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istory of Industrial Engineering "The story of civilization is, in a sense the story of engineering. That long and arduous struggle to make the forces of nature work for man's good"
istory of Industrial Engineering
"The story of civilization is, in a sense the story of engineering. That long and arduous struggle to make the forces of nature work for man's good"
Industrial Engineering is the newest of the major fields of engineering.
It is difficult to exactly determine when Industrial Engineering began...
Specialization of LaborAdam Smith
Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) promotes specialization of labor to improve productivity.
Pin making process. The division of the task in four separate operations
increased the output rate by almost five.
One worker performing all the operations produced 1000 pins a day
Ten workers employed on four more specialized tasks could produce 48,000 pins a day.
1,000 pins
48,000 pins
Prototyping
Boulton and Watt pioneered the idea of prototypes. They analyzed and tested a prototype before starting the mass production.
P
P
P
Manufacturing
Prototype
Testing
New Prototype needed
Good Prototype
Start mass production
Production Lines Around the turn of this century, Henry Ford,
on observing carcasses on a moving slat conveyor in a slaughterhouse, got the idea of progressive assembly of automobiles using conveyors.
Engineering Economics & Work Design
In 1886, Henry Towne stressed the need for engineers to be concerned with the economic effects of their decisions
Frederick Winslow Taylor "the father of Industrial Engineering”He developed the concept that work design,
work measurement and production scheduling were engineering responsibilities.
ork design
Taylor initialized the concept of work design, also called methods study, by applying engineering analysis to human work situations. Specifications of the exact method, tools and
equipment to be employed Training the worker to perform operations as
specified.
Taylor made an analysis of shoveling tasks. He was not the first one. Leonardo Da Vinci
had calculated the rate at which dirt could be removed as part of one of his engineering projects
Taylor noticed that the same type of shovel was used for all tasks.
Work Design
A shovel full of rice coal weighed only 3 1/2 pounds, the same shovel full of iron ore weighed 38 pounds.
After some experimentation he found that 21 1/2 pounds was the ideal shovel load and designed shovels of different sizes for different tasks
Shoveling productivity improved dramatically
Work Measurement
Taylor pioneered work measurement This activity is concerned with determining the
amount of time an operator should be allowed for performing an operation
The reciprocal of such a time value permits the determination of the amount of production that is expected of an employee in a given period.
Stopwatch
Time Standard
Frank B. Gilbreth
His first job was as a bricklayer's helper Gilbreth improved the average production rate
from 120 to over 350 bricks per hourHe increased the speed by means of a more
effective method... "working smarter, not harder".
Reduced the number of motions from 18 to 5.
1908 - 1998
The beginning of the new century made a number of leading United States industrial firms initiate industrial engineering programs in their plants: Eastman Kodak, Dow Chemical, General Electric,
DuPont, AT&T…
Penn State offers the first ever degree program in Industrial Engineering. This year marks our 90th anniversary!
Major Engineering Images TheyDisciplines Connote
Agricultural Engineering Farming or Farm EquipmentAeronautical Engineering PlanesChemical Engineering Refineries, Process PlantsComputer Engineering Computers, Internet, SoftwareCivil Engineering Bridges, Roads, BuildingsElectrical Engineering Electronic Equipment, Power
GenerationMechanical Engineering Engines, Automobiles,
MachinesIndustrial Engineering ???
Three main areas of IE
Human Human FactorsFactors
Operations Operations ResearchResearch
ManufacturingManufacturing
Robotics
Automation
Casting
Work Flow
Plant Layout
Materials Handling
Inventory
Quality ControlSimulation
Decision Making
Queuing
Optimization
Human-Machine Interface
Worker Safety
Ergonomics
Physiology
Psychology
IE only engineering ranked in top 10 by Jobs Rated Almanac
Rank Job Title Rank Job Title 1 Actuary 241 Football Player (NFL) 2 Computer Programmer 242 Cowboy 3 Computer Systems Analyst 243 Lumberjack 4 Mathematician 244 Roustabout 5 Statistician 245 Dairy Farmer 6 Hospital Administrator 246 Seaman 7 Industrial Engineer 247 Roofer 8 Physicist 248 Construction Worker 9 Astrologer 249 Fisherman 10 Paralegal 250 Migrant Farm worker
What is Unique about Penn State IE?
The first IE department (1908) Over 7500 alumni Largest percentage of CEOs and company
presidents in the College Undergraduate Program ranked 5th by US
News & World Report
Projections based on Spring and Summer ‘97:
Average salary: $ 38,700
Employment Statistics
What Americans Earn
Initial Industry TypicalProfessional Pay Average Top PayBiomedical Eng. $37,750 $72,500 $150,000Chemical Eng. $39,863 $73,970 $179,700Civil Eng. $30,690 $62,000 $141,260Electrical Eng. $33,000 $65,876 $146,000Mechanical Eng. $36,935 $65,160 $155,734Industrial Eng. $35,244 $67,000 $215,000
Source: Fortune, June 26, 1995
Study Abroad Programs
Country University
Spain University of Navarra
Israel Technion University
Web Site and Other Contacts
http://www.ie.psu.edu
Department Head Undergraduate InformationA. Ravindran Elena M. Joshi865-7601 863-3395
Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Eng.207 Hammond Building
