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Windows Server “8” BetaHyper-V: A More Complete Virtualization Platform
Chris E. Avischrisavis.com
@chrisavis
The information contained in this document relates to a pre-release product which may be substantially modified before it is commercially released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied with respect to the information presented here.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Basic server virtualization technology helps achieve cost savings and operational efficiencies
Let’s go beyond basic
virtualization.
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Beyond virtualization
Create more dynamic platforms
to:• Build private clouds.
• Create more flexible virtualization solutions on site to support core line of business applications and high availability solutions.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only 3
Hyper-V before Windows Server "8" Beta
Windows Server 2008 R2 improvements to Hyper-V
• Increased availability for moving virtual machines
• Increased availability for adding and removing virtual machine storage
• Improved management of virtual data centers• Simplified method for physical and virtual
computer deployments • Hyper-V processor compatibility mode for live
migration• Improved virtual networking performance• Improved virtual machine memory
management
Hyper-V history• Introduced with Windows Server 2008• New version in Windows Server 2008 R2• Update with Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1
Two manifestations of Hyper-V • Hypervisor-based virtualization feature of
Windows Server 2008 R2• Microsoft Hyper-V Server, a free stand-alone
product containing only: – Windows Hypervisor– Windows Server driver model– Virtualization components
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only 4
A more complete virtualization platform
More secure multitenancy
Flexible infrastructure, when and where you need it
Scale, performance, and density
High availability
Hyper-V in Windows Server "8" Beta
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Multitenant security and isolation
More secure multitenancy
Extending the Hyper-V Extensible Switch for new
capabilities
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Helps ensure that each customer’s data is completely separate and secure from other customers’ information.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Multitenant security and isolation
Hyper-V Extensible Switch • New feature• Handles network traffic between:
– Virtual machines– The external network– The host operating system
• Layer-2 virtual interface • Programmatically managed • Extensible
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NIC = network adapter
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Multitenant security and isolation
Private virtual LAN (PVLAN)
• Isolate virtual machines from other virtual machines in your data center.
• Create community groups of virtual machines that can exchange data packets.
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Example PVLAN:‒ Primary VLAN ID is 2‒ Secondary VLAN IDs are 4 and 5
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
• ARP spoofing protection
• DHCP guard protection
• Virtual port ACLs
• Trunk mode to virtual machines
• Monitoring
• Windows PowerShell/WMI
• Enhanced security and isolation
• Manageability
• Isolation of customers’ networks from one another
• No need to set up and maintain VLANs
• Protection against malicious data interception
Multitenant security and isolation
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Other tools Benefits
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Extending the Hyper-V Extensible Switch for new capabilities
Two platforms for extensions:• NDIS filter drivers• WFP callout drivers
You can extend or replace:• Ingress filtering• Destination lookup and forwarding• Egress filtering
Other features:• Extension monitoring• Extension uniqueness• Extensions that learn virtual
machine life cycle• Extensions that can veto state
changes• Multiple extensions on same
switch Architecture of the Hyper-V Extensible Switch
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V Extensible Switch extension types
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Extension Purpose Potential Examples Extensible component
Network Packet Inspection Inspecting network packets, but not altering them
sFlow and network monitoring NDIS filter driver
Network Packet Filter Injecting, modifying, and dropping network packets
Security NDIS filter driver
Network Forwarding Third-party forwarding that bypasses default forwarding
OpenFlow, Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA), and proprietary network fabrics
NDIS filter driver
Firewall/Intrusion Detection
Filtering and modifying TCP/IP packets, monitoring or authorizing connections, filtering IPsec-protected traffic, and filtering RPCs
Virtual firewall and connection monitoring
WFP callout driver
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Flexible infrastructure, when and where you need it
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Scale beyond VLANs with Hyper-V
network virtualization
Adding and moving servers is now faster and easier.
Migrate virtual machines without downtime
Move virtual machine storage with minimal
downtime
Reliably import virtual machines
Merge snapshots while the virtual machine is running
Use new automation support for Hyper-V
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Scale beyond VLANs with Hyper-V network virtualization
How network virtualization works:• Two IP addresses for each virtual
machine• General Routing Encapsulation
(GRE)• IP address rewrite• Policy management server
Problems solved:• Removes VLAN constraints.• Eliminates hierarchical IP address
assignment for virtual machines.
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
IP address rewrite
• Requires no upgrade of network adapters, switches, or network appliances
• Can be deployed today without sacrificing performance
Benefits• Each Customer Address (CA) is mapped to a
unique Provider Address (PA).
• Information is sent in regular TCP/IP packets on the wire.
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How IP address rewrite works
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Network virtualization example
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Benefits of Hyper-V network virtualization
Simplified network and
improved server/network resource use
No new hardware (servers, switches,
appliances) needed to help
achieve maximum
performance
Full management
through Windows
PowerShell and WMI
Tenant network
migration to the cloud without
reconfiguration and without compromising
isolation
Tenant virtual machine
deployment anywhere in
the data center
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Migrate virtual machines without downtime
Improvements• Faster migration and simultaneous
migration • Live migration outside a clustered
environment
SMB-share-based live migration
Live migration setup Memory page transferred
Modified pages transferred Storage handle moved
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Migrate virtual machines without downtime
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Benefits• Increase flexibility of virtual machine
placement• Increase administrator efficiency• Reduce downtime for migrations across
cluster boundaries
“Share nothing" live migration
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Move virtual machine storage with no downtime
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Live storage migration• Move virtual hard disks (VHDs) attached to a
running virtual machine.
Benefits• Manage storage in a cloud environment with
greater flexibility and control.• Move storage with no downtime.• Update physical storage available to a
virtual machine (such as SMB-based storage).
• Windows PowerShell cmdlets.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Reliably import virtual machines
Import Wizard• Detects and fixes problems• Doesn’t require the virtual machine to be exported • Allows a virtual machine to be copied to a USB flash
drive• Moves virtual machines more easily and reliably• Uses Windows PowerShell cmdlets for automation
Benefit• A simpler, better way to import or copy virtual
machines.
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Merge snapshots while the virtual machine is running
• Update parent virtual hard disks while the virtual machine is still running
Benefit
• Snapshot data are stored in .avhd files
• You can merge the .avhd disk into the parent while the virtual machine continues to run
• I/O is suspended to a small range while data in the range is processed
• At completion, online merge fixes merged disks and closes files.
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Snapshot features
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Use new automation support for Hyper-V
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Designed for IT pros
More than 150 cmdlets
Consistent cmdlet nouns
Task-oriented interface
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Scale, performance, and density
Offloaded Data Transfers (ODX) support in Hyper-V
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
Virtual Fibre Channel in Hyper-V
Support for 4-KB disk sectors in Hyper-V virtual disks
Quality of Service (QoS)
Hyper-V host scale and scale-up workload support
Dynamic Memory improvements for Hyper-V
Resource Metering in Hyper-V
New virtual hard disk format
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Increases scalability of the data center and uses fewer servers to run more virtual machine workloads.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V host scale and scale-up workload support
System Resource
Maximum numberImprovement
factorWindows 2008 R2
Windows Server "8" Beta
Host
Logical processors on hardware 64 160 2.5×
Physical memory 1 TB 2 TB 2×
Virtual processors per host 512 1,024 2×
Virtual machine
Virtual processors per virtual machine 4 32 8×
Memory per virtual machine 64 GB 1 TB 16×
Active virtual machines 384 1,024 2.7×
ClusterNodes 16 64 4×
Virtual machines 1,000 4,000 4×
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V host scale and scale-up workload support
Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) support in a virtual machine• Projects NUMA topology onto a
virtual machine• Allows guest operating systems
and applications to make intelligent NUMA decisions
• Aligns guest NUMA nodes with host resources
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Guest NUMA topology by default matches host NUMA topology
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V host scale and scale-up workload support
SR-IOV support in Hyper-V• Increases network throughput • Reduces network latency • Reduces host CPU overhead for
processing network traffic
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VF = virtual function
Benefits• Maximize use of host system
processors and memory• Handle the most demanding
workloads
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only 26
Virtual machine starting with Hyper-V smart paging
Dynamic Memory improvements for Hyper-V
Windows Server "8" Beta improvements
• Minimum memory • Hyper-V smart paging• Memory ballooning• Runtime configuration
Dynamic Memory• Introduced in Windows Server
2008 R2 SP1• Reallocates memory
automatically among running virtual machines
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only 27
Benefits• Higher
consolidation numbers
• Improved reliability of Hyper-V operations
• Ability to change memory configuration with minimal downtime
Dynamic Memory improvements for Hyper-V
Removing paged memory after virtual machine restart
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Resource Metering
A two-tenant environment built with Hyper-V in Windows Server "8" Beta
• Uses resource pools
• Is compatible with all Hyper-V operations
• Is unaffected by virtual machine movement
• Uses Network Metering Port ACLs
Features
• Average CPU use
• Average memory use
• Minimum memory use
• Maximum memory use
• Maximum disk allocation
• Incoming network traffic
• Outgoing network traffic
Metrics
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Resource Metering
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Basic model of Resource Metering
• Tracking of virtual machine use is easier.
• You can use it to aggregate data for multiple virtual machines.
• You can use it to build accurate lookback and chargeback solutions.
• Obtaining resource usage data is easier.
Benefits of Resource Metering
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
New virtual hard disk format (VHDX)
VHDX principal features• Storage capacity up to 64 terabytes
(TBs)• Corruption protection during power
failures• Optimal structure alignment for
large-sector disks
Benefits• Increases storage capacity• Protects data• Helps to ensure quality performance
on large-sector disks
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Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX) support in Hyper-V
Token-based copy operation
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ODX• Data transfer between intelligent storage
arrays• Token based
Benefits• Rapid virtual machine provisioning and
migration• Faster transfers on large files• Latency minimization• Array throughput maximization• Less CPU and network usage• Performance not limited by network
throughput or server usage• Improved data center capacity and scale• Automation
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only 32
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
• DCB acts as a network adapter feature.
• This mechanism provides a hardware solution for managing network traffic.
• DCB classifies and dispatches network traffic.
• Windows instructs the adapter to classify traffic.
• Traffic doesn’t have to originate from the networking stack.
How DCB works
• Network
• Storage
• Management
• Live migration
DCB converges different types of traffic
• Helps you to ensure QoS
• Makes it easier to change allocations to different traffic flow
Benefits
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Virtual Fibre Channel in Hyper-V
Live migration maintaining Fibre Channel connectivity
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Access Fibre Channel SAN data from a virtual machine
• Unmediated access to a SAN• A hardware-based I/O path to virtual hard
disk stack• N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) support• A single Hyper-V host connected to
different SANs• Up to four Virtual Fibre Channel adapters
on a virtual machine• Multipath I/O (MPIO) functionality• Live migration
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Support for 4-KB disk sectors in Hyper-V virtual hard disks
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• Improved performance of virtual hard disks on 512e disks
• Hosting virtual hard disks on native 4-KB disks
Capabilities
• Reduces the impact of 512e disks on the virtual hard disk stack
• Workloads complete more quickly
Benefits
Virtual hard disk 4-KB block (blue) not aligned with physical 4-KB boundary
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
QoS minimum bandwidth
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Relative minimum bandwidth Strict minimum bandwidth
Bandwidth oversubscription
Features• Establishes a bandwidth floor• Assigns specified bandwidth for
each type of traffic• Helps to ensure fair sharing
when there’s congestion• Can exceed quota when there’s
no congestion
Two mechanisms• Enhanced packet scheduler
(software)• Network adapter with DCB
support (hardware)
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only 36
QoS minimum bandwidth
Benefits of QoS minimum bandwidth
• Need fewer expensive network adapters
• Make best use of 10-GbE hardware
Benefits for public cloud hosting providers
• Manage performance levels for SLAs
• Deliver minimal impact or compromise in shared infrastructure
Benefits for enterprises • Deliver predictable application
performance• Encourage the use of virtualization
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
High availability
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Hyper-V ReplicaIncremental
backups
Hyper-V clustering
enhancementsNIC Teaming
Data centers and customers can increase resilience to failures.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Incremental backups
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For virtual machines• Allows incremental backup of virtual hard
disks• Is Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)-aware• Backs up the Hyper-V environment• Requires no backup agent inside virtual
machines
Benefits• Saves network bandwidth• Reduces backup sizes• Saves disk space• Lowers backup cost
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V Replica
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New feature
• Replicates Hyper-V virtual machines from a primary to a Replica site
Benefits
• Affordable in-box business continuity and disaster recovery solution
• Failure recovery in minutes
• More secure replication across network
• No need for storage arrays
• No need for other software replication technologies
• Automatic handling of live migration
• Simpler configuration and management
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
NIC Teaming
• Uses virtual network adapters
• Can connect to more than one virtual switch
• Is designed to maintain connectivity if one switch disconnects
• Can support up to 32 network adapters in a team
NIC Teaming in a Hyper-V environment
• Windows PowerShell
• NIC Teaming Server Manager configuration UI
Management
• Higher reliability against failure
• Better throughput
Benefits
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Example: SR-IOV
• Multiple parallel network connections
• Increase throughput
• Provides redundancy in case of link failure
What is NIC Teaming?
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V clustering enhancements
Enables high-availability solutions for many workloads
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Protects against:
• Application and service failure
• System and hardware failure
• Site failure (natural disaster, power outages, or connectivity outages)
Clustering benefits
Lets you increase availability and enable access to server-based applications during planned and unplanned downtime.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V clustering enhancements
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Guest clustering via Fibre Channel
• Connects to Fibre Channel directly from within virtual machines
• Virtualizes workloads that:– Use direct access to Fibre Channel storage– Cluster guest operating systems over Fibre Channel
New features
Clustered live migration enhancements
• Uses higher network bandwidths (up to 10 GB) to complete migrations faster
Encrypted cluster volumes
• Uses BitLocker Drive Encryption to enable better physical security for deployments outside of secure data centers
Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) 2.0
• Simplifies the configuration and operation of virtual machines
• Provides greater security and performance
• Integrates with storage arrays for out-of-the-box replication and hardware snapshots
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V clustering enhancements
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Transparent failover
• Moves file shares between nodes with little interruption to server applications, such as:– Configuration files– Virtual hard disk files– Snapshots in file shares over the SMB2 protocol
New features
Hyper-V application monitoring
• Hyper-V and failover clustering work together to bring higher availability to workloads that do not officially support clustering.
• Monitors services and event logs inside the virtual machine.
• Determines health of virtual machine’s key services.
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V clustering enhancements
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In-box live migration queuing
• Lets you perform large multiselect actions to queue live migrations of multiple virtual machines
New features
Virtual machine failover prioritization
• Lets you configure virtual machine priorities
• Controls the order in which virtual machines fail over or start
Affinity (and anti-affinity) virtual machine rules
• Lets you configure partnered virtual machines to migrate simultaneously during failover.
– Example: Configure your SharePoint virtual machine and partnered SQL Server virtual machine to always fail over together to the same node.
• You can specify that two virtual machines cannot coexist on the same node in a failover scenario (anti-affinity rule).
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Hyper-V clustering enhancements
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Benefits with Windows Server "8" Beta
• Extends clustered environment features to a new level
• Supports greater access to storage
• Provides faster failover and migration of nodes
Windows Server "8" Beta – Pre-release information only
Conclusion
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Flexible infrastructure,
when and where you
need it
More secure multitenancy
High availability
Scale, performance, and density
Windows Server "8" Beta Hyper-V is a more dynamic virtualization platform.