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IT 21103/41103-01IT 21103/41103-01
System Analysis & DesignSystem Analysis & Design
Chapter 02Chapter 02
Project InitiationProject Initiation
Analyst RoleAnalyst Role
Problem SolverProblem Solver
First StepsFirst Steps
““What is the Problem?”What is the Problem?”
Define the Real ProblemDefine the Real Problem
Information RelevancyInformation Relevancy
Usefulness of system outputsUsefulness of system outputs
Users need to be consultedUsers need to be consulted
Information AccuracyInformation AccuracyConcerned with System ErrorsConcerned with System Errors
Develop an Error ThresholdDevelop an Error Threshold
Information TimelinessInformation TimelinessProblems with information Problems with information
availabilityavailability
I/O BottlenecksI/O Bottlenecks
Time causes erosion of the system Time causes erosion of the system processing speedprocessing speed
Information UsabilityInformation UsabilityInformation PackagingInformation Packaging
Tailor information to fit the user’s Tailor information to fit the user’s needsneeds
Information AffordabilityInformation AffordabilityOpportunity CostsOpportunity Costs
Actual CostsActual Costs
Persistent Upgrades or High Persistent Upgrades or High MaintenanceMaintenance
Information AdaptabilityInformation Adaptability
Flexibility in Hardware and Software Flexibility in Hardware and Software expandability and compatibilityexpandability and compatibility
Users will abandon unused portions Users will abandon unused portions of the systemof the system
Information AccessibilityInformation AccessibilityUsers interaction with the systemUsers interaction with the system
Internet & IntranetsInternet & Intranets
Depends on the type of userDepends on the type of user
SolutionsSolutions
Page 37Page 37
Figure 2-2Figure 2-2
Small Enterprise ProblemsSmall Enterprise Problems
Source Data Input InefficienciesSource Data Input Inefficiencies
Breakdowns in Subsystem Breakdowns in Subsystem IntegrationIntegration
Small Enterprise ProblemsSmall Enterprise ProblemsSource Data Input InefficienciesSource Data Input Inefficiencies
How the data is entered into the How the data is entered into the systemsystem
A major problemA major problem
Small Enterprise ProblemsSmall Enterprise ProblemsBreakdowns in Subsystem Breakdowns in Subsystem
IntegrationIntegration
Many subsystems functioning Many subsystems functioning together logicallytogether logically
Fact-FindingFact-Finding
The Analyst must do Research The Analyst must do Research about the information system they about the information system they
are to examineare to examine
Fact-FindingFact-FindingIndustry ResearchIndustry Research
Journals, Magazines, Libraries, Journals, Magazines, Libraries, State/Federal Agencies, State/Federal Agencies,
Professional Organizations, etcProfessional Organizations, etc
Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Online ResearchOnline Research
Search Engines (Google), etcSearch Engines (Google), etc
Fact-FindingFact-FindingPersonal ContactsPersonal Contacts
Personal InterviewsPersonal Interviews
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires
On-Site ObservationsOn-Site Observations
Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Page 43Page 43
Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Request for ServicesRequest for Services
Very Important to get in writing what Very Important to get in writing what the user wants!the user wants!
Page 44Page 44
Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Documentation ReviewDocumentation Review
Collect samples of source and Collect samples of source and output documents of the current output documents of the current
systemsystem
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisA ballpark estimate of what the A ballpark estimate of what the
project will cost and how long it will project will cost and how long it will take to completetake to complete
An Estimate OnlyAn Estimate Only
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisFour Components:Four Components:
OperationalOperational
TechnicalTechnical
ScheduleSchedule
EconomicEconomic
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisOperational:Operational:
Is there a workable design for the Is there a workable design for the intended systemintended system
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisTechnical:Technical:
Is there technology available to Is there technology available to make the system workmake the system work
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Schedule:Schedule:
Can the project be completed within Can the project be completed within the agreed timeframethe agreed timeframe
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Economic:Economic:
Can the project be completed within Can the project be completed within the budget constraintsthe budget constraints
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Build-Or-BuyBuild-Or-Buy
This is a strategy to determine if This is a strategy to determine if building a system or buying a pre-building a system or buying a pre-
built system is most feasiblebuilt system is most feasible
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Documentation:Documentation:
Page 47Page 47
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Feasibility Report:Feasibility Report:
A project deliverableA project deliverable
A common point of reference for A common point of reference for negotiationsnegotiations
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Contract:Project Contract:
Clear agreement about the work to Clear agreement about the work to be done for the projectbe done for the project
(Modifications may occur)(Modifications may occur)
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Contract:Project Contract:
Problem SummaryProblem Summary
ScopeScope
ConstraintsConstraints
ObjectivesObjectives
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Problem Summary:Problem Summary:
Concise statement including the Concise statement including the user’s original request and the user’s original request and the
preliminary findings of the analystpreliminary findings of the analyst
(The Analyst and (The Analyst and
Users must agree)Users must agree)
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Scope:Scope:
Agreement on the boundaries of the Agreement on the boundaries of the work to be donework to be done
Agree on changes that may occur Agree on changes that may occur during the projectduring the project
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Constraints:Project Constraints:
CostsCosts
DeliveryDelivery
Access to the current system and Access to the current system and usersusers
Unusual circumstancesUnusual circumstances
Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Objectives:Project Objectives:
Agreement on the consequences of Agreement on the consequences of the new systemthe new system
What is the measurement of What is the measurement of successsuccess
(Develop a Baseline measurement)(Develop a Baseline measurement)
QuestionsQuestions
Assignment # 02Assignment # 02
Page 59Page 59
Appendix BAppendix B