1967: 6 Day War6 Day War (war 3)– Israeli occupation of territories– See sheet for Arab-Israeli Wars!

• 1978: Camp David Accords. Egypt (Sadat), Israel (Begin), USA (Carter)

– Israel agrees to full autonomy for Palestine. Doesn't happen. Egypt isolated.

– 1979: Israel withdraws from Sinai Peninsula.

• 1981: Sadat assassinated. Israel makes more settlements in ‘Palestinian territory’ (see settlement map)

• 1987: 1st INTIFADA (Shaking off/ uprising) – Israeli retaliation – Hamas formed

• 1993: Oslo Accords– Israel and Palestine peace agreements. – 5 year plan for full autonomy

• 1994: Palestinian Authority (PA) established• Yasser Arafat elected as President. Parliament begins

– Government without a country!– PLO no longer a terrorist organization

• 2000: Peace breaks, promises unrealized, – 2nd INTIFADA

• 2001: Result? PM of Israel (Ariel Sharon) completely rejects Oslo!– 1993 negotiations fail– Arafat dies

• 2005: Mahmoud Abbas (Fatah Party/ former PLO) elected to PA. – Abbas= Moderate: Israel ‘evacuates’ the Gaza Strip

• 2006 (Jan): Hamas elected into Parliament of PA (majority)– Wait, terrorist group! – US & EU BOYCOTT!!!

• New Israeli PM, Ehud Olmert, decided to construct a ‘safety wall’ between West Bank and Israel…– What about the settlements?

The Separation The Separation WallWall

WB land outside (west) of Wall: 9.5

Jordan Valley settlement control: 28.5

Settlement blocs east of Wall: 8.0

Area remaining for Palestinians: 54.0

Palestinians isolated west of Wall:Palestinians separated from their

land:

Land (%)

People

.

242,000 (10%)

284,000 (12%)

@ a Glance…@ a Glance…Jerusalem None (PA hopes for East Jerusalem)Capital

Gov’t

Democracy

Leaders

President (figurehead): Shimon Peres(2007), was a leading member of the Labour party, now centrist Kadima party

PM: Binyamin Netanyahu (2009), right-wing Likud party

Pres: Mahmoud Abbas (Fatah faction) Moderate, in favor of negotiations with Israel NOT armed violence Is Yasir Arafat’s successor and co-founder of Fatah in the late 1950’s (political faction of PLO)

Hamas leader: Ismail Haniyeh Hamas won in Parliamentary polls in 2006!

Legisla-tive Branch

Knesset elects the President to lead the legislative branch

PA (PNA): The two PA areas have since been run by the separate factions

the West Bank by Fatahand Gaza by Hamas

Egyptian-mediated efforts to bring the two factions together continue, but with little success so far.

None: In November 2012, the UN General Assembly voted to upgrade the status of the Palestinians to that of a "non-member observer state" - a move that allows them to take part in General Assembly debates and improves their chances of joining UN agencies.

Palestine at the Palestine at the UNUN

What happened?• In November 2012, the

UN General Assembly voted to upgrade the status of the Palestinians to that of a "non-member observer state" - a move that allows them to take part in General Assembly debates and improves their chances of joining UN agencies.

• Bid explained:– http://www.cnn.com/

2012/11/28/world/meast/un-palestinian-bid/index.html