DEC 2000 ISSUE 10 Comments and contributions are most welcome on any aspect of the contents. Please contact your country representative for further details or send material to Claire Humphreys. Grierson The commercial development of bio-oil as a ‘New Renewable’ on page 5 Peacocke Transport requirements for fast pyrolysis liquids on page 14 Robson DynaMotive 2000 Progress Report on page 6 PYROLYSIS NETWORK SUCCESS STORY SPECIAL For more details see inside... SUCCESS STORY SPECIAL ISSUE NO. 10 ISSUE NO. 10
Transcript
DEC 2000 ISSUE 10
Comments and contributions are most welcome on any aspect of the contents.Please contact your country representative for further details or send materialto Claire Humphreys.
GriersonThe commercial development of bio-oil as a ‘New Renewable’on page 5
PeacockeTransport requirements for fastpyrolysis liquidson page 14
RobsonDynaMotive 2000 Progress Reporton page 6
PYROLYSISNETWORK
SUCCESS STORY
SPECIALFor more details see inside...
SUCCESS STORY
SPECIALISSUE NO. 10ISSUE NO. 10
2
Co-ordinatorTony Bridgwater
AdministratorClaire Humphreys
Bio-Energy Research Group,Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET.
UNITED KINGDOM.Tel +44 121 359 3611Fax +44 121 359 6814
19Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Liquid Feed to a Stirling Engine
In addition the EC has favourably evaluatedan Altener proposal by Aston University, UK,and Joanneum Research, Austria, to examinethe competitivity of bio-oil compared withfossil fuels in a range of applications.
NEWSFLASHThe future of PyNe
The installation has been erected andoperated in the BTG laboratory in Enschede.Various feedstock types, prepared anddelivered by the Spanish research instituteCIEMAT, have been processed, and thebio-oils produced have been tested for theircombustion properties in a flame tunneland turbine combustor in the laboratoriesof Rostock University in Germany.
A list of major achievements includes• Longest test run 80 hours.• Total bio-oil production 15 tonnes.• Current capacity 260 kg/h.• Maximum bio-oil yield
75 wt.% on dry feed.• Wood types processed pine,
poplar, beech, oak.• Other feedstock types rice husks,
wheat straw, Spanish thistle,organic waste.
• Particle sizes up to 6 mm,including fines.
Successful pilot–plant project in theNetherlands
By Dr Wolter Prins, BTG, The Netherlands
The rotating cone fast pyrolysis process has been successfully scaledup to a biomass federate of 260 kg/h, dry basis, under an EC contract(FAIR-CT97-3203). KARA Engineering BV in Almelo was responsible for theconstruction and installation of the fully continuous plant, which wasdesigned by BTG on the basis of their own patented reactor design.
The proposal to continue PyNe has been favourably evaluated by the EC andcontract negotiations are currently in progress (November 2000). PyNe willbe in a cluster with a parallel Network on Gasification. IEA Bioenergy hasalso agreed to continue their support, which will provide all the benefits ofa global network.
This will be carried out in close associationwith PyNe in Europe and will be linked(clustered) to another Altener project onbio-oil standards proposed by CARE Ltd, UK.
These projects and their interlinkages areshown in the diagram below:
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The technology has now matured sufficientlythat the product quality can be controlledto an acceptable degree by the feedstockcharacteristics and process conditions.However improvements such as hot vapourfiltration (or, alternatively, bio-oil filtering)are still under development.The requirements, which are consideredto be crucial for future marketimplementation, are:
• Demonstration of the earliest feasibleapplications of bio-oil includingco-firing, heat boilers, diesel engines.
• Bio-oil characterisation and definitionof the combustion properties forend-use purposes including warranty,specifications, health and safety.
Figure 1: BTG R&D facility.
Figure 2: Char combuster with hot sandrecycle to rotating cone pyrolyser.
• Large scale demonstration of thetechnology and production of largequantities of bio-oil.
• Industrial recognition and acceptanceof bio-oil application routes.
The advantages of bio-oil utilisation havebeen pointed out extensively in earliereditions of the PyNe Newsletter. It isimportant to fully appreciate the benefits ofthe de-coupling of production and utilisationand the consequent advantages in handlingsuch as transport, storage distribution andpressurisation for atomisation. Apart fromthe heat and electricity market, there maybe long-term opportunities to producetransportation fuels on the basis of syngasproduction from bio-oil.
BTG has recently completed its business planfor fast pyrolysis as a starting point formarket implementation activities. The priceof the bio-oil is estimated to be in the rangeof 6 /GJ for an initial 2 tonnes biomass per hour demonstration plant, to 4 /GJ for future installations larger than 5 tonnesper hour. The demonstration plant will beerected at the biomass park in Vriezenveen,where it can profit from some integrationwith the existing charcoal and sawdust briquetting factories and the current woodsupply contracts. A demonstration projectproposal submitted to the EuropeanCommission has been evaluated favourably.The EC subsidy, together with owncontributions by the demonstration plantconsortium, provides a sound financial basisfor the first plant. The objective is tocommercially exploit this demonstration plantin the future on the basis of bio-oil sales tothe electricity and heat production sector.
For further information contact:
Dr Wolter PrinsBTG biomass technology group B.V.P.O Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
Figure 3: Hot sand and biomass feed to rotating cone pyrolyser.
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Vacuum PyrolysisBreakthroughBy Christian Roy, Pyrovac Inc. Canada
Process Performance
The test campaign, that took place duringApril 2000, enabled the transformation ofsoftwood bark into wood oil, wood charcoal,gas and water. On an anhydrous feed basis,yields obtained at the industrial scale were:
Groupe Pyrovac inc. from Canada and Ecosun bv from the Netherlandshave achieved the performance of the vacuum pyrolysis reactor at theirPyrocycling
TMplant in Jonquière, Province of Québec. PyrocyclingTM is
based on the vacuum pyrolysis technology. The joint venture has built,commissioned and operated the Pyrocycling demonstration plant in Jonquièreat design performance levels. The reactor has been designed to operate at acapacity of 3.5 t/h of feedstock at 15% moisture content.
Process Applications
A short term application of the PyrocyclingTM
process is in the area of waste-to-energyprojects. One potential application involvespartial substitution of coal in a coal-firedboiler to generate electricity. In such a use,the wood charcoal and the crude pyrolysisoil derived from the waste biomass can bedirectly blended with coal fed to the boiler.New “Green” regulations that are being set-up by the EC make the processeconomically attractive.
In North America, the chemical route receivespriority attention with the potential of usingthe pyrolysis oil as Biophen.
Pyrolysis oils @15.7% water content 30.7%
Wood charcoal 29.2%
Water phase 19.6%
Pyrolysis gas 20.5%
The wood charcoal, apart from being a highcalorific value solid fuel, is currently beinginvestigated by the user sector as an oxygenreducer in the metallurgical industry and also as a soil enrichment material. Its potential as an additive to upgrade roadbitumen has already been established at thelaboratory scale.
In Summary
Two decades of research and developmentefforts have led to the successfulperformance demonstration of this fastpyrolysis technology. To our knowledgethis is the first time ever that sucha high biomass throughput capacity(3.5 t/h) has been reached using a fastpyrolysis process.
The PyrocyclingTM plant in Jonquière is meant to become both a technology window for process applications in the area of bioenergy and waste recycling and a permanent R&D arm for Pyrovac tocontinuously improve the technology andfind new product applications. Turn-keyplants can be constructed and licensedby Pyrovac.
For further information contact:
Professor Christian RoyPyrovac Institute Inc333 rue FranquetSainte-FoyQuebecCanadaG1P 4C7
There are now planning permissions in placefor both a combined pyrolysis and powerplant in Carlisle, north-west England and the satellite plant in Consett, north-eastEngland, which will use oil manufactured in Carlisle. Additional approval is currentlybeing sought for another combined site inPowys, Wales and applications for furthersatellite power stations are being prepared.
The company behind thesedevelopments is Border Biofuels whohave been featured in previous issuesof this newsletter (PyNe Newsletter 8).The company initially intends tomanufacture bio-oil from forestryresidues, but also intends to develop
sources of feedstock from short rotationcoppice on a similar scale to the ARBRE
(biomass gasification) project inYorkshire. Such developments are ofgreat interest from a planningviewpoint both because of theirpotential environmental impact andalso because of the economic
benefits from development ofthe industry. At Consettthe environmental impact of
the power plant was, aftercareful consideration and much
consultation, felt to be acceptable
The commercialdevelopment of bio-oilas a ‘New Renewable’
and the benefits of the plant as an aid toinward investment and source of employmenthelped to allay local concerns.
There is, however, a range of potentialimpacts of the development, which arebeyond the immediate control ofenvironmental regulators such as townand country planners. These include theimplications of creating large areas ofcoppice, changing the management regimewithin existing woodland to extract brashand developing combined heat and powernetworks in existing urban areas.
The identification of all these potentialimpacts is being carried out as a life cycle assessment of this bio-oil renewableenergy industry. This will help to promote itssustainability and identify and subsequentlyaddress any adverse impacts.
For more information contact:
Mr Daniel GriersonPlanning and Projects OfficerDerwentside District CouncilCo DurhamDH8 5JAUK
The commercial application of bio-oil as a fuel for small embedded powerstations is approaching reality in the north of England and the first planningapprovals for the construction of plant have recently been granted.
Figure 1: Proposed site for the Consett bio-oil power station.
Figure 2: Border biofuelspyrolysis sites.
By Daniel Grierson, Derwentside District Council, UK
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Additional highlights from the year2000 include:
• Outright acquisition of the FastPyrolysis Patent from ResourceTransform International (RTI) as well as a right of first refusal for new products derived from bio-oil, including fuels and slow release fertilizers.
• Construction has begun on a new 10tonne per day (tpd) bio-oil plantwhich will be completed in 4th quarterof 2000. The plant, with a productioncapacity of 6,000 litres of bio-oil perday, has been built to industrialspecifications complete with state ofthe art control systems used worldwidein commercial facilities. This increasedproduction will provide much largerquantities of bio-oil for engine andcombustion test programmes.
• Once the new 10 tonne per day plantis fully commissioned, the Companyplans to build a 25 tonne per daycommercial demonstration plant in2001 which will serve as a springboardfor design and construction of fullscale, 100 to 400 tonne per daycommercial plants to be built inCanada, Europe, Brazil, Asia and otherinternational markets.
• Completion of the new round offinancing totalling US $4,389,900which will be used primarily for scaleup of the Company’s bio-oil technology.
• Completion of a successful productionrun of high quality bio-oil made fromsugar cane bagasse, expanding bio-oilmarket applications to sugar producingcountries and creating significantpotential demand for its bio-oiltechnology worldwide. A second stagebagasse program is underway.
• Completion of successful production ofbio-oil made from 100% softwood bark.
• Corporate restructuring, includingestablishment of an expanded newTechnology Group, opening of officesfor DynaMotive Europe Limited inLondon, UK and DynaMotiveCorporation in Los Angeles, CA to takeadvantages of opportunities in thesemarkets, and establishment ofDynaMotive Canada Ltd. to develop,build and operate bio-oil productionplants in Canada.
• DynaMotive received a CDN $250,000contribution from Natural ResourcesCanada (NRCan) to support ongoingR&D for bio-oil production andcharacterisation.
A copy of DynaMotive’s 1999 Annual Reportis now available from the Company or onits website.
For more information contact:
Antony RobsonManaging Director DynaMotive Europe Limited4th Floor, 31 Davies StreetLondon, W1K 4LR, UK
DynaMotive 2000Progress ReportBy Antony Robson, DynaMotive Europe Limited, UK
At the 1st World Conference & Exhibition on Biomass for Energy andIndustry held in June in Sevilla, Spain, DynaMotive’s Chief TechnologyOfficer Keith Morris outlined the Company’s recent progress and presenteda joint technical paper with Orenda Aerospace on its successful bio-oil testprogram in Orenda’s OGT2500 – 2.5 MWe industrial gas turbine. The testsdemonstrated that DynaMotive’s bio-oil, used directly from its pilot plantwithout any additional upgrading or refining, can both effectively powera gas turbine engine and simultaneously reduce NOx and SOx air emissionscompared to traditional fossil fuels. In September, DynaMotive announceda second phase program with Orenda to develop a commercial gas turbinepackage to operate on DynaMotive’s bio-oil fuel.
Also in Sevilla, DynaMotive announceda second test program with Genergy,the only UK packager of Solar Turbines.Solar, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc., is the world leader in industrial turbines in the 1-15 MWe capacity. Further bio-oiltesting programs are anticipated.
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Process description
The HTU process treats biomass in liquidwater at a temperature of 300-350oc, at apressure of 120-180 bar and a residence timeof 10-30 minutes. The main feature of thechemistry is deoxygenation by formation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the oxygen contentof the feedstock (typically 40 %wt. on a dry basis) is reduced to 10-15%wt. in theproduct. The resulting organic product is‘Biocrude’. It does not mix with water and ithas a high calorific value (LHV is 30-35GJ/tonne on a dry and ash free basis). It solidifies at about 80oc. Its heating valueand other properties make it attractive forco-firing in coal fired power stations.Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation has beenshown to convert biocrude into hydrocarbonsof which the diesel fraction has excellentignition properties.
The nature of the HTU process makes it alsovery suitable for the conversion of wetfeedstocks such as municipal organic waste,sugar beet pulp, verge grass etc., withmoisture contents of typically 80%w.
The photograph shows the HTU pilot plant atTNO-MEP, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands justafter its completion. In October, 1999, theDutch Minister of Economic Affairs performedthe official opening of the plant. The planthas an intake capacity of up to 120 litresper hour.
The future of HTU
At present we are setting up the financing ofthe second and last part of the HTU project.It is intended to run from early 2001 to mid 2003. It will encompass extensiveoperation of the pilot plant, and product research. At its completion sufficient data should be available for thedesign of a commercial plant.
In the mean time we have performed afeasibility study (2) for a commercialdemonstration plant with a capacity of some25000 tonnes/year (dry basis). The aim is tostart construction of this plant in 2002.
References
(1) See F. Goudriaan, B. van de Beld, F.R.Boerefijn, G.M. Bos, J.E. Naber, S. Van derWal and J.A. Zeevalkink, “Thermal efficiencyof the HTU process for biomass liquefaction”,presented at conference “Progress inThermochemical Biomass Conversion”, Tyrol,Austria, 18-21 September 2000
(2) This study was supported by ShellNetherlands and the Dutch Government(Novem-EWAB program).
For more information contact:
Dr Frans Goudriaan.BIOFUEL B.V., Rendorppark 30,1936 AM Heemskerk, The Netherlands.
HTU pilot planton streamBy Frans Goudriaan., Biofuel B.V., The Netherlands
The HTU process was originally developed by Shell Research at Amsterdam.After Shell abandoned the project in 1988 a ‘HTU consortium’ resumed it in 1997. The consortium consists of Shell Netherlands, Stork Engineers andContractors, TNO-MEP, BTG and Biofuel BV. With financial support of theDutch Government the first part of a process design and developmentproject was conducted from 1 November 1997 till 1 September 2000. The main achievements are the design, construction and operation of the pilot plant, screening of feedstocks in autoclave experiments, study of phase equilibria, exploration of product applications and conceptualprocess design with special attention for heat integration (1).
Figure 1: HTM pilot plant located at TNO-MEP, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.
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Emulsions
This process is basedon the productionof a stable emulsionbetween BCO andconventional diesel oil.BCO and diesel isa two-phase system,that is diesel oil andBCO are not miscible;therefore an emulsifier(or surfactant) has to beadded to obtain a stableemulsion to change theinterfacial properties ofthe system and avoid or delay the breaking of
the emulsion. The emulsions developed atCGSI (University of Florence) are based ondifferent BCOs in terms of feedstock andproduction facility. BCO from BTG andDynamotive has been successfully tested.A semi-automatic emulsification systemhas been designed and constructed toproduce approximately 50 l/h of emulsions.Very stable emulsions have been prepared,some of which have survived intact forover a year.
By Piero Baglioni, CGSI, University of Florence, Italy
BIO-EMULSION –Development of abio-crude-oil/diesel emulsion
Figure 2: Bio-emulsion production facility at Pasquali, Italy.
Figure 1: 5kWe test engine running on bio-emulsion at Pasquali, Italy.
Bio-Crude-Oil (BCO) has the potential to replace fuel oil or diesel in many applications such as boilers, turbines and alternative engines forelectricity production. However, technological development for BCOupgrading in order to obtain a fuel easier to handle, store and utilise forpower generation is still a problem to be solved. The aim of theBIOEMULSION project (supported by the EC within the JOULE Programme,contract JOR3-CT98-0307) is to develop a process for improving BCOutilisation in diesel engine units.
Tests
The emulsions, containing between 10 and75% BCO in diesel, have been tested insmall diesel engines of a few kWe at Pasquali Macchine Agricole (Italy) and Kassel University (Germany), as well as in a250 kWel engine at Ormrod Diesels (UK). The tests aimed to assess combustionquality, operating performances and emissionlevels of the engines. These tests havedemonstrated that the engines are able tosuccessfully and efficiently burn this fuel.Many of the early problems in the injectionsystem of the engines have been successfullyresolved, although further work is requiredto verify the preliminary results.
For further information contact:
Professor Piero BaglioniCSGIc/o Department of ChemistryUniversity of FlorenceITALY
Fertilisers are being produced fromagricultural wastes and biomass by threedifferent methods:
• reaction of nitrogen containingcompounds with pyrolysis liquid.
• addition of the nitrogen containingcompound to the biomassbefore pyrolysis.
• direct reaction of nitrogen containing compounds within the pyrolysis process.
The products are being tested on differentplants in different growing regimes in orderto compare their effectiveness with eachother and with conventional fertilisers.These are initially being tested on potplants, with some early and veryencouraging results shown in Figure 1 & 2.Later trials will focus on larger scale trials.
The key attraction of this overall processis the sustainable recycling of agriculturalwastes and residues into a unique andvaluable fertiliser for agricultural andhorticultural applications. Thus not onlyare wastes reduced or even avoided, but aunique and valuable commodity is produced.
The product is also flexible as a range of nutrients and additives can beincluded in the product as required fordifferent applications. The pyrolysis processto be used to process the agro-materials is awell established technology. It produces nowastes as all the by-products are either used in the process as energy source, orcontained as essential components of theresultant product.
This work is being carried out within an ECContract (FAIR-CT98-4042) and comprisesthe following members:
Aston University, UK (Co-ordinator)IWC GermanyADAS, UKDIAS, Denmark Levington Agriculture, UK
For further information contact:
Professor Tony BridgwaterBio-Energy Research GroupAston UniversityBirminghamB4 7ETUK
Slow release fertilisersby pyrolytic recyclingof agricultural wasteBy Tony Bridgwater, Aston University, UK
Figure 1: Project team reviewing the results of the growing trials in Denmark.
Figure 2: Results of fertiliser trials on hebe plants. The plant with no fertiliser ison the left, the control with a standard fertiliser is the three pots next to it. The new fertiliser is in the six pots on the right.
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Phenol is a toxic petrochemical substanceand the recent increases in oil prices,together with the need to reduce demand on fossil fuels and promote environmentallyfriendly products, have encouraged thedevelopment of alternative resin feedstocksderived from renewable resources. Efforts in this field have accelerated in the latest two decades.
The research group of A.R.I. in this respecthas studied the potential use of pyrolysis oil(bio-oil), a portion of which comprisesphenolic compounds, for replacing part ofthe phenol needed in the formula of aphenol-formaldehyde resin. A successfulphenol substitute should be:
• less toxic than phenol.• of considerably lower cost than
petroleum-derived phenol.• able to provide resins with the same
or enhanced quality than the onesconventionally synthesized.
The first two requirements are fulfilled byfast pyrolysis oil (bio-oil). The scope of thiswork was to evaluate, whether the thirdrequirement can also be fulfilled by pyrolysisoil. Preliminary results presented in 1998 (1)
showed that up to 30% phenol substitutionby pyrolysis oil was possible. However, theresin efficiency was adversely affected,particularly for substitution levels over 20%.These results were, however, consideredpromising and worthy of furtherinvestigation, and further results arepresented below.
Methodology and Results
Phenol-formaldehyde resins were successfullyproduced by substituting up to 50% of thephenol needed in the formula with bio-oil,using slight modification of the commercialsynthesis know-how. The resins wereintended for use in two differentapplications: production of either OrientedStrand Board (OSB) or plywood (PW) panels.This difference in resin application requires adifferent approach in resin productionsequence. However, the use of bio-oil inboth cases provided phenolic adhesives withreactivity (curing time) and performanceequal to those of conventional resin.
Industrial scale production of plywood wascarried out by employing the bio-oilmodified phenolic resin. Representativeresults from testing the board properties are given in Figure 2. The board sampleswere tested according to the requirements of bond type WBP (Weather and Boil Proof,72h boil pretreatment) of British Standard6566, using the knife test for assessing thebond quality. Two different types of woodveneers were employed for forming of thepanels: poplar (hardwood) and okoume(tropical) veneers. The bond quality of themodified resin was compared with that ofthe conventional resin (control) and thevalue of plant control. The panel bondperformance, however, is highly dependentnot only on the resin type but also on thetype of wood veneers. The results show thatthe bond quality of the bio-oil modified resinis equal to or even better than that of theconventional resin and higher than the plantcontrol value.
Wood adhesivesmade withpyrolysis oilBy Sophia Tsiantzi and Eleftheria Athanassiadou, Adhesives Research Institute Ltd., Greece
Figure 1: Resole structure.
Introduction
Phenol-formaldehyde resins represent an important type of adhesivesemployed in the production of wood-based panels of superior waterresistance (exterior use products). They are mainly the products of thereaction between phenol and formaldehyde, which is catalysed by alkalito provide a thermosetting polymer called a resole. Other phenoliccompounds (e.g. resorcinol) can also react with formaldehyde to providepolymers of the same type.
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Furthermore, pilot scale production of OSBwas carried out by employing bio-oilmodified resin. In Figure 3, the values oftensile strength (IB N/mm2), bendingstrength (MOR N/mm2), % thickness swellingafter immersion in water for 24h (TS) andbonding durability (BD, N/mm2, MOR after2h boiling of the board samples) are providedwith a comparison with conventionalphenolic resin and the standard requirements(CSA 0437). It is clear that the resinperformance was not adversely affected bythe incorporation of bio-oil. These results willbe verified in planned industrial scale tests.
Conclusions
Pyrolysis oil can be used in the manufactureof phenolic resins for various panel typeswith good results. An up to 50% phenolsubstitution has already been realized andfurther increases in the level of substitutionis envisaged.
To provide significant savings for the resinmanufacturer the phenol substitution levelshould be above 40% and the price of thepyrolysis oil should be no more than 50% ofthe synthetic phenol price. Its lower toxicitycompared to phenol and its conformity withthe EU directive for sustainable development(it is produced from renewable resources)make it attractive for further investigation.
Figure 2: Bond quality of industrial plywoodproduced with bio-oil modified PF resin.
Figure 3: Tensile (IB) and bending (MOR) strength, 24h thickness swelling (TS)and bonding durability (BD) of pilot scale OSB produced with bio-oil modified PF resin.
For further information contact:
Mrs. S. TsiantziMrs. E. AthanassiadouA.C.M. Wood Chemicals plcc/o Adhesives Research Institute Ltd.88 Sofouli – Kalamaria Thessaloniki, 55131GREECE
A.C.M. Wood Chemicals plc is a world leader in thedevelopment and manufacturing of formaldehyde-based resins and resin additives for the productionof wood-based panels. SAPEMUS CHEMIE GmbH is aa member of this group, producing resin additivesin Germany and ADHESIVES RESEARCH INSTITUTE(A.R.I.) Ltd., based in Greece, is the research anddevelopment centre of the group, specialised in thewood and adhesives chemistry.
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Process
The process involves the fast pyrolysis of 1-2mm softwood particles at a design feed rateof 250 kg/hr (dry basis) with an anticipatedpyrolysis liquids yield of 75%. Pyrolysis isperformed under reducing conditions in abubbling fluidised sand bed. Once atoperating temperature, all the heatnecessary for the pyrolysis process isprovided by combustion of the char and gasby-products. Cyclones remove char from theraw pyrolysis products prior to the pyrolysisliquid being condensed by direct contactwith cooled circulating pyrolysis liquid. Two electrostatic precipitators connected inseries collect all pyrolysis liquid aerosolsfrom the gas stream. The gas, after pressureboosting, is used as fluidising gas for thefast pyrolysis reactor. A recent picture of thepilot plant accompanies this description.
Based on laboratory scale tests carried outby members of the project group, WellmanProcess Engineering have designed,constructed, and cold commissioned theintegrated fluidised bed fast pyrolysis reactorand the associated product recovery systems.The purpose of the pilot plant is to
demonstrate that a goodquality pyrolysis oil can be produced without theneed for additional heatingfuel by a process which isrobust and capable ofcontinuous operation.
Construction
The demonstration plant hasbeen fabricated andassembled in Wellmanassembly shops, Oldbury,England to meet applicableindustrial codes andpractices. Process,mechanical, pneumatic andelectrical installations have
all been completed and the plant has beenpressure tested and cold commissioned.Instrument calibration, and logic testing ofthe Siemen’s PLC control and data monitoringsystem has also been performed.
The plant has been built as five moduleswith each key process step contained on aseparate skid. This provides flexibilityenabling process stages to be modifiedenabling alternative biomass feedstocks tobe tested at a later date. In addition, shouldthe need arise, the modular design enablesthe complete plant to be transported to analternative location for further projectevaluations/demonstrations.
Approvals
A Hazard and Operability study as well as aRisk Assessment for the plant has beencarried out to implement safe operation andmaintenance procedures. Under the UKEnvironmental Protection Act 1990 thepyrolysis of carbonaceous materials is aprescribed process. Wellman have applied for and been awarded approval from the Environmental Agency to operate thepilot plant. Under this act the pyrolysisprocess as a whole must be justified as the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO). The renewable nature ofwood and hence it’s use as a “carbon dioxide
neutral” fuel is a significant advantage inthis respect. An operating permit is issuedonly after a comprehensive appraisal of thecomplete process and a risk assessment oftraining and operating procedures has beensatisfactorily carried out. The application forapproval also involves a justification for allkey process steps with particular emphasison the abatement and monitoring ofemissions using Best Available TechniquesNot Entailing Excessive Cost (BATNEEC).Additionally, approval to operate the planthas been obtained and granted from theHealth & Safety Executive (HSE), the localwater authority and the local council.
Operation
Hot commissioning of the demonstrationplant is taking place and will be followed byan operating campaign to convert 45 tonnesof wood into pyrolysis oil. The product oilwill be subjected to analysis andcharacterisation and utilised by OrmrodDiesels to fuel a modified diesel engine.
The Wellman Group of companies
Wellman Process Engineering is a whollyowned subsidiary of the Wellman Group.Wellman Group comprises five UK basedengineering companies specialising inthermal and process engineering, eachproviding design and manufacturingexcellence in its field.
For further information contact:
Mr Richard McLellanWellman Process Engineering LtdFurnace GreenDudley RoadOldburyWest MidlandsB69 3DLUK
Tel: +44 121 601 3000Direct +44 121 601 3221
Fax: +44 121 601 3123Email: richard.mclellan
@wellman.process.co.uk
Wellman integratedfast pyrolysis pilot plantBy Richard McLellan, Wellman Process Engineering, UK
The project
Wellman Process Engineering is about to start up an advanced fast pyrolysisreactor designed to process 250kg/h of wood. Funding assistance for theproject has been provided through an EU Contract (JOR-CT97-0197)The contract is being carried out in a consortium with Aston University,The Institute of Wood Chemistry in Hamburg, Biomass Technology Group,KARA Energy Systems and Ormrod Diesels.
Figure 1: 250 kg/h pilot plant atWellman Process engineering.
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There were clear differences incombustibility and in particular in emissionsfor different oil grades. The most importantparameters for pyrolysis oil combustion areviscosity, water and particulates content,amount of methanol addition, bio-oil rawmaterial and bio-oil age. There are cleardifferences in combustion between good andpoor oils. Modifications to the burner andboiler improve the combustion result butcannot help much if the oil quality is poor.
When optimising combustion conditions forthe test oils, the following effects of oilquality were found:
• feedstock and/or pyrolysis processyields various reactivities of oilcomponents, which may causeblockages in the feed line.
• oil age and/or inhomogeneity givesuneven combustion.
• methanol addition homogenisespoor-quality pyrolysis oil andimproves its combustion.
• solids content affects mainly theamount of incombustibles.
• an increase in water content reducesNOx emissions and increases particleand soot emissions.
Concerning equipment modifications andadjustments, the following factors improvedcombustion and flame:
In addition to the characteristics of pyrolysis oils and burner settings, differentfurnace constructions were compared in the test runs. By insulating the front of thefurnace, the mean temperature levels of theflame were increased and hence combustionwas improved.
RESULTS
The main results of the combustion tests are:
• Pyrolysis oils can be burned relatively well in conventional furnacesand boilers. Boilers and oil burnersmay require small modifications or additions. The flame is larger andcombustion takes a longer time thanwith mineral oils.
• Handling and pumping of pyrolysis oil should be performed according to exact recommendations ofequipment providers.
• Support fuel is required at the start of combustion and possibly inthe combustion of pyrolysis oil of poor quality to maintain good andstable combustion.
• The nozzles should be kept cleanand in good condition. Extra coolingair for the nozzle could be usefulduring combustion.
• Emissions from combustion are ingeneral between those from light fueloil and the lightest heavy oil, but theparticulate content is higher. There areno SOx and net CO2 emissions.
Pyrolysis oilcombustion testsin an industrial boilerBy Anja Oasmaa, VTT Energy, Finlandand Matti Kytö, Oilon Oy, Finland
Combustion Tests
The combustion properties of various pyrolysis oils derived from biomasshave been studied at Oilon´s R&D Centre in Lahti, Finland. Oilon is thebiggest burner manufacturer in Finland and is interested in boilerapplications in the burner size class of 350 kW – 45 MW. The dimensions,operating parameters and characteristics of pyrolysis oils were testedand compared, and emissions were measured for each test.
Figure 1: Picture of the test boiler at Oilon R&D Centre.
• Quality specifications should bedefined for pyrolysis oil, especiallywater and solids contents.The viscosity range is significant for good atomisation. The quality of pyrolysis oil has a strong effect on emissions. A high solids content in pyrolysis oil yields high particulateemissions, hence solids removal from pyrolysis vapours or oil is highly recommended. High (above 30wt%) water contents also give highparticulate emissions. These emissionscan be reduced to a certain extent by using a support fuel and optimizingthe atomization viscosity. Methanol addition (up to a maximumof 10 wt%) homogenizes inferiorquality oils and decreases particulate emissions. The costs formethanol addition and oil combustionin a commercial boiler are mostprobably lower than those ofincinerating poor-quality oil in aspecial incineration plant for hazardous wastes.
• Further research is required on combustion properties of different commercial pyrolysis oils in order to identify the reasons for emission behaviour, nozzle blockages and related phenomena.
For further information contact
Ms Anja OasmaaVTT EnergyPO Box 160102044 VTTFinland
This code is valid for pyrolysis liquidscontaining less than 10 wt% acetic acid. A separate classification is required forliquids with an acetic acid content higherthan this, although to date, no fast pyrolysisliquids have been reported with a contenthigher than 5wt%.
Label Requirements forFast Pyrolysis Liquids
All packages of any size should be clearlymarked with the following information bothon the sample and on the relevanttransportation documents. A set of MaterialSafety Data Sheets (MSDS) must alsoaccompany any samples.
Transportrequirements for fastpyrolysis liquidsBy Cordner Peacocke, CARE Ltd, UK
Introduction
As demand for fast pyrolysis liquid increases, it is important that it istransported in a safe and environmentally secure manner. The appropriatenational and international regulations need to be met and it is likely thatfast pyrolysis liquid will be classed as a ‘’dangerous’’ or a ‘’hazardous’’substance for transportation purposes. Pyrolysis liquids are not listed on the UN approved carriage lists, therefore its own classification has been determined. The classification derived is: UN 1993 Flammable Liquid, n.o.s., (pyrolysis liquid), 3, 1º(a), 2º(a), 1
Table 1 Label information for packages
UN symbol: Substance Name of Hazard Label Class and ItemIdentification Substance Identification Model Nos. NumberNo. No.
Class 3 Flammable Liquid Class 6 Toxic substances Store this way upLabel 3 Label 6.1 Label 11
Figure 1: Packaging labels. All should be used on all shipments.
33X1993Figure 2: Placard for transportation
in containers and bulk carriage.
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Table 2 Label sizes for shipments
Capacity of Package Dimensions of label
Not exceeding 3 litres if possible at least 52 x 74 mm
Exceeding 3 litres but not exceeding 50 litres at least 74 x 105 mm
Exceeding 50 litres but not 500 litres at least 105 x 148 mm
Exceeding 500 litres at least 148 x 210 mm
Exceeding 3000 litres at least 250 x 250 mm
If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions of the label may be reduced,if they remain clearly visible.
Figure 1: Rebuilding an engine at Ormrod.
Substance Identification No. Name of Substance Hazard Identification No.[Lower part] [Upper part]
1993 Flammable Liquid 33X[Fast Pyrolysis Liquid]
References
United Nations Recommendations on theTransport of Dangerous Goods Model
Regulations, 11th Revised Edition, ISBN 92-1-139067-2, January 2000.
G.V.C. Peacocke and A.V. Bridgwater, ‘’Transport,handling and storage of biomass derived fast
pyrolysis liquid’’, paper presented at Progress inThermochemical Biomass Conversion, Tyrol,
September 2000, proceedings to be publishedby Blackwell, 2001
Conversion And Resource Evaluation Ltd.,“Transport, handling and storage of biomass
derived fast pyrolysis liquid’’, report to bepublished by PyNe Network early in 2001
Acknowledgements
CARE Ltd. would like to thank the PyNe Activity for funding this work.
For further information contact:
Dr Cordner PeacockeConversion And Resource Evaluation Ltd.9 Myrtle House5 Cassowary RoadBirminghamB20 1NEUK
Three cylinders of the six cylinder 250 kWeengine has been modified to run on a upto 95% bio-oil using diesel as a pilot fuelto initiate combustion. There is a well-defined and automated start-up procedurewhereby the engine is started on 100%diesel fuel and transferred to bio-oil in themain injector when the engine is hot.
Emission testing has shown that apartfrom NOx, all other emissions are belowthose normally obtained with diesel.
The engine has now been operated entirelyon a bio-oil feed using 5% diesel pilotfuel, with no fuel going to the un-modifiedthree cylinders. This important milestone
has provided confidence for a detailedproposal to install a 9 MWe bio-oil fuelled engine.
For further information contact:
Mr Derek OrmrodOrmrod DieselsPower Station Engineering DivisionUnit 4 – Peel Industrial EstatePeel Road, West PimboSkelmersdaleWN8 9PTUK
Progress in utilisation ofbio-oil in diesel enginesBy D Ormrod and A Webster, Ormrod Diesels, UK
More than 400 hours of operation have now been achieved on the modified dual fueldiesel engine at Ormrod Diesels. Both bio-oil from a number of sources in Europe andNorth America have been tested and evaluated as well as more limited trials on a range of bio-emulsions made from emulsifying bio-oil with diesel from 25 to 75% bio-oil (see feature from CSGI on page 8).
IBCs [intermediate bulk Containers] are not suitable for transport, due to the potentiallyhazardous nature of the liquids.
In addition, for tankers, or other large bulk transport, placards are typically used for road andrail transport (Figure 2). The placard dimensions are typically a minimum of 30 cm high by 40cm wide, numerals to be a minimum of 10 cm high. The requisite codes for a placard is:
Placard for large quantities [> 500 l] is shown below, with the correct transportation codes:
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Energy Prices and Taxes 1999Average prices over full year,except † part year only, *1998, **1997
All liquid fuel prices in Euro/1000l
All gas and electricity prices inEuro/100kWh (or c/kWh), gas on GCV basis
All currency conversions based on exchangerates only: 1 Euro = 1.065 US$, 1.955 DM
Principal source: IEA Energy Pricesand Taxes, 4th Quarter 1999(ISBN 92-64-17493-1)
Brazil omitted as no data available
Heavy fuel oil is low sulphur, except Canada, Ireland, UK and US (high sulphur). Heavy fuel oil density 0.96 kg/l
AustriaBelgiumCanadaDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyJapanNetherlandsNorwayPortugalSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUnited States
Country Electricity (Industry) Electricity (Domestic)ex-tax tax total ex-tax tax total
Electricity
AustriaBelgiumCanadaDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyJapanNetherlandsNorwayPortugalSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUnited States
1.20*1.00**
0.87
1.26**
1.341.04†
0.73†
1.06
1.710.83†
0.16
0.18**
0.13†
0.07†
0.02
1.20*1.00**0.64†
1.031.091.45**
1.341.17†
0.80†
1.06
1.740.83†0.92
2.302.50*
2.270.872.572.58**
2.852.88*
1.78†
3.30
3.072.47
0.880.67*
3.010.390.530.60**
0.362.45*
0.96†
0.58
0.250.12
3.173.17*1.50†5.281.263.103.18**
3.205.33*
2.74†
3.88
3.332.592.08
Country Natural Gas (Industry) Natural Gas (Domestic)ex-tax tax total ex-tax tax total
Gas
Prices for Natural Gas
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
industry domestic
Prices for Electricity
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
industry domestic
Energy &TaxesPrices
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1999
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Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Liquid
Feed to a Stirling Enginewith FLOX® BurnerBy Andreas Bandi, ZSW, Stuttgart, Germany
German Emission Standards for diesel engine up to 5 Mwe:NOx: 500 mg/m3; CO: 650 mg/m3: HC: 100 mg/m3; Soot number: 2
Table 2: Characteristic properties of the DynaMotive BCO used in experiments.
Table 1. Emission measurements at different BCO flow rate.
Feedstock Pine
Density, g/cm3 1.188 – 1.191
Ash, % 0.02
Carbon, % 46.24 – 47.07
Hydrogen, % 6.81 – 7.09
Nitrogen, % < 0.1
Sulphur, % < 0.1
Oxygen, % 46.95 – 45.84
Flash point, 0C 44 – 55
Pour point, 0C -27 to -24
pH 2.2 – 2.4
4.40
6.64
7.85
7.95
2.5
2.0
3.0
5.0
0.07-0.09 20-40
58
95
94
20
100
125
35
37
8
13
15
14
3.1
5.4
6.1
6.2
BCOflowI/h
At. airpress.,
bar
QthkWth
Pel,
kWe
Emissions
Sootnumber
HCmg/m3
NOxmg/m3
COmg/m3
H2O, % 24.1 – 24.4
Char content, % 0.31 – 0.37
Particle size of char, um 8.3 – 8.4
Absolute viscosity, centipoise (cP) < 100
Kinematic viscosity,
centistokes (cSt):
200C 53.3 – 61.6
500C 11.6 – 18.0
Higher heating value, MJ/kg 16.5 – 16.8
Lower heating value, MJ/kg 15.0 –15.3
In the frame of an EU-project (JOR3-CT98-0310, co-ordinator: CRES), in closecollaboration with industry partners, SOLOand WS, Germany, ZSW has beeninvestigating the use of fast pyrolysis liquidsin a Stirling CHP unit. A propane burner wasmodified with an atomiser designed speciallyfor pyrolysis liquids and attached to a SOLOStirling engine 161 (4-9 kWe, 10-25 kWth).The atomisation quality was controlled bythe atomising air pressure and a droplet sizeof 10-40 µm was estimated when using 2-5bar atomisation and a liquid flow of up to10 l/h. A typical pyrolysis liquid spray coneof the atomiser is shown in Figure 1.
The Stirling tests proved that pyrolysisliquids can be efficiently burned in FLOX®mode with low emissions. The special featureof FLOX® (Flame-less Oxidation) is thatabove 850°C, the thermal NOx is drasticallylowered by mixing combustion air andexhaust gas, avoiding temperature peaks ofa flame. FLOX® has an additional advantagefor burning of pyrolysis liquids because theresidence time of the fuel in the burningchamber is higher than in normal burning,and thus more efficient carbon burnoutbecomes possible. Figure 2 shows themodified burner, atomisation system andcombustion chamber for FLOX(®) burning.Figure 3 shows the FLOX(®) burningchamber heated with pyrolysis liquid.
Emission measurement results are shown inTable 1. Some characteristic properties ofthe pyrolysis liquid used in the experimentsare shown in Table 2.
For further information contact:
Dr Andreas BandiZSWHessbruehlstr. 21CD-70565StuttgartGermany
Figure 1: Typical spray cone with pyrolysisliquid (nozzle hole diameter 0.8mm; airpressure 2 bar and liquid flow 8 1/h).
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Progress In ThermochemicalBiomass Conversion ConferenceThe Progress In Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Conference (PITBC) was held in Tyrol, Austria from17 to 22 September 2000. It was the fifth in the series of these meetings organised by Tony Bridgwater.
The conference covered all aspects ofthermal biomass conversion systems fromfundamental research through appliedresearch and development to demonstrationand commercial applications reflecting theprogress made in the last four years. The technical programme included formal presentations, posters, workshops and discussions. A wide range of papers were offered and they were grouped intothree main topics:
• Combustion.• Gasification.• Pyrolysis.
126 papers were presented at the conferenceas oral presentations or posters. There were165 delegates from 29 countries around theworld representing the majority of the majorresearchers in biomass combustion,gasification and pyrolysis.
The Scientific Committee forthe conference.
Ton Beenackers presenting the prize for thebest poster at the conference to Dr RalphStahl representing his co-authors E Henrich,E Dinjus and S Rumpel. The poster wasentitled “ A two stage pyrolysis/gasificationprocess for herbaceous waste biomassfrom agriculture.
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Pyrolysis attracted the most interest with40% of the papers. These ranged fromfundamental studies on mechanisms andmodelling through a wide range of papersdescribing research in fast pyrolysistechnology and in applications, to the latestdevelopments in pilot plant activities.
All the papers have been peer reviewed andthe proceedings will be published byBlackwell Science early in 2001.
Josef Spitzer of Joanneum Research and Chairman of IEA Bioenergy,with the conference chair.
Kyriakos Maniatis, Vice Chairman of IEABioenergy and Operating Agent for PyNe.
Ralph Overend of NREL presenting his visionfor thermochemical biomass conversion inthe opening address.
Tony Bridgwater proudly displaying hiscongratulatory plaque from the PITBCScientific Committee and members of PyNein appreciation of his contribution toThermal Biomass Conversion.
PITBC was sponsored by:
• IEA Bioenergy.• Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport.• Innovation and Technology.• Austrian Federal Ministry of
Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management.
• Natural Resources Canada.• Department of Trade and Industry, UK.• VTT – Technical Research Centre
of Finland.• PyNe.
Summary ReportBy Dietrich Meier, Institute for Wood Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Wood, Hamburg, Germany
Kinetics & Mechanisms
Pyrolysis behaviour and kinetics of biomassFisher, T., Waymack, Hajaligol, M, Kellogg, D. Philip Morris Inc. Research Centre, Richmond,VA, USA
Investigations of the pyrolysis of biomass bythermogravimetric analysis and differentialscanning calorimetryStenseng, M, Jensen, Johansen K.D., Department Chemical Engineering, TechnicalUniversity of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Studies on kinetics of cellulose fast pyrolysisVisintin, V., Rizzardi, S., Canu, P. Istituto di Impianti Chimici, Universitiy ofPadova, Italy
An investigation of the volatility of primarypyrolysis tar from biomass and biomass-derived materialsOja, V., Hajaligol, M., Philip Morris Inc.Research Center, Richmond, VA, USA
Thermokinetic investigation of the cellulose pyrolysis – impact of final mass on kinetic resultsVölker, S., *Riekmann, Th., +Klose, W., University of Kassel, Inst. of ThermalEngineering, Kassel, Germany, *Univ. of Appl. Sci. Cologne, Germany
Wood pyrolysis in the formed layerPialkin, V.N., Tsyganov, E.A., Yagodin, V.I.,Tchalova, A.V., Serguta, A.M., St. Petersburg State Forest TechnicalAcademy, Russia
Pyrolysis mechanisms of lignin modelcompounds: flash vacuum pyrolysis ofmethoxy-substituted aromaticsBritt, P.F., Buchanan, A.C, Cooney, M.J.,Martineau, D.R., Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
Aromatic hydrocarbons formation fromplant materials part 1: tar pyrolysis, part II:char pyrolysisKellogg, D., Waymack, B., Hajaligo, M., Philip Morris Inc. Research Center, Richmond,VA, USA
Pyrolysis with Steam
The aqueous pyrolysis of dimeric ligninmodel compoundsDrage, T.C:, Abbott, G.D., Fossil Fuel and Environmental Geochemistry,The University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
The influence of biomass type and reactionconditions on the product composition inclosed, aqueous pyrolysisBarth, T. Borgund, A.E., Department ofChemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
Steam-pyrolysis of olive cakes: preparationof a new activated carbon Bacaoui, A.,Chemical Dept., University of Morocco.Marrakesh, Morocco
Analysis & Characterization
Structural characterization of naturalproducts such as shellac resins, lipids inzooplanktons, silk, and lignin in woods bymeans of pyrolysis-GCTsuge, S., Nagoya University, Japan
Characterization of the water-insolublefraction from fast pyrolysis liquids (pyrolyticlignin): Py-GC/MS, GPC, and 13C-NMRScholze, B., Hanser, Ch. D. Meier,Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products,Institute for Wood Chemistry and ChemicalTechnology of Wood, Hamburg, Germany
Method Development
Development of a TG-MS method formonitoring the thermal degradation productsof forest fuelsPappa, A., Kyriakou, S., Sianos, S.,Statheropoulos National Technical Universityof Athens, Greece
Py-GC/MS analysis of cellulose derivativeswith and without TMAHSchwarzinger, B., Tanczos, I., Schmidt, H., Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
Chars
Characterization of chars from biomass-derived materialsSharma, R. K., Hajaligol, M.R., Wooten, J.B., Philip Morris Research Center,Richmond, VA, USA
Catalysts
The effect of different catalysts ontransformation of clean and mixed biomassesduring hydrous pyrolysisBorgund, A.E., Barth, T., Department ofChemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
Volatile products of catalytic fast pyrolysis ofcellulose+Dobele, G., *Meier, D., *Faix, O., *Radtke,S., +Rossinskaja, G., +Telesheva, G., +Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry,Federal Research Centre for Forestry andForest Products, Latvia*Institute for Wood Chemistry and ChemicalTechnology of Wood, Hamburg, Germany
Influence of Ni/Al coprecipitated catalystpretreatment on gas yields from pyrolysis ofbiomassGarcía, L., Salvador, M.L., Arauzo, J., Bilbao, R., Chemical Engineering & EnvironmentDepartment, University of Zaragoza, Spain
Applications
Stability in the operation of flash-pyrolysisindustrial pilot plantBao, M, Crespo, M.I., Dept. Chem. Eng., University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
For further information contact:
Dr Dietrich MeierBFH-Institute for Wood ChemistryLeuschnerstrasse 91Hamburg D-21031GERMANYTel: +49 40 739 62 517Fax: +49 40 739 62 502 Email: [email protected]
The conference took place at Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, in the CSIC building (Centro de Investigaciónes Científicas Isla de la Cartuja) located in the area of the World Exhibition 1992. The local organizers were Dr. F.J. Gonzáles-Vila and Dr. J.C. del Río. About 170 people from 30 different countries attended the meeting.
14th International Symposium on Analytical andApplied Pyrolysis, April 2-6, 2000, Seville, Spain
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Traditionally, the focal points of these kind meetings have been mechanistic andkinetic investigations using pyrolysis as ananalytical tool. During the last few years thescope has been broadened towardsapplications and environmental aspects.These conferences started in 1965 and arenow held every two years.
The conference had five topics:
• Polymer analysis andthermal decomposition.
• Pyrolysis in geochemistry andenvironmental science.
• Pyrolysis of biological materials.• Pyrolysis mechanisms and kinetics
instrumentation.• Pyrolysis in industrial processes.
There were 42 oral presentations and 129poster presentations. A special issue of theJournal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysiswill be published with papers that areaccepted after reviewing.
The titles and authors of papers and postersdealing with all aspects of biomass pyrolysisare given below. This list shows highlightsand innovations in analytical and appliedpyrolysis of biomass. Abstracts and theaddresses of authors are available on requestfrom the writer of this report.
Diary of EventsInformation compiled by Claire Humphreys, Aston University, UK
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World Sustainable Energy Day 2001Venue: Stadthalle Wels, AustriaDate: 28 February - 2 March 2001Contact: O.Ö. Energiesparverband
WasteTech 2001, 2-nd International TradeFair and Congress on Waste ManagementVenue: Moscow, RussiaDate: 5-8 June 2001Contact: The Exhibition Management
and the Congress SecretariatPO Box 173Moscow 107078, Russia
This conference broadened the content andscope of the traditional biennial EuropeanBio-energy conferences by providing a globalplatform and focus. Over 1000 delegatesfrom over 60 countries enjoyed theopportunity to learn about bio-energyactivities from all over the world. Topics ranged from commercial anddemonstration activities on all aspects ofbiomass conversion and utilisation toconsideration of externalities, socio-economics and policies.
Pyrolysis was well represented with anoverview and a wide range of postersdescribing the most recent developments and was supported with a dedicated workshop.
The proceedings will be published in 2001.
1st World Conferenceand Exhibition on Biomassfor Energy and Industry
For further information contact:
Dr David ChiaramontiETAPiazza Savonarola 10Florence50132Italy
Philippe GirardCirad Forêt Maison de la Technologie73 rue Jean François BretonBP503534032 Montpellier FRANCETel: +33 467 61 44 90Fax: +33 467 61 65 15Email: [email protected]
Germany
Dietrich MeierBFH-Institute for Wood ChemistryLeuschnerstrasse 91D-21031 HamburgGERMANYTel: +49 40 739 62 517Fax: +49 40 739 62 502Email: [email protected]
Colomba Di BlasiUniversitá degli Studi di Napoli‘Federico II’Dipartimento di Ingegneria ChimicaP. le V. Tecchio 80125 NapoliITALYTel: +39 081 768 2232Fax: +39 081 239 1800Email: [email protected]
Morten GronliSINTEF Energy ResearchThermal Energy and Hydropower7034 TrondheimNORWAYTel: +47 73 59 37 25Fax: +47 73 59 28 89Email: [email protected]
Portugal
Filomena PintoINETI-ITE-DTCEdificio JAzinhaga dos LameiroEstrada do Paço do Lumiar1699 Lisboa CodexPORTUGALTel: +351 1 716 52 99Fax: +351 1 716 65 69Email: [email protected]
Spain
Jesus ArauzoUniversidad de ZaragozaChemical & Environmental EngineeringDepartmentCentro Politecnico SuperiorMaría de Luna 3E 50015 ZaragozaSPAINTel: +34 97 676 1878Fax: +34 97 676 1879Email: [email protected]
The PyNe newsletter is published by the Bio-Energy Research Group, Aston University, UK and is sponsored bythe FAIR Programme of the European Commission DGXII and IEA Bioenergy.
For further details or offers to contribute, please contact Claire Humphreys (see inside front cover for details).Any opinions published are those of the contributors and do not reflect any policies of the EC or any other organisation. EoE
