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Review Article

Critical review on Naga Kalpas in Bhaishajyaratnavali

Shobhnath Yadav1,Ashish Verma

1,Dr. Galib

2,B.J. Patgiri

3,P.K. Prajapati

4

1PhD Scholar,

2Associate Prof.,

3HOD, RS & BK,

4Director

IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar-361008

*Corresponding author: Shobhnath Yadav

Email. shobhnathbhuims@gmail.com

Q.C. In-charge, Dhanvantari Unit, GSFDC Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat

Abstract

Lead is a soft ,malleable poor metal, also considered to be one of the heavy metal. Naga is one among metals (puti loha)

present in the earth‘s crust which is .0013% found and used in deregulation of metabolism cures disease and metabolic

disease characterized by of human body. The administration of Naga Bhasma in Ayurvedic classics also quote significant

information. Naga formulation are the unique compound herbo metalic formulations where bhasm is used as a major and

minor ingredient. Some research works has been published on critical review Naga kalpas in different literature but till date

no work has been found published on different percentage of Naga & Naga Bhasm in kalpas of Bhaisajyaratnavali. Its book

is mention D&C act 1940 ,First schedule (serial No-9) containing different composition of Naga and Naga Bhasma .The total

53 kalps contain Naga Bhasm& Naga compound. Most of the latest formulation was compiled in Bhaisajyaratnavali. These

formulation has been taken from original references books. Taking a note of this it has been decided to calculate percentage

of Naga Bhasm, anupan, dose, therapeutic indications in different formulation. Unfortunately most of the Naga formulations

are not found in the market. Hence Pharmaceutical firms may bring these unique dosage forms in to the market to supply the

health care needs of the community. It is interesting that Naga preparations are used in Ayurveda in different medical

conditions a part from madhumeha. This leaves a scope for further researches on different composition of Naga and their

indications in many literature. Because a lot of have query on the uses of Naga (Lead) and their toxicity at different levels.

Keywords: Naga references, Naga kalpas, Lead percentage, Incineration.

.

Key words: Ethnobotanical knowledge, Akamba people, Ethnonomedicines, Plant products, Eastern Kenya, Ukambani region.

Quick Response Code:

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INTRODUCTION

In the past decade there has been renewed attention

and interest in the use of traditional medicine

globally. The golden period of Rasa Shastra, an off

shoot of Ayurveda popular from medieval (8-

11century)) period, mostly deals with therapeutic

utilization of metals and minerals.i

Bhaisajyaratnavali are the classics book which

have popularize in all direction part of India

(North-South-West-East)compiled all formulation

from different classics available at that time so its

was planed to screen out About 4500 ` of

formulations are explained in Bhaisajyaratnavali

classical texts compiled on basis of

Rogadhikar(total -70 Rogadhikar) with

combination of Bhasmas along with herbal

ingredients. Total number of Naga containing

formulation in Bhaisajyaratnavali are 53 out of

4500 formulation in which 8 formulation indicate

used as prameha. Relevant literature

Bhaisajyaratnavali reviewed togather information

about Naga Kalpas. Careful review shows that

there are around 53 formulation contain Naga

bhasm along with different proportion which are

frequently used. A simple change in the method of

preparation and ingredients can bring a change in

the action, indication, and efficacy. Hence, it is the

need of the hour to critically analyze the

formulations and the rationality behind it. This may

be a guideline for further research to unravel

Ayurveda. In our classics, Naga Bhasma is depicted

as Pramehaghnaii. Apakwa Naga Bhasm causes

various diseases like in Kustha, gulma, Raju,

Pandu, Jwara, Tridosapokapiii

, Roga, Mriytuiv,

Kshay, Kamalav, Kilas, Sandhishoola,

pakchavadha, Anaha, Amasshot, Avabahuka,shula vi Kandu, Anilsada

vii etc. and remove these

unwanted effect given various text viii

,ix

,x,xi

advise

for swarna Bhasm, haritaki and sita internali take

for three days and Rasahridaya Tantra use as Go

mutra, kutuki karvellakaxii

. India accounts has

largest number of people 50.8 million suffering

from diabetes in the world. Hence it is the need of

the hour to search some alternative from other

systems of medicine like Ayurveda. Naga Kalpas

can be a better alternative from Ayurveda. Till date,

no scientific comprehensive review has been done

on Naga Kalpas. Hence this study is undertaken.

Naga Kalpas are formulations which possess Naga

Bhasma (Lead sulphide) as the major ingredient

along with the other herbal ingredients.xiii

Some of

the formulations have use Naga sindoor in place

Naga bhasm.

BACKGROUND

The external use of Naga bhasm is described in

Charak Samhita for treatment of Mandal kustha xiv

In Sushruta samhita use as Traptyadi Ghana xv

as

mandal kustha Acharya Charaka further elucidates

that every object can be a medicine if used wisely

with a logical thought (Yukthi).xvi

Considering this

fact, the three forms of natural materials herbal,

mineral, and animal origins were subjected to trials

and their therapeutic values were established. Due

to the toxic nature of the minerals and metals, they

were less used for the internal administration

compared to herbs. Naga is heavy metal one of the

issue the article JAMA( the Journal of the American

Medical Association) titled ―Lead, Mercury, and

Arsenic in US- and Indian-Manufactured Ayurvedic

Conversion of metals into suitable consumable

medicinal form is found in the preparation. Some

researchers have been carried out on individual

Naga Kalpas like Naga Bhasma prepared arka

kshira(latex)xvii

and prepared two different media

parad and herbal xviii

.Mercurial containing

compound or its compounds preserve their potency

indefinitely. When well protected from moisture

and heat, they preserve their potency for a period of

about 5years (D&C rule 1945 ,161B)xix

.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Important texts of Ayurveda commencing from

Brihtraya to Rasa Ratna Samucchaya (RRS) to

Rasatarangini (RT) Rasendra SaraSamgraha

(RSS),Rasaprakash Sudhakar and Bhaishajya

Ratnavali (BR),Rasayogasagar (RYS) etc have

been the sources for Naga Kalpas. BR being a

comprehensive source for Naga Kalp was the main

source and the other important formulations are

selected from other classics and enumerated

according to the method of preparation. Only the

formulations having as Naga are considered for the

study. Quantity of Naga bhasm in few formulations

is quotedas ―Sarva dravya samam Nagam‖ which

means 50% of the formulation will be Naga

Bhasma(Incinerated lead). In other formulations the

quantity is calculated in accordance with the solid

constituents, where in the ingredients like

decoctions(Kwatha), fresh juices (Swarasa), ghee

(Ghrita -clarified butter), and honey (Madhu) are

not taken into consideration.

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Calculation is based on the raw ingredients taken

prior to the pharmaceutical processes.

Method of calculation

Percentage of NB =100×weight of NB/weight of

total solid ingredients (including NB). E.g., in

Drvadasayas (B.R-Vatraktadhikar: 27/53-57) total

weight of all ingredients mineral and herbal is

280gm out of which 10gm is NB..Percentage of NB

is 100×10 g/280 g = 3.57, i.e., Ardarak swarasa are

not considered for calculation.

RESEARCH WORK ON NĀGA BHASMA:

Nāga bhasma at 160 therapeutic equivalent dose

(TED) level was found to be safe in acute toxicity.

while nontoxic effect was observed in chronic

toxicity study at 5 TED level. One of the study

Naga bhasm prepared with parad and manahasila

significantly reduces blood sugar level.xx

The

reduction of blood sugar showed by 90% patient

and 65% of the patient was reported, who were

consuming modern antidiabetic drug along with

Nāga bhasma; while, 50% of patients who were on

only Ṣaṣtipuṭa Nāga bhasma also showed a

reduction in blood sugar levels. This study can

prove to be a lead toward addition of the Bhasma as

an adjuvant to the synthetic drugs for the

management of diabetes mellitus.xxi

In a testicular

regenerative potential study of Nāga bhasma, it

was observed that the test drug when given

simultaneously with CdCl2 (Cadmium chloride)

showed marked prevention of testicular

degenerative effects of CdCl2 and when given alone

after 36 h of CdCl2administration, showed

noticeable regenerative potential on partially

degenerated testis. Nāga bhasma showed specific

regenerative effect on germinal epithelium of testis.

CdCl2 is toxic to testicular germinal epithelium and

its effects can be minimized by Nāga bhasma. At

higher doses, the drug is found very effective, thus

these findings are well collaborated with the

Ayurvedic concept of Vṛṣya property of Nāga

bhasma.xxii

Acute toxicity study indicates LD 50 of

both test drugs is higher than 2000mg/kg. Naga

Bhasma prepared from Parada media and Vasa

media (in seven Puta) are toxic at TED X 5 and

TED X 10 dose level. However, both test drugs

produced mild adverse effect in Kidney and Liver

at TED dose level which indicates that Naga

Bhasma prepared in seven Puta should be avoided

in renal and hepatic impairment. Chronic toxicity

study elaborates the classical claim that Naga

Bhasma (seven Puti) should not be used for

Rasayana purpose i.e. for long duration.

Experimental study shows that both sample of

Naga Bhasma have no hypoglycemic action but

possess moderate anti-hyperglycemic effect after

one hour and significant anti-hyperglycemic effect

compared to initial BSL. But this difference is

statically non –significant when compare in

between both the groups.xxiii

Vati Naga Kalp (Tablets)-

Vati is usually prepared with the combination of

kaustousadhi dravya, Churna, Bhasm, Sudha ,

rasoparasa, sadharanarasa, guda, sarkara,

Guggulu , jala, swarasa, mutra etc drug

combination . Vati is made in the shape of flat

circular mass hence it is similar to tablet.1

Churna Naga Kalpa (Powder mixtures)-

Churnas (powder mixtures) are prepared by

pounding the dry drugs and then sieving through a

fine cloth or sieves. Lauha Kalpa in Churna form

are prepared by adding the fine powder of the

herbal drugs to the Lauha Bhasma and triturated

(dry) until homogenous mixture is obtained: Table-

2.

Sneha form of Naga Kalp-

Sneha basically contain fatty material which

contain guru, sheet, sar, snigdha, mand sukshma,

mridu, drava having property. Medicated sneha i.e

ghrita or taila is prepared by mixing one part of

kalka (paste of drugs) four part of sneha and

sixteen part of liquid media. the dose of sneha is

one pala: Table-3.

Malhar & Paste Naga Kalp-

(Semisolid preparation)

Literally, Lehya refers to that which is consumed

by licking. It is a semisolid dosage form, prepared

by solidifying the decoctions, etc. primary liquid

dosage forms by boiling along with sugar-, jaggery-

like sweetening agents and after it attains proper

consistency fine powders of drugs (Prakshepa

Dravya), ghrita, and honey are added: Table-4.

Dhupan form of Naga Kalp-Micro organism ,pain,

found smell etc. produced in Vrana are treated by

Dhupan (medicinal fumigation) called Vrana

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Dhupan . Same manner Dhupan is performed in

yoni, guda, nasa, sisna etc.: Table-5.

Varti form of Naga Kalp

Varti is a similar form of vati kalpana. Form

making varti medicine is modified into yavakrita

(long oval shape) solid form, then it called as Varti

Kalpana: Table-6.

Kupipakwa of Naga Kalp

(Incinerated material prepared in bear bottle)-

This term is composed of four words

kupi,pakva,rasa and ayana.A rasayana product

from parad, ganghaka,etc is prepared in a glass

bottle by applying mild, moderate and intense heat.

based on preparation method it is classified into

antardooma and bahirdhooma: Table-7.

DISCUSSION

Rasaushadhis (herbomineral formulations) are

being prescribed by Ayurvedic physicians since

long with are mention of toxicity. It is observed

that herb—mineral complexes are more stable and

more interactive compared to plain herbs as these

result in faster therapeutic action and have a longer

shelf life.xxiv

Naga Kalpas are formulations which

are safe effective, and note worthy compound

formulations of Naga. Properties of Nāga bhasma

includes Uṣṇa Vīrya (hot in action), Tikta rasa

(bitter taste), cures Vātaja‑Kaphaja Prameha and

Udakameha (polyuria).xxv

Most of kupipakwa

formulation Parad used as yogvahi properties.xxvi

Which makes it ideal to combine with other

metals/minerals to increase their potency and

therapeutic efficacy . Rasa sindhūra is a sublimated

product of Pārada and Gandhaka and also

possesses antidiabetic property .xxvii

These results

indicate that Haridrā is a promising vehicle for the

prevention and amelioration of type 2 diabetesxxviii

.

Vāgbhaṭa says that Haridrā is superior among

those which cure Prameha. xxix

After careful

review of Naga Kalpas, it is found that unlike

popular understanding they all are not only

Khalviya preparations but can be classified based

on the methods of preparation into Vati kalp,

Churna Kalpa, Sneha kalpand . Vati, Bhasm,

Churna Kalpas are prepared by wet trituration

(Bhavana, impregnation) with liquid ingredients,

i.e., decoctions and herbal juices. In few

formulations, water is used as a media for

Bhavana. Wet trituration (Toya Sannikarsha)

facilitates particle size reduction and

homogenization leading to modification of

properties (Gunantharadhana) of the end

product.In Bhaisajratnavali literature it contain

about 53 formulation in which Naga bhasm& its

ore, present various proportion (lower percentage

of Naga bhasma in yograjguggulu is .4 and

maximum percentage of Naga Bhasma in

Sinduradi lape is 33.3 % used in Rasayana & Pama

disease and 20% of Naga bhasma used in

Suchikabharanrasa. In some the formulation there

is not given the dose just like Sinduradi tail,

Vipretamalla tail, Vranarachasa tail

(1),Vranarachasa tail(2), Karchura tail,

Sindooradya tail, Sindooradi tail, Kustharachas

tail, Sathabindu tail, used as external application in

skin disease. In some of the formulation where not

used as anupan just like example in all external

application formulation. Total 3 formulation which

contain below than one percentage of Naga bhasm,

13 formulation contain 1to 5% of Naga Bhasm, 16

formulation contain 5to10% Naga Bhasm ,10 to

15% of Naga Bhasm found in 12 formulation,15 to

20% of Naga Bhasm found in 8 formulation and

last 20 to 40% Naga bhasm was found in two

formulation. Mehakunjarkesari &

Basantakusumakar rasa having a maximum dose 6

ratti in compare to other formulation. There are 3

formulation of Vati form,3 formulation of churna

form, used as prameha. In jwaradhikar different

tyes of dosage form used 7 vati

formulation,3churna formulation .In same way

3churna kalp used as Rajyakchma diseases. Total

nine Sneha form & one Malher formulation used in

skin disease as external application and one

formulation in the form of Varti used for Eye

disease. Ardarak swarasa used anupan in 9.4%of

formulation having kaphvata samak properties.

Honey used anupan form 37.73 %in Naga

formulation and have antidote of Naga bhasm. It

has been found that consumption of natural honey

reduces cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in

subjects with elevated risk factors.xxx

Ghee is

resistant to free radical damage and is lactose free.

Scientific studies have indicated the ability of ghee

in supporting physical and mental performance.

Ghee also acts as anti‑ageing, nutritive for nerves

and brain cells.xxxi

A comparative study of some

representative samples of Nāga Bhasm from

chemical and structural point of view showed that

the Nāga Bhasm samples were predominantly

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Bhaisajya Ratnavalli (Siddhinandan Mishra), 2011, Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan

Table-1 Formulation of Naga Bhasm prepared with vati form.(B.R)

Sr. No. Pag

e

No.

Formulation Slok No. Pb % Rogadhikar Anupan

a

Dose References

1. 142 Kulbadhu

Rasa-

596-597 16.67 Jvaradhikar,

Sannipatjwar,

Nasya

Nasya ½-

2ratti

Rasayansar

Samagrha

2. 180 Jvarari Rasa 1032-1033 11.11 Jvaradhikar.

Jwara,Shoola

Ardarak

swaras,

honey

1ratti Bhasijyarat

navali

3. 157 Trailokya

Chintamani

Rasa

766-772 09.09 Jvaradhikar

Sannipat jwar

Narikel

water

½

ratti

Rasa Raj

Sundar

4. 132 Navjarebhsing

h Rasa

485-487 11.70 Jvaradhikar.

Navjwar,

Grahniroga,

Ardaraks

waras&

honey

2ratti Rasedra

Chintamani

5. 139 Gadmurari

Rasa

560 10.00 Jvaradhikar,

Amajwar

Usna jala 2-

2Ratii

,

Rasedra

Chintamani

6. 151 Rasa Rajendra 696-702 11.11 Jvaradhikar.

All type of jwar

Tulasipat

ra

swaras

1ratti,

Rasedra

Sar

sangraha

7. 154 Sannipat

Bhirava Rasa

734-742 05.89 Jvaradhikar,

Jirnajwar,

Sawas Kash

Ardaraks

waras&

honey

1ratti,

Rasa Raj

Sundar

8. 285 Brihannripball

abh Rasa

366-370 4.78 Grahniroga,

Agnimandya,Aji

rna,Arsha,Amaji

rna

Ardaraks

waras&

honey

2ratti,

Rasayansar

sangraha

9. 527 Yograjguggulu 102-113 0.4 Vatvyadhirogad Usna jala 4- Sa.M.Kh-7

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hikar.

Trodosghna,ras

ayana

8ratti

10. 577 Drvadasayasa 53-57 3.57 Vatraktadhikar,

Amavat,Mandag

ni,Mahakustha

Honey&

guduchi

swarasa

2ratti,

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

11. 602 Vatgajendrasi

ngh

81-87 6.45 Amavatrogadhik

ar,

Amavat,

Chino

Milk 3ratti,

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

12. 656 Nageswar

Rasa

87-89 8.33 Gulmarogadhik

ar,

Gulma,Pliha

Tambula

patra

2-4

ratti,

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

13. 671 Sankar Vati 50-54 11.7 Hridrogadhikar,

Amavat,

jirnajwar

Prameha

Usna jala 2ratti,

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

14. 704 Vedavidya

Vati

79-83 5.89 Prameharogdhi

kar in All

Prameha

Madhu

&Amla

swaras

3

ratti,

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

15. 707 Yogeswar

Rasa

105-109 4.16 Prameharogdhi

kar,Prameha,m

utrakuchha,Asm

ari

Honey 2ratti, Rasayansar

sangraha

16. 708 Basantkusuma

kar Rasa

114-119 10.34 Prameharogadh

ikar,Prameha,

Medhya,

Honey,

Ghrita,

Sita,

Milk

1

ratti,

Rasayansar

sangraha

17. 773 Shobhankush

Rasa

55-56 16.67 Shotharogdhika

r, Jwar,sotha,

Pandu,Vataj,Pit

taj, Kaphaj

Roganus

ar( As

per

diseas)

1-4

ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

18. 795 Rasarajendra 70-73 7.69 Vridhirogad

Hiker,Antrabrid

Honey 1ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

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hi

19. 796 Akadasayasa

Rasa

82-84 3.44 Vridhirogadhika

r,

Andkoshvridhi,

mutrakrichha

Honey 2ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

20. 103

3

Pradar Ripu 59 8.3 Pradarrogadhik

ar,prader

Honey 6 ratti

Yogaratnak

ar

21. 103

4

Ratna

Prbhavatika

60-64 8.3 Pradarrogadhik

ar,Balya,Rasaya

n,

Prader

Bala

Kwatha

1 ratti Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

22. 106

0

Garbhapala

Rasa

94-96 6.8 Grahanirogadhi

kar,Garbhinirog

a

Draksha

Kwatha

1-2

ratti

Baidhak

Chintamani

23. 106

9

Sutikahara

Rasa

72-75 6.25 Sutikarogadhika

r,Atisar,

Shoolhar

Honey,

Gandhap

rasarnis

wara

4-4

ratti

Rasayansar

a Samghra

24. 111

4

Nilkantha

Rasa

66-74 10.82 Rasanadhikar,K

shaya roga,

Grahniroga

,Rakta pitta

Honey 2 ratti

Rasayansar

a Samghra

25. 111

8

Basanta

Kusmakar

Rasa(1)

128-133 8.57 Prameha,Rasay

ana

Tambul

swarasa

2ratti

Rasayansar

a Samghra

26. 111

9

BasantaKusu

makar Rasa(2)

134-135 10.35 Rasayanadhikar

,Rasayan karm

Tambul

swarasa

6-6

ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

Table-2 Formulation of Naga Bhasm prepared with,Churna form.(B.R)

S

r.

N

o.

Page

No. Formulatio

n

Slok No. Pb % Rogadhikar Anupana Dose References

1. 146 Suchikabhar

an Rasa

642-643 20.00 Jvaradhikar, Brahmaratha

use

5 mg , Rasayan

Sar

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Sannipat jwar

Samagrha

2. 147 Suchikabhar

an Rasa-

Brihat

646-649 16.67 Jvaradhikar

Sannipat

jwar,Atisar,Visu

chika

Brahmaratha

use

5 mg , RasayanSar

Samagrha

3. 163 Pratap

lankesh

Rasa

823-848 06.45 Jvaradhikar,

Sannipatjwar

Chitrak kwath 1 ratti Rasa

Manjari

4. 395 Raktpittakul

kandan Rasa

68-71 16.67 Raktapittadhika

r,

Raktapitta

Yastimadhu

kwath &honey

2ratti Yogaratnad

hikar

5. 415 Chaykesari

Rasa(brihat)

91-100 4.35 Rajyakchma,

Prameha,Medor

aga

Honey,Pippalich

urn,Sarkarachun

a,Ardaraka

swarasa

2ratti, Rasayansar

sangraha

6. 422 Ratnagarbh

pottali

180-185 7.7 Rajyakchma,

8tyes Maharoga

Pippalichurna&

Honey

1 ratti Rasayan sar

sangraha

7. 425 Lakchmivila

sh Rasa

215-218 4.54 Rajyakchma,

Pandu,Arsha,Sh

oola,Kustha

Roganusar 1-

2ratti

Yogaratnad

hikar

8. 536 Navratnaraj

mringak

Rasa

207-212 3.84 Vatvyadhirogad

hikar,

20 types

Prameha

Honey,-

Pipper,guduchi

satva

1 ratti Yogaratnak

ar

9. 709 Mehakunjar

kesari Rasa

130-135 11.11 Prameharogadh

ikar

Prameha,

Rasayan

Honey 6 ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

10. 776 Shpthsardul

a Rasa

96-98 11.11 Shotharogdhika

r, Mutrakrichha,

Udar roga

Usnodaka 3-6

ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

11. 872 Manikya

rasa

126-134 3.8 Kustharogadhik

ar

Alltypes Kustha

Honey,

ghrita

2ratti

Rasendrach

intamani

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12. 100

4

Nainamritan

jan

(Sudha

Naga)

204-205 15.38 Netrarogadhika

r,Timir,Netrapat

al,all types of

eye diseas

No anupan Extern

al use

Churna

use by

salaka

Rasamanjar

i

13. 113

1

Puspadhanv

a Rasa

70 20.00 Vajikarn

Rogadhikar,Vaji

karana

Honey,

Ghrita,

Sarkara,

Godugdha

1-

2ratti

Yogaratnak

ar

Table-3 Formulation of Naga Bhasm prepared with Sneha(Tail) form.(B.R)

Sr.

No.

Page

No.

Formulation Slok

No.

Pb % Rogadhikar Anupan Dose References

1. 807 Sinduradi

tail(Nagsindoor)

71-72 16.28 Granthaburdadhika

r, Gandmala

No

anupan;

External

use as per

require

Bhavprakash

2. 826 Vipretamalla tail

(Nagsindoor)

67-68 12.5 Vranashothadhikar

Galgand,

Pama

No

anupan

External

use

Chakradatta

3. 826 Vranarachasa tail

(Nagsindoor)

69-71 4.02 Vranashothadhika,

Nadivrana,

Vranamansvridhi,k

ustha

No

anupan

External

use

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

4. 827 Vranarachasa tail

(Nagsindoor)

72-76 0.53 Vranashothadhika

Vatrakta,Kandu,

Mahaswatkustha

No

anupan

External

use

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

5. 839 Karchura tail

(Nagsindoor)

30 4.76 Nadivranadhikar,

Nadivrana,Visarpa

No

anupan

External

use

Bhavprakash

6. 886 Sindooradya tail

(Nagsindoor)

270 7.2 Kustharogadhikar,

Pama

No

anupan

External

use

Chakradatta

7. 887 Sindooradi tail 274- 4.76 Kustharogadhikar, No External Chakradatta

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Page 68

(Nagsindoor) 277 Kustha,Pama,

Eczema

anupan use

8. 889 Kustharachas tail

(Nagsindoor)

285-

289

8.3 Kustharogadhikar,S

witra, vatrakta,

Pama

No

anupan

External

use

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

9. 889 Sathabindu tail

(Nagsindoor)

290-

291

1.49 Kustharogadhikar,

Kustha

,Vicharckika

No

anupan

External

use

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

Table-4 Formulation of Naga Bhasm prepared with Malhar & Paste form.(B.R)

Sr.

No.

Page

No.

Formulation Slok

No.

Pb % Rogadhikar Anupan Dose References

1. 862 Sinduradi lape

(Nagsindoor)

30 33.33 Kustharogadhikar,

Pama

No anupan External

use

Chakradatta

2. 939 Naradi tail

(Sudha Naga)

78 25 Chudrarogadhikar,

Kesya ranjan

No anupan External

use

(past)

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

Table-5 Formulation of Naga Bhasm prepared with Dhupan form.(B.R)

Sr. No. Page No. Formulation Slok

No.

Pb % Rogadhikar Anupan Dose References

1 849 Paradadidhupa

n

(Nagsindoor)

19-21 2.48 Updansarogadhik

ar,

Updansvrana

No anupan Dhupa

n use

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

IJEPP 2016, 2 (2), 59-71 Shobhnath et al

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Page 69

Table-6 Formulation of Naga Bhasm prepared with Varti form (B.R)

Sr. No. Page No. Formulation Slok No. Pb % Rogadhikar Anupan Dose References

1 1004 Rasanjanadi

Varti

202-203 11.11 Netrarogadh

ikar,

All types eye

diseas

No

anupan

Exter

nal

use

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

Table-7 Formulation of Naga Bhasma prepared with Kupipakwa form (B.R)

Sr. No. Page No. Formulation Slok No. Pb % Rogadhikar Anupan Dose References

1 1119 Astavakra Rasa 136-140 0.97 Rasanadhikar,

Balipalit

nasak

Roganus

ar

1

ratti

Bhaishajya

Ratnavali

crystalline, i.e., mixture of PbO Pb3O4.xxxii

Other

work on synthesis, characterization and

histopathological study of Nāga Bhasm showed

that Nāga Bhasm is nontoxic (6 mg/100 g/day),

while crude lead (6 mg/100 g/day) is highly

toxicxxxiii

.

CONCLUSION

There are 53 formulations of Bhaisajyaratnavali

contain Naga bhasma out of 4500 formulation and

6 kalpas contain Naga Bhasma indicated for

Prameha. Total 7 dosage form was used as Vati,

Churna, Kupipakwa, Sneha,Malhar, Varti and

Kupipakwa rasayana of naga Formulation. Nāga

bhasma, is mainly useful in Vātaja‑Kaphaja

Prameha and should be used cautiously in Pittaja

type of Prameha. Amlaki, tulasiī, Gudūci and

Madhu enhance the antidiabetic action of Nāga

bhasma and also are helpful in preventing diabetic

Complications. Ardarak swarasa was used as

anupan in 9.4%of formulation having kaphvata

samak properties.Honey was used as anupan

in37.73 % formulations and indicated as antidote

of Naga bhasma. Based on the method of

preparation, shelf life, pharmacological action,

indication varies. There are number of formulations

which are not available in the market and but suits

the present day healthcare demand. Hence

pharmaceutical houses can manufacture and market

them available. On the basis classical references it

is concluded that Nāga Bhasma possesses

significant antidiabetic property and is a safe drug.

Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct research

on safety and efficacy of apart from antidiabetic

formulations of Nāga bhasma.

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