Istanbul 2008 Olympic Bid Volume 03

3Table des matières Table of Contents

Introduction

Santé / Système sanitaire

Sécurité

Hébergement

Transports

Technologie

Services de la Communication et des Medias

Olympisme et Culture

Garanties

Introduction

Medical/Health Services

Security

Accommodation

Transport

Technology

Communications and Media Services

Olympism and Culture

Guarantees

2

4

2612

11

4413

6214

8415

10216

11417

12618

3Volume Introduction 3

Youth will highlight the Istanbul Olympic Games. The vision of the Youthful Games appears as

a challenge in view of the ancient origins of both the Olympics and the city. Yet, it presents

unmistakable opportunities in terms of the spirit of the Games and Istanbul alike. Olympism is

all about young people and Istanbul is vitally young in its population, as well as in outlook.

Despite the apparent paradox, the celebration of the Youthful Games in Istanbul will highlight

the basic consistency between the spirit of the city and the Olympics. It will provide a fresh

insight into modernity compatible with age.

This volume directly addresses the question of whether or not Istanbul can adjust to the

requirements of staging the Olympic Games without undermining the Games or the city itself

in any way. The answer is affirmative. One is almost forced to recall that the whole history of

the city is one of adjustment, but here reason has primacy over history. The answer is

affirmative because careful assessment and planning will minimise, if not eliminate, any

negative impact on Istanbul or on the Games.

Istanbul has sufficient resources to meet the medical and health service requirements of the

Olympic Games. It has 189 hospitals with a total of 33,821 beds, excluding military hospitals.

Of its five university hospitals, that of the Istanbul University is among the earliest founded in

Europe. Based on planned infrastructure and rates of expected occupancy, more than 10,000

hospitals beds will be available to meet any additional needs of the Olympic Games.

The single management structure of the security organisation will ensure a safe environment

for staging the Games. The Istanbul Directorate of Security, attached to the Ministry of the

Interior, has the experience and human resources to ensure efficient and discrete security.

Furthermore, it will deliver these services at no cost to the IOBC, as confirmed by the Minister

of the Interior.

Istanbul’s accommodation capacity exceeds 51,000 rooms at present and, based on

investment trends, this number will grow by around 20 percent by 2008, irrespective of the

outcome of the city’s bid. The IOBC has already booked more than 6,800 hotel rooms. It

continues to negotiate for more rooms and better rates.

As mentioned in the general introduction, traffic presents a problem in Istanbul, but massive

projects are underway to improve the transport infrastructure of the city. The urban rapid

transit system – comprising the Metro, LRT and commuter rail – a rail tunnel crossing under

the Bosphorus and the third ring road serving the city are due for completion before 2008.

Again, these projects are planned and being implemented irrespective of Istanbul’s candidacy.

In analysing and planning to meet the transport needs for the Olympic Games, the IOBC

benefits from the expert advice of a group of professors at the Istanbul Technical University.

Having contributed to the development of the Istanbul Transport Master Plan, the group

provides key advice on arranging for Games-related transport in accord with overall traffic

management of the city.

Istanbul is a city with a well-developed telecommunications infrastructure in a country with

her own national satellite system. Turkey’s third satellite, Eurasiasat 1, which is one of the most

powerful in Europe, is equipped with 32 high-power Ku-band transponders for broadcast via

two fixed beams and two steerable beams. Furthermore, Istanbul’s central location allows for

live coverage of the Games throughout an extensive region. The IOBC itself plans on providing

excellent media services. It has entered into agreements to set up the IPC/MBC in one of the

main Olympic clusters, the Southern Complex, and the Media Village within three kilometres

of the other, the Olympic Park.

Istanbul proposes to put in very hard work to ensure an easy-going celebration of the Games.

After all, spontaneity only comes with preparedness.

11.1 Système sanitaire11.1.1 Données sanitaires11.1.2 Aperçu général du système médical11.1.3 Prise en charge des frais médicaux11.1.4 Qualité de l’air ambiant11.1.5 Qualité de l’eau11.1.6 Moyens mis en place contre les risques d’épidémie11.1.7 Centres hospitaliers universitaires11.1.8 Législation relative à la pratique de la médecine11.2 Dispositions prévues pour les Jeux11.2.1 Plan d’investissements sanitaires11.2.2 Faisabilité des investissements prévus 11.2.3 Coordination des services d’urgence locaux pendant les

Jeux Olympiques11.2.4 Plans d’évacuation et de secours 11.2.5 Laboratoire de contrôle anti-dopage11.2.6 Hôpitaux de la Famille olympique11.2.7 Recrutement, sélection et formation du personnel de santé11.3 Santé des chevaux11.3.1 Maladies infectieuses dans la population équine11.3.2 Dispositions contre les risques épidémiologiques11.3.3 Contrôle des échantillons prélevés

Health System 11.1

Health Data 11.1.1

Medical System in Outline 11.1.2

Management of Medical Expenses 11.1.3

Ambient Air Quality 11.1.4

Water Quality 11.1.5

Resources Against Epidemiological Risks 11.1.6

Teaching Hospitals 11.1.7

Legislation on the Practice of Medicine 11.1.8

Arrangements Envisaged for the Games 11.2

Planned Investment in Healthcare Facilities 11.2.1

Practicability of Planned Investments 11.2.2

Co-Ordination of Emergency Services with the Games 11.2.3

Evacuation and Assistance Plans 11.2.4

Doping Laboratory 11.2.5

Olympic Family Hospitals 11.2.6

Recruitment, Selection and Training 11.2.7

Equine Health 11.3

Infectious Diseases in the Equine Population 11.3.1

Resources Against Epidemiological Risks 11.3.2

Equine Sample Testing 11.3.3

11 Medical/Health ServiceSanté/Système

sanitaire

3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 7

HEALTH SYSTEM

Health data

a. Vital statistics for the past decade

Basic vital statistics for Turkey for the

last decade are provided herewith in

graphic form.

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1998 15.2 3.1 29.6

1999 14.0 2.7 23.2

Vital statistics (per thousand population)

Birth rate Death rate Infantmortality

Years

Enteritis and other

diarrheal diseases 3.5 4.5 2.4 2.3 1.2 0.1

Malignant neoplasms 27.0 62.8 29.8 61.7 31.9 55.6

Heart diseases 98.6 178.5 111.0 174.9 105.3 159.1

Cerebrovascular diseases 20.0 37.1 16.9 25.8 18.8 22.9

Perinatal mortality 23.1 53.2 19.2 39.2 14.0 23.9

1990Mortality rates forcertain diseases (per 100,000 population)

Such available statistics for Istanbul are as

follows:

b. Morbidity rates for infectious

diseases and mortality rates for

certain diseases

Morbidity rates per 100,000 population

calculated for Turkey and Istanbul over the

past decade for certain infectious diseases

are given below in table form

Years

Amoebicdysentery

Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul TurkeyIstanbul

Local Imported

Bacillarydysentery

Typhoid Paratyphoid Hepatitis A Malaria

1990 9.1 0.2 3.2 1.1 17.5 2.1 0.8 0.2 53.3 44.9 N/A 0.3 1.1

1991 11.7 0.6 2.5 0.9 17.3 1.6 1.5 0.1 37.9 30.5 N/A 0.0 1.4

1992 14.4 0.3 2.9 0.9 19.3 1.3 1.1 0.1 28.7 22.6 N/A 0.0 1.5

1993 17.9 0.2 2.6 0.6 23.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 23.8 12.2 N/A 0.0 3.0

1994 26.9 1.2 3.6 1.1 28.3 1.3 1.3 0.1 45.7 17.9 141.3 0.0 6.0

1995 31.7 0.3 4.4 1.5 34.4 1.3 0.8 0.0 41.2 13.0 134.7 0.0 7.5

1996 29.7 0.7 2.4 0.6 43.2 1.1 0.9 0.1 22.8 6.4 98.3 0.0 8.2

1997 25.1 1.0 2.7 0.3 51.1 1.1 2 0.1 24.5 6.8 56.4 0.0 3.3

1998 37.1 1.2 2.3 0.3 48.4 0.6 1.1 0.0 22.4 6.2 57.7 0.0 3.3

1999 36.7 1.2 1.8 0.2 44.6 0.4 1.5 0.1 22.9 6.8 32.3 0.0 1.9

2000* 25.3 0.5 1.2 0.1 30.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 10.3 2.4 15.9 0.0 1.9

The total number of HIV cases reported

from 1985 to the end of June 2000 is 1,067

for Turkey (119 in 1999, 84 in January-June

2000) and 335 for Istanbul (source: Ministry

of Health). The latest UN estimates sets the

ratio of the adult population (aged 15-49)

living with HIV/AIDS in Turkey, whether or

not having developed symptoms of AIDS

and who are alive at the end of 1999, at 0.01

percent (2,500 persons). (Source:

Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS

and sexually transmitted infections: 2000

Update, UNAIDS/WHO).

Finally, the latest available data series on

incidence of cancer in Turkey per 100,000

population are as follows:

* Till end-October

Source: Ministry of Health (MoH)

Source: MoH

The following statistics on mortality rates

for certain diseases also provide

information on morbidity trends among the

population of Turkey and Istanbul.

Turkey Istanbul

1994Turkey Istanbul

1997Turkey Istanbul

Source: State Institute of Statistics (SIS)

Source: MoH


c. Age distribution

Data on distribution of Turkey’s

population by age groups are shown below in

graph form:

e. Epidemiological problems

Turkey in general and the city of

Istanbul in particular have experienced no

major epidemiological problems over the

past decade.

Medical system in outline

Istanbul shares the nationwide mixed

system of medical services, combining

public and private institutions.

The public medical sector consists of basic

health-care stations and hospitals run by the

Ministry of Health (MoH) on the one hand,

and by the Social Insurance Corporation

(SSK) on the other, along with hospitals

operated by several public institutions, and

the medical faculties of the universities. The

private sector comprises private clinics and

polyclinics, dispensaries, and hospitals.

Preventive and supportive health services

are primarily conducted by the

municipalities, completely free of charge.

At present, the province of Istanbul has

(excluding military health institutions) a total

of 192 hospitals, public and private, with a

total bed capacity of 33,821. Of the present

hospitals, 31 are operated by the MoH and 12

by the SSK; five are university hospitals,

seven are run by other public institutions

and the rest by private bodies, trusts and

minority communities. A total of 160

hospitals, providing 24,104 beds, are

general-purpose. Of the 32 specialised

hospitals, seven are gynaecological

hospitals, six are specialised in cardiology,

thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, three

are psychiatric hospitals, and the remainder

consists of various branches. Overall, 119

hospitals in Istanbul have emergency

The latest age distribution data available

for Istanbul is are follows:

1990 29.7 66.5 3.8

1997 26.5 68.2 5.3

Istanbul

0-14 % 15-64 % 65+ %Years

d. Hospitalisation rate

The latest available statistics for

hospitalisation rates per 100,000 population

in Turkey are provided in graph form.

The steady increase in the hospitalisation

rate (both outpatient and inpatient)

signifies the improved access to hospital

facilities and the widening practice of

seeking professional healthcare.

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Source: SIS

Source: SIS


services and operate a total of 162

ambulances for emergency hospitalisation.

Three military hospitals in Istanbul, each

complete with all medical specialties and

emergency services, provide a total of

2,220 beds.

The Istanbul University has one of the oldest

medical schools in Europe, and its hospitals

are equipped to perform all kinds of surgical

operations (including transplants). For a

detailed list of departments of Istanbul’s

teaching hospitals, please refer to paragraph

11.1.7, below.

In addition, the MoH operates a total of 213

basic health-care stations, 19 neighbourhood

polyclinics, and 34 mother-and-child care

centres throughout the province of Istanbul.

The province has a total of 25 tuberculosis

dispensaries and 24 general-purpose

dispensaries run by the SSK. Polyclinics

operated by private bodies number 186

throughout the province. The Red Crescent

also operates a total of 20 polyclinics.

Geographical distribution of Istanbul’s

hospitals, basic health-care stations, and

private polyclinics, in terms of their

proximity to various olympic sites, are

shown in table form.

Publichospitals

AreaPrivate

hospitals

Basichealth-care

stations

Privatepolyclinics

Main Competition Sites (Olympic

Parc & the Southern Complex) 10 58 69 55

ENKA (‹stinye) 3 - 6 4

Klassis Equestrian Club (Silivri) 2 4 30 15

Main Hotel Area-1/Taksim 8 22 13 35

Main Hotel Area-2/Old City 10 14 8 15

Asian side of the city 25 36 87 62

TOTAL 58 134 213 186

Istanbul’s hospitals serve their patients with

a total of 22 magnetic resonance (MR)

imagers, 60 computerised tomographers,

65 Doppler ultrasound systems, and 23

three-dimensional USG systems.

Furthermore, 214 private radiological

laboratories and 20 nuclear medicine

centres are currently operational in the city.

There are two public emergency first aid and

rescue systems operating in Istanbul, one

controlled by the MoH, and the other by the

Greater Istanbul Municipality. Both services

are supported by a network of 37

emergency stations and equipped with total

of 49 ambulances. All are located at

convenient sites throughout the city. Upon

call-out, such stations immediately dispatch

one or more fully staffed and equipped

ambulances to the incident site. If on the

spot treatment proves impractical, the

patients – at the discretion of the authorised

staff – are swiftly transported either to the

respective emergency station, to a trauma

and emergency surgery centre or to the

nearest private or public hospital providing

an emergency service.

Each emergency station houses a box

polyclinic and two resuscitation units, with a

staff of five physicians and sufficient nurses

to provide procedures such as ECG

monitoring, tracheotomy, blood transfusion,

etc. In addition, trauma and emergency

surgery centres provide 20 beds, two

resuscitation rooms, and two operating

theatres.

Further to these facilities, a dozen of the

private emergency first-aid services in

Istanbul operate a total of 53 ambulances.

In summation, the number of ambulances

serving the population of Istanbul is 264.

The total number of physicians employed

in Istanbul’s 192 currently operating

hospitals is 11,580, of whom 7,451 are

specialists and the remainder general

practitioners. University hospitals employ

2,346 physicians (1,399 specialists), and

the other 21 teaching hospitals are served

by 5,118 physicians (2,324 specialists.)

Further to this, the total number of

physicians working in Istanbul, including

those running their own private clinics or

who are employed in public or private

polyclinics, is 15,907, of whom 8,797 are

specialists.


Overall, in Istanbul there is one physician

for every 648 persons living in the province,

against a national average of 907 persons.

In addition, a total of 4,157 medical dentists

work in the province. Other health

personnel employed in Istanbul are as

follows: 9,777 registered nurses, 2,952

sanitarians, and 3,096 midwifes.

Management of medical

expenses

Public funding of medical care is

provided throughout Turkey by three social

security organisations, each guaranteeing

free medical consultation and treatment

for their respective premium-paying

members in authorised public institutions.

When necessary, they compensate any

medical expenses incurred elsewhere.

These three social security organisations are:

● The Turkish Pension Fund (Emekli

Sand›¤› - ES), compulsory pension

and health insurance system for civil

service employees and their

dependents;

●the above-mentioned SSK, the

counterpart of the ES for private

sector employees; and

●the Social Insurance Corporation for

the Self-employed (Ba¤-Kur), a

voluntary savings bank for self-

employed persons.

The resources of the ES and SSK also

include compulsory contributions from the

government and private sector employers.

Finally, in state-run hospitals there is a

"green card" scheme which provides

completely free-of-charge medical care for

card-holding persons certified by competent

authorities to live below a certain "poverty

line" and who are not covered by any of the

three social security organisations.

Istanbul leads the whole country in the

extent of coverage provided by the voluntary

individual health insurance network.

At present, Turkey has bilateral health

coverage agreements with five European

countries; Austria, Belgium, France,

Germany, and the Netherlands. Such

agreements ensure citizens of these

countries who hold valid health coverage

policies from their national social security

institutions equal access with Turkish

citizens to free-of-charge healthcare

services in hospitals of the SSK.

In general, visiting foreigners whose private

health insurance policies cover risks

occurred in other countries are entitled to

benefit from free-of-charge medical care

during their visit to Turkey, generally by way

of reimbursement and subject to respective

policy clauses. Payments to private clinics

and hospitals can sometimes be refunded

immediately, though reimbursement can be

slower, depending on the individual’s

insurance coverage.

If the 2008 Olympic Games are held in

Istanbul, all accredited Olympic Family

members will have free access to all forms

of health services available in the country

and the cost will be covered by the Istanbul

OCOG throughout the period of the Games.

The insurance plan will include indemnity

for death and disablement caused by an

accident, and will also cover spectators,

provided that they hold valid tickets for the

day the accident occurred.

Ambient air quality

Istanbul’s air quality is monitored by

means of ten mobile ISO 9001 registered

analysers.

Data compiled by these analysers on the

average concentration of five basic types

of air pollutants in Istanbul for the month

of July (the proposed period of the Games)

over the last five years are provided below

in table form. There were no significant

differences in air pollution data observed

between different parts of Istanbul or

Olympic sub-sites during the period

proposed for the 2008 Olympic Games.

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SO2 concentration (µg/m3) Particulate matter

Testing method: concentration (µg/m3)

July UV fluorescent (automatic) Testing method:

Long term limit value: Beta gauge (automatic)

150 µg/m3 Long term limit value:

150 µg/m3

Monthly Min Max Monthly Min Max

average average

1996 18 6 49 37 14 83

1997 11 2 30 23 2 100

1998 12 3 33 50 33 92

1999 7 2 27 48 32 71

2000 20 2 63 64 26 148


For sulphur dioxide, particulate matter,

ozone, and carbon monoxide, maximum

levels of concentration observed during

the month of July have all remained below

respective long term limit values set by the

World Health Organisation. The maximum

level exceeded the long-term limit value in

the case of nitrogen dioxide in July 1998

(for nine days) and July 1999 (for three

days), but still remained below the short-

term limit value (300 µg/m3).

O3 concentration NO2 concentration CO concentration

(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Testing method: Testing method: Testing method:

UV photometry Chemoluminescence IR absorption

(automatic) (automatic) (automatic)

Long term limit Long term limit Long term limit

value: 150 µg/m3 value: 150 µg/m3 value: 150 µg/m3

Monthly Min Max Monthly Min Max Monthly Min Max

average average average

1996 46 27 69 43 21 92 22 20 656

1997 34 16 53 47 24 78 350 310 375

1998 n/a n/a n/a 89 58 158 608 240 1052

1999 24 8 49 56 26 163 391 256 553

2000 n/a n/a n/a 51 20 85 1178 21 3092

Source: Department of Environmental Protection of the Greater Istanbul Municipality

July

Water quality

Water quality data from two major

reservoirs in Istanbul (the Ka¤›thane and

Büyük Çekmece reservoirs) for the past

five years is included in the accompanying

table. Indicators confirm that Istanbul’s

drinking (tap) water is of good quality.

Decreasing levels of free chloride (from 2

mg/l for Ka¤›thane and 2.5 mg/l for Büyük

Çekmece in 1995 to 1 mg/l for both

reservoirs in 2000) reflects a shift from

chlorination, conducted by the Water and

Sewage Authority as a method of

disinfecting water, to more advanced

methods such as ozonification.

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Analysis performed Sampling point: Ka¤›thane Sampling point: Büyük Çekmece

1995 2000 1995 2000

Physical analyses

pH 7.02 7.38 7.37 7.77

Turbidity NTU 1.56 0.91 1.28 0.99

Conductivity umho/cm 464 350 743 605

T. Free Chloride mg/l 2.00 1.00 2.50 1.00

Colour mg/l Pt 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5

Chemical analyses

T. Hardness mg/l CaCO3 174 148 232 204

P. Alkalinity mg/l CaCO3 0 0 0 0

M. Alkalinity mg/l CaCO3 93 104 130 107

T. Alkalinity mg/l CaCO3 93 104 130 107

Bicarbonate mg/l 113 127 159 131

Sulfate mg/l 70 37 90 94

Chloride mg/l 64 35 128 85

Ammonia-N mg/l 0.00 <0.05 0.00 <0.05

Nitrate mg/l 1.7 0.8 <0.05 <0.5

Calcium mg/l 55.2 43.2 68.0 49.6

Magnesium mg/l 8.7 9.7 15.1 19.4

T.Iron mg/l 0.06 <0.04 0.05 <0.04

T. Organic matter mg/l 02 3.2 2.5 4.1 2.4

Bacteriological analysis

T.ColBacteria MPN/100ml 0 0 0 0

Source: Istanbul Water and Sewage Authority attached to the Greater Istanbul Municipality

Resources against

epidemiological risks

Current Turkish legislation prescribes

that all the necessary resources required to

counter epidemiological risks and incidents

be mobilised via the Special Fund of the

MoH, upon the decision of the relevant

gubernatorial Board of Public Health.

Responsibility for controlling

epidemiological risks rests with the

provincial administrations of the Ministries

of Health, Industrial Relations, Public Works

and Settlement, National Defence, and

Communications, the municipalities of each

locality, and the elected headpersons of

neighbourhoods, under the co-ordination of

the Office of the Governor. The Ministry of

Agriculture is responsible for the control of

imported foodstuffs that might carry

epidemics. In addition, the Foreign Ministry

is entrusted with the responsibility for

monitoring risks emanating from foreign

countries, and for taking necessary action

vis à vis such countries.

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To control basic epidemiological risks, the

MoH provides nationwide free-of-charge

vaccination of school children against

tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria, whooping

cough, tetanus, polio, and hepatitis-B. Over

the past two years, no single case of polio was

reported in the country. The MoH also applies

active surveillance of malaria cases, which

has resulted in an impressive decline in the

incidence of malaria over the five past years

(see paragraph 11.1. above), and nationwide

scanning of tuberculosis. Disinfection of all

drinking (tap) water resources and regular

examination of foodstuffs served in eating

and drinking places by local government

bodies, under the supervision of the MoH,

helps reduce the risk of epidemics

transmitted by ingestion. All persons

employed in food manufacturing and food

service industries pass through regular

medical examinations four times a year.

Teaching hospitals

A list of Istanbul's teaching hospitals

and their existing medical departments is

provided herewith in table form.

The hospitals of Istanbul and Marmara

universities have sports medicine and

sports physiology departments, and both

universities also run schools of Physical

Education and Sports. In neighbouring

provinces, the Uluda¤ University hospital in

Bursa has a sports medicine department,

and the Abant ‹zzet Baysal University in

Bolu has a School of Physical Education and

Sports as well as a department of sports

physiology.

Besides the above-mentioned teaching

hospitals, the Florence Nightingale

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Bak›rköy Gynecological H. (SSK)

Bak›rköy Psychiatric Hospital

Cardiological Institute of Istanbul Univ.

Cerrahpafla University Hospital

Dr. Lütfi K›rdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital

Dr. Sadi Konuk Bak›rköy Hospital

Erenköy Hospital

Göztepe Hospital (SSK)

Gureba Foundation Hospital

Haseki Hospital

Haydarpafla Numune Hospital

Institute of Oncology of Istanbul Univ.

Istanbul Hospital (SSK)

Istanbul University Hospital

Kofluyolu Cardiac Research Hospital

Marmara University Hospital

Okmeydan› Hospital (SSK)

Prof Dr. N. Reflat Belger Beyo¤lu Hospital

S. Ersek H. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular

Sanatorium of Halki (Heybeliada)

Süleymaniye Gynaecological Hospital

Süreyyapafla Sanatorium (SSK)

fiiflli Etfal Hospital

Taksim Hospital

Yedikule Thoracic Surgery Hospital

Z. Kamil Gynaecological and Children's H.


Hospital, the International Hospital, and

the Ac›badem Hospital in Kad›köy (all three

private institutions proposed as Olympic

Family hospitals) also operate sports

medicine departments.

Legislation on the practice of

medicine

The practice of medicine in Turkey is

regulated by several laws, and by more

than 30 specific regulations and statutes.

This body of legislation requires that any

medical practitioner must have

successfully completed a six-year term of

basic medical education at authorised

Turkish faculties of medicine (or at

faculties abroad recognised as equivalents

by the Turkish MoH), and hold a diploma

certifying this. In order for any such

practitioner to qualify as a specialist in a

particular field of medicine they must pass

an extremely competitive Examination for

the Selection of Candidates for Medical

Specialisation, before undergoing

specialist training in their respective field.

Physicians who remain in general practice

serve primarily in the first (basic) tier of

medical institutions attached to the

Ministries of Health and Industrial

Relations and other public agencies, or in

private health institutions and health

services. The majority of specialists, on the

other hand, are employed in public and

private hospitals and polyclinics, while a

considerable number run their own private

clinics. Training and certification in

paramedical disciplines, such as pharmacy,

dentistry, physiotherapy, medical

attendance, health management and

health technology are provided at separate

faculties or at colleges affiliated with

faculties of medicine.

In the event that Istanbul hosts the 2008

Olympic Games, all medical personnel

accompanying national teams will be

provided work permits allowing them to

fulfil their Olympic functions in Turkey for

the duration of the Games. For a guarantee

to this effect from the Minister of the

Interior of Turkey, please refer to Theme 18,

Ref. 18.7.

ARRANGEMENTS

ENVISAGED FOR THE

GAMES

Planned investment in

healthcare facilities

The MoH’s currently ongoing projects

will provide Istanbul in the coming years

with 22 new hospitals, with a total bed

capacity of 2,860.

Turkey’s Eighth Five-Year Development

Plan for the period 2001 – 2005, prepared

by the State Planning Organisation and

granted the force of law by a ruling of the

Grand National Assembly in June 2000,

has set the target of a nationwide annual

increase of 1.6 percent in the number of

hospital beds available per 10,000 of the

population for the duration of the plan’s

being in force.

This national target sets a minimum for

Istanbul’s plans for investment in

healthcare facilities. Mere compliance with

such a target will increase the number of

hospital beds in Istanbul to 42,679 in 2005

and to 48,170 in 2008, the year of the

Games. The MoH forecasts that the rate of

hospital bed occupancy will increase from

60 percent in 2000 to 75 percent in 2005,

which implies by extrapolation an

occupancy rate of 79 percent in 2008.

Thus, the achievement of the target of

48,170 beds by the Games year will enable

the city to more than amply guarantee the

medical needs of its Olympic guests.

Tentatively, a daily average of 10,116 non-

occupied hospital beds will be available

during the Games to meet any increased

demand for inpatient treatment.

With relation to the above it is considered

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2

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11

1

8

11


that, should Istanbul be chosen to host the

Games, no additional investment in health

facilities would be needed for this specific

purpose.

Practicability of planned

investments

For a guarantee that the plans

described in paragraph 11.2.1 for

investments in healthcare facilities in

Istanbul are both fully practicable and

compatible with the harmonious

development of the city, the region of

Marmara where the city is located, and the

country as a whole, please refer to theme

18, ref. 18.21.

Co-ordination of local

emergency services with the

Olympic Games

Istanbul’s usual emergency first-aid

and rescue systems described under

paragraph 11.1.2 above is totally compatible

with the health-related arrangements the

IOBC envisages for the Games period. A

Medical Co-ordination Centre located at

the Olympic Park will be in charge of

controlling first aid, transport and

emergency services for all venues. This

important task will be backed up by

personnel to be recruited and trained by

the Istanbul OCOG’s Medical Department

during the years leading up to the Games

period (see paragraph 11.2.7 below).

Evacuation and assistance

plans

Istanbul’s existing natural disaster

management plans put rescue, evacuation

and assistance operations under the

exclusive responsibility of a Disaster

Management Centre (DMC) headed by the

Governor of Istanbul. The DMC ensures

undivided command and co-ordination of

the resources of local departments of the

central government, the local government

bodies (the Greater Istanbul Municipality

and suburban municipalities), the armed

forces, the civil defence corps, the Red

Crescent, the Coast Security and Ship

Rescue Operations Authority, and Turk

Telekom (telecommunications company).

National disaster management plans, on

the other hand, arranges for the transfer of

all the resources and capabilities of 19

provinces in the Marmara and Aegean

regions to the command of the DMC in case

of a disaster in Istanbul.

The civil defence corps in Istanbul

currently has a reserve of 6,044 workers,

including both civil servants and

volunteers, trained for emergency

evacuation and rescue tasks. In case of a

natural disaster in Istanbul, exclusive

control of Turkey’s INMARSAT satellite

communication facilities will pass to the

DMC and the civil defence corps,

guaranteeing uninterrupted communications

with the outer world.

The Provincial Directorate of Health

assumes major responsibilities for the

operations of the DMC through its

emergency assistance service groups. Its

First Aid and Rescue Service is already

equipped to deploy:

● one first-aid and rescue

ambulance team for every 30,000

population in a stricken region,

● discovery ambulance teams

charged with identifying communities

worst affected by the disaster and

ensuring the most effective use of

resources,

●and triage teams assigned to

form triage areas wherever there is

more than five disaster victims, with

a view to setting priorities that would

maximise the number of survivors.

Plans envisage that field hospitals will be

operational immediately after the disaster

for emergency care, and start providing

other inpatient treatment services on the

second day of the disaster. Field hospitals

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2

4

11

2

3

11


will remain operational at least until the

erection of prefabricated hospitals and will

continue thereafter if so needed.

Another service to assume critical

responsibilities in case of a natural disaster

in Istanbul is the Fire Brigades Department,

whose command will pass in such a case

from the Greater Istanbul Municipality to

the DMC. The Department already controls

60 search, rescue and evacuation squads

with a total of 5,112 staff.

In addition, a total of 88 similar squads

with 4,186 workers, controlled by various

other branches of the Greater Istanbul

Municipality, will be placed under the

command of the DMC in case of a natural

disaster.

In the event of a natural disaster during the

2008 Istanbul Olympic Games, no change

will occur in the above-described chain of

command. The Medical Co-ordination

Centre to be set up at the Olympic Park

(see paragraph 11.2.3 above) will also come

under the command of the DMC. Volunteer

staff specifically recruited and trained by

the Medical Department of the Istanbul

OCOG to take part in medical services at

the Games venues will considerably add to

the human resources available for rescue,

evacuation and assistance operations.

Doping laboratory

The Turkish Doping Control Centre

(TDCC), founded in 1989, expects to soon

receive full IOC-accreditation for its

laboratory in Ankara. The TDCC has

received temporary accreditation from the

IOC for conducting doping controls at the

34th World Freestyle Wrestling

Championship held in Ankara in October

1999, and applied for full IOC accreditation

after this event. To date, it has proved

totally successful in the analyses of two

sets of pre-accreditation control samples,

and has also started preparations for

obtaining ISO guide 17025 accreditation.

The TDCC is affiliated with the Hacettepe

University in Ankara, and was designated

by a government regulation in 1993 as the

national authority entitled to perform in-

and out-of-competition doping control

analyses. This regulation also established

procedures for the training and

certification of independent sampling

officials.

The IOBC bases its plans for doping control

during the 2008 Istanbul Olympic Games

on the expectation that the TDCC will be

accorded full IOC-accreditation in the near

future. In such a case, special

arrangements will be made for the

convenient transfer of doping control

samples from the Olympic sites in Istanbul

to the TDCC’s laboratory in Ankara (at a

distance of 450 kilometres, one hour by

air). The laboratory will have a capacity to

analyse up to 600 samples a day, or 3,000

samples over the Games period, and will be

staffed by the necessary personnel,

including co-ordinators, analysts,

technicians, and escorts.

Olympic Family hospitals

The Istanbul International Hospital

(155 beds), the Ac›badem Carousel Hospital

(100 beds), the American Hospital (150

beds), the Florence Nightingale Hospital

(233 beds) and the German Hospital (289

beds) on the European side of the city will

serve the Olympic Family. The same service

will be provided by the Marmara University

Hospital (450 beds) and the Ac›badem

Hospital (150 beds) on the Asian side of the

city. The distances between these hospitals

and the village site of Halkal› are as follows:

2

6

11

Olympic Villages

Olympic Family hospitals

Ac›badem Carousel Hospital 14 15

Ac›badem Hospital (Kad›köy) 40 30

American Hospital 27 25

Florence Nightingale 25 20

German Hospital 29 25

Istanbul International 16 15

Marmara University Hospital 36 30

km min

2

5

11


Recruitment, selection and

training of health personnel

For the recruitment, selection and

training of the personnel necessary for

Olympic health services, the Istanbul OCOG

will conduct a joint programme uniting the

efforts of several interested bodies under

the co-ordination of its Medical

Department. These bodies will include the

Medical Commission of the NOC of Turkey,

the Turkish Association of Sports Medicine,

the Turkish Association of Sport Sciences,

the Sports Health Branch of the Turkish

Medical Association, and the General

Directorate of Youth and Sports.

These bodies have been co-operating

continuously for the past 12 years in

organising a series of courses for recruiting

medical personnel with respect to sports

health. To date, following 14 such courses,

around 750 health personnel have received

certificates of attendance. The latest in the

series was held in Ankara on 4-6 December

2000, with the participation of all the

medical staff employed by the General

Directorate of Youth and Sports. Staged

under the title of "Organisational Aspects

of Sports Health", it was first of its kind in

content.

In consideration of the great interest shown

by health-related personnel in taking part in

Istanbul’s preparations for hosting the

Olympics, final selection for the Games will

be made according to applicants’

backgrounds. Definite orientation

programmes will be organised for selected

staff before the Games.

EQUINE HEALTH

Infectious diseases in the

local equine population

During the past five years, no

epidemic of infectious diseases has

occurred in Turkey’s equine population, and

epidemiological risks are kept strictly under

control. Only one horse was infected with

glanders in Rize (northern Turkey) in 1998,

and one with anthrax in ‹zmir (western

Turkey) in 1997; neither disease is endemic

in the country.

Resources against

epidemiological risks

Nationwide, the General Directorate of

Prevention and Control, attached to the

Ministry of Agriculture, is responsible for

controlling epidemiological risks in the

veterinary field. Locally, the Animal Health

Division of the Provincial Directorate of

Agriculture is assigned the task of

implementing and following up the

measures decided by the General

Directorate to combat epidemics.

The Veterinary Control and Research

Institute in Pendik, an eastern district of

Istanbul, supplies diagnosis, analysis, and

specialist assistance services to the wider

region under the direction of the Ministry of

Agriculture. There are several similar

research and control centres throughout

the country.

Equine sample testing

The Turkish Doping Control Centre

described above (paragraph 11.2.5) also

performs equine sample testing. In the

event that Istanbul hosts the 2008 Olympic

Games, it will conduct equine sample

testing in accordance with the F.E.I.

regulations.

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Risks From Activist Minorities 12.1

Crime Rates 12.2

Security Organisations 12.3

Available Human Resources 12.4

Human Resources 12.5

Possible Use of the Armed Forces 12.6

Single Management Structure 12.7

Public Security Services at No Cost to the OCOG 12.8

Possible Modification of Legislation 12.9

Involvement of the Intelligence Service 12.10

Use of Territorial Waters and Air Space 12.11

Government Guarantee 12.12

No Regional Governmental Authority 12.13

OCOG Security Department 12.14

Organisational Charts 12.15

Risk Analysis 12.16

Experience of Security Organisations 12.17

12.1 Risques émanants des minorités activistes et des terroristes12.2 Taux de criminalité12.3 Organisations responsables de la sécurité olympique12.4 Ressources humaines disponibles12.5 Ressources humaines12.6 Possibilité d’utilisation des Forces Armées12.7 Structure directionnelle unique12.8 Services de la sécurité publique gratuits pour le COJO12.9 Modifications possibles de la législation12.10 Rôle du Service des Renseignements 12.11 Contrôle de l’espace aérien et des eaux territoriales12.12 Garantie du Gouvernement 12.13 Absence d’autorité gouvernementale régionale12.14 Département de sécurité du COJO12.15 Organisation de la sécurité olympique 12.16 Analyse des risques12.17 Expérience des organisations de la sécurité

12 SecuritySécurité

● Marine security,

● Closed-circuit monitoring,

● Riot policing, and

● Airspace control.

■ The Transport and Protection Depart-

ment will conduct the functions of:

● VIP protection (a highly controlled

environment, close protection

guards at lodging places, compe-

titions, etc.),

● Risk team/media protection,

● Ports of entry monitoring, and

● Traffic (monitoring of parking sites

and land routes).

CRIME RATES

Crime statistics for the whole of

Turkey and for Istanbul over the past ten

years are provided below in table form.

3 12Volume Security 29

RISKS FROM ACTIVIST

MINORITIES OR TERRORIST

GROUPS

According to the Ministry of the

Interior, the potential risks that terrorist

organisations in Turkey (especially, the

separatist organisation the "PKK") pose to

the peaceful celebration of Olympic Games

in Istanbul is neither greater nor smaller

than those they or other international

groups (such as ETA, the IRA or HAMAS)

pose to any other event of such size in any

other country. The Ministry’s analysts

further stress that, in the particular case of

the PKK and other groups active in

Turkey’s region, Istanbul and Turkey have

the advantage of security and intelligence

resources best experienced and adapted to

contain and combat such organisations.

The high capability of the Turkish security

organisation in this respect has been

proven over recent years by the decisive

defeat of separatist terrorism in the

country.

Three security departments, each headed

by a deputy-chair of the Olympic Security

Co-ordination Centre, will share

responsibility for the prevention of

terrorist action by international groups

during the Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games.

■ The Intelligence and Anti-Terrorism

Department will conduct the functions of:

● Intelligence (identification of

potential threats from, and cap-

abilities of, international groups;

specific intelligence and risk

assessments of participating indi-

viduals and teams),

● Bomb management (a detailed

schedule of searches, security

screening, explosive detection dogs,

clearance diving), and

● Emergency action.

■ The Security Services Department will

be responsible for:

● Olympic Park and Villages security

(including supervision of construc-

tion stages),

112

212

Years

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Traffic offences

Qty Per

100,000

114,028 203

139,159 244

169,168 292

206,243 351

231,743 388

292,962 481

344,130 556

389,219 619

442,985 694

441,445 681

Vice

Qty Per

100,000

96,163 171

97,064 170

111,835 193

185,662 316

200,181 335

229,513 376

291,662 471

304,147 484

304,114 476

280,554 433

Crimes against

the state

Qty Per

100,000

2,265 4

3,186 6

4,235 7

8,238 14

9,179 15

9,932 16

11,186 18

14,509 23

12,218 19

11,614 18

Smuggling

Qty Per

100,000

7,831 14

7,611 13

9,180 16

9,177 16

11,085 19

9,842 16

11,179 18

13,080 21

14,071 22

13,608 21

Total

Qty Per

100,000

220,287 392

247,020 433

294,418 508

409,320 696

452,188 757

542,249 889

658,157 1063

720,955 1,146

773,388 1,211

747,221 1,153

Years

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000*

Traffic offences

Qty Per

100,000

31,372 436

37,206 502

45,554 590

58,852 733

74,743 896

110,548 1,277

140,601 1,566

160,097 1,720

175,208 1,818

164,027 1,644

154,196 1,495

Vice

Qty Per

100,000

15,598 217

15,264 206

17,382 225

32,020 399

45,011 540

96,164 1,111

115,718 1,289

121,152 1,302

110,918 1,151

86,818 870

75,838 735

Crimes against

the state

Qty Per

100,000

654 9

977 13

1,079 14

1,339 17

1,135 14

1,444 17

1,320 15

832 9

643 7

744 7

441 4

Smuggling

Qty Per

100,000

684 10

645 9

969 13

1,482 18

1,388 17

1,275 15

1,865 21

2,059 22

2,361 24

2,783 28

2,045 20

Total

Qty Per

100,000

48,308 671

54,092 730

64,984 842

93,693 1,167

122,277 1,466

209,431 2,419

259,504 2,890

284,140 3,053

289,130 3,000

254,372 2,550

232,520 2,254

TURKEY

ISTANBUL

*To the end of November


The figures attest to Istanbul’s being

ranked amongst the safest metropolises of

the world, with major incident rates of vice

per 100,000 population remaining at

significantly lower levels than other large

cities, as seen below:

ORGANISATIONS

RESPONSIBLE FOR

OLYMPIC SECURITY

The ultimate responsibility for

security during the Istanbul 2008 Games

will lie with the Istanbul Directorate of

Security (IDS), the provincial branch of the

National Police attached to the Ministry of

the Interior.

The IDS is placed by law under the

exclusive authority of the Governor of

Istanbul, who will hold office as a vice-

chairperson of the Istanbul OCOG in case

the city is awarded the Olympic Games (see

paragraph 2.2.2 above under Theme 2).

The Governor of Istanbul also commands

the local contingent of the Gendarmerie,

responsible for security in non-urban areas

of the province of Istanbul, and of the

Coastguard, which works in co-operation

with the Marine Police force, itself a branch

of the National Police.

In cities other than Istanbul where

preliminary football events will take place

(Bursa, Izmir and Kocaeli), respective

gubernatorial offices will assume the

ultimate responsibility for security

arrangements.

The municipal police, responsible for the

provision of community services, will also

assume responsibility for security

arrangements during the Istanbul Olympic

Games.

Finally, the Istanbul OCOG will assume

responsibility of routine internal security

measures on the Olympic sites, basically

the accreditation for back of house areas,

ticketing and vehicle permits. The IOBC

envisages that private security

organisations will play no part in the chain

of responsibility and command in the

provision of security during the 2008

Istanbul Olympic Games.

AVAILABLE HUMAN

RESOURCES

As of December 2000, the IDS

consisted of 26,060 commissioned officers

and 4,034 riot police officers. In other

provinces of the Marmara Region,

commissioned officers total 16,125, and riot

police officers 1,546. Existing plans for co-

operation between the IDS and the Armed

Forces also provide for assignment of

contingents of military personnel to

emergency security tasks, in numbers

specified for each district of Istanbul.

In addition:

■ The civil defence corps in Istanbul

currently has a reserve of 6,044

workers, including both civil servants

and volunteers, trained for emergency

services.

■ The Fire Brigades Department of the

Greater Istanbul Municipality already

controls 60 search, rescue and

evacuation squads with a total of 5,112

workers.

■ Various other branches of the Greater

Istanbul Municipality control a total of 88

similar squads with 4,186 workers.

Incidents Per 100,000 population

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000*

Murder and manslaughter 5 4 4 4 4 8

Indecent assault 2 3 3 3 1 2

Battery 31 68 75 59 41 31

Injury 41 54 57 57 45 80

Robbery 9 9 7 7 5 3

Theft 775 811 850 732 563 362

* To the end of November

312 412


HUMAN RESOURCES TO BE

USED FOR OLYMPIC

SECURITY

The IDS estimates that around 17,000

personnel will be employed in the

operational implementation of security

during the Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games.

Its plans involve a limited transfer of police

force members to the Olympic territory

from other provinces or regions.

In case Istanbul is awarded the 2008

Games, the IDS’s Police Training Centre at

Florya will be assigned the task of

graduating, over the six-year lead up to the

Games, 9,000 "Olympic officers". It will

also allocate its resources for the training

of the OCOG personnel and Olympic

volunteers in security matters.

POSSIBLE USE OF THE

ARMED FORCES

The use of the resources of the

Armed Forces for ensuring Olympic

security will rest completely at the

discretion of the Governor of Istanbul, who

is authorised by law to resort to such use

whenever expedient. As explained above

under paragraph 12.3, local branches of the

Gendarmerie and the Coast Guard, though

both parts of the Armed Forces, function

under the Governor’s exclusive direction.

The Governor may also demand, at any

time, the contribution of the Air Force to

ensure airspace security.

SINGLE MANAGEMENT

STRUCTURE

Single management structure in

security arrangements is an inviolable rule

in the public security system operational in

Turkey. Several safety functions, which

may in other systems be the responsibility

of separate bodies, are all regulated in the

Turkish model by departments of the

General Directorate of Security (National

Police) under the Ministry of the Interior.

In its capacity as the highest single

authority in Olympic security, the IDS will

hold unrestricted command of all human

and technical resources allocated for such

security arrangements, whatever their

provenance. Such command will be

applicable with no functional or territorial

restrictions with respect to any matter

related to the security of the Olympic

Games.

The IDS’s several departments will be co-

ordinated with the Istanbul OCOG, the

municipal authorities, and other public

bodies. This co-ordination will be provided

by an Olympic Security Co-ordination

Centre, to be established at the

gubernatorial level, consisting of officials

from the police departments of state

security, anti-terrorist action, intelligence,

protection and surveillance, tourist police,

vice and crime, traffic control, logistics and

communication. The Coast Guard, the

Greater Istanbul Municipality, the National

Intelligence Organisation attached to the

Office of the Prime Minister, and the OCOG

will also be represented at the Security Co-

ordination Centre.

PUBLIC SECURITY

SERVICES AT NO COST TO

THE OCOG

All Olympic security services

undertaken by public authorities will be

provided at no cost to the Istanbul OCOG.

POSSIBLE MODIFICATION

OF LEGISLATION OR

PROCEDURES

At present, the IOBC maintains that

no modification to existing legislation and

regulations is required to enhance

Istanbul’s capabilities to achieve a security

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612

812

912

712

operation that is appropriate to the special

circumstances of the Olympic Games. The

Turkish Olympic Law guarantees that all

public bodies give priority to the

requirements of the future Istanbul OCOG,

thus ensuring the greatest possible

flexibility in the adaptation of such bodies

involved in Olympic security arrangements

to contingencies.

However, the commitment of the

Government and all major political parties

to support, with all possible means, a

successful staging of Olympic Games in

Istanbul, implies a common will to enact, if

necessary, any new legislation or to

introduce any new administrative

procedures to create a better environment

for ensuring Olympic security.

INVOLVEMENT OF THE

INTELLIGENCE SERVICE

The National Intelligence Organisation,

attached to the Office of the Prime Minister,

will directly take part in the preparation and

implementation stages of Olympic security.

It will participate in the formation of the

Istanbul Data Collection and Evaluation

Centre at an early preparation stage. As

such, it will assume responsibility for the

production of Olympic-related intelligence,

especially that based on international

sources, and put its risk analysis and

management resources at the service of the

Olympic Security Co-ordination Centre.

CONTROL OF AIR SPACE

AND TERRITORIAL WATERS

In the control of her airspace, Turkey

follows the International Civil Aviation

Organisation (ICAO) standards and

supplementary region-specific procedures.

Istanbul is equipped with Terminal Area

(TMA) radar coverage, and all IFR and VFR

flights are provided with air traffic control

service.

During the Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games, a

security belt will be created in Istanbul’s

airspace affected by the Games. Apart from

flying ambulances, airborne security

vehicles, and VIP air transports, all MSL,

UNL and VFR flights will be kept under

strict control. At the Istanbul International

Airport, restrictions will be applied on take-

offs 360 degrees north and landings 180

degrees south.

The use of Istanbul’s territorial waters

during the 2008 Games will remain under

strict control of the Coast Guard in co-

ordination with the Olympic Security Co-

ordination Centre. The Coast Guard also

has the authority to close the Bosphorus as

well as the Dardanelles to traffic in

accordance with international law

regulating the use of such sea routes.

GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE

For a letter of the Minister of the

Interior, confirming that the government of

Turkey will make all necessary efforts to

guarantee the safety and the peaceful

celebration of the 2008 Olympic Games,

please refer to Theme 18, Ref. 18.22. The

letter also guarantees that the General

Directorate of Security will make all

security arrangements necessary for the

peaceful and orderly running of the

Istanbul Olympic Games, and that such

services will be provided free of charge.

NO REGIONAL

GOVERNMENTAL

AUTHORITY IN SECURITY

MATTERS

As no level of regional government

exists in Turkey between the central and

provincial tiers (see paragraph 1.1 in Theme

1), no additional guarantee is needed to the

one referred to in the previous paragraph.


1012

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OCOG DEPARTMENT

RESPONSIBLE FOR

SECURITY MATTERS

The working group within the IOBC

responsible for drafting the preliminary

security scheme will be transformed, after

the awarding of the Games to Istanbul, into

a security department. This department,

which will principally be assigned the

responsibility of co-ordination between the

IOBC and the IDS, will be constituted at the

gubernatorial level. The department will be

staffed by specialists capable of main-

taining full and effective liaison with

corresponding officials in the Olympic

Security Co-ordination Centre.

Communication, logistics, internal site

security (accreditation and access control),

and the personal protection of Olympic

Family members will be the main areas in

which the OCOG security department will

have a high profile as a co-ordinating body.

ORGANISATION OF

OLYMPIC SECURITY

The Istanbul Olympic Security Co-

ordination Centre (OSCC), described in

paragraph 12.7 above, will be established

soon after the city is selected to host the

2008 Olympic Games and the IOBC is

transformed into the Istanbul OCOG.

During the general planning and

operational planning phases, the OSCC will

rely on the flow of information provided by

the Istanbul Data Collection and Evaluation

Centre. The latter will function as a hub for

the flow of information from various

agencies that will take part in the

preparation and implementation of

Olympic security, as shown on the

Diagram I herewith provided.

Based on the information thus

provided, the OSCC will undertake the

planning of various functions of the

Olympic security organisation, and will co-

ordinate the progressive creation of

various departments to be entrusted with

the responsibility for such functions in the

implementation phase.

1412

1512

Diagram I

ORGANISATION OF THE GENERAL PLANNING AND

OPERATIONAL PLANNING PHASES OF GAMES’ SECURITY

Diagram II on the next page shows how

Olympic security functions will be

organised in the fully-fledged

implementation phase.


Diagram II

ORGANISATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE OF GAMES’ SECURITY


RISK ANALYSIS

General risks connected with the

Olympic territory are analysed as shown in

the table below:

Intelligence gathering and close monitoring

(via the use of the most advanced

technology), plus the capability for prompt

action, are deemed key elements in tackling

the above categories of risk. Delegations

and dignitaries facing special risks are to be

evaluated, prior to the Games, in co-

ordination with the intelligence bodies of

their respective countries. The security of

the facilities (many of them yet to be built),

infrastructure, transport routes, and the

telecommunications system will be planned

in technical terms during the period of their

erection.

Fastidious selection (including background

examination) and education of personnel

operating and serving the above-

mentioned Olympic and urban facilities,

with the participation of the gubernatorial,

municipal and private agencies, is seen as

essential to ensure effective protection.

EXPERIENCE OF SECURITY

ORGANISATIONS IN MAJOR

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS

The Turkish police in general, and the

IDS in particular, have the widest possible

experience in security arrangements for

high-level international events. Among

recent major international events where

the IDS has implemented security

arrangements are:

■ The International Telecommunications

Union (ITU) meetings, including the

World Radiocommunication (WRC)

General Assembly, attended by 3,000

representatives from 189 countries over

six weeks (1 May–10 June 2000). In this

event, the IDS employed 110 officers for

security purposes.

■ The Conference of Interior Ministers of 41

countries, attended by 300 dignitaries

and VIPs over two days (6–7 April 2000),

whose security was provided for by 652

officers.

■ The Summit of the Organisation for

Security and Co-operation in Europe

1712

1612

Risk categories IMPORTANCE PROBABILITY

Fire Buildings/Olympic facilities Maximum Minimum

Industry High Minimum

Forests High Minimum

Intrusion into Olympic facilities Maximum Minimum

Civil disobedience Medium Minimum

Crime Maximum Minimum

Technological risks to essential Games services Maximum Minimum

Traffic violations Medium Low

Natural catastrophes Earthquake Maximum Medium

Flood Maximum Nil

Volcano Maximum Nil

Hurricane Maximum Nil

Other catastrophes (chemical, biological, nuclear, Maximum Minimum

plane crash, marine accident, serious land accident)

Terrorism Bomb attacks Maximum Minimum

Air, water or food contamination Maximum Minimum

Violence against VIPs and athletes Maximum Minimum


(OSCE), attended by 250 VIPs and 12,000

participants for two days (18–19

November 1999), where 12,938 officers

were assigned for security tasks.

In 1996, Istanbul was host to the Second UN

Conference on Human Settlements

(Habitat II). Between 3 and 14 June 1996,

around 20,000 people attended the event,

including 13 heads of state and/or

government, 211 foreign parliamentarians,

160 high-level officeholders, including the

UN Secretary General and his staff, 3,638

delegates from 171 countries, and 627

representatives of local governments. Also

in attendance were 83 representatives of

UN agencies, 144 members of

intergovernmental organisations, 2,500

representatives from 1,500 NGOs from all

over the world, more than 6,000 non-

official participants and some 4,000

members of the media. Istanbul's Atatürk

Airport, transport routes to and from the

Conference Valley and all around the city,

sites in the Conference Valley, media

centres, accommodation facilities,

restaurants, etc., were all provided with an

intrusion-proof security shield. A total of

15,000 officers took part in the execution of

the Habitat II security plan.

Turkey, and particularly Istanbul, have

hosted many other high-level international

political events, including summits of the

47-member Organisation of Islamic

Conference, summits of the Economic Co-

operation Organisation (former RCD), and

the founding session and Parliamentarians

Assembly meetings of the Black Sea

Economic Cooperation (BSEC) since 1992.

In April 1993, Ankara welcomed more than

100 foreign dignitaries, including heads of

state and/or government and other

statespersons, as they paid their last

respects to the late President Turgut Özal

on the occasion of his funeral. All these

events have more than proved the

capability of the Turkish security forces in

ensuring absolute safety for any number of

visiting VIPs.

As to international sports events at which

the IDS has assumed responsibility for

security arrangements, two recent

examples to cite are:

■ The 34th Chess Olympiad attended by

1,750 persons, including 1,092 players

from 126 countries, over 15 days (28

October–12 November 2000), whose

security was provided for by a force of

only 50 officers.

■ The 24th European Swimming, Diving,

Synchronised Swimming and Long

Distance Swimming Championships,

attended by 5,000 persons, including a

total of 1,598 athletes and officials from

43 countries for 10 days (22 July–1

August 1999), where 450 officers

implemented the security arrangements.

Among other major sports events with high

attendance held in Istanbul over the past

ten years, it is worth citing:

■ The World Juniors Fencing

Championships, 30 October–3 November

1992 (5,000 persons).

■ The GR and Freestyle European Wrestling

Championships, 5–16 May 1993 (20,000

persons).

■ The European Juniors Swimming and

Diving Championships, 8–11 July 1993

(5,000 persons).

■ The GR European Cadets Wrestling

Championships, 28–31 July 1994 (5,000

persons).

■ The World Juniors Boxing

Championships, 10–18 September 1994

(15,000 persons).

■ The World Men’s and Women’s

Weightlifting Championships, 17–28

November 1994 (10,000 persons).

Location of Hotels 13.1

Hotel Rooms 13.2

Existing Hotels 13.2.1

New Hotels 13.2.2

Olympic Family Accommodation 13.3

Rooms Obtained 13.3.1

Rates 13.3.2

Non-Olympic Family Rates 13.4

Spectators 13.5

Accommodation Plan–Transport Arrangements 13.6

Other Accommodation 13.7

13.1 Emplacement des hôtels13.2 Chambres d’hôtels13.2.1 Hôtels existants13.2.2 Nouveaux hôtels13.3 Hébergement de la famille olympique13.3.1 Chambres obtenues13.3.2 Tarifs13.4 Tarifs concernant la famille non-olympique13.5 Spectateurs13.6 Planification de l’hébergement - Dispositions prises au

niveau du transport13.7 Autres possibilités de logement

13 AccommodationHébergement

3 13Volume Hébergement46

EMPLACEMENT DES HOTELS / LOCATION OF HOTELS 113

213 CHAMBRES D’HOTELS

L’information sur les hôtels existants

et prévus est présentée dans les quatre

tableaux bilingues (anglais et français) qui

figurent après les paragraphes 13.2.1 et

13.2.2. Les nombres sur la colonne gauche

de la liste continue correspondent aux

nombres figurant sur la carte fournie sous le

paragraphe 13.1 et indique l’emplacement

respectif de l’hôtel dans la ville.

3 13Volume Accommodation 47

HOTEL ROOMS

Information on existing and planned

hotels is presented in the four bilingual

(English and French) charts that follow

under paragraphs 13.2.1 and 13.2.2. The

numbers on the leftmost column of the

continuous list correspond to the numbers

shown on the map provided under

paragraph 13.1 and point to the location of

the respective hotel in the city.

213


TAKSIM AREA / ZONE DE TAKSIM

1 Hyatt Regency Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 360 220 Ömür Yeker 240 270

2 Divan Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 179 80 Korhan Demiröz 195 250

3 The Marmara Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 391 200 Feza Solaklar 165 185

4 Euro Plaza Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 156 100 Asl› Atasu 110 140

5 Hilton Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 498 negotiating / en négociation

6 Ceylan Inter Continental 5-star / 5 étoiles 390 negotiating / en négociation

7 Golden Age-I Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 180 180 Hayriye Ayd›n 170 190

8 Hotel Kervansaray 4-star / 4 étoiles 62 40 Ferdi Aslan 170 190

9 Feronya Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 118 75 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 75 90

10 Crystal Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 214 214 Hayriye Ayd›n 170 190

11 Hotel Cartoon 4-star / 4 étoiles 66 50 Burak Atilla 50 60

12 Mercure Istanbul Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 192 90 Beyza Bediz 160 200

13 Keban Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 84 45 Aynur Dafltan 90 110

14 Richmond Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 109 30 Belgin Aksoy Ar›kan 150 175

15 Grand Hotel Haliç 4-star / 4 étoiles 177 100 Müjdat Morgül 80 100

16 Dilson Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 112 40 Nuri Göksel 100 130

17 Taksim Dorint Park Plaza 4-star / 4 étoiles 175 60 Rene Verhagen 350 400

18 Lamartine Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 64 45 Bora Y›ld›r›m 80 100

19 Nippon Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 153 100 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 110 120

20 Eresin Taxim 4-star / 4 étoiles 75 40 Müberra Eresin 170 190

21 Riva Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 71 20 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 90 120

22 Grace Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 52 25 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 80 110

23 Lion Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 84 104 Hayriye Ayd›n 170 190

24 The Madison Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 110 60 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 70 90

25 Savoy Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 77 50 Hasan Barut 75 100

BEfi‹KTAfi AREA / ZONE DE BEfi‹KTAfi

26 Conrad Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 598 300 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 249 264

27 Ç›ra¤an Palace Hotel Kempinski Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 315 60 (35 standard / 25 superior) Erhan ‹mamo¤lu 343-442 376-475

28 Büyük Sürmeli Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 224 130 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 110 130

29 Hotel Dedeman Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 338 100 Deniz ‹nel and / et Tekin fiengün 175 225

30 The Plaza Hotel Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 243 125 Orhun ‹nkaya 199 239

31 Swissôtel The Bosphorus 5-star / 5 étoiles 585 negotiating / en négociation

32 Ortaköy Princess 5-star / 5 étoiles 83 negotiating / en négociation

33 Hotel Maçka 4-star / 4 étoiles 181 140 Suat Erat 80 100

34 Sed Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50 50 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 70 110

35 Mim Inter Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 111 negotiating / en négociation

36 Park-SA Hilton Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 119 negotiating / en négociation

Name of hotelNom de l'hotel

CategoryCatégorie

N of rooms N de chambres

Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues


Signed bySignée par

Prices in 2000 (US$) Prix en 2000 (US$)

Single roomChambre

à 1 lit

Double roomChambre

à 2 lit

Chart A.1: Client group: Olympic Family (Hotels not designated by the IOC Executive Board for Olympic Family accommodation will be

assigned to sponsors.)

Tableau A.1: Groupe de clients: Famille Olympique (Hôtels qui ne sont pas désignés par la commission executive du CIO pour hébergementde la Famille Olympique seront assignés aux sponsors.)

2

1

13

Hôtels existants / Existing Hotels

Please see documents under Theme 18,

Ref. 18.24 for rooms and prices obtained.

Pour les chambres et les prix obtenus,veuillez consulter les documents dans leThéme 18, Réf. 18.24.

Prices in 2000 (US$)Prix en 2000 (US$)


ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY / ZONE D’ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY37 Crowne Plaza Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 298 FIBA, FINA, Media / Média 160 Baflar Eryöner 200 225

38 Polat Renaissance 5-star / 5 étoiles 383 FISA, FIC, Media / Média 250 An›l Beydafl T›naz 190-215 220-245

39 Ç›nar Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 222 IWF, ITU 120 S. Jale Kibritçio¤lu 120 140

40 Radisson SAS Conference Airport Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 246 IBAF, FIG, ISF negotiating / en négociation41 Holiday Inn Marina 4-star / 4 étoiles 179 Media / Média 120 Baflar Eryöner 140 160

42 Adela Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 118 Media / Média 80 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 70 95

43 Günefl Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 130 Media / Média44 Epos Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36 Media / Média45 Demirköy Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 290 Media / Média46 Florya Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 120 Media / Média47 Airport Inn Hotel Special / Spéciale 19 Media / Média

OLD CITY / VIEILLE VILLE48 Merit Antique Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 272 IAAF, AIBA, FILA 200 Senem Üngüderler 125 135

49 Akgün ‹stanbul Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 275 FIE, IHF, FIH, IJF 150 Vedat Akgün 140 190

50 Eresin Hotel Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 247 VTF, ITTF, FITA 150 Tijen Günyol 150 170

51 Hotel Zurich 4-star / 4 étoiles 125 Media / Média 90 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 60 80

52 Hotel Romance 4-star / 4 étoiles 63 Media / Média 20 Çetin Koca 80 120

53 Hotel Yi¤italp 4-star / 4 étoiles 83 Media / Média 10 Tar›k Özaktafl 70 90

54 Best Western International The President 4-star / 4 étoiles 204 IBF 90 Erhan Çakay 85 100

55 Hotel Arcadia 4-star / 4 étoiles 48 35 Erhan Kösemihal 70 80

56 Kalyon Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 101 Media / Média 30 Turgut Topçu 117 129

57 Yaflmak Sultan Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 84 40 fieref Tunca 64 80

58 Color Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 106 40 Ali Ekinci 60 75

59 Fuar Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 61 30 Birol Afyon 70 110

60 Hotel Armada Istanbul 4-star / 4 étoiles 110 FIVB 75 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 150 160

61 Kent Otel Istanbul 4-star / 4 étoiles 76 76 Nimet Gül 120 150

62 Antik Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 96 70 Metin Pamuk 30 40

63 Çara Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 107 50 Esat Koç 90 140

64 Orient Express Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 54 20 Bedrettin Karaca 80 100

65 Prince Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 100 75 Bülent Öven and / et Hamza Çiner 110 130

66 Senatör Hotel Best Western International 4-star / 4 étoiles 102 negotiating / en négociation67 Grand Gülsoy Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 140

68 ‹kbal Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 162

69 Özmen Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 102

70 Royal Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 128

71 Aspen Sa¤lam Otel 4-star / 4 étoiles 70

72 Grand Emin Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 65

73 Büyük fiahinler Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 130

74 Nanda Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 68

75 Olcay Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 155

76 PianoForte Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50

77 Grand Anka Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 108

78 Grand Madrid Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 47

79 Aziyade Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 105

80 Gabali Grand Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 65

81 Grand Gazala Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50

82 Black Bird Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 81

83 Hotel ‹lkay 3-star / 3 étoiles 60 20 Çetin Koca 60 80

84 Hotel Erboy 3-star / 3 étoiles 63 20 Bedrettin Karaca 70 90

85 Grand Yavuz Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 84 40 Duygu Çelik 50 60

86 Hotel Grand Ons 3-star / 3 étoiles 92 92 Nejat Laçin 60 80

87 Green Anka Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 65 65 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 40 60

88 Hotel Olimpiyat 3-star / 3 étoiles 59 20 fieref Tunca 40 50

89 Laleli Gönen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 63 50 Ayla Aytekin 60 90

90 Grand Medya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60

91 Keçik Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 72

92 Carlton Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 50

93 Grand Washington Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 134

94 Dallas Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 69

95 Klas Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116

96 Askoç Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 95

97 Büyük Keban Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 132

98 And Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45

99 Mozaik Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116

100 Merdan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 30

101 Bar›n Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60

102 Orsep Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52


CategoryCatégorie

N of rooms N de

chambres

Client group Groupe de Clients




Single room

Chambre à 1 lit

Double room

Chambre à 2 lit

Chart A.2: Client group: Other (Capacity not allocated to specific client groups will be available for spectators)

Tableau A.2: Groupe de clients: Autres (La capacité qui n’est pas alloué aux groupes de client specific sera disponible pour les spectateurs)


103 Sultan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 133

104 Oran Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 80

105 Büyük fiehzade Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 48

106 Hal› Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 80

107 Intersport Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116

108 Baron Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 94

109 Kazakistan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 67

110 Paradise Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36

111 Kuran Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40

112 Ferhat Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 61

113 Benler Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 94

114 Santa Sophia Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40

115 Orient-Mintur Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 43

116 Amber Otel 3-star / 3 étoiles 58

117 Erden Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 107

118 Emin Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36

119 Pierre Loti Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36

120 Nemport Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 44

121 Afliyan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87

122 Grand Lord Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 51

123 Astor Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 130

124 Martinenz Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 90

125 fiahinler Otel 3-star / 3 étoiles 96

126 Yaztur Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 72

127 Gold Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 78

128 Atefl II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52

129 Monaco Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 55

130 Resteria Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54

131 Laleli Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40

132 Restige Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54

133 Prestige Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 114

134 Sö¤üt Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 44

135 Seres Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 50

136 Gönen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 65

137 Hamidiye Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 209

138 Grand Savur Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 78

139 Washington Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56

140 ‹pek Palas Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 66

141 Eyfel Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87

142 Seranda Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116

143 Avlonya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56

144 Ebru Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 35

145 Mola Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56

146 Kaya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 156

147 Selenay Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 58

148 Antea Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45

149 Akgün Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87

150 Bekdafl Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 88

151 Kordon Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 42

152 Blue House Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 26

153 Hotel Betes 3-star / 3 étoiles 50

154 Karacabay II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 50

155 Öncü Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 21

156 Balance Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45

157 Ayasofya Pensions Special / Spéciale 62 40 Murat Öztürk 72 96

158 Hotel Hippodrome Special / Spéciale 17 17 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 50 70

159 Tash Konak Sultanahmet Special / Spéciale 20 20 Burhan Çay›o¤lu 30 40

160 Hotel Daphnis Special / Spéciale 19 12 Mete Gündo¤du 90 110

161 Hotel Alzer Special / Spéciale 20 10 fiahika Atay 65 85

162 Fehmibey Hotel Special / Spéciale 15 15 Nefle Öksüz 40 65

163 Four Seasons Hotel Special / Spéciale 65 ITF negotiating / en négociation164 Karasu Green Hotel Special / Spéciale 15

165 Yusufpafla Kona¤› (Best Western) Special / Spéciale 20

166 Arena Hotel Special / Spéciale 27

167 Sultanahmet Saray› Special / Spéciale 36

168 Nomade Hotel Special / Spéciale 15

169 A.Vezirhan Hotel Special / Spéciale 9

170 Ambassador Hotel Special / Spéciale 23

171 Citadel Hotel Special / Spéciale 31


CategoryCatégorie

N of rooms N de

chambres






Single room

Chambre à 1 lit

Double room

Chambre à 2 lit

Chart A.2, continued / Tableau A.2, a continué


172 Spectra Hotel Special / Spéciale 19

173 Antique Hotel Special / Spéciale 17

174 Sidera Hotel Special / Spéciale 14

175 Yeflilev Hotel Special / Spéciale 19

176 Poem Hotel Special / Spéciale 17

177 Sümengen Hotel Special / Spéciale 71

178 Historia Hotel Ottoman House Special / Spéciale 25

179 ‹brahim Pafla Hotel Special / Spéciale 19

180 Cordial Hause Hotel Special / Spéciale 35

181 Köflk Turkuaz Hotel Special / Spéciale 13

182 Sarn›ç Hotel Special / Spéciale 16

183 Empress Zoe Hotel Special / Spéciale 19

184 Uyan Hotel Special / Spéciale 17

185 St.Sophia Hotel Best Western International Special / Spéciale 27

186 Bar›fl Hotel Special / Spéciale 30

187 Spina Hotel Special / Spéciale 24

188 Valide Sultan Kona¤› Special / Spéciale 17

189 Sar› Konak Hotel Special / Spéciale 17

190 ‹shakpafla Kona¤› Special / Spéciale 19

191 Aflk›n Hotel Special / Spéciale 22

192 Acropol Hotel Special / Spéciale 26

TAKS‹M AREA / ZONE DE TAKSIM193 Festival Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 106 Media / Média194 Taksim Plaza Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 142 FIFA, Media / Média195 Grand Star Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 96

196 Yakut Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50

197 Usta-II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60

198 Golden Age-II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 64 64 Hayriye Ayd›n 120 160

199 The Green Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 81 60 Do¤an Ezik 53 64

200 Aygün Hotels 3-star / 3 étoiles 63 55 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 60 80

201 Elan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 42 15 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 30 45

202 Taksim Gönen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 127 100 Ayla Aytekin 60 90

203 Lodge Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 58

204 Cihangir Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52

205 Monopol Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 64

206 Troya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 77

207 Residence Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 46

208 Bale Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 63

209 Taksim Square Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87

210 Villa Zürich Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45

211 Hotel Pera Palas Special / Spéciale 145 Sponsors / Sponsors 25 Leyla Taflk›n 25 % off rack rate

212 Galata Residence Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 11 8 Cemal Ekingen 117

213 Bahar Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 11

214 Vardar Palace Hotel Special / Spéciale 40

215 Taksim Suites Special / Spéciale 14

216 Bosphorus Residence Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 10

BEfi‹KTAfi AREA / ZONE DE BEfi‹KTAfi217 Tafll›k Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 77 25 Sak›p Beygo 55 70

218 La Maison Inter Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 34

219 Villa Blanche Hotel Special / Spéciale 40 30 Nihan Sezan 60 80

220 Anadolu Karavan Special / Spéciale 10

MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹ AREA / ZONE DE MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹221 Hotel Istanbul Conti 4-star / 4 étoiles 88 25 Mustafa Küçükçakan 85 125

222 Konak Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 25 25 Nefle Cav 80 100

223 Niza Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 44

224 Mega Center / Mega Residence Special / Spéciale 30

225 Maritim Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 11

226 Akmerkez Residence Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 10

‹ST‹NYE AREA / ZONE D’ISTINYE227 Grand Hotel Tarabya 5-star / 5 étoiles 268 Sponsors / Sponsors 150 Erol Gediko¤lu 100 120

228 ‹stanbul Princess Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 305 UCI, UIPM, ISSF negotiating / en négociation229 Fuatpafla Hotel Special / Spéciale 49

S‹L‹VR‹ AREA / ZONE DE S‹L‹VR‹230 Klassis Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 304 FEI 150 Handan Boyce 101 125

231 Kumburgaz Princess Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 398 negotiating / en négociation232 Hamitbey Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36

233 Malibu Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56

234 Silivri Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 88

235 Öz C›han Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40


CategoryCatégorie

N of rooms N de

chambres






Single room

Chambre à 1 lit

Double room

Chambre à 2 lit




236 Family Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 90

237 Sel Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 48

238 Pelikan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 63

239 Kumburgaz Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 53

240 Tem Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 69

241 ‹kizler Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60

242 Blacksis Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 84

243 Bigados Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 74

244 Klassis Golf ve Country Club Special / Spéciale 116 80 Sedef Baran 94 117

KADIKÖY AREA / ZONE DE KADIKÖY245 Suadiye Princess Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 152 ISAF negotiating / en négociation246 Harem Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 100

247 Sidonya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36

248 Aden Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 76

249 Eysan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36

250 Grand As Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56

251 Kad›köy R›ht›m Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54

252 Bosphorus Pasha Hotel Special / Spéciale 14

253 Park Residence Hotel Special / Spéciale 12

OTHER / AUTRE254 Mir Club Country 3-star / 3 étoiles 183

255 Pen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 32

256 fiile Resort Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52

257 Kuzey Y›ld›z› Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54

258 Grand fiile Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54

259 Hilde Motel Special / Spéciale 10

260 Durusu Park Resort Hotel Special / Spéciale 66

261 Halki Palas Hotel Special / Spéciale 38

262 Büyükada Princess Special / Spéciale 24

263 Splendit Hotel Special / Spéciale 70

264 Saydam Planet-II Hotel Special / Spéciale 12

265 H›div Köflkü Hotel Special / Spéciale 16

266 Polka Country Hotel Special / Spéciale 19


CategoryCatégorie

N of rooms N de

chambres






Single room

Chambre à 1 lit

Double room

Chambre à 2 lit

TAKS‹M AREA / ZONE DE TAKSIM267 The Ritz-Carlton Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 244 Yes / Oui Michel Blachi 1999 April / Avril-2001 50 Michel Blachi 425-625

268 Park Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 288 to be received / à recevoir269 Hotel Grand Markiz Special / Spéciale 30 Yes / Oui Okan Miralem 2000 2002

270 ‹stanbul Anemon Special / Spéciale 29 Istanbul Department of Tourism /

Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul 2001 2003

271 Taxim Residence Special / Spéciale 90 Yes / Oui Kalman Yüksel 1998 2001 90

BEfi‹KTAfi AREA / ZONE DE BEfi‹KTAfi272 Four Seasons Hotel

on the Bosphorus 5-star / 5 étoiles 150 Yes / Oui Levent Gürçay 2001 2003

273 Bilek Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 125 Istanbul Department of Tourism /

Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul 2000 2002

274 Akaretler S›ra Evleri Special / Spéciale 110 to be received / à recevoir 1999 May / Mai-2001

2

2

13

Name of hotel

Nom de l’hotelCategory

Catégorie

Number

of rooms

N deChambres

Construction guaranteesGaranties relatives aux constructions

Ends Fin

BeginsDébut


N of rooms Signed by guaranteed Signée par

N de chambresgaranties

Single room

Chambre à 1 lit

Doubleroom

Chambre à 2 lit

Chart B.1: Client group: Olympic Family (Hotels not designated by the IOC Executive Board for Olympic Family accommodation will be assigned

to sponsors.)

Tableau B.1: Groupe de clients: Famille Olympique (Hôtels qui ne sont pas désignés par la commission executive du CIO pour hébergement de laFamille Olympique seront assignés aux sponsors.)

ObtainedObtenue


Construction timelines Delai de Construction


Nouveaux hôtels / New Hotels

Please see documents under Theme 18,

Ref. 18.25 for rooms and prices obtained

and construction guarantees.

Pour les chambres et les prix obtenus et lesgaranties de construction, veuillez consulterles documents dans le Thème 18, Réf 18.25


ObtainedObtenue

ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY AREA / ZONE D’ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY

275 Dedeman Hotel / World Trade Center 5-star / 5 étoiles 300 Media / Yes / Oui Dedeman 2001 2003

Média Holding A.fi.

276 ‹stanbul Kaya Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 320 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001

Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul

277 Kale Yap› Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 468 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


278 Florya Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 280 Yes / Oui Hayat Turizm 2002 2005 280 Hayat Turizm $80 $90

Ticaret A.fi. Ticaret A.fi.

279 MNG Hotel / World Trade Center 4-star / 4 étoiles 334 Media / Yes / Oui Mapa Construction 2001 2003

Média & Trading Co.Inc.

280 Mega Residence Airport Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 334 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2000 2002


281 The Green Park Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 238 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


282 Silver Plaza Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 132 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


OLD CITY / VIEILLE VILLE

283 Beyazsaray 4-star / 4 étoiles 102 Yes / Oui Beyazsaray ‹nfl. 2000 2002

Tur. Paz. Tic. A.fi.

284 All Seasons Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 69 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


285 Erez-2 Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 78 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


286 Eresin Sultanahmet Hotel Special / Spéciale 59 Yes / Oui Müberra Eresin Feb-1999 May-2001 25 Müberra Eresin / $270 $300

Assistant

General Manager

MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹ AREA / ZONE DE MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹

287 ‹stanbul Levent Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 246 Yes / Oui Adnan Çebi 1999 2002 200 Adnan Çebi

288 Maryot Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 334 Sponsors / Yes / Oui Cevahirler ‹nfl. 1999 2001 250 Cevahirler ‹nfl. $196 $220

Sponsors Taah. Tic. Ltd. fiti. Taah. Tic. Ltd. fiti.

289 Tat Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 200 to be received / à recevoir 2001

290 Ç›nar-2 Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


‹ST‹NYE AREA / ZONE D’‹ST‹NYE

291 Prestige Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 500 Sponsors / Yes / Oui Nalan Atalay / 2003 500 Nalan Atalay / $87 $100

Sponsors Uran Holding A.fi Uran Holding A.fi.

S‹L‹VR‹ AREA / ZONE DE S‹L‹VR‹

292 Trakya Grand Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 208 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


KADIKÖY AREA / ZONE DE KADIKÖY

293 Grand Bostanc› Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 168 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001


294 Dila Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 91 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2000 2002


295 Çerkezköy Turistik Tesisleri Special / Spéciale 10 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2000 2002


OTHER / AUTRE

296 Aytemiz Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 105 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2001 2003


297 Kemer Golf & Country Club Special / Spéciale 330 Yes / Oui Ömer ‹syar 1998 2004 120 Ömer ‹syar 190 240

Chart B.2: Client group: Other (Capacity not allocated to specific client groups will be available for spectators)

Tableau B.2: Groupe de clients: Autres (La capacité qui n’est pas alloué aux groupes de client specific sera disponible pour les spectateurs)

Name of hotel

Nom de l’hotelCategory

Catégorie

Client

Group

Groupede

clients

Number

of rooms

N deChambres

Construction guaranteesGaranties relatives aux constructions

Ends Fin

BeginsDébut


N of roomsguaranteed

N de chambresgaranties

Single room

Chambre à 1 lit

Doubleroom

Chambre à 2 lit



Construction timelines Delai de Construction


OLYMPIC FAMILY

ACCOMMODATION

The IOBC accommodation plan for the

Olympic Family covers (a) approximately

16,000 athletes and team officials who will

be housed in the Olympic Village, and (b)

the IOC, IF and NOC group of guests who

will be housed in official IOC hotels, as per

the IOC Manual for Candidate Cities.

On the understanding that the IOC

Executive Board will designate the official

IOC hotels, the IOBC proposes an outline of

criteria and feasible arrangements to

accommodate the (b) group of Olympic

Family members.

■ The estimated 1,800 rooms will be

provided in five-star hotels that are

located close to one another. There are

two clusters of such high quality hotels in

the city that the IOBC considers

especially suitable for the Olympic

Family. The IOC may choose either one of

these hotel areas, or decide on the

alternative shown below:

1. The Taksim area, which is the site of

the Hilton, Intercontinental, Hyatt

Regency and Ritz Carlton (opening

April 2001) hotels, among others, has

4,543 existing five- and four-star hotel

rooms. With the additional 532 five-

star rooms that will be available within

the next couple of years, Taksim’s

hotels can comfortably meet Olympic

Family requirements.

2. The Befliktafl area, which includes the

Ç›ra¤an Palace Kempinski, Swissotel

the Bosphorus, Conrad and Four

Seasons (opening December 2002)

hotels, among others, with an existing

number of 2,847 five- and four-star

rooms. Another 385 five- and four-

star rooms will be available by 2003.

Compared to Taksim, the area has

fewer four-star rooms, but enjoys a

unique advantage in terms of natural

site characteristics. All of the above-

mentioned hotels are located on the

European shore of the Bosphorus, and

313 have accommodated high dignitaries

(including President Clinton) in the

past.

3. The Ataköy/Bak›rköy area is proposed

as an alternative to Taksim or Befliktafl

in case the IOC prefers hotels close to

the two main clusters of competition

sites. This area also includes an

adequate number of five-star (and

four-star) rooms. The IOBC, however,

considers this functional advantage as

being more significant for other

categories of Olympic guests (such as

some IF headquarters, the media and

international judges and referees)

than the Olympic Family per se. Still, it

is prepared to modify its plans to suit

overall Olympic priorities.

■ The IOC Executive Board’s designation of

any of the above sites for official IOC

hotels will meet with IOBC’s plans to

accommodate the following groups of

persons or others designated by the IOC

in official IOC hotels:

1. IOC members (including honorary and

honour members) and persons

accompanying them, in one hotel.

2. Presidents and Secretaries General of

the IFs whose sport appears on the

programme of the Olympic Games,

persons accompanying them, and

other IF officials.


the NOCs participating in the Games

and persons accompanying them.

4. IOC staff and IOC interpreters to be

accommodated within walking

distance of the IOC members’ hotel.

5. Members of IOC commissions, IOC

advisors, consultants and agents, and

IOC guests.

6. Delegations of OCOGs of future

Olympic Games.

7. Representatives of the Organising

Committees of future IOC Sessions.

8. Delegations from Candidate Cities of

future Olympic Games.


the IFs whose sport appears on the


programme of the Olympic Winter

Games.

10.Delegates of recognised IFs or

organisations.

■ Again irrespective of the hotel site

chosen, the IOBC has planned for:

1. Suite type accommodation for

members of the Olympic Family,

including the IOC President, the IOC

Director General and others as per

relevant rules and regulations.

2. Meeting and conference facilities as

per relevant rules and regulations.

3. A video wall in the room of the IOC

President and two similar video walls

at IOC office premises as directed by

the IOC Secretary General.

4. Reception of international television

signals of the Games in IOC staff

offices and Olympic Family hotel

rooms.

Excluding the estimated 1,800 rooms

required for the Olympic Family, at least

17,313 five-star or four-star rooms will be

available to accommodate additional IF

delegates and staff (800 rooms),

international judges and referees who

require hotel rooms, media members not

residing in the Media Village (about 2,000

rooms) and sponsors (7,000 rooms). More

than 14,000 five-star or four-star rooms

already exist for these groups.

The IOBC has signed a protocol with the

Housing Administration of Turkey (TOK‹)

for the construction of a Media Village to

house 15,000 media representatives and a

Judges’ and Referees’ Village to

accommodate 2,500. These are planned

within TOK‹’s Halkal› Housing Project and

relevant guarantees have been provided

(see Guarantees, Ref. 18.17 and 18.8).

Rooms Obtained

As of December 2000, the IOBC has

obtained 7,602 hotel rooms (6,087 in

existing hotels). Of these, 5,179 are in

existing five-star or four-star hotels. The

state of on-going negotiations with hotel

managements gives good reason to expect

a significant rise in these numbers well

before the awarding of the 2008 Games. To

that end, the IOBC has secured the services

of the ISEVV Consortium of four leading

congress organisers in Turkey.

In the two hotel areas proposed for the

Olympic Family, 1,968 five-star or four-star

rooms have been obtained in existing

Taksim hotels and 905 five-star or four-star

rooms have been obtained in existing

Befliktafl hotels.

In the Ataköy/Bak›rköy area, where the

MMC will be set up, 1,010 rooms (730 in

existing hotels) have been obtained. These,

and 1,697 rooms (1,672 in existing hotels)

obtained in the old city, will be particularly

suitable to meet the needs of the media.

Not included in the above mentioned areas

are an additional 230 five-star rooms

obtained in the Klassis Hotel and Klassis

Country Club, which is the proposed site for

equestrian events.

Negotiations are continuing to increase the

percentage of reserved rooms in these

hotels, as well as reaching additional

agreements. Among the latter are two

Princess hotels, one in ‹stinye and the other

in Suadiye, the former of which will be

convenient for the UCI,UIPM, ISSF and the

latter for ISAF headquarters respectively.

The management of several hotels have

stated that they will provide signed

documents confirming these arrangements.

Rates

Single and double room prices in

hotels proposed for the Olympic Family are

shown in Chart A1 in US$ for the year 2000

as quoted by various hotels. These prices

vary from US$70 for a standard single

room in several four-star hotels to US$475

for a superior double room in the Ç›ra¤an

Palace Hotel.

3

1

13

3

2

13


Based on the US Gross Domestic Product

(GDP) Deflator inflation index for the period

2000-2005 (Budget of the United States

Government, Fiscal Year 2001), the

stipulated increase in respective prices of

hotel rooms quoted in the chart is 17.2

percent for the year 2008.

NON-OLYMPIC FAMILY

RATES

Maximum hotel rates that apply in

Istanbul in the year 2000, as provided by

the Ministry of Tourism, are shown below.

As in Paragraph 13.2.2 above, prices for

2008 may be calculated to be 17.2 percent

higher than those in 2000.

Room rates in the Media Village with at

least a three-star level of comfort will be

between US$50 and US$70 in 2000 figures

(about US$60-US$85 in 2008).

SPECTATORS

Istanbul offers the spectators a wide

range of hotels in terms of levels of price

and comfort. All of the main hotel areas are

served by public transport and are

conveniently located with respect to

competition sites.

Several processes that constantly improve

Istanbul’s accommodation capacity will

have a direct bearing on the quantity and

quality of hotel rooms available in 2008.

One is the strong private investment in new

hotels and another is the periodic

renovation and upgrading of existing

hotels, both of which are expected to

accelerate if Istanbul is awarded the Games.

The third process relates to the very

successful special category hotels in

Maximum price in 2000 (US$)

Single room Double roomCategory

5-star 1,000 1,300

4-star 225 280

3-star 150 200

2-star 240 300

1-star 86 111

Istanbul. These are largely historic

buildings (old Ottoman mansions, town

houses, public buildings, etc.) that are

renovated as superior category small

hotels. Examples include the existing Four

Seasons Hotel (formerly a jail) and the one

planned within walking distance of the

Ç›ra¤an Palace Hotel. Investors in these

projects are usually firms that already

operate one or more such special hotels in

the city.

The IOBC is working on a programme to

accommodate young spectators from

abroad with volunteering host families.

This will increase the percentage of young

spectators from abroad, allowing them to

economise on living costs and making

event tickets more affordable. It will also

contribute significantly to cultural

exchange.

ACCOMMODATION

PLAN – TRANSPORT

ARRANGEMENTS

There are two main clusters of

competition sites: the Olympic Park and

the Southern Complex at Ataköy. Except

for the Village site just south of the

Olympic Park, most of the traffic to these

competition sites will originate in the east,

where the Olympic Family and most of the

spectators will reside. The third multi-sport

site of ‹stinye will have a more even

distribution of passenger origins.

As indicated under Theme 14, below, the

main mode of transport between the

Olympic Village and competition sites will

be shuttle buses, while that for official

Olympic Family members residing in hotels

will be dedicated cars. The other large

group that will benefit from Olympic road

transport is the media, which will have a

special transport system, also explained

under Theme 14. The proposed

accommodation sites for the Olympic

Family have easy access to main roads

(coastal and radial) and highways that

partly serve as ring roads, which will be

413

513

613


designated as Olympic routes. Media

shuttles (Media Village-MMC and MMC-

competitions sites) will also use these

Olympic routes. Two major Municipal bus

terminals at (Topkap› and Mecidiyeköy), on

the other hand, will be central to the

spectator bus system.

The majority (61 percent) of the spectators

will use Olympic rail transit. The primary

interchange terminal of Yenikap› will serve

as the main hub of rail transport, while a

secondary hub will be located at Esenler.

Both of these points are centrally located to

serve main hotel areas and competition

sites. Spectators will not be allowed to

travel to the Olympic Park by car, but will

benefit from Municipal bus transport

adapted for the Games.

Existing

Number of

properties

Number of

rooms

Planned

Number of

properties

Number of

rooms

Category

Hotels included in

Charts A1-2 and B1-2 266 24333 31 6028

2-star hotels 170 6493 9 360

1-star hotels 70 2389 2 34

Holiday village 1 238

Municipality licensed

2nd and 3rd class hotels 535 12887

Municipality licensed

motels and pensions 32 512

Floating hotels 2 245

Municipal guest houses 11 1138

Other guest houses 10 279

University campus 22 2577 2 234

TOTAL 1119 51091 44 6656

713 OTHER ACCOMMODATION

The following table outlines the

minimum accommodation capacity that

will be available in Istanbul by 2008. To

provide an overview, it includes hotel

rooms indicated in Charts A1, A2, B1 and

B2. The total capacity shown on the table is

57,747 rooms.

However, the table does not include 21

other university housing facilities that

accommodate another 12,844 students

because information on respective room

numbers has not yet been made available

to the IOBC. Nor does it include a large

number of hotels and guesthouses

belonging to the Armed Forces, which may

be used to accommodate local volunteers

and staff from the Armed Forces or from

their families.

A. OFFRETransport aérien

14.1 Données aéroportuaires14.2 Réseau de dessertes

Autoroutes, routes principales et stationnements

14.3 Réseau14.4 Principaux lieux de stationnements

Système de transports publics14.5 Réseau14.6 Véhicules et trafic

Distances et temps de déplacement 14.7 Tableau14.8 CartesB. DEMANDE14.9 Besoins globaux14.10 Spectateurs

C. CONCEPTPlan stratégique des transports

14.11 Objectifs principauxPlanification stratégique

14.12 Organisation14.13 Mesures14.14 Billetterie14.15 Phases de test et d’entraînementD. PLANIFICATION ET GESTION14.16 Autorités14.17 Information14.18 Garanties

OFFER A.

Air transport

Airport data 14.1

Flight network 14.2

Motorways, Main Roads

and Parking Network 14.3

Main Parking Areas 14.4

Public Transport System

Network 14.5

Vehicles and Traffic 14.6

Distances and

Journey Times Table 14.7

Maps 14.8

DEMAND B.

Overall Needs 14.9

Spectators 14.10

CONCEPT C.

Strategic Transport Plan

Main Objectives 14.11

Strategic Planning

Organisation 14.12

Measures 14.13

Ticketing 14.14

Test Event and

Training Phases 14.15

PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT D.

Authorities 14.16

Information 14.17

Guarantees 14.18

14 TransportTransports

runway capacity by 15 percent.

Management of the Atatürk

International Airport has confirmed in

writing that the former two projects will

be completed well before 2008.

■ An almost three-fold increase in

passenger capacity is planned at the

Kurtköy Sabiha Gökçen International

Airport. The Airport Management and

Aeronautical Industries Inc. that

operates the airport confirms that the

additional international terminal with an

annual passenger capacity of seven

million will come into service by 2005.

FLIGHT NETWORK

The following information relates to

the Atatürk International Airport only,

since the Kurtköy Airport has only recently

opened.

Domestically, the Atatürk Airport handles

1,358 regular direct flights per week of

Turkish Airlines, which serves 34 cities

nationwide. Frequency of incoming and

outgoing flights increases in summer.

Distribution of international flights, as

presented in table form, points to the

extensive network of European flights,

followed by Asian and North American ones.

MOTORWAYS, MAIN ROADS

AND PARKING

NETWORK

Istanbul is settled mainly along the

east-west axis on the two continents of Asia

and Europe. Two road bridges crossing the

Bosphorus connect the two parts of the city.

3 14Volume Transport 65

OFFER

Istanbul is accessible by air, sea, rail

and motorway, presenting residents of

many countries in the region with

convenient transport options to join in the

celebration of the Games. Two major

highways with interconnected ring roads

serve the city. Istanbul’s rapid transit

system, which is partially operational at

present, is the single largest project being

implemented in the city to facilitate public

transport.

AIR TRANSPORT

AIRPORT DATA

Istanbul is served by two international

airports, one on the European and the

other on the Asian side of the city. The

main airport is the Atatürk International on

the European side; its new international

terminal was opened in January 2000.

Kurtköy International, on the Asian side

was opened in January 2001. The third

airport included in Istanbul’s airport

system for the Games is at Çorlu, very

conveniently located to handle equestrian

traffic. Information on the three airports is

given below.

114

A

Airport

Number of Departure

Gates

Terminal capacity

(passengers/hr)

Domestic International Domestic International

Runway

capacity

(movements/

hr)

Restrictions

on night

flights

Atatürk International 15 30 1,200 3,500 42 None

Kurtköy International 4 8 5001 1,5001 16 None

Çorlu2 2 1,000,000 10 Nonepassengers/yr

1 Hourly estimate provided by the airport authority based on

annual capacity

2 For equestrian traffic; data on hourly passenger capacity

unavailable

Improvements are planned in both of

Istanbul’s two airports, irrespective of the

outcome of the city’s bid to host the

Olympic Games.

■ The capacity of the international

terminal at the main airport will be

increased by 43 percent (from the

present 14 million passengers per year to

20 million passengers per year), and five

new international departure gates will be

added to the existing ones. The new

runway under construction will increase

214

Continent

Regular direct Regular with stopovers

Number of

cities

Flights/

Week

Number of

cities

Flights/

Week

Total Regular

Number of

cities

Flights/

Week

Africa 8 63 8 67 16 130

Asia 30 330 14 113 44 443

Europe 50 1,191 58 850 108 2,041

Australia 5 35 5 35

South America 9 105 9 105

North America 3 42 25 355 28 397

Total 91 1,626 119 1,525 210 3,151

314


The existing (2000) network of highways

and main roads is summarised below.

■ The E80 State Highway and the Trans-

European Motorway (TEM) connect

Istanbul to other cities in the country, as

well as to European and Middle Eastern

countries. With a cross-continental bridge

on each, they also serve Istanbul as ring

roads.

■ The 24-kilometre section of the E80

Highway circles the central city area from

the north. The remainder extends outside

the central area.

■ The TEM is a fully access controlled 2x4-

lane motorway to the north of the E80

State Highway. The section of the TEM

between the Mahmutbey tollbooths near

the Olympic Park and Kozyata¤› on the

Asian side serve urban, as well as transit

traffic.

■ On both the European and the Asian

sides of the city, there are high quality,

2x3-lane roads along the Marmara coast.

■ High standard divided roads that run

along the north-south axis interconnect

the east to west running coastal roads,

the E80 and the TEM. These have multi-

level junctions at points of intersection.

These and other major roads such as the

radial avenues or boulevards of Millet,

Vatan, Piyalepafla, Büyükdere and Ba¤dat

total 2,000 kilometres in length.

Planned (2008) infrastructure will enhance

the existing network significantly.

■ A new motorway planned to the north of

the TEM will provide Istanbul with a third

ring road. Interconnected with the TEM, it

will run along the immediate north of the

Olympic Park (see Map).

■ The 2x3-lane Çobançeflme Junction

(near the Southern Complex in Ataköy)-

Olympic Park-Northern Motorway will be

completed by 2002.

■ The Intercity Bus Terminal (Esenler) –

‹kitelli road and Seyrantepe Junction –

Maslak and Seyrantepe Junction –

Atatürk Sanayi Sitesi roads connecting to

the TEM are scheduled for completion

before 2008.

The main routes that Olympic traffic will

utilise will be the E80 State Highway, the

TEM Motorway, Coastal Main Roads, the

planned Northern Motorway, and

interconnecting roads along the north-

south axis. Radial roads (such as Millet

Caddesi, Vatan Caddesi, Piyalepafla Bulvar›

and Büyükdere Caddesi) from the main

hotel areas of Taksim and Sultanahmet

(Istanbul’s historic peninsula) to the

perimeters will also be used for Olympic

transport.

All roads other than the section of the TEM

to the Klassis Equestrian Club, which is

proposed for equestrian events, and the

two bridges across the Bosphorus, are toll

free. Car toll to Klassis is US$1.10 (one way

in 2000) and may be avoided by taking the

E80 instead. The toll is paid only one way

across the bridges and the present rate for

car is US$1.50.

MAIN PARKING AREAS

There are 324 covered and 1,294 open

parking lots in Istanbul, with a total capacity

of 251,000 vehicles. Sixty percent of

existing parking capacity is in the central

districts of Eminönü, Beyo¤lu, Fatih,

Befliktafl and fiiflli. Parking capacity around

main hotel areas, shopping centres and

competition sites other than the Olympic

Park is 115,000. Most of the remaining

capacity serves transfer points of land-sea

and land-rail traffic. (See Map)

414


The Greater Istanbul Municipality has

planned for an overall addition to parking

capacity of 181,000 in the city. The majority of

new capacity will be in open parking lots.

Work is underway to implement these

projects in 53 different locations, increasing

parking capacity in these areas by 27 percent.

Most of these new parking lots are around the

central city areas and near rail transit stations

to serve as park-and-ride areas.

Since the Games period coincides with the

summer academic recess and vacation

time, when a significant proportion of the

urban population moves to summer

residences or resorts, no major parking

problem is foreseen in central city areas.

Restricting private car access to

competition sites will also reduce parking

demand. Meanwhile, extensive parking

space is planned at the Olympic Park for

buses, minibuses and taxis.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

SYSTEM

NETWORK

The existing (2000) public transport

network operates on road, rail and sea

routes, with the emphasis shifting to rail.

■ IETT, which is a general directorate

attached to the Greater Istanbul

Municipality, operates bus and funicular

transport services in the metropolitan

area. It provides services on a network of

6,100 kilometres over 591 routes covering

an area of 2,500 square kilometres.

Under IETT control, privately owned

buses serve over 220 routes. The bus

system consists of a large number of

trunk lines and shorter (more frequent)

local lines. Minibus services, mostly

owner-operated, are provided along 123

fixed routes, set by the Municipality.

■ TCDD (Turkish State Railways) operates

suburban rail services on a 27.6-kilometre

route on the European and 44.2-

kilometre route on the Asian side of

Istanbul.

■ The Greater Istanbul Municipality

operates an 18-kilometre LRT line and an

11-kilometre tramline on the European

side.

514

■ The first phase of the Istanbul Metro,

opened in October 2000, operates on an

eight-kilometre route along one of the

most congested transport corridors in

the city.

■ State-owned passenger and vehicle

ferries and the Municipality-owned

Istanbul Sea Bus Corporation (IDO)

provide public transport by sea.

Planned (2008) improvements in the

public transport system are based primarily

on the comprehensive study of the Istanbul

Transportation Master Plan. These have

particular significance in Olympic terms

since rail (commuter, metro, LRT and tram)

will be the main transport mode, especially

for spectators.

An extensive construction and upgrading

programme has been commenced to

extend the present rail transit network by

about 150 kilometres. Information on

financing and construction timelines is

provided in table form under Paragraph

14.8, below. The Olympic Park, as well as the

vast majority of other Olympic sites and

venues, will be accessible by a high-

capacity, fast and environmentally friendly

rail transit system (see Map).

The Bosphorus Railway Tunnel Crossing will

link the Asian and European commuter

lines, which will be upgraded as rapid

transit lines. This will provide rail

connection between the airports on the two

sides of the city. Metro and LRT lines will

link central city districts to the Olympic

Park, as well as the Village site of Halkal›

that is now served by Municipal buses.

All transit lines will be served by high-

capacity park-and-ride facilities, which will

be available at no extra charge to ticket-

holders during the Games. This will make

public transport an attractive alternative

for spectators and help restrict private car

access to competition sites to authorised

vehicles.

Metro (underground): Construction has

started to extend the existing Taksim–4th

Levent Metro line south for physical

integration with commuter rail services at

the Yenikap› primary interchange terminal.

The 3.2-kilometre northern extension of the


Metro, on the other hand, will serve a major

business district developed around Maslak.

This north-south Metro line will further be

extended to the northeast, penetrating

some of the most densely populated urban

areas and be integrated with the planned

LRT link to the Olympic Park. The Park will

also be served by a northern extension of

the commuter rail line from Halkal›.

Planned construction of new lines and

extensions will provide Istanbul with a 47-

kilometre Metro network by 2008.

LRT: A far-reaching LRT network of 78

kilometres is planned to serve densely

populated areas that are not served by the

Metro. The airport connection of the

existing LRT line is under construction. A

major extension of the existing LRT line will

link the Intercity Bus Terminal to the

Olympic Park.

VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC

About one fourth of the total number

of motor vehicles in Turkey are registered in

Istanbul. Although public transport

accounts for 60 percent of the 10 million

motorised daily trips in the city, more than

half of all daily trips are made by buses and

minibuses.

The existing (2000) bus fleet includes

2,569 IETT (Municipal) buses that carry

about two million passengers per day (328

passengers/km) and 1,160 privately

operated buses that carry about 1.3 million

passengers per day. The share of buses in

motorised daily trips totals one third.

About 7,000 minibuses carry an average

number of two million passengers per day.

The existing fleet of about 18,000 taxicabs

is fully fitted with meters and partly

organised in radio-linked groups. Together

with 700 shared-taxis, they account for

about one million passenger trips per day.

Current rail traffic on main rail transit lines

is summarised on the right in table form.

State owned passenger and vehicle ferries

(73 vessels) account for 220,000 passenger

trips per day on average. The IDO operates

14 sea buses over 39 lines, serving 22

terminals in the metropolitan area and

carrying 20,000 passengers per day. The

IDO also operates high-speed intercity car

ferries over five lines across the Marmara

Sea.

The predicted (2008) rise in the city’s

population sets the average number of

motorised daily trips at an estimated 16 to

17 million. Since the Games will be held

during the high season for vacation, a 25

percent decrease is expected in the

normal weekday peak hour traffic.

Although the overall share of public

transport is likely to remain about the

same, the share of rail transit in total

public transport is expected to reach 25

percent by 2008. This will reflect a

significant switch from bus and especially

minibus rides to rail transport.

The introduction of the extensive rail

transit system to serve high demand areas

will facilitate more efficient and better

quality operation of buses and minibuses.

The Municipality plans to reorganise bus

and minibus routes, reducing the number

of trunk lines and integrating them with

local (feeder) lines in outer city areas. The

IETT plans to increase the Municipal fleet

by 1,200 buses by 2008. The overall share

of buses and minibuses in motorised daily

trips, on the other hand, will be reduced to

an estimated one third by 2008.

During the Olympic Games, buses and cars

assigned to members of the Olympic

Family will have exclusive use of dedicated

lanes on main streets and access roads.

Overall, 85 percent of the spectators will

use the Olympics adapted public transport

system, with an estimated 61 percent

being transported by rail and 24 percent

being transported by buses and

minibuses.

Length

(km)

Traffic

(passenger/day)

Traffic density

(passenger/day/km)

Capacity

(passenger/hr/direction)

Suburban rail 72.0 172,000 2,389 10,000

LRT 18.0 165,000 9,167 22,000

Tramway 11.0 135,000 12,273 12,000

Metro 8.5 90,000 10,588 60,000

Total 109,5 562,000 51,324 104,000

614

15 20 15

3 14Volume Transports72

27

Main Hotel Area 4

(Bak›rköy)

Zone principale deshôtels 4 (Bak›rköy)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Km

Peak

hours

tempsde

pointe(min/mn)

Off

peak

hours

tempsmoyen(min/mn)

Main Hotel Area 3

(Befliktafl)

Quartier des Zoneprincipale des hôtels

3 (Befliktafl)

Main Hotel Area 2

(Old city-

Sultanahmet)

Quartier des Zoneprincipale des hôtels

2 (Vieille Ville-Sultanahmet)

Main Hotel Area 1

(Taksim)

Zone principale deshôtels 1 (Taksim)

MPC/IBC

CPP/CIRTV

Olympic Stadium/

Olympic Park

Stade Olympique/Parc Olympique

Olympic Village /

Js'&Rs' Village /

Media Village

Village Olympique/Village des Juges etdes Arbitres/ Village

des Médias

FROM - TO

DE - À

Olympic Village / Js'&Rs' Village / Media Village

Village Olympique/ Village des Juges et desArbitres/ Village des Médias

EN VOITRE / BY CAR

EN TRANSPORTS PUBLICS / BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Olympic Stadium / Olympic Park

Stade Olympique/ Parc Olympique

1

2

MPC/IBC - CPP/CIRTV3

Atatürk International Airport

Aéroport International d'Atatürk5

Kurtköy International Airport

Aéroport International d'Kurtköy6

Ba¤c›lar Badminton Hall

Salle de Badminton de Ba¤c›lar7

Rowing & Canoeing - Aviron and Canoë8

Klassis Equestrian Club - Club équestre du Klasis9

‹stinye /Enka/Polygon - ‹stinye /Enka/Polygone10

‹stanbul ‹nönü Stadium - Stade d'‹nönü d'‹stanbul11

Caddebostan Olympic Marina

Marina Olympique de Caddebostan12

Belgrad Forest - Forêt de Belgrade13

14

262524321ZONE NUMBER / NUMERO DE ZONE

ZON

E N

UM

BER

/ N

UMER

O D

E ZO

NE

Ataköy Dome / Olympic Natatorium /

Beach Volleyball Centre / Mydonose Showland

Dôme d'Ataköy/ Natatorium Olympique/Stade de Volleyball de Plage/ Mydonose Showland

15 Yeflilyurt Sports Club - Club Sportif de Yeflilyurt

16Abdi ‹pekçi Hall / Kazl›çeflme Arena

Salle Abdi ‹pekçi/Arène de Kazl›çeflme

3 3 3

10 15 10

10 15 10

60 45 40

6 10 7

2 3 3

75 60 60

26 30 22

27 30 20

42 40 31

37 35 30

14 15 12

14 15 13

19 20 17

13 20 12

13 20 12

60 45 40

7 11 7

5 8 8

75 60 60

27 25 21

25 25 20

41 35 31

36 35 30

16 15 13

16 15 13

20 23 20

58 45 40

9 10 8

12 15 10

60 65 65

30 30 22

20 25 20

36 40 40

38 35 31

4 5 4

4 5 5

12 13 10

27 26 22

24 26 21

21 25 20

21 25 20

38 45 40

20 26 20

25 28 23

80 65 65

10 20 15

1 5 5

18 25 20

23 35 25

16 25 20

19 25 20

11 20 15

22 22 18

23 22 18

13 18 12

13 18 12

46 45 40

27 27 24

25 25 20

23 20 18

14 14 12

28 28 25

30 30 25

14 17 13

23 23 20

17 17 15

24 28 25

26 28 25

20 26 15

20 26 15

36 40 35

20 27 23

22 25 25

9 20 15

3 10 6

16 23 15

22 28 23

20 28 24

7 18 14

16 22 15

17 20 15

8 15 12

8 15 12

64 60 55

12 23 15

12 21 15

23 24 20

15 17 13

31 34 28

36 35 30

2 4 3

6 15 13

5 5 4

Olympic Village / Js'&Rs' Village / Media Village

Village Olympique/ Village des Juges et desArbitres/ Village des Médias

Olympic Stadium / Olympic Park

Stade Olympique/ Parc Olympique

1

2

MPC/IBC - CPP/CIRTV3

Atatürk International Airport

Aéroport International d'Atatürk5

Kurtköy International Airport

Aéroport International d'Kurtköy6

Ba¤c›lar Badminton Hall

Salle de Badminton de Ba¤c›lar7

Rowing & Canoeing - Aviron and Canoë8

‹stinye /Enka/Polygon - ‹stinye /Enka/Polygone10

‹stanbul ‹nönü Stadium - Stade d'‹nönü d'‹stanbul11

Caddebostan Olympic Marina

Marina Olympique de Caddebostan12

Belgrad Forest - Forêt de Belgrade13

14

Ataköy Dome / Olympic Natatorium /

Beach Volleyball Centre / Mydonose Showland

Dôme d'Ataköy/ Natatorium Olympique/Stade de Volleyball de Plage/ Mydonose Showland

15 Yeflilyurt Sports Club - Club Sportif de Yeflilyurt

16Abdi ‹pekçi Hall / Kazl›çeflme Arena

Salle Abdi ‹pekçi/Arène de Kazl›çeflme

10 25 23

10 25 23

60 67 67

6 14 14

2 17 15

26 42 37

27 29 29

42 45 40

37 87 75

14 34 30

14 27 22

19 25 25

13 30 25

13 30 25

60 67 67

7 17 17

5 25 22

27 46 41

25 31 31

41 47 40

36 88 80

16 36 30

16 35 30

20 26 26

58 62 62

9 29 25

12 24 20

30 40 35

20 27 27

36 40 35

38 86 75

4 16 12

12 28 28

27 29 29

24 31 31

21 27 22

21 27 22

38 51 51

20 23 23

25 37 32

10 24 20

1 10 10

18 36 31

23 69 60

16 32 27

19 27 22

11 21 21

22 29 29

23 31 31

13 23 20

13 23 20

46 59 59

27 24 24

25 38 32

23 38 33

14 23 23

28 36 31

30 81 71

14 24 20

23 26 23

17 22 22

24 35 30

26 33 28

20 34 30

20 34 30

36 48 48

20 25 25

22 40 35

9 23 20

3 13 13

16 36 31

22 67 60

15 34 30

20 32 27

7 23 23

16 30 25

17 34 30

8 16 12

8 16 12

64 59 59

12 27 27

12 27 25

23 40 35

15 25 25

31 38 33

36 83 75

2 18 15

6 20 16

5 19 19

DISTANCES ET TEMPS DEDEPLACEMENT

TABLEAU / TABLE714


DISTANCES AND JOURNEY

TIMES

MAP / CARTE814


DEMAND

OVERALL NEEDS

The IOBC estimates that about 12,000

recruits will be needed for Olympic

transport services. Of these, about 7,000

will be drivers to meet the requirements of

two drivers per car and 1.5 per bus. The

majority of drivers will be professionals who

are already familiar with main and

alternative routes in the city. Others will be

recruited from among tourist guides and

university students. In addition to

requirements of language proficiency and

communication skills, all drivers will

complete a comprehensive training

programme on primary and regular

Olympic traffic.

The transport communications centre will

release documentary information (guides,

timetables, bulletins on Olympic activity

and other travel advice) and provide real

time transport information through a call

centre and website. Special transport

documents and a call centre will be

available for accredited groups. In addition,

transport liason officers will be assigned to

different groups (teams, IFs, media, etc.)

and Olympic sites (including five- and four-

star hotels, as well as Olympic and Media

villages, MMC, competition and training

sites). They will have direct access to

information on road closures, clearways

and alternative routes to ensure swift

traffic flow. Recruitment and the training

programme for transport liason officers will

be integrated with that for drivers.

Transport logistics staff will be organised in

co-operation with national and city

transport authorities. Its management will

participate in the development of category-

and venue-based transport plans, including

parking schemes, to ensure smooth

implementation. It will also co-ordinate the

transport workforce of drivers and liason

officers.

SPECTATORS

The estimated number of spectators

at the two main clusters of competition

venues (the Olympic Park and the Southern

Complex in Ataköy) and at ‹stinye, which is

the third multi-sport site, as well as their

distribution by source and mode of

transport are shown in table form.

The estimated number of spectators for

each venue and site is based on such

parameters as respective capacity of

venues, total number of seats available to

spectators, expected ticket sales and level

of interest in specific sports. Proposed

modes of transport, on the other hand, take

into account site locations with respect to

various transportation services, estimated

points of origin of spectator groups and

parking schemes. No spectator cars will be

allowed in the Olympic Park, for example,

although the site is being developed with

extensive parking areas.

Overall, rail transport is planned for 61 percent

of the spectators and bus/minibus transport is

planned for 24 percent. The remaining 15

percent will be transported by car.

CONCEPT

STRATEGIC TRANSPORT

PLAN

MAIN OBJECTIVES

The IOBC plans on setting up services

that will:

■ Ensure punctuality, convenience and

quality of transportation that will satisfy

all Olympic requirements, thus

contributing significantly to the success

of the Games.

Total

Number of spectators Source (percent) Modal split (percent)

Site

Average Maximum Istanbul Turkey Abroad RailBus/

minibuscar

Olympic Park 2,956,986 173,940 256,086 39 14 47 80 20 0

Southern Complex 1,167.390 72,962 89,910 54 15 31 34 33 33

‹stinye 158,175 10,545 19,350 42 10 48 70 10 20

B

914

C

1114

1014


■ Incorporate special transport arrange-

ments for the Olympic Family, IFs, media

and other accredited groups along

relevant guidelines (shuttle services,

dedicated cars, special transport and

vehicles, freight handling, hired

transport, etc.)

■ Emphasise the environmentally friendly

modes of transport and vehicles.

■ Minimise the negative impact of Olympic

transport on daily life in the city.

■ Ensure prompt handling of potential

emergencies through prior testing of

back-up plans.

■ Maximise cost efficiency in Olympic

transport, as well as in overall Games

organisation.

In practice, the transport plan aims at:

■ Separating official Olympic traffic from

general spectator traffic.

■ Separating competition site traffic from

regular daily traffic. This will be

facilitated by the location of sites in

general and the location of the Olympic

Park in particular.

■ Distinguishing between unique (e.g.

equestrian) vs. common and focal (e.g.

Village, MMC) vs. dispersed transport

needs, as well as between regular vs.

critical (peak arrivals, peak site

attendance, etc.) demand.

■ Discouraging use of private cars and

promoting public and shared transport;

setting up vehicle pools that will be

available for different categories of the

Olympic Family on request.

■ Limiting parking permits and directing

authorised vehicles to specific parking

lots.

■ Training drivers and other transport staff

about Olympic travel and routes.

■ Controlling and co-ordinating traffic

through an integrated network of main

and secondary transport centres.

Contingency plans will be developed for

Olympic Family and spectator transport.

These will include reserve capacity in

vehicles and personnel, alternative modes

of transport (including VIP helicopters, if

necessary) and shifts to alternative routes.

The addition of a limited number of rail cars

will also be planned.

The major constraint of the transport plan

is identified as spectator transport between

the Olympic Park and central city areas.

Major test events approximating Olympic

visitor density will be planned before the

Olympic Park transport programmes are

finalised.

STRATEGIC PLANNING

ORGANISATION

Organisation of Olympic transport will

follow from a set of planning documents

that will define strategies, programme

areas, operational principles, procedures,

contingency plans and timelines, together

with powers and responsibilities.

The transport system for the Olympic

Family will meet IOC, NOC and IF

requirements as outlined in the IOC Manual

for Candidate Cities and related

documents. It will be designed to ensure

punctuality, as well as maximum security

and comfort.

On arrival, members of the Olympic Family

will enjoy special services at the airport.

With appropriate accreditation, they will be

welcomed with no visa requirements or

customs formalities. This will facilitate their

rapid transfer from the airport to their

1214


respective points of accommodation by

dedicated cars or buses. On departure,

advance and group check-in arrangements

will be made and transport liason officers

will accompany groups from their

accommodation to the airport right up to

passport control. The Atatürk International

Airport will handle all Olympic Family

flights, including charter planes that NOCs,

for example, may choose to use.

■ Dedicated cars will be the primary means

of transport for Olympic Family members

other than athletes and officials. There

will also be scheduled bus services and

provisions for free travel on the spectator

transport system for this group.

■Athletes, team officials and technical

officials will have dedicated bus fleets

that will provide scheduled, pre-booked

and on-request transport services. They

will have access to car pools and special

vehicles as required. They will also have

free travel on the public and Olympic

spectator transport systems.

■ Accredited media transport will be based

on the star principle with the MMC as the

main hub or central point of the star, as

required. There will also be transport sub-

centres to facilitate transport of media

members, depending on the competition

schedule. In addition to regular and

frequent media shuttles, requirements

for special vehicles, cars and staffing will

be met.

■ OCOG, logistical support staff and

volunteers will travel free on the public

and Olympic transport systems.

Management will have access to car and

bus fleets to assign for specific tasks as

needed.

■ All of the above mentioned groups will

have parking authorisation, with

reserved parking areas and

corresponding parking stickers on

vehicles.

■ Spectators will travel free on the Olympic

transport system.

MEASURES

As already mentioned, immigration

and customs formalities will be reduced to

a minimum to ensure swift flow of traffic at

the airports. Traffic arrangements,

including dedicated lanes, restrictions on

primary and inner city roads, re-routing of

normal traffic and banning street parking,

will be easily made in Istanbul since the city

is accustomed to, and the authorities are

well experienced in, such arrangements on

the occasion of high level international

events.

The coincidence of the Games period with

vacation time will relieve normal city traffic

significantly (by an estimated 25 percent).

In addition, industries near main Olympic

sites will be encouraged to plan factory

shut down periods during the Games in

2008.

All normal deliveries within the Olympic

Ring, an area of five-kilometres in diameter

around main Olympic sites, will be

restricted to early morning hours (e.g.

midnight to 5:00 AM). Other zoning

arrangements will be made to adjust daily

pickup and delivery patterns to Olympic

transport plans. In co-operation with

carriers, incentives will be introduced for

major businesses and retailers to build up

inventories and stocks prior to the Games.

Time schedules will be drawn up for food

deliveries.

Pedestrian routes will be designated

between Olympic sites and nearby railway

stations in the area.

TICKETING

Combined electronic and telephone

ticketing will be offered. Holders of tickets

for events will travel free on the spectator

Olympic transport system.

1314

1414


At present, the integrated electronic

ticketing system (Akbil) enables

passengers to travel on Municipal (IETT)

and privately operated buses, ferries and

sea buses, LRT, metro and commuter

trains in Istanbul. No problem is foreseen

in introducing an integrated electronic

ticketing system for the Games.

TEST EVENT AND

TRAINING PHASES

The Istanbul Olympic Transport Plan

will be subject to periodic trial and

improvement in advance of the Games.

The process will involve the testing of

specific transport components and

associated training programmes. The IOBC

will:

■ Test venue transport plans. This will

start with the Olympic Stadium, which is

due for completion in December 2001,

and the Ataköy Dome. Major events will

be scheduled for these two key sites

early on, especially to provide an insight

into incident management.

■ Test specific components of Olympic

Family transport, spectator transport,

etc.

■ Develop trial procedures for transport

command, control and communications.

■ Provide transport managers and staff

with information directly relevant to

training programmes.

If Istanbul is awarded the 2008 Olympic

Games, pre-Olympic test events for almost

every sport on the Games programme will

take place between 12 to 18 months in

advance of the games. These will be high-

level international events and will ensure

rigorous testing of the transport system,

as well as allowing for sufficient time for

corrective measures.

PLANNING ANDMANAGEMENT

AUTHORITIES

The Istanbul Olympic Transport

Authority will have ultimate responsibility

for developing, testing, implementing and

monitoring the Olympic transport plan, as

well as its co-ordination with the daily

traffic in the city. It will have an executive

board chaired by the OCOG Director of

Transport. The board will include the

Director of the Municipal Department of

Transport, the General Manager of IETT

(Municipal bus company), the Directors

General of Asian and European State

Railways, the Regional Directors of the

State Highway Authority (for 1st and 17th

regions covering Istanbul and environs)

and the Traffic Control Authority attached

to the Istanbul Department of Security.

A government-level protocol will be drawn

up to co-ordinate powers and

responsibilities of representatives of various

ministries in the Olympic Transport

Authority. These principles of co-

ordination will be established by a board

chaired by the Undersecretary of the

Prime Ministry and including

undersecretaries of relevant ministries

(e.g. Interior, Transport, Public Works,

Environment, and Maritime).

Under the Turkish Olympic Law, the IOBC

(the forerunner of the Istanbul OCOG) is

authorised to make all arrangements for

the Olympic Games, while all public bodies

are obliged to provide priority services to

the IOBC.

INFORMATION

At present, the Traffic Management

Centre attached to the Greater Istanbul

Municipal Department of Transport

monitors and controls signalised road

junctions and main roads throughout the

1714

1514

D

1614


city. There are 720 signalised road

junctions in the city. Of these, 167 are

computer monitored and manipulated,

when necessary, from the Traffic

Management Centre. Traffic on main roads

and intersections is also monitored

through 10 cameras positioned in key

locations. The Traffic Management Centre

informs drivers of traffic densities by radio.

The number of signalised road junctions

will rise to 1,000 by 2004. Work is

underway to increase computer monitored

and manipulated signalised junctions to

416 and the number of traffic monitoring

cameras to 100 by 2004.

Istanbul’s being awarded the 2008 Games

will speed up improvements in traffic

management and communications

facilities. Istanbul already has a well-

developed telecommunications infra-

structure and will have state-of-the-art

technology in place to monitor traffic and

Olympic transport operations.

GUARANTEES

Relevant authorities have provided

guarantees for all projects mentioned in

reply to questions under this theme. The

original documents have been submitted

to the IOC and respective reference

numbers have been indicated on the

column at the far right of the following

table.

Yenibosna–Atatürk

International Airport

Light Rail

Taksim-Yenikap› Subway

Intercity Bus Terminal –

Mahmutbey – ‹kitelli –

Olympic Park – Baflak

Housing Subway + Light Rail

Gebze–Haydarpafla; Sirkeci

– Halkal› Surface Rail

Eminönü–Üsküdar Rail

Tube–Tunnel Crossing

4th Levent–Ayaza¤a Subway

Zeytinburnu – Güngören –

Ba¤c›lar Tramway

Yenikap› – Topkap› -

Ba¤c›lar Subway

Çobançeflme Junction –

Olympic Park South

Junction – Olympic Park

North Junction Highway

Hasdal Junction – Olympic

Park North Junction –

Had›mköy Junction (3rd

Ring Road connection)

Halkal›– ‹kitelli Light Rail

Kartal – Kurtköy – Pendik –

Tuzla Light Rail

Halkal›– Olympic Village –

Olympic Park –

Halkal›(loop) Surface Rail

Atatürk International

Airport/Capacity increase

Greater Istanbul

Municipality + domestic

and foreign loans

Greater Istanbul


and foreign loans

Greater Istanbul


and foreign loans

DLH1

DLH1+ foreign loan (OECF)2

Greater Istanbul


and foreign loans

Greater Istanbul


and foreign loans

Greater Istanbul


and foreign loans

State Highway Authority +

IOBC3 + domestic and

foreign loans

State Highway Authority

Greater Istanbul

Municipality + foreign loan

Greater Istanbul

Municipality + foreign loan

DLH1

General Directorate of

Atatürk Airport

Construction

under way

Construction

under way

Construction

under way

Turkish-Japanese

joint venture

successful in

engineering

prequalification

tender. Construction

to start in May 2000

Project designed

Project being

designed

Project being

designed

Project being

designed

Project designed

Project under

study

Project under

study

Project under

study

Planned

2001

2002

2003

2007

2007

2003

2004

2004

2002

2004

20024

20024

20024

Before 2008

18.26/Mayor

18.26/Mayor

18.26/Mayor

18.26/DLH

18.26/DLH

18.26/Mayor

18.26/Mayor

18.26/Mayor

18.26/State

Highway

Authority

18.26/State

Highway

Authority

18.26/Mayor

18.26/Mayor

18.26/DLH

18.26/Gen. Dir. of

Atatürk Airport

Project Financing Stage of projectDue for

completion

Guarantee

Reference

1 Ministry of Transportation General Directorate of Railways, Harbours and Airports Construction

2 Overseas Economic Co-operation Fund of Japan

3 Istanbul Olympic Bidding Committee

4 Project completion date

1814

15.1 Plans et méthodes de recrutement 15.2 Niveau d’ouverture du marché 15.3 Licences accordées15.4 Organismes régulateurs du marché15.5 Gestion des fréquences15.6 Infrastructures de téléphonie fixe et de transmissions de données15.7 Infrastructures de téléphonie mobile15.8 Infrastructures satellites et sous-marines15.9 Infrastructures Internet15.10 Réseaux radios privés15.11 Services offerts 15.12 Tarifs15.13 Nouvelles organizations, infrastructures et nouveaux services

Plans and Methods of Recruitment 15.1

The Market's Level of Openness 15.2

Licences Awarded 15.3

Regulatory Bodies for the Market 15.4

Frequency Control 15.5

Fixed Telephony and Data Transmission Infrastructure 15.6

Mobile Telephony Infrastructure 15.7

Satellite and Submarine Infrastructures 15.8

Internet Infrastructures 15.9

Private Radio Networks 15.10

Services Offered 15.11

Tariffs 15.12

New Organisations, Infrastructure and Services 15.13

15 TechnologyTechnologie

THE MARKET’S LEVEL

OF OPENNESS TO

COMPETITION

A new law, which came into effect in

January 2000, brought fundamental

changes to the regulated telecommu-

nications environment in Turkey and

introduced a significant step towards the

liberalisation of the sector and the

privatisation process. The key results of

the new legislation were the formation of

an independent regulatory body, the lifting

of the monopoly in basic voice and data

services by 31 December 2003, complete

liberalisation of value added services,

introduction of price regulations, and a

plain definition of interconnection

procedures. A government plan to sell 33.5

percent of Turk Telekom shares to a

strategic partner was passed in December

2000.

At present, there are two mobile telephone

operators in Turkey, namely TURKCELL

and TELS‹M. Two additional operators will

commence activities in 2001. One of these

new operators will be Turk Telekom itself,

and the other, ISTIM will be a joint venture

between ‹fl Bankas›, a major local bank, and

an Italian partner, Telecom Italia.

Other telecommunication service

providers in Turkey are six cable TV

operators, more than 80 Internet service

providers, two VSAT operators – COMSAT

and VER‹NET – and Dexar, which provides

DirectPC services of Hughes Network

Systems and supplies the NOC of Turkey.

LICENCES AWARDED

As fixed voice and data networks are

solely installed and operated by Turk

Telekom, there are no licenses issued in

this category.

Two licenses were issued for GSM 900 in

1994, and two for GSM 1800 in April 2000.

3 15Volume Technology 87

PLANS AND METHODS OF

RECRUITMENT

The IOBC considers that the major

part of the staffing and training work for

the technology requirements of the

Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games will depend

on close co-operation with the key

sponsors, which already have well-

established branches in Turkey, and several

third-party service providers. One of the

main missions of the Istanbul OCOG’s

Technology Department will be managing

and co-ordinating these sponsors and

service providers in fulfilling staffing and

training requirements.

The IOBC estimates that 200 person-years

will be required for the design,

development, testing, standardisation and

implementation phases of the Olympic

telecommunications and information

system. In addition, around 5,000

volunteers, 750 of them specialists, will be

needed to carry out technology services

during the time of the Games.

In order to hire the relatively large number

of specifically skilled staff, especially in the

venue technology implementation field,

the Istanbul OCOG will take into

consideration market place (and above)

salaries, and seek recruitment of personnel

who have participated either in previous

Games or similar-sized one-off events.

Furthermore, it will also engage short and

medium term specialist consultants to

carry out specific jobs.

As to volunteers, recruitment, training and

management policy will primarily be based

on the contractual obligations of

technology sponsors. Turkey’s rapidly

growing body of non-governmental

voluntary organisations, and Istanbul’s

currently 300,000-strong pool of youth in

higher education, will provide the Istanbul

OCOG with a vast source of potential

volunteers.

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315


No third generation UMTS licenses have

been awarded to date.

REGULATORY BODIES FOR

THE MARKET

The Ministry of Communications is

exclusively responsible for setting the

policies for the telecommunications sector

in Turkey. At present, it is also responsible

for issuing new licenses, e.g. for UMTS.

On 15 August 2000, the Telecommu-

nications Authority replaced the former

General Directorate of Radio Trans-

missions. The Authority has the res-

ponsibility to regulate the industry in

economic and technical terms, to control

and supervise it, to arbitrate the interfaces,

to plan and allocate the frequency

spectrum, and to ensure that a competitive

atmosphere prevails in the sector. It is an

independent, legal public entity with

administrative and financial autonomy, and

governed by a Telecommunications Board.

FREQUENCY CONTROL

The body responsible for

controlling the frequencies

The Telecommunications Authority,

described above under paragraph 15.4, is

responsible for allocating and controlling

radio transmission frequencies.

Tariffs

Payment will be required for the

reservation of radio transmission

frequencies during the period of the

Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games.

What follows is a representative summary

of the tariffs set for the year 2001, in US$

equivalents at the current exchange rate.

The amounts represent rates for a one-

year frequency reservation; for

reservations of periods shorter than six

months, rates should be calculated by

multiplying the respective yearly rate by

the respective fraction of the year for

which the reservation is sought.

1. ‘Right to use’ certificate US$

Radio transmitters up to 50kW (per terminal) 11.4

TV transmitters (each) 22.8

Transponders (each) 11.4

120 channel radio link system (per terminal) 22.8

Radio-TV- telecommunication satellite ground terminal (each) 57.0

2. Operational fees

a. VHF,UHF, SHF systems (per channel, per terminal)

Simplex channels 2.28

Duplex channels 4.56

Duplex relay channels 6.84

b. Radio link systems (per hop, per channel) 0.23

c. Satellite stationary ground terminal 114.00

Assurance

For a letter by the Chairman of the

Telecommunications Authority, confirming

that the Authority is prepared to allocate

the necessary frequencies for the

organisation of the 2008 Istanbul Games,

and will include reservation of these

frequencies as required in its allocation

plans for the proposed Games period,

please refer to Theme 18, Ref. 18.27.

FIXED TELEPHONY AND

DATA TRANSMISSION

INFRASTRUCTURE

Level of domestic telephony

facilities

The level of telephony penetration, as

of November 2000, in Turkey and in

Istanbul, is presented below in table form.

Telephony Turkey Istanbul

Digital lines 17,524,000 3,900,000

Analogue lines 3,145,000 100,000

Total lines 20,669,000 4,000,000

Penetration level 31 % 39 %

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Level of the telephone network

Turk Telekom’s telephone network in

public switching is mainly digital, using

products of Nortel Networks (DMS100),

Alcatel (S12), and Siemens (EWSD). At

present, there are no operators other than

Turk Telekom in the public switching network.

Level of digitisation

Eighty-five percent of the telephone

network is digitised.

Data transmission services

There are two data transmission

networks providing service in Turkey.

Maximum rate for the services provided is

2.4 Gbit/second.

TURPAK (Turkish Packet Switched Data

Network) supports ITI, DIAL-UP, X-25, SDLC,

and Frame Relay.

This network is accessible all around

Turkey, with 87/113 Mbps international

connections provided to 68 countries and

72 networks. Direct access to TURPAK

services is provided via ITI, X.25 and SDLC

protocols. Access over the telephone

network is via public access (ITI) and

specific access (ITI, X.32, X.25) protocols.

The TTNET (Turk Telekom’s public IT

network) operates with the following

technologies: FR/LL, PSTN, ATM, ADSL, B-

ISDN.

Backbone 155 Mbps (ATM Rings), with redundancy

Intercity 2/34 Mbps

Istanbul-Europe 8/34 Mbps via Turksat satellite

Istanbul-USA 45/45 Mbps via fibre optic cable

Ankara-USA 34/34 Mbps via fibre optic cable

There are two public TDM networks in

operation at the present:

NEWBRIDGE

Leased line subscribers can access the

network from 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps speed

with integrated modems. HDSL

technology is also used in the Newbridge

TDM network. Newbridge TDM nodes are

installed in more than 80 cities.

TELLABS

High speed point to point data

connectivity and frame relay access

requirements are satisfied via this

network.

The two networks (Newbridge and Tellabs)

are connected with each other via 2 Mbps

gateways to provide interconnection

among the users of the two networks. The

VPN (Virtual Private Network) service is

also made available for the users of the

two TDM networks. By the VPN facility, the

users of each TDM network can manage

their private networks.

Level of security

The security of the Turk Telekom

fixed infrastructure is maintained against:

1) Disruption due to breakdowns and

sabotage: There are alternate routes of

fibre optic cable between telephone

exchanges. All cable is underground.

Manholes at 70-metre intervals are

connected with multi-conduit runs.

Splicing is done in the manholes.

2) Interference by competitors or

undesirable elements: Standard levels of

security are provided by Turk Telekom’s

own staff and the police.

Virtual private networks

Virtual private networks are available

on the Turk Telekom Network, such as

TTNET and TURPAK.

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GSM 1800 Mhz. system will start operation

in January 2001. Third generation UMTS

has not been licensed as yet.

Support of WAP and GPRS

type protocols

The above-described networks

support WAP and GPRS protocols.

Sufficiency of installed

stations

Present mobile telephony operators

currently have sufficient network

equipment to cover a traffic over and

above that normally expected during daily

peak hours, as well as during national

holidays. If Istanbul is elected to host the

2008 Games, such equipment will be

supplemented in sufficient quantities to

carry the traffic expected during period of

the Games.

Radio frequency distribution

The radio frequency distribution by

mobile telephony service operators in

Turkey is shown below in table form:

Operator System Channels - frequency

TURKCELL GSM900 50 channels in the 900 MHz frequency band

TELS‹M GSM900 50 channels in the 900 MHz frequency band

ISTIM GSM 1800 6 channels in the 900 MHz frequency band

75 channels in the 1800 MHz frequency band

Pager network

A pager network with 150,000

subscribers is currently in operation.

Connection between sites

All sites scheduled to host events of

the Istanbul 2008 Games are connected by

fibre optic networks for the transmission of

voice, video and data signals. Plans have

been already put into place to install a new

switching centre within the Olympic Park.

MOBILE TELEPHONY

INFRASTRUCTURE

Level of mobile telephone

facilities

Nationwide, there are, as of end-

November 2000, 15.7 million mobile

telephone subscribers in a population of 65.8

million, which means a penetration rate of 24

percent. Turkey has the highest rate of

increase of usage of mobile phones in Europe.

Territory covered

The two operators (TURKCELL uses

Ericsson, and TELS‹M uses Motorola and

Nokia equipment), singly or combined, cover

all the cities, all interconnecting highways,

and the coastline. Considering the size of

the country, there may be parts too remote

to provide coverage, but the penetration

rate achieved in only five years of operation

and the enthusiasm of the public for

wireless telephony should ensure maximum

possible coverage in the near future.

The province and the city of Istanbul have

total mobile telephone coverage. The

network is fully capable of servicing the

traffic expected during the Games.

Types of service offered

Second generation GSM 900 Mhz.

service has been available since 1994. The


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SATELLITE AND

SUBMARINE

INFRASTRUCTURES

Two companies, COMSAT and

VER‹NET, provide VSAT (very small

aperture terminal) services via TURKSAT

satellites. They are joint ventures operating

on a revenue-share basis.

COMSAT, owned by Turk Telekom and the

Lockheed Martin Corporation, provides

satellite technology and global commu-

nication network services.

VER‹NET, owned by Turk Telekom and

Hughes Network Systems, provide ISBN

(integrated satellite business network)

communications to government and

private organisations via TURKSAT’s

already operational two satellites

(TURKSAT 1B and TURKSAT 1C), national

and international SCPC links, the Internet

backbone connections and the nationwide

integrated (satellite and terrestrial) VPN

solutions. On the other hand, Turk

Telekom’s submarine fibre optic cable

systems include:

EMOS-1 Eastern Mediterranean

System, in use since 1990

SEA ME WE-2 Southeast Asia, the Middle

East, Western European

system, in use since 1994

ITUR Italy, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia

system, in use since 1996

KAFOS Black Sea fibre system, in

use since 1997

SEA ME WE-3 Domestic fibre optic cable

system

INTERNET

INFRASTRUCTURES

Internet service providers

At present, there are more than 80

Internet service providers in the country.

The largest seven service more than 80

percent of the user base.

Internet subscribers

Number of subscribers to Turkey’s

more than 80 Internet service providers is

conservatively estimated to be close to two

million.

Types of broad band rapid

Internet access

There are 2,500 cable Internet

subscribers, covered by six service

providers. ADSL will be widely deployed in

2001. Satellite based broad band Internet

services are offered by Dexar, which

provides the DirectPC services of Hughes

Network Systems in Turkey.

PRIVATE RADIO

NETWORKS

Trunk radio type services

There are no trunk type private radio

networks in Turkey. For such public networks,

on the other hand, the Telecommunications

Authority, described above under paragraph

15.4, allocates frequencies for voice, data and

video services.

Trunk type networks in

operation

Turk Telekom operates the nationwide

public radio network. Other major public

radio networks with local and regional

coverage are operated by the National

Police, the Natural Gas Company (BOTAfi),

and the Electricity Generating and

Distribution Company (TEAfi).

Subscribers

The above-mentioned radio networks

serve no subscribers outside of their networks.

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Charge Band I: Bosnia-Herzegovina,

Bulgaria, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldavia,

Greece.

Charge Band II: European countries (except

those included in Charge Band I), Albania,

Azerbaijan, Gibraltar, Algeria, Czech

Republic, Estonia, Morocco, Georgia,

Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Latvia, Libya, Malta,

Nakhjivan, Uzbekistan, Romania, Slovak

Republic, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia,

Turkmenistan, Ukraine.

Charge Band III: USA, Canada, other countries

having the country code “1”, and Kazakhstan,

Israel, Russian Federation, Tataristan


SERVICES OFFERED

Prepaid telephone card services exist

for both fixed and mobile services. Turk

Telekom’s 78,000 payphones across the

country accept prepaid telephone cards.

Mobile telephony operators, on the other

hand, have 6.2 million prepaid card mobile

phones in service as of end-November 2000.

TARIFFS

Present rates for domestic telephone

calls (all automatic) are provided in table

form in approximate US$ equivalents.

1215

1115

Time (sec) allowed per unit (US$0.035 as of 15 December 2000)

Charge Band Full Reduced 30 percent

(Mon- Sat 22:00-09:00 and Sundays)

I 5.6 7

II 3.6 5.6

III 2.4 3

IV 1.4 1.8

Time (sec) allowed per unit (US$0.035 as of 15 December 2000)

Reduced 30 percent Reduced 40 percent (Mon-Fri 07:00-08:00; (Mon-Sat 22:30-07:00;

Full Mon-Fri 20:00-22:30; Sat 22:30-Mon 07:00)

Catgories (Mon-Fri 08:00-20:00) Sat. 07:00- 22:30)

Local call 60 85.7 100

Intra-metropolitan 30 42.9 50

Trunk 15 21.4 25

To the NMT network 12 - -

To the GSM network 6 - -

Rates for international telephone calls are

as follows:

Charge Band IV: European countries

(except included in Charge Band II and III),

Iceland, Lithuania, Afghanistan, Mongolia

NEW ORGANISATIONS,

INFRASTRUCTURE AND

SERVICES

In the event that Istanbul is awarded

the 2008 Games, all Olympic facilities and

the Olympic Family hotels will be equipped

with a private ATM-based network (the

Olympic Network), which will support and

integrate B-ISDN, IN, and No 7 signalling

systems. The Olympic Network's

infrastructure will offer ATM services, with

ATM switches integrating all services and

providing interconnection and interfacing

with existing telephone, long-distance

telecommunication services and value-

added services provided by Türk Telekom’s

networks.

The Olympic Network will provide:

■ High availability guaranteed by a

redundancy of network and transmission

lines,

■ Voice, data and video transmision,

■ Direct connection to the international

telecommunication systems of Turk

Telekom via fibre-optic cable systems,

■ ATM-based digital interface (the digital

home network) for connection to home-

working terminals (microcomputers,

portable workstations, etc.).

The following services will be available:

Telephone and Data:

25,000 lines

Speech band for telephone: 300-3400 Hz.

Dial-up data communication: 0.3-64 Kbps.

ISDN 2B+D 15,000

ISDN 30B+D 1,000

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INTERNET: Presently 2 Mbps; an outgoing

bandwith of 96 Mbps during the Games

period for the needs of the Olympic Family

and for providing sufficient Internet access

to Olympic information all over the world.

Packet-Switched Data Services: TURPAK

Video Conferencing: Local and inter-

national, with a speed of 2 Mbit-64 Kbps.

Satellite services: To be provided on demand

Every room in the Olympic, Media and

Judges’ and Referees' villages and in the

Olympic Family hotels will have:

■ Video on demand and cable TV,

■ On-line telemarketing, teleshopping

telepublication, telelearning cultures

(virtual museum etc.), the latest Olympic

Games results and videos, voice and data

mailing, information services, news,

multimedia mail and entertainment,

■ INTERNET access,

■ ISDN telephone services,

■ Digital VOD, analog broadcast, HDTV,

interactive multimedia and high-speed

data transmission.

Interactive information access points and

multimedia kiosks will be provided. Video

access to all video sequences will be

provided from any of the client stations (of

which there will be at least 10,000) and

video will be further available on the

Internet.

The Istanbul OCOG’s internal

communications system will make

available:

■ Radio Communication: VHF 168-169 MHz.

■ Paging: A supplementary capacity for

serving 5,000 additional pagers

■ GSM: An additional 16x2 Mbit

transmission capacity

■ Public Telephone: 3,000 public telephones

to be installed in Olympic facilities

(freephone, credit card call, payphone)

The whole Olympic Network will be ATM-

based at maximum viable speeds over

fiber-optic lines. There will be a mixture of

mainframe and distributed servers. The

mainframe will function as a data centre

server providing for maximum reliability

and will be further backed up by disaster

recovery sites at Izmir and Ankara. The

distributed servers at various sites will be

fail safe scaleable (UNIX or NT) servers

with RAID disk systems for further

reliability. The client/server type of

applications will also be Internet enabled

and will be based on distributed RDMBs

with replication functionality. The system

will be developed as an object oriented

system allowing for maximum flexibility

and use during the 2008 Olympics.

There will be several LANs in the Olympic

sites and venues. Each server in the

network will be doubled, and servers will

provide multipost access to disk as a

generic failure mechanism for network-

based services, with a view to attaining

high availability. Should one node become

unavailable, users on the remaining nodes

will continue to be able to undertake

database work, while users on the failed

node will be able to switch to another node

and continue processing. The remaining

nodes will automatically recover

completed work on the failed node without

the need for intervention by the database

administrator, thus minimising downtime.

Broadcasting equipment can also be

connected to the ATM backbone under the

control of the SDVN (switched digital video

network) manager. Timing and

scoreboards, multimedia services and

integration will be managed by the

backbone. For local and international

telecommunications there will be two

different fibre-optic lines (with a view to

redundancy) connected to the backbone.

Two Internet connections will also be

attached via two routers to the ATM

backbone.


There will be two LANs connected to the

ATM backbone, and 5,000 PCs attached to

the LANs. Finally, areas lying outside the

ATM Link will be attached to the backbone

via routers.

Overall, the quantities planned for the

Olympic information system are as follows:

1,000 handheld/notebook computers with

GSM connectivity

2,000 information access/multimedia

kiosks

2,000 notebook PCs

5,000 stationary PCs

30 distributed fail safe scaleable servers

2 mainframes

For a letter of the Minister of Commun-

ications, confirming the Ministry’s

commitment to make all the necessary

arrangements with the concerned bodies

(present and future) to the effect that new

organisations, infrastructure and services

of value planned for the Istanbul Games be

put in place according to the proposed

schedule, please refer to Theme 18, Ref.

18.28. The letter also asserts that the

Ministry will take all the measures to meet

the requirements of the Istanbul OCOG in

terms of telecommunications

infrastructure needed for a successful

staging of the Games.

The IOBC’s vision of the Olympic Games 16.1

Image building 16.2

Communication function 16.3

Location of the Main Media Centre (MMC) 16.4

Present state of the premises 16.5

Post-Olympic use 16.6

Media Village 16.7

Experience of media coverage 16.8

Olympic Broadcasting Organisation 16.9

16.1 Vision du CCOI des Jeux Olympiques16.2 Construction d’une image et promotion16.3 Fonction de communication 16.4 Emplacement du Centre Principal des Médias (CPM)16.5 Etat actuel des lieux16.6 Utilisation post-olympique16.7 Village des Médias16.8 Expérience de couverture par les médias16.9 Organisation de radio et télévision olympiques

16Communications and

Media Services

Services de laCommunication et

des Médias

organises grassroots activity around social

projects. Involvement of the young in these

organisations is particularly striking.

The major challenge is that all sorts of

communications programmes exploit, if

not actually abuse, the concept of youth.

Communications for the Istanbul Games

must be particularly attentive in this

matter, building on the strong bond

between youth and sports.

IMAGE BUILDING AND

PROMOTION

The local communications strategy of

the Istanbul OCOG will be based on a clear

identification of audiences. The IOBC

foresees that the three main audience

streams in the building and promotion of

the image of the 2008 Istanbul Olympic

and Paralympic Games will be:

■ corporate stakeholders (other than

sponsors),

■ public and civic partners, and

■ the local population at large.

In terms of communications strategies,

corporate stakeholders comprise all

businesses that may have an interest in the

opportunities and legacies promised by a

successful staging of the Games. The

Istanbul OCOG’s Communications

Department will work with the local

chambers of commerce and industry, as

well as the associations of tourism

operators, as partner organisations. It will

supply them detailed information on the

economic impact of the Games, help them

prepare to manage such impact, and

commit them to a high standard of Olympic

hospitality.

Public and civic partners include:

■ central and local government bodies that

will share responsibility in preparing the

city to host the Games and in providing a

full range of services to the Olympic

Family and all other Olympic visitors,

3 16Volume Communications and Media Services 105

VISION

Youth dominates the IOBC’s vision of

the Istanbul Olympic Games. The concept

has direct relevance to Istanbul’s primary

motivation in bidding for the third

consecutive time. It also reflects the spirit

of Olympism and of the city itself.

The Olympic Games provide Istanbul with

the single most effective means to

revolutionise the life experience of Turkish

youth. The overwhelming social

significance of youth for the city and the

national government, lends to the Istanbul

Games the character of a social project.

The emphasis on the social nature of

Istanbul’s Olympic effort and the parallel

mobilisation of the general public will

contribute to civic confidence and

empowerment. Young people of all ages

will be inspired to participate in the

rejuvenating experience of organising the

Olympic Games. This will augment inter-

generational and inter-cultural exchange.

The specifically targeted social legacy of

the Istanbul Games, on the other hand, is

sport. Not only do the sporting community

and the authorities attach overwhelming

significance to educating the young

through sports, but also public opinion in

Istanbul and throughout the country

supports Istanbul’s candidacy with

reference to sports. Public opinion clearly

emphasises the need for wider interest and

participation in a variety of sports.

Connected with this, it also looks forward

to Istanbul’s acquiring greater experience

in organising major sports events.

In terms of communications, this vision of

the Olympic Games presents several

opportunities. Above all, it can be well

developed within the already responsive

public and particularly the receptive youth.

Furthermore, the OCOG’s communications

efforts will be in full accord with the

growing NGO movement that successfully

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■ non-governmental organisations influential

in the formation of public opinion, and

■ the media.

To cultivate the support and interest of the

local population, the Communications

Department will run a series of community

relations and involvement programmes.

These efforts will be co-ordinated with the

comprehensive educational programmes

of the OCOG, described in Theme 17, under

paragraph 17.1. This co-ordination will

ensure that university and secondary

school students play an enthusiastic part in

the communications strategy.

Internationally, the communications strategy

of the Istanbul OCOG will focus on publicising

the assets Istanbul offers to the Olympic

Movement: the city’s extraordinary location,

wealth of culture, and the enthusiasm of its

youthful population. It will emphasise these

assets to promote Olympism as well as the

sporting merits of the Games, including their

social, educational, aesthetic and moral

aspects. In particular, it will prioritise

initiatives to uphold peace and human

understanding, including the promotion of

the Olympic Truce.

STRUCTURE OF THE

COMMUNICATIONS

FUNCTION

In accordance with IOC rules, the

IOBC communications function presently

focuses on national and local promotion

of Istanbul’s candidacy. To this end, the

IOBC has a department of Public and

Media Relations and benefits from the

services of a communications firm. In the

event that Istanbul is awarded the 2008

Olympic Games, the IOBC will transform

into the Istanbul OCOG, which will appoint

a Communications Director at executive

position.

The Communications Director will act as

the official spokesperson of the OCOG.

He/she will guide the communications

team in collaborating with other executive-

level offices, including transport,

marketing, environment, finance and

logistics. Early development of the

communications team will proceed from

priorities established in terms of

stakeholders and respective methods of

approach. Managing Directors who will

exercise power and control over specific

aspects of communications will provide

continual input to the Communications

Director. Their responsibilities will include

testing and measuring the effect of various

communications projects with a view to

prompting corrective action where

necessary.

If Istanbul is awarded the 2008 Games, the

IOBC will also seek international advice and

draw from the experience of previous host

cities in structuring the communications

function within the OCOG.

LOCATION OF THE MAIN

MEDIA CENTRE (MMC)

For the 2008 Istanbul Olympic

Games, the Main Press Centre (MPC) and

the International Broadcasting Centre

(IBC) will be installed in the same premises,

namely, the exhibition centre of the

Istanbul World Trade Centre (IWTC)

complex. This integrated facility will

therefore be referred to as the Main Media

Centre (MMC), which will also include the

main media accreditation centre.

As demonstrated on the map provided, the

MMC will be located within walking

distance of Istanbul International Airport.

The distance from the IWTC to the site of

the Olympic and Media villages is 10

kilometres (15 minutes), and 13 kilometres

to the Olympic Park. Mydonose Showland,

the proposed venue for the weightlifting

events, is also part of the IWTC complex. In

2001 the site of the MMC will be linked to

Istanbul’s light rail system, which will also

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provide access to the villages and the

Olympic Park. In addition, all media

representatives will be able to make use of

a round-the-clock official shuttle, to be

established by the OCOG, which will ensure

free transport between all Olympic sites.

PRESENT STATE OF THE

PREMISES

The eight interlinked exhibition halls of

the IWTC complex that will house the MMC,

with a total surface area of 85,000 square

metres, already exist and are fully

operational. They are surrounded by an

open area of 38,000 square metres,

currently providing parking space for 3,250

vehicles. Part of this open area may be used

to erect temporary structures to meet any

additional covered space requirements of

the media.

Of the total 85,000 square metre area

proposed for the MMC facilities, 63,400

square metres (six exhibition halls) will be

reserved for the International Broadcasting

Centre and 21,600 square metres (two

516 exhibition halls) for the Main Press Centre.

The IWTC’s exhibition centre already

houses four meeting halls, an auditorium, a

press centre, a VIP lobby, five dining rooms,

and executive service offices. Two fsuperior

category hotels (providing a total of 1,270

beds) will be added to the IWTC complex in

2003. One of these hotels will offer a multi-

purpose hall with a total area 7,400 square

metres, divisible to three sections suitable

for conference and hospitality purposes.

The selection of the IWTC complex for the

premises of the MMC is primarily due to its

convenient location in relation to the

Olympic sites, and its proximity to Istanbul

International Airport, via which the great

majority of media representatives are

expected to enter Turkey.

Venue kmPeakhours

Off peakhours

Olympic Village/Js’Rs’ Village/Media Village 10 15 10

Olympic Stadium/Olympic Village 13 20 12

Main Hotel Area 1 (Taksim) 21 25 20

Main Hotel Area 2 (Old city-Sultanahmet) 13 18 12

Main Hotel Area 3 (Befliktafl) 20 26 15

Main Hotel Area 4 (Bak›rköy) 8 15 12

confirming that the Olympic, Media and

Judges’ and Referees’ villages will be

constructed as a part of the Halkal› Housing

Project and will be allowed to be used

accordance with the IOC guidelines, please

refer to Theme 18, 18.17 and 18.

EXPERIENCE OF MEDIA

COVERAGE

Turkey’s public broadcasting company,

the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

(TRT), has extensive experience in the live

coverage of high-level international and

national events.

Among the important events covered over

the past 10 years were:

■ ANZAC Day, Çanakkale, northwestern

Turkey (1990)

■ The US-based Teleconference on Global

Values (1991)

■ The founding summit of the Black Sea

Economic Cooperation, Istanbul (1991)

■ The Organisation of Islamic Conference,

Foreign Ministers meeting(1992)

■ The joint meeting of the European

Council and Turkic States (1992)

■ The Ankara Summit of Turkic States

(1992)

■ The Istanbul Summit of the Economic

Co-operation Organisation (1993)

■ The First Congress of Turkic States,

Istanbul (1993)

■ The Second Congress of Turkic States,

held in Izmir (1994)

■ The launch of the Türksat-1B satellite

from French Guiana (1994)

■ The NATO meeting, held in the Ç›ra¤an

Palace Hotel Kempinski, Istanbul (1994)

■ The Bishkek (Kirghizstan) Summit of

Turkic States (1995)

■ The plenary session of the European

Parliament at which the customs union

between Turkey and Europe was voted on

(1995)

■ The opening and closing ceremonies and

primary sessions of the Habitat II UN


An agreement has been reached with the

owners of the IWTC for housing the MMC at

the IWTC complex if Istanbul is elected to

host the 2008 Olympic Games. A letter

committing the Istanbul World Trade Centre

Inc., to make the IWTC premises available for

housing the MMC, is included under Theme

18, Ref. 18.29.

POST-OLYMPIC USE

The premises that will house the MMC

facilities, including the planned

International Congress Centre, are part of a

world-class trade centre currently

operating as the largest trade fair facility in

Eurasia. Following its Olympic use during

the Istanbul 2008 Games, it will continue to

serve the world’s business community.

MEDIA VILLAGE

The Media Village is planned so as to

be in close proximity to the Olympic Village,

and like the latter, will be part of the Halkal›

Housing Project undertaken by the Housing

Administration of Turkey (Toplu Konut

‹daresi - TOK‹). It will be 10 kilometres from

the IBC, MPC and Istanbul International

Airport, 3 kilometres from the Olympic Park

(which will also be connected to the village

by shuttle), and 22 kilometres from the city

centre. All Olympic sites, excluding the

Klassis Country Club (equestrian events)

and Caddebostan (sailing), are within 30

minutes’ drive, while trips to the latter two

take 60 minutes and 40 minutes

respectively.

The Media Village is designed to

accommodate nearly 90 percent of all media

representatives, that is, approximately

15,000 people. Accommodation in the Media

Village will take the form of four-storey

apartment blocks, equipped and

professionally attended for Olympic use.

For letters from the President of the

Housing Administration of Turkey,

816

716

616


Conference on Human Settlements

(1996).

■ The Balkan Summit, Antalya (1998)

■ The OSCE Istanbul Summit (1999)

■ President Clinton’s visit to Turkey (1999)

Among international sports events

broadcast live by the TRT have been:

■ All Olympic Summer and Winter Games

since 1972

■ All World and European soccer

championships since 1970

■ All Mediterranean Games since 1970

■ World athletics, gymnastics, swimming

and figure-skating competitions since 1976

■ All World and European weightlifting

championships since 1987

■ World Grass-Skiing Championships (1991)

■ The March of World Environmental

Scouts, Ankara (1991)

■ Final Four Basketball Championships,

Istanbul (1992)

■ European Grass-Skiing Championships,

Bursa, northwestern Turkey (1992)

■ European Boxing Championships, Bursa

(1993)

■ Eurasia Marathon, Istanbul (annualy

since 1996)

■ World Indoor Archery Championships,

Istanbul (1997)

■ Balkan Athletics Championships,

Istanbul (1997)

■ European Wrestling Championships,

Istanbul (1997)

■ The First World Air Games, Ephesus,

Samsun, Cappadocia (1997)

■ World Wrestling Championships, Ankara

(1999)

■ European Judo Teams Championships,

Istanbul (1999)

■ European Swimming Championships,

Istanbul (1999)

■ World Billiard Championships, Antalya

(1999)

■ European Archery Championship,

Antalya, southern Turkey (1999)

Major national football, basketball,

volleyball and handball events are regularly

broadcast live by the TRT channels as well

as by several private television channels.

OLYMPIC BROADCASTING

ORGANISATION

The future Istanbul OCOG will set up

the Istanbul Olympic Broadcasting

Organisation (IOBO) before the end of

2001, with the main missions of:

■ designing, installing, equipping and

operating the IBC, and providing facilities

and services to broadcast rights holders,

■ producing and distributing international

television and radio signals from

competition venues, and

■ advising the Istanbul OCOG on

broadcasters’ requirements for venue

design and construction (e.g. camera

positions, commentary positions, etc.).

The IOBO’s structure will comprise nine

permanent functions to be put in place

from its very inception. These functions

are: management, business affairs and

staffing, co-ordination and planning,

production, engineering, broadcast

information, logistics, booking, and venue

management. During the Games period,

the IOBO will employ venue management

teams at each venue, and the entire host

broadcasting operation will be co-

ordinated at the IBC.

The IOBC estimates that the IOBO’s full-

time personnel will reach 250 as time leads

to the Games period, and its staff will rise

to 3,500 during the time of the Games.

Hiring of personnel with a range of

Olympic, broadcasting and management

experience will be a top priority of the

IOBO’s staffing policy.

916

Educational Programmes 17.1

Cultural Programme 17.2

Budget 17.3

Opening and Closing 17.4

Ceremonies

Youth Camp 17.5

17.1 Programmes d’éducation17.2 Programme culturel17.3 Budget17.4 Cérémonie d’ouverture et de clôture.17.5 Camp de jeunesse

17 Olympism and CultureOlympisme et Culture

Olympic Pioneers from all over the country.

This will take place at two-week summer

courses in camps organised in localities in

Anatolia close to where athletic events

were held in ancient times. Participants will

be selected from among adolescents aged

15-16, who have been engaged in active

sports for the past three to four years and

whose skills and dedication to the Olympic

ideals are confirmed by their teachers of

physical education or coaches. They will be

given courses on Olympism, Olympic

history and the Istanbul Olympic Games;

doping; sports and the environment; sports

sciences and sports culture; physical,

cognitive and social development of the

individual; youth leadership; and

behavioural excellence. Every year, the

programme will be conducted in three

parallel cycles at five different campsites,

with the participation of 50 candidates and

10 educators in each course.

Another project for which the IOBC has

already detected considerable interest

within academic circles, and which will

require from the Istanbul OCOG

considerable co-ordination work, will be

entitled “Olympism in the University”. The

project envisages organisation of Olympic

awareness programmes by seven

universities, one from each of Turkey’s

seven geographical regions, as local focus

centres. These programmes will consist of

seminars and workshops on Olympism as a

philosophy of life, expeditions to ancient

Olympic sites in Anatolia, and also

selective courses in “Olympism and the

Olympic Games”. The OCOG will arrange

that university students who satisfactorily

fulfil the requirements of such courses

spread in groups across the country to act

as instructors of Olympism in regular

summertime youth camps conducted by

the General Directorate of Youth and

Sports (GDYS).

Of the other target groups, young working

people aged 17-24 and non-working young

women, will be given the opportunity to

3 17Volume Olympism and Culture 117

EDUCATIONAL

PROGRAMMES

The educational programmes of the

Istanbul OCOG during the run-up to the

2008 Games will be based on the concept

of fostering the Olympic spirit in all

sections of the local population.

Inspiring the young people of Istanbul with

the principles of Olympism and preparing

them for the tasks of playing host to the

Games will be an essential part of this

strategy. A segmentation of this target

population, especially a differentiated

approach to university students, secondary

school students, working youth, and non-

working young women, will help the

OCOG’s educational programmes meet

their objectives.

Although focussing on younger

Istanbulites, Istanbul’s Olympic educational

programmes will also target all of the

country’s youth. In Istanbul itself, a wide

range of stakeholders – from taxi drivers to

food service personnel, from police officers

to salespeople – will be addressed with a

view to preparing them for their individual

roles in the smooth running of the Games.

Mindful of the enormous importance the

Olympic Movement attaches to sustainable

development and the protection of the

environment, the Istanbul OCOG will make

the raising of environmental awareness a

pivotal element of its educational

programmes.

All of Istanbul’s Olympic education

programmes for the 2008 Games will be

run as joint initiatives, bringing together

various public and private bodies in

projects co-ordinated by the OCOG’s

Education Department.

One of these programmes aims at

educating, over a six-year period (2002

through 2007), a total of 5,000 Young

117


benefit from the programme at the

summer schools of the same universities.

As to working youths below the age of 17, a

large number of adolescents working in

industry as apprentices will be targeted by

a special Olympic awareness and education

programme. In this venture, the Istanbul

OCOG will avail itself of the generous co-

operation of the Fiflek Foundation for

Working Children.

Adolescents enrolled in secondary schools

all over the country, on the other hand, are

going to benefit from a programme of

regular class meetings at all grades, at

which a set of courses on all topics of

Olympism will be covered. The Ministry of

Education has already confirmed its

willingness to co-operate with the IOBC in

the preparation of such a curriculum.

The GDYS, which is already represented on

the IOBC and which will remain part of the

Istanbul OCOG, will integrate its regular

summertime one-week youth camps with

the educational programme for the 2008

Istanbul Olympic Games. Such camps,

staged at seaside resorts, were attended

by an annual average of 10,000 young

people aged between 12 and 24 over the

past decade, and will turn into loci of

Olympic education throughout the period

of Turkey’s preparation to host the Games.

The GDYS’s 104 “youth clubs” in town

centres all over the country also offer their

resources for supporting the above-

described educational programmes.

In the year 2000, the GDYS introduced a

separate programme of youth camps,

called “Youth Participation in Social

Betterment”, covering all 81 provinces of

Turkey. In its inaugural year, a total of

30,000 young people aged 18–24

participated in the programme, paying a

very modest fee equivalent to less than

US$20 per person for a one-week event.

The programme basically aims at

mobilising young people’s energy,

especially for the betterment of local

environmental conditions. In agreement

with the GDYS, the IOBC intends to develop

this programme, in case Istanbul is

awarded the 2008 Olympic Games, into a

national youth campaign of environmental

regeneration that will gain for the whole

country around 200,000 environmental

activists imbued with the Olympic

philosophy of life.

Turkey’s around 30,000 scouts, led by the

Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey

(member of the World Organisation of the

Scout Movement since 1950) controlled by

the GDYS, already pursue a programme of

community leadership in environmental

regeneration. The 2001 leg of their

programme of environmental activity will

include a complete cleansing of Mount

Olympus, Antalya, where flames have

burnt for millennia on an effusion of

natural gas. Several researchers have

suggested that the flames of Antalya’s

Mount Olympus must have inspired the

flame at Olympia, Greece.

Last but not least, in 2001 the GDYS will

inaugurate an annual international event,

the Golden Horn Folk Dances Contest

Among World Universities. This will link the

communications and educational

programmes for the 2008 Olympics with

the four-year cultural programme (see

paragraph 17.2 below) that the IOBC

proposes to celebrate the XXIX Olympiad.

Such an event will uniquely fit into the

IOBC’s conception of Olympic

consciousness as full appreciation and

enjoyment of the cultural diversity of the

world’s nations.

Besides the range of Olympic educational

activities listed above, the Istanbul OCOG

will also give its full support to a

“Community Sports Sponsorship” (CSS)

programme conceived by the Sports

Marketing Division of the NOC of Turkey.

Under a joint plan, the programme aims to

promote greater grass roots participation


in the Olympic movement, sports, and fair-

play ethics throughout the country,

through mobilising local municipalities,

secondary schools and the business

community.

Under the programme, the municipalities

will provide suitable local sites for Olympic

sports while businesses, i.e. the sponsors,

will select from among designated sites

and venues and erect the relevant facilities

and/or provide equipment. In return they

will acquire exclusive rights to two-

dimensional advertising on all available

space and facades of the facility, as well as

on sportswear and equipment they

provide. CSS committees in secondary

schools will assume the responsibility of

managing and maintaining the facilities in

their respective regions, and to promote

the extended use of those facilities by

residents of the neighbourhood.

The raising of a Paralympic consciousness

will constitute an equally important part of

the communications and education

programme of the Istanbul Olympic

Games, again especially among young

people. The principal organisations serving

the handicapped – namely the Turkish

Association for the Disabled, the Turkish

Foundation for the Protection of the

Disabled, and the Turkish Foundation of

Solidarity and Education of the

Handicapped – have all expressed their

desire to co-operate in every way possible.

CULTURAL PROGRAMME

The Cultural Programme of the

Istanbul OCOG for the XXIX Olympiad will

start three years before the Games, and

will focus on four consecutive annual

themes, under the overall title “The Four

Pillars of Culture”: Nature, Reason, Passion

and Wisdom.

2005: Nature – Awareness

The Istanbul OCOG's Cultural Programme

for 2005 will focus on the theme of human

interaction with Nature, in the sense of

both biology and habitat.

Various events will be organised to

encourage public awareness of the issues

of respect for and care of the human body,

the environment we live in, and our

interaction with it. Events will be held to

look in new ways at ancient divinities from

around the world that symbolise the

kindness of Mother Nature. Many such

goddesses – Cybele, Demeter and Artemis,

for example – originated in and were

worshipped in Anatolia. Another series of

events is planned to display the influence

of local habitat on the arts and crafts

created by communities around the globe.

2006: Reason – Creativity

The Cultural Programme for 2006 will take

as its main theme Reason, and its creative

power. The focus here will be on the

manifestation in the domain of the arts,

both ancient and modern, of Reason, with

the emphasis on all that is universal in

humanity's cultural achievements. In a

sense, the Cultural Programme for 2006

will be a celebration of modernity and

modernism, as well as enlightenment. In

this vein, international participation in the

Cultural Programme for 2006 will be

designed to represent the element of

universality – as opposed to the individual

voice – that is at the heart of all true art

and culture.

2007: Passion – Affection

Reason and universality will give way in the

Cultural Programme for 2007 to Passion

and Affection, to the particular and

diversity, in other words, the Dionysian

principle inherent in all human cultural

achievements. Specially selected examples

217

of cultural originality from around the world,

which assert the fundamental qualities of

uniqueness and difference, will be displayed

before an audience that has already proved

its taste for the singular. So, in contrast to

the previous year’s theme, the post-modern

movement will be highlighted as the

leitmotiv of most of the events to be

scheduled for 2007 by the Istanbul OCOG.

In this context, the citizens of Istanbul will

be encouraged to revive their pride and

interest in the indigenous cultural assets of

their city and country. This will be aided by

an extensive sightseeing programme aimed

at raising local consciousness of the

cultural heritage of Istanbul. This

programme will also train volunteers to be

Olympic guides who will, during the

following year’s Cultural Programme,

accompany Istanbul’s Olympic guests on

their odyssey through the city.

2008: Wisdom – Celebration

In the Cultural Programme of 2008, which

will begin two weeks before the opening of

the Games and end one week after their

close, the theme of Wisdom will come to the

fore. In other words, the final celebration of

the Games will underline a synthesis of the

two preceding themes, Reason and Passion.

Istanbul itself will be the focus of this

programme, constituting as it does the very

apex of such a synthesis. This is perfectly

exemplified by one of the world’s most

important architectural treasures, the

Church-Mosque of Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia

in Greek, meaning Saint Sophia, or literally

Holy Wisdom), which will be a main venue

of 2008’s Cultural Programme.

The Cultural Programme for 2008 will

focus on performances that highlight

Istanbul’s wealth of multi-cultural

traditions. These will be paralleled by

events bringing together, from all around

the world, artistic endeavours that combine

local traditions with universal appeal.

Finally, the Olympic Torch relay route that

the IOBC proposes will illuminate a vast

swathe of history. After the ceremonial

lighting of the flame at Olympia in Greece

and a relay to Athens, the flame will follow

a route by sea to Crete and Rhodes before

setting sail for the ancient coastal town of

Fethiye. The course will then meander for

approximately 2,500 km through Anatolia

on its journey to Istanbul. As it travels

through Anatolia, the Olympic Flame will

shed its light on some of the most

fascinating sites of the ancient world,

including Fethiye (near ancient Telmessus),

Demre, Mount Olympus, Perge (Myra),

Aspendos, Side (Pamphylia), Akflehir

(Philomelium), Konya (Iconium), Kayseri

(Caravan Palace), Cappadocia, Hattusas,

Ankara, Gordion, Aphrodisias, Ephesus,

Pergamon, Troy, Bursa, and Iznik (Nicaea).

BUDGET

The estimated budget for the above

programmes is US$30 million, including the

US$1.875 million set aside for the Istanbul

OCOG’s contribution to cover 62.5 percent of

the cost of the Youth Camp (see paragraph

17.5 below). The budget for the Opening and

Closing ceremonies is estimated at US$30

million.

OPENING AND CLOSING

CEREMONIES

The opening and closing ceremonies

of the 2008 Istanbul Olympic Games will be

held in the Olympic Stadium.

YOUTH CAMP

The Istanbul OCOG will set up a major

Youth Camp in the year 2008. This camp

will host approximately 1,500 young men

and women – aged 18 to 22 – selected and

sent by the participating NOCs at the

invitation of the Istanbul OCOG. The camp


317

417

517

3 17Volume Olympisme et Culture124

Florya, sur la Mer de Marmara, près de

l’aéroport, et donc à proximité de tous les

sites olympiques importants. Le Camp de

cité balnéaire de Florya est la propriété de la

Municipalité du Grand Istanbul qui le gère. Il

est équipé de cafétérias, foyers, zones de

loisirs, terrains de jeux, vestiaires, etc…

Le CCOI estime que le coût total du camp de

jeunesse sera de 3 millions US$, au taux de

l’année 2000. Le COJO d’Istanbul couvrira

62,5 pour-cent de ce coût et le reliquat sera

payé par les participants sous forme d’un

droit d’inscription fixé à 25 US$ par personne

et par jour, au taux de l’année 2000, ce qui

représente une somme de 750 US$ par

participant pour une période complète de 30

jours au Camp.

2008. Ce camp accueillera environ 1 500

jeunes hommes et jeunes femmes – âgés de

18 à 22 ans – choisis et envoyés par le CNO

participant, à l’invitation du COJO d’Istanbul.

Le camp durera à peu près trente jours, il

ouvrira une semaine avant les Jeux et se

terminera une semaine après leur clôture. Un

programme complet des activités liées aux

Jeux sera décidé par le COJO. Chaque

participant aura la possibilité de participer

librement aux compétitions athlétiques du

Camp de Jeunesse, de visiter les athlètes

dans le village olympique, de prendre part

aux activités culturelles et aux événements

des Jeux, et de visiter les sites historiques

d’Istanbul. Un programme spécifique

d’études Olympiques sera proposé.

Le Camp de Jeunesse d’Istanbul en 2008 se

tiendra au Camp de la cité balnéaire de


will last for approximately 30 days, opening

one week before the Games and closing

one week after they conclude. A complete

schedule of activities related to the Games

will be orchestrated by the OCOG. Each

participant will have the opportunity to

compete freely in Youth Camp athletic

events, participate in cultural activities,

visit athletes in the Olympic Village, attend

events at the Games, and tour the historic

sites of Istanbul. A specific curriculum of

Olympic studies will be offered.

The Istanbul 2008 Youth Camp will be held

at the Florya Summer Resort Camp on the

coast of the Sea of Marmara, close to the

airport, and therefore convenient to all key

Olympic sites. The Florya Summer Resort

Camp is owned and operated by the

Municipality of Greater Istanbul, and it is

fully equipped with cafeterias, meeting

rooms, recreational facilities, playing fields,

locker rooms, etc.

The IOBC estimates total cost of the Youth

Camp at US$3 million at year 2000 rates.

The Istanbul OCOG will cover 62.5 percent

of this cost, and the remainder will be

contributed by participants in form of a

tuition set at US$25 per day per person at

2000 rates, which totals US$750 per

participant for the entire 30-day camp.

18 GuaranteesGaranties

3 18Volume Guarantees 129

Ref. Question Subject of guarantee Provided by Yes/No

18.1 1.2 Support Letter, Prime Minister of Turkey Yes

Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes

Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes

18.2 1.10 Support Letter, Mayor of Greater Izmir Municipality Yes

Letter, Mayor of Greater Bursa Municipality Yes

Letter, Mayor of Greater Kocaeli Municipality Yes

18.3 2.1.1 Covenant of fulfilment of obligations; Letter, Prime Minister of Turkey Yes

respect of the Olympic Charter including

free access to Turkey and free movement

of accredited persons

18.4 2.1.2 Covenant of fulfilment of obligations; Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes

respect of the Olympic Charter Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes

18.5 2.2.1 Representation of Istanbul by the IOBC Letter, Governor and Mayor of Istanbul Yes

and delegation of authority to sign contracts

and undertakings

18.6 2.3 Necessary legal measures to facilitate Letter, Minister of the Interior Yes

the protection of Olympic marks

18.7 3.1 Freedom to perform Olympic function Letter, Minister of the Interior Yes

18.8 3.3 Import, use and export of goods Letter, Minister of State responsible for Customs Yes

18.9 4.6 Compliance of work with town planning Letter, Minister of Environment Yes

and environmental protection legislation

18.10 5.1 Financial guarantees including covering Letter, Prime Minister of Turkey Yes

any OCOG deficit and expenditure during

the period preceding the Games

18.11 5.2 Price control Letter, Minister of Tourism Yes

Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes

Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes

18.12 7.1.2 Holding of no other meeting or event Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes

during the Olympic Games, one week Letter, General Director of Youth and Sports Yes

before or one week after the Games

18.13 7.2.4 Financing of work needed at the Letter, ENKA Yes

competition venues

18.14 7.2.5 Use of competition venues Letter, Mydonose Showland Yes

Letter, ENKA Yes

Letter, Klassis Yes

18.15 8.5 Use of competition venues Letters of agreement from all Ifs concerned,

as follows:

18.15 / IF 1 IAAF Yes

18.15 / IF 2 FISA Yes

18.15 / IF 3 IBF Yes

18.15 / IF 4 IBAF Yes

18.15 / IF 5 FIBA Yes

18.15 / IF 6 AIBA Yes

18.15 / IF 7 FIC Yes

18.15 / IF 8 UCI Yes

18.15 / IF 9 FEI Yes

18.15 / IF 10 FIE Yes

18.15 / IF 11 FIFA Yes

18.15 / IF 12 FIG Yes

18.15 / IF 13 IWF Yes

18.15 / IF 14 IHF Yes

18.15 / IF 15 FIH Yes

18.15 / IF 16 IJF Yes

18.15 / IF 17 FILA Yes

18.15 / IF 18 FINA Yes

18.15 / IF 19 UIPM Yes

18.15 / IF 20 ISF Yes

18.15 / IF 21 WTF Yes

18.15 / IF 22 ITF Yes

18.15 / IF 23 ITTF Yes

18.15 / IF 24 ISSF Yes

18.15 / IF 25 FITA Yes

18.15 / IF 26 ITU Yes

18.15 / IF 27 ISAF Yes

18.15 / IF 28 FIVB No



18.16 9.5.3 Financing of the organisation of the Yes

Paralympic Games

18.17 10.8 Choice and use of the site for the Protocol signed with the Yes

construction of the Olympic Village Housing Administration of Turkey

18.18 10.9 Financing the construction of the Protocol signed with the Yes

Olympic Village Housing Administration of Turkey

18.19 10.10 Authorisation to use existing property Not relevant -

for the Olympic Village

18.20 10.12.1 Payment of travel costs by the OCOG Letter, Chairman of IOBC Yes

18.21 11.2.2 Completion of necessary medical investments Letter, Minister of Health Yes

18.22 12.12 Measures to be taken to ensure the Letter, Minister of the Interior Yes

peaceful holding of the Games

18.23 12.13 Measures to be taken to ensure the Not relevant -

peaceful holding of the games

18.24 13.2/3 Availability and prices of rooms and Letters of agreement from Hotel

accommodation during the Olympic Games owners concerned, as follows:

18.24/Hotel 1 Hyatt Regency Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 2 Divan Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 3 The Marmara Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 4 Euro Plaza Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 7 Golden Age-I Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 8 Hotel Kervansaray Yes

18.24/Hotel 9 Feronya Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 10 Crystal Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 11 Hotel Cartoon Yes

18.24/Hotel 12 Mercure Istanbul Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 13 Keban Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 14 Richmond Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 15 Grand Hotel Haliç Yes

18.24/Hotel 16 Dilson Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 17 Taksim Dorint Park Plaza Yes

18.24/Hotel 18 Lamartine Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 19 Nippon Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 20 Eresin Taxim Yes

18.24/Hotel 21 Riva Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 22 Grace Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 23 Lion Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 24 The Madison Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 25 Savoy Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 26 Conrad Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 27 Ç›ra¤an Palace Hotel Kempinski Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 28 Büyük Sürmeli Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 29 Hotel Dedeman Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 30 The Plaza Hotel Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 33 Hotel Maçka Yes

18.24/Hotel 34 Sed Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 37 Crowne Plaza Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 38 Polat Renaissance Yes

18.24/Hotel 39 Ç›nar Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 41 Holiday Inn Marina Yes

18.24/Hotel 42 Adela Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 48 Merit Antique Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 49 Akgün ‹stanbul Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 50 Eresin Hotel Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 51 Hotel Zurich Yes

18.24/Hotel 52 Hotel Romance Yes

18.24/Hotel 53 Hotel Yi¤italp Yes

18.24/Hotel 54 Best Western International The President Yes

18.24/Hotel 55 Hotel Arcadia Yes

18.24/Hotel 56 Kalyon Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 57 Yaflmak Sultan Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 58 Color Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 59 Fuar Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 60 Hotel Armada Istanbul Yes

18.24/Hotel 61 Kent Otel Istanbul Yes



18.24/Hotel 62 Antik Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 63 Çara Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 64 Orient Express Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 65 Prince Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 83 Hotel ‹lkay Yes

18.24/Hotel 84 Hotel Erboy Yes

18.24/Hotel 85 Grand Yavuz Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 86 Hotel Grand Ons Yes

18.24/Hotel 87 Green Anka Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 88 Hotel Olimpiyat Yes

18.24/Hotel 89 Laleli Gönen Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 157 Ayasofya Pensions Yes

18.24/Hotel 158 Hotel Hippodrome Yes

18.24/Hotel 159 Tash konak Sultanahmet Yes

18.24/Hotel 160 Hotel Daphnis Yes

18.24/Hotel 161 Hotel Alzer Yes

18.24/Hotel 162 Fehmibey Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 198 Golden Age-II Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 199 The Green Park Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 200 Aygün Hotels Yes

18.24/Hotel 201 Elan Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 202 Taksim Gönen Hotel (see Ref. 18.24/Hotel 89) Yes

18.24/Hotel 211 Hotel Pera Palas Yes

18.24/Hotel 212 Galata Residence Apart Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 217 Tafll›k Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 219 Villa Blanche Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 221 Hotel Istanbul Conti Yes

18.24/Hotel 222 Konak Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 227 Grand Hotel Tarabya Yes

18.24/Hotel 230 Klassis Hotel Yes

18.24/Hotel 244 Klassis Golf & Country Club Yes

18.25 13.2.2 Completion of accommodation Letters of agreement from hoteliers or investing

infrastructure to be built firms concerned owners concerned, as follows:

18.25/Hotel 267 The Ritz-Carlton Istanbul Yes

18.25/Hotel 269 Hotel Grand Markiz Yes

18.25/Hotel 271 Taxim Residence Yes

18.25/Hotel 272 Four Seasons Hotel on the Bosphorus Yes

18.25/Hotel 275 Dedeman Hotel/World Trade Center Yes

18.25/Hotel 278 Florya Hotel Yes

18.25/Hotel 279 MNG Hotel/World Trade Center Yes

18.25/Hotel 283 Beyazsaray Yes

18.25/Hotel 286 Eresin Sultanahmet Hotel Yes

18.25/Hotel 287 ‹stanbul Levent Hotel Yes

18.25/Hotel 288 Maryot Hotel Yes

18.25/Hotel 291 Prestige Hotel Yes

18.25/Hôtel 297 Kemer Golf & Country Club Yes

18.26 14.18 Necessary transport-related alterations Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes

Letter, General Director of Highways Yes

Letter, General Director of Railways, Yes

Harbours and Airports Construction

Letter, General Director of Atatürk Airport Yes

18.27 15.5.3 Allocation of radio frequencies Letter, Chairman of Telecommunications Yes

Authority

18.28 15.13 Setting up of new infrastructures and Letter, Minister of Communications Yes

new services

18.29 16.5 Use or construction of the MPC and IBC Letter, World Trade Center Yes

18.30 16.7 Use or construction of media village Protocol signed with the Housing Yes

Administration of Turkey (see Ref. 18.17)

Date post:	02-Apr-2016
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Istanbul 2008 Olympic Bid Volume 03

Documents