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Issues with the Articles of Confederation: Weak federal government, power rested with the states ...

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Issues with the Articles of Confederation: Weak federal government, power rested with the states Congress could not tax Congress could not regulate trade between the states Congress could not make states obey trade treaties with foreign nations Each state had only one vote No Executive branch No Court system Needed 9 of 13 votes to pass laws
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Issues with the Articles of Confederation:

Weak federal government, power rested with the states

Congress could not tax

Congress could not regulate trade between the states

Congress could not make states obey trade treaties with foreign nations

Each state had only one vote

No Executive branch

No Court system

Needed 9 of 13 votes to pass laws

Needed all 13 state votes to amend

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Shay’s Rebellion

Falling crop prices hurt MA farmers, many of whom fought in Revolutionary War

Farmers wrote to Legislature for lower taxes and no more foreclosures but were ignored

Daniel Shays led hundreds to courthouses to scare bankruptcy judges but rebellion was crushed when small army was sent to restore order

Disorder got many people thinking if this nation was ungovernable under the Articles

1786 - Representatives from five states met in Annapolis, Maryland to discuss trade issues

1787 - Congress invited all 13 states to Philadelphia “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”

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Delegates to the Convention:

55 delegates from 12 states

They had more political experience that any comparable gathering of leaders of any newly independent nation at any time in history

President: George Washington

Delaware: John Dickinson

Virginia: James Madison, Edmund Randolph

South Carolina:Charles Pinckney

Connecticut: Roger Sherman

New York: Alexander Hamilton

New Jersey: William Paterson

Pennsylvania: Ben Franklin, Gouvenor Morris

Rhode Island did not send a representative

“the home of the otherwise minded

Research a delegate

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Debates:

Should representatives in legislature be determined by population or should each state have an equal number of votes

If representation is based on population, how should slaves be counted; as property or people?

How should we elect a chief executive?

How can we keep one branch from getting more powerful than another

What powers should the national government have

What powers should stay with states

Agreed: National Government with 3 branches

THE GREAT COMPROMISE - REPRESENTATION

New Jersey PlanEach state gets an equal number of representatives

Small States planWilliam Paterson

Problem:How should states be

represented in Congress

CompromiseRepresentation in Senate

based on NEW JERSEY plan, Representation in

House based on VIRGINIA plan

two-house legislatureRoger ShermanVirginia Plan

Base representation on population larger states get

more representativesEdmund Randolph

Proposals

Northern Stateshad few slaves

Slaves should not count for representation in the Housebut should count for taxes

Southern Stateshad a large slave population

Slaves should count for representation

in the House but not for taxes

Compromisethree out of every five slaves

would be counted in the population of a state for

representation in the House and for taxes

Three-Fifths Compromise

How do slaves count for population

1. In House of Representatives 2. Direct Taxes to national government

V

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More Issues over Slavery

A. Slave Trade

North

Congress should regulate trade between states and foreign countries

South

Congress might use power to regulate trade to tax their exports and stop slave trade

Commerce Compromise

Congress could regulate trade between states and with foreign countries.

Congress could tax imports but not exports and could not stop slave trade until 1808

B. Runaway Slaves

Could not get freedom by running to a free state. They would be sent back.

Count the words

Article 1Sections 1 - 10

Aricle 2Sections 1 - 4

Article 3Sections 1 - 3

Legislative Branchmakes the LAWS

Executive BranchENFORCES the laws

Judicial BranchJUDGES the laws

Two Houses

Senate

Each statehas 2 reps

N.J.

House of Reps

based onpopulati

onVA

Article 4 - Relations among StatesArticle 5 -Amending the Constitution

Article 6 - National Debts, Supremacy of National Laws, OathsArticle 7 - Ratification

AMENDMENTS

United States Constitution the highest law in the land

Legislative Branch Makes lawsSenate House of

Representatives• 2 elected representative from each state• Must be 30 years old, a citizen for 9 years and live in the state they represent• Serve for six years• V.P is President of Senate• Elects a president-pro-tempore to preside when V.P. is absent

• Number of representatives from each state is based on population, which is why the country has a census every 10 years• Must be 25 years old, a citizen for 7 years, and live in the state they represent• Serve for 2 years• Elects a Speaker as the President of the House

Powers: Checks & Balance:Tax Can override a Presidential veto with 2/3 voteBorrow Money Can impeach or remove a PresidentRegulate Trade with foreign nations and states Can refuse to appoint a presidential nomineeEstablish weights and measures Can refuse to ratify a presidential treatyPunish counterfeitingDeclare WarCreate an army and navy Can refuse to confirm a judicial nomineeEstablish a postal service Can propose a constitutional AmendmentCoin money Can impeach or remove judges

Executive Branch Enforces Laws

President: Vice President: Cabinet 35 years old President of Senate Secretary of State a born citizen Succeeds the President serve a total of 10 yrs Serve a total of 10 yrs Secretary of Defense Electoral College Electoral College Secretary of Treasury

Powers: Checks and BalancesCommander – in – Chief of Military Veto Bills Make Treaties with foreign nations Call Special Session of CongressMakes annual report on the state of the nation once a year Recommend Laws

Appoints cabinet, ambassadors, and Supreme Court Justices Appoints Supreme Court Justices

Grants reprieves or delays punishment of crimes against the U.S. Grants Pardons

Judicial Branch Judges LawsSupreme Court

9 Justices appointed for life

District and Appeals Courts

Powers•Hear cases about Constitution, federal laws, or treaties•Hear cases involving ambassadors, shipping, or disputes • between states•Hear cases of suits brought by citizens against other countries•Hears cases involving Treason

CHECKS & BALANCES• Can declare laws unconstitutional• Can rule that laws of executive acts are unconstitutional• Presides over impeachment trials

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