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Israel's compliance with OECD decisions
• Background, facts and figures – NHW (MSW, ISW) • Background, facts and figures - HW• Compliance with OECD Recommendations and
Decisions• Questions and discussion
WGWPR 13th meeting (4.12.2009)
Paris
Integrated Waste Management in Israel
Policy
Hierarchy• Source Reduction• Recovery & Recycling• Landfill
Goals• Minimum land use• Prevent damage• Rehabilitate past damage• International
innovations/directions
Implementation
• Legislation, laws and regulations
• Government decisions• Allocation of responsibility• Enforcement• Voluntary agreements
with stakeholders• Voluntary involvement and
cooperation of general public & NGOs
Non Hz Solid Waste - Facts & Figures-2008
Waste Type Tons/ Day
Tons/ Annum
Municipal 12,169 4,441,843
Commercial & Industrial 3,014 1,100,000
Recycling 4,070 1,485,734
(a) Total MSW 19,253 7,027,577
Others Sewage Sludge
1,370
500,000
Contaminated Soils 1,370 500,000
Agriculture 822 300,000
(b) Total Others 3,562 1,300,000
Total a + b 22,815 8,327,577
C & D 11,000 ~4,000,000
21%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Nu
mb
er
of
Sit
es
Large Dumps in Israel 1993-2003
MSW recycling rate in Israel (%)
22.520.6
17.85
12.67
21.122.923.123.4
18.9318.54
14.02
0
5
10
15
20
25
20082007200620052004200320022001200019991998
Hazardous Substances Waste Management
• Hazardous waste is managed within the Hazardous Substances Division
• Possession of hazardous material requires Hazardous Material Permit
• Permit specifies conditions for handling hazardous waste
• Audits/inspections of facilities include their hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management in Israel
Policy
Hierarchy• Source Reduction• Recovery & Recycling• Reuse as energy source• Landfill
Producer Responsibility
Rehabilitation of the national treatment site at Ramat- Hovav
Implementation• Legislation, laws and
regulations• Enforcement• Initiatives to support
projects for waste minimization
• Improving technologies for waste treatment
Hazardous Waste Recovery -2007
Solvent reclamation
33%
Waste to energy13%
Metal recycling23%
Miscelaneous2%
Used oil recycling17%
Reuse of acids12%
Miscellaneous
Hazardous Substances Regulations (Import and Export of Hazardous Wastes), 1994
• These regulations provide the legal basis for implementing the Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and for compliance with OECD decisions and recommendations on transboundary movements of waste.
• The import or export must be from or to a party to the Basel Convention
Hazardous Substances Regulations (Import and Export of Hazardous Wastes), 1994
• Import or export of hazardous waste requires a permit from the Ministry of Environmental Protection
• Consent is required • Import is permitted for R operations only• ESM is required• Insurance and bank guarantee are required • Data collection and distribution is required
Comprehensive Waste Management Policy – C(76)155
• Statutory National Solid Waste Management Master Plan approved by the planning and building board (2006).
• Recycling required by legislation.• Collection, treatment and disposal are legal responsibility
of local authorities.• EIA required for proposed treatment and disposal sites.• Operational Conditions in business license on all sites.• Landfill levy imposed.• Tire recycling required by legislation.• Public involvement in policy and approval of waste
management facilities.
Accepts
Environmentally Sound Management of Waste C(2004)100 C(2007)97
• Existing national and local infrastructure and institutional capacity, national and local government.
• Existing enforcement and compliance inspectorate and legal penalties (under the Business Permit & Hazardous Substances Permit).
• Polluter Pays Principle. • Sustainable Solid Waste Management Master Plan.• Cleanliness fund, financed by landfill levy and fines, which
provides budgets for source reduction, recycling and recovery projects.LF Levy: External costs; Fund – promote recovery
• Information exchange – Israeli Waste Forum, Industry Association
• ISO 14001 – 7 firms and organizations - Israeli Standard Institute.
Accepts with time frame
(2012)
Waste Paper Recovery – [C(79)218]
• Collection and Disposal of Waste for Recycling Law, 1993.
• Collection and Disposal of Waste for Recycling Regulation 1998.
• Government Decisions relate to waste paper recovery. • Landfill Levy Fund.• 300,000 thousand tons are collected annually (30% of
the consumption). 260,000 ton/year recycled in Israel - 75% of the local paper production capacity. Future goal - 520,000 ton/year.
• Certain types of waste paper are separately collected and exported ~40,000 ton/year.
Accepts
Re-use and recycling of beverage containers – [C(78)8]
• The Deposit Law on Beverage Containers, 1999.• Deposits on Beverage Containers Regulations, 2001.• The Cleanliness Law, 1984.• Results 2008:
– Beverage containers under the Deposit Law: 68%– Voluntary re-use: 93% (500 ml glass beer bottles – out of 60
million/year).– Voluntary collection of beverage containers (>1.5 l): 18%
Accepts
• Export of some components of MSW – only after sorting and processing – Free Import/Export Order:– Paper and cardboard 40,000 ton/year (~15%).– PET - ~1,000 ton/year (~12%).
• MSW facilities have an overall ban on hazardous waste treatment under the Business license.
Reduction of Transfrontier Movements of Waste C(90)178/Final
Accepts with time frame
(2011)
Reduction of Transfrontier Movements of Waste C(90)178/Final
• Israel strives for self sufficiency.• Israel takes action to reduce the transfrontier
movements of hazardous wastes to the minimum justified by environmentally sound and efficient management.
• Data is collected and distributed
Recovery35%
Disposal64%
Export1%
Accepts
Transboundary Movements of Wastes Destined for Recovery Operations
C(2001)107/Final
• Transboundary movements of waste are destined to recovery in facilities applying ESM
• Two tiered control systems:Green control – under Free Import/Export Order,
Business Licences.Amber control – under Hazardous Substances
Regulations (Import and Export of Hazardous Waste), 1994 and Free Import/Export Order.
• Notification and Movement Documents are being used.
Acceptswith timeframe
(2011)
Transfrontier Movements of Hazardous WastesC(88)90, C(94) 152
• Legal definition of hazardous wastes in Israel for the purpose of Transfrontier movement is broader than in OECD
• The implementation of the regulation is practically done using Basel and EU criteria for hazardous waste (or OECD)
• Amendment of the definition of hazardous waste is required
Accepts with time frame
(2011)
Transfrontier Movements of Hazardous WastesC(83)180
• Israel controls the transfrontier movements of haz. wastes as a party to the Basel Convention
• Illegal traffic is monitored through the Free Import Order and customs
• Israel agrees and complies with the general principles set out in the decision recommendation
Accepts
Environmentally Sound Management of Waste C(2004)100 [C(2007)97]
• Regulatory and enforcement infrastructure through national and local government
• Existing enforcement and compliance inspectorate and legal penalties (under Hazardous Substances Permit and Business Permit).
• Hazardous Waste management facilities work under strict conditions and inspections, BAT is being implemented, improving environmental performance
• Adequate monitoring, recording and reporting programmes are in place
• Training of personnel, emergency plans, closure plans etc. are part of the liscences and permits
• Environmental Manangement System – voluntary through iso 14001
Accepts with timeframe
2012
THANK [email protected]
old.sviva.gov.il
old.sviva.gov.il
Future Challenges - MSW Innovative Technologies Source Reduction Recovery (Recycling; composting;
WTE) Consumption patterns SMM C & D
Anaerobic Digestion
100 ->150-200 ton/day
1.1 MW
The totality of steps
aimed at reducing the
quantity of waste which
is generated The totality of steps –
including reuse,
recycling and thermal
treatment
Sustainable Integrated WM Policy
A long-term approach for
optimal landfill
treatment Involvement of the Israeli Solid Waste Forum: Operators, Consultants, NGOs, Universities, local authorities and the government
Landfill Levy (IS; € /ton)
Type of wasteType of LF20072008200920102011-
Mixed or Dry Waste (MSW)
Mixed (MSW)10 2.4
20 4.8
30 7.2
40 9.6
50 12
Dry WasteDry (C&D)0.8 0.2
1.6 0.4
2.4 0.6
3.2 0.8
4 1
Residuals after Sorting (<5% OM)
0.8 0.2
1.6 0.4
2.4 0.6
3.2 0.8
4 1
SludgeMixed (MSW)24 6
48 12
72 18
96 24
120 30
Stabilized Industrial Sludge
8 2
16 4
24 6
32 8
40 10
Construction and Demolition
0.8 0.2
1.6 0.4
2.4 0.6
3.2 0.8
4 1
Requires a landfill operator to pay the levy. A dedicated account - only for purpose of setting up recycling and recovery infrastructure.
• 2007-2008 income: ~ € 20 million (100 million IS )• Financial support (guarantee): ~ € 8 million (37
million IS ) to local authorities.
=> Reduction of recovery costs.
=> Promotion of Recycling, Composting, WTE, AD, SMM
Landfill Levy in Israel
Hazardous Substances Regulations (Import and Export of H.W.) - Definition
of Hazardous Wastes• Hazardous Wastes: a substance of any
kind or form that contains a hazardous substance as defined by the law, intended for disposal or for recovery.
• In Practice: European criteria for hazardous wastes is applied.
• In the future: modification of the legal definition is planned
Hazardous Substances Regulations (Import and Export of H.W.) – Recovery
Operations• Recovery Operations are specified in
Annex I to the regulations:• There are 10 Recovery Operations
identical to R1-R10 listed in Annex IV.B. to the Basel Convention or to Appendix 5.B. in OECD c(2001)107 Decision
• R11-R13 are not considered recycling operations in Israel
R11-R13
• R11 – Uses of residual materials obtained from any of the operations numbered R1-R10
• R12 – Exchange of wastes for submission to any of the operations numbered R1-R10
• R13 – Accumulation of material intended for any operation in section B