An Introduction to NSAn Introduction to NS22An Introduction to NSAn Introduction to NS22An Introduction to NSAn Introduction to NS22An Introduction to NSAn Introduction to NS22

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 1

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Outline• Overview• InstallationInstallation• An Example• Incorporate C++ Modules into NS2

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 2

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Overview: Network SimulationOverview: Network Simulation

3 i l i M i• 3 Simulation Main Steps1. Design

• Things to simulate• Assumptions

P f• Performance measure2. Simulation

• Network Configuration Phase• Simulation Phase

3 R l C il i3. Result Compilation• Debugging and Tracing

C t fTextbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.

• Compute performance meaures3

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Overview: NS2 ArchitectureOverview: NS2 Architecture

NS2 N t k Si l t 2• NS2 = Network Simulator 2• Consists of f

– C++: Internal mechanismOTcl: User interface– OTcl: User interface

– TclCL: Connecting C++ to OTcl

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 4

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Overview: NS2 InvocationOverview: NS2 InvocationS• Syntax

>> ns [<filename>] [<args>]No argument: Enter NS2 environment– No argument: Enter NS2 environment

– <filename> = Tcl simulation script; Use OTcl programming lauguage

h l f l h l bl– In the Tcl file, <args> is stores in the internal variable ( $argv ).

• Example>> ns myfirst_ns.tcl 1 2 3y

– To retrieve the second input argument (2), execute( lindex $argv 1 )

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 5

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Outline• Overview• InstallationInstallation• An Example• Incorporate C++ Modules into NS2

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 6

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Installation: NS2Installation: NS21 G t NS2 b1. Go to NS2 web page:

– NS2 Webpage: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/– Download Link: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-

b ld h l# ll 1p

build.html#allinone1.2. Get all-in-one package

– NS2, Tcl/Tk, OTcl, TclCLNS2, Tcl/Tk, OTcl, TclCL– NAM, Zlib, Xgraph

3. Unzip all the files4 Us th i st ll ti k “ /i st ll”4. Use the installation package “./install”• Follow the instruction• NS2 is designed for UnixNS2 is designed for Unix• For windows, also install Cygwin

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 7

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Installation: CygwinInstallation: CygwinC i Li m l ti f i d s• Cygwin = Linux emulation for windows

1. Go to Cygwin Webpage: http://www.cygwin.com/2. Get the package3. Install the basic package3. Install the basic package4. Install the following additional packages:

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 8

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Outline• Overview• InstallationInstallation• An Example• Incorporate C++ Modules into NS2

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 9

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 10

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Tcl Simulation Script• Filename “myfirst ns.tcl”

Tcl Simulation ScriptFilename myfirst_ns.tcl

• Create a simulator

• Create trace objects

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 11

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• Define a “finish” proceduer

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 12

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• Create nodes

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 13

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 14

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• Connect node with “duplex” links

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 15

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 16

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• Create a flow from n0 to n3– Create a UDP flowCreate a UDP flow

– Attach a CBR source to the UDP flow

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 17

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• Create a flow from n1 to n4– Create a TCP flowCreate a TCP flow

– Attach a FTP source to the TCP flowAttach a FTP source to the TCP flow

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 18

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• Schedule Events

• Start simulation

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 19

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A Network Simulation ExampleA Network Simulation Example

• We are in step two of network simulationStep 1 = ( Design )p ( g )Step 3 = ( Result Compilation )

Sub-Step The part of the code1. (Network Configuration) (the rest of the codes ) 2. (Simulation ) ($ns run )( ) ( )3. ( ) ( )

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 20

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A Network Simulation Example• Results? � (files out.tr and out.nam )

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{enque(+) deque(-) receive(r) drop(d)}Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.

{enque(+),deque( ),receive(r),drop(d)}21

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Outline• Overview• InstallationInstallation• An Example• Incorporate C++ Modules into NS2

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 22

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New Modules• NS2 Modules: C++ and OTcl

Di i• Directories:~ns ~tclcl

See Also: http://www-rp lip6 fr/ns-doc/ns226-doc/html/hierarchy htm

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.

See Also: http://www-rp.lip6.fr/ns-doc/ns226-doc/html/hierarchy.htm23

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New Modules• New Modules

– Need to recompile and links all NEWNeed to recompile and links all NEW modules

– Use make utility– Use make utility

• “Make” contains a set of things that will be done when “make” is executed from the command prompt.

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 24

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Make UtilityMake Utility• Make usage

>> make [ f <filename>]>> make [-f <filename>]– Executed what specified in <filename>– <filename> is called a “file descriptor”<filename> is called a file descriptor– No file is given � use file “Makefile”

• File descriptor– Syntax

1 [ 2 ] [ d 1 d 2 ]<target1> [<target2> …] : [<dep1> <dep2> …]<command>

– Targets are remade if any of the dependency– Targets are remade if any of the dependencyis changed

– The change is specified in the command.

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 25

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Make UtilityMake Utility• Example

cc-o channel main.o, fade.o, model.o

Execute ( ) if ( ) is changed( ) g

main.o, fade.o, and/or model.o

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 26

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Make UtilityMake Utility• Example: Use variables OBJS and

COM

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 27

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Makefile for NS2Makefile for NS2• Located in ~ns• Key components:Key components:

– INCLUDES = : DirectoryOBJ CC All NS2 bj fil– OBJ_CC = : All NS2 object files

– NS_TCL_LIB = : All NS2 OTcl files• Put your files in these three

componentscomponents

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 28

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M k fil f NS2: Ex mplMakefile for NS2: Example

Use *.o

Use “\” to separate lines

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 29

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Summary• NS2 consists of

– OTcl ( user interface ) and – C++ ( internal mechanism )

• Installation: NS2 + Cygwinyg• An Example• Make utility• Make utility

– INCLUDE: DirectoryOBJ CC C M d l– OBJ_CC: C++ Modules

– NS_TCL_LIB: OTcl Modules

Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 30

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