â€œIT WAS A DARK AND STORMY NIGHT -

EDWARD GEORGE EARLE

“IT WAS A DARK AND STORMY NIGHT”

BULWER-LYTTON, 1ST BARON LYTTON

“NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY

EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON

“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Edward Bulwer-Lytton

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/ActiveIndex.pdf

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Contribution to Kouroo Contexture

mailto:[email protected] subject=Contribution to Kouroo Contexture

EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON

HDT WHAT? INDEX

May 25, Wednesday: Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st baron Lytton was born in London to General William Earle Bulwer of Heydon Hall and Wood Dalling, Norfolk and Elizabeth Barbara Lytton, daughter of Richard Warburton Lytton of Knebworth, Hertfordshire. (His name as assigned at birth was Edward George Earle Bulwer.)

The Reverend William Emerson, pastor of the 1st Church of Boston, attended the Election Day sermon of another reverend and then dined with the governor of Massachusetts. When he returned to his parsonage he was informed of the women’s business of that day: his wife Ruth Haskins Emerson had been giving birth in Boston and the apparently healthy infant had been a manchild. The baby would be christened Ralph, after a remote uncle, and Waldo, after a family into which the Emerson family had married in the 17th century.1

(That family had been so named because it had originated with some Waldensians who had become London merchants — but in the current religious preoccupations of the Emerson family there was no trace remaining of the tradition of that Waldensianism.)

NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT

1803

1. Great-Great-Grandmother Rebecca Waldo of Chelmsford (born in 1662, married Edward Emerson of Newbury, died 1752); Great-Great-Great Grandfather Deacon Cornelius Waldo (born circa 1624, died January 3?, 1700 in Chelmsford)

WALDENSES

WALDO EMERSON

WALDO’SRELATIVES

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/thumbnails/T/HDT.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/explanation.pdf



HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s father died while he was four years of age, and the family relocated to London.

1807





HDT WHAT? INDEX

In this year, as 15-year-old Edward George Earle Bulwer was leaving the Baling school and matriculating at Trinity College, Cambridge, he published some of his early work as ISHMAEL AND OTHER POEMS. Soon he would change from Trinity College to Trinity Hall.

1822

TRINITY COLLEGE

TRINITY HALL





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer was awarded the Cambridge Chancellor’s Gold Medal for English verse.

• 1813 — George Waddington, for “Columbus.”• 1814 — William Whewell, for “Boadicea.”• 1815 — Edward Smirke, for “Wallace.”• 1816 — Hamilton Sydney Beresford, for “Mahomet.”• 1817 — Chauncy Hare Townshend, for “Jerusalem.”• 1818 — Charles Edward Long, for “Imperial and Papal Rome.”• 1819 — Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, for “Pompeii.”• 1821 — Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, for “Evening.”• 1823 — Winthrop Mackworth Praed, for “Australasia.”• 1824 — Winthrop Mackworth Praed, for “Athens.”• 1825 — Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, for “Sculpture.”• 1827 — Christopher Wordsworth, for “The Druids.”• 1828 — Christopher Wordsworth, for “Invasion of Russia by Napoleon Bonaparte.”• 1829 — Alfred, 1st Baron Tennyson, for “Timbuctoo.”• 1831 — George Stovin Venables, for “Attempts to find a North West Passage.”• 1842 — Henry James Sumner Maine, for “Birth of the Prince of Wales.”• 1844 — Edward Henry Bickersteth, for “The Tower of London.”• 1845 — Edward Henry Bickersteth, for “Caubul.”• 1846 — Edward Henry Bickersteth, for “Caesar’s Invasion of Britain.”• 1852 — Frederic William Farrar, for “The Arctic Regions.”

LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD?— NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES.

LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD.

1825








HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer obtained his BA degree and printed for private circulation a small volume of poems, WEEDS AND WILD FLOWERS.

1826





HDT WHAT? INDEX

August: After leaving the University of Cambridge Edward George Earle Bulwer had visited Paris and Versailles, and upon h is return to England he had taken up with a famous Irish beauty, Rosina Doyle Wheeler (1802-1882). During this month the couple were wed. This so angered his mother that she stopped his allowance. This year also he was publishing a 1st novel, which would be quite as unsuccessful as his marriage. With the couple’s style of life extravagant and the husband irritable and negligent, there was a clear path toward a legal separation in 1836.

THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT

1827








HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s PELHAM caused quite a bit of guessing as to specifically which British dandies were being portrayed (the novel in part followed the line of his friend Benjamin Disraeli’s initial novel VIVIAN GREY).

June 17, Tuesday: The 1st child of Edward George Earle Bulwer and Rosina Doyle Wheeler Bulwer, who would become Lady Emily Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton.

1828





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s novels THE DISOWNED and DEVEREUX.

1829





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s novel PAUL CLIFFORD.

It was a dark and stormy night; the rain fell intorrents—except at occasional intervals, when it waschecked by a violent gust of wind which swept up thestreets (for it is in London that our scene lies),rattling along the housetops, and fiercely agitatingthe scanty flame of the lamps that struggled against thedarkness.

1830

WINNERS, BULWER-LYTTON FICTION CONTEST




http://www.bulwer-lytton.com/




HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer began to edit the New Monthly but would resign the following year. He began his political career as a follower of Jeremy Bentham when elected member for St Ives in Cornwall. He would enter Parliament as a Liberal member representing the city of Lincoln.

November 8: Birth of the 2d child of Edward George Earle Bulwer and Rosina Doyle Wheeler Bulwer, (Edward) Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, who would become 1st Earl of Lytton and would be the Viceroy of British India from 1876 to 1880.

1831





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s EUGENE ARAM. The author was serving as a Liberal member of Parliament representing the city of Lincoln.

1832





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s ENGLAND AND THE ENGLISH (New York: J. & J. Harper).

1833

ENGLAND AND THE ENGLISH

BULWER-LYTTON, VOL. II




http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/33/1833_BulwerLyttonI.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/33/1833_BulwerLyttonII.pdf


HDT WHAT? INDEX

(The author was serving as a Liberal member of Parliament representing the city of Lincoln. During this year he was reaching the height of his popularity with the novel GODOLPHIN.)

THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT








HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s THE LAST DAYS OF POMPEII was inspired by the famous painting by Karl Briullov (Carlo Brullo), which he had seen on display in Milan:

(Also, during this year, Bulwer-Lytton’s THE PILGRIMS OF THE RHINE and his FALKLAND. Upon the dismissal of the Whig government, he authored a pamphlet A LETTER TO A LATE CABINET MINISTER ON THE CRISIS. Prime Minister Lord Melbourne tried to appoint him as a lord of the admiralty but his consideration was that this might impede his literary career.)

Benjamin Robert Haydon completed his “Reform Banquet,” for Lord Grey (this contained 597 individual portrayals).

1834





HDT WHAT? INDEX





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s RIENZI: LAST OF THE TRIBUNES and THE STUDENT.

1835





HDT WHAT? INDEX

In about this year David Henry Thoreau studied Edward George Earle Bulwer’s ENGLAND AND THE ENGLISH, published in 1833.

1836

ENGLAND AND THE ENGLISH

BULWER-LYTTON, VOL. II




http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/33/1833_BulwerLyttonI.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/33/1833_BulwerLyttonII.pdf


HDT WHAT? INDEX

Bulwer and his wife Rosina Doyle Wheeler Bulwer had in the course of their 9 years of marriage had many violent quarrels, and at this point they legally separated.

DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD.

Edward Bulwer-Lytton “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project







HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s ATHENS: ITS RISE AND FALL; WITH VIEWS OF THE LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY, AND SOCIAL LIFE OF THE ATHENIAN PEOPLE (2 volumes) and ERNEST MALTRAVERS.

CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT

January 30, Monday: Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal:

2nd day went into Town & spent the day in attending to some buisness & visiting some of my old acquaintance Dined at Dr Tobeys & returned to the School House to lodge —

David Henry Thoreau checked out, from Harvard Library, Volume 5 of the New Series of The Gentleman’s Magazine, dealing with that magazine’s 1836 content:2

• [iii]-iv. S:. “Preface.”the Reverend John Mitford [Originator: “Sylvanus Urban”]• pages 2. S:. Note re Robert Montgomery Martin’s History of the British Colonies. Thomas Fisher• pages 2. L:. Remarks re the Abbé de la Rue. Thomas Wright [Originator: “Gaulois”]• pages 2. L:. Genealogical note on Sacheverell family. Charles Edward Long [Originator: “l.”]• pages 3-10. Review: Thomas Frognall Dibdin’s Reminiscences of a Literary Life. The Reverend

John Mitford• pages 10-13. Article: “Diary of a Lover of Literature [by Thomas Green; abridged by Mitford

(cont.)].”the Reverend John Mitford• pages 14-15. Article: “Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.” Martin Barr [Originator: “B.”]• pages 15-16. Article: “St. Olave’s Grammar School, Southwark.” George Richard Corner

[Originator: “G.R.C.”]• pages 16. Article: “Quaestiones Venusinae.—No. VII [conc.].”the Reverend James Tate

[Originator: “The Author of Horatius Restitutus”]• pages 17-27. Article: “Records of the Exchequer.” John Bruce• pages 32. L:. “Our Lord’s Miracles on the Maimed.” Dr. Samuel Merriman the Younger

[Originator: “Ilaranthropos”{in Greek}]• pages 33-36. Article: “St. Stephen’s Chapel, Westminster.” John Gough Nichols [Originator:

“J.G.N.”]• pages 36-43. Article: “Scandinavia and the British Isles.” Nicholas Carlisle

1837

2. We really have no idea why Thoreau checked this out, but I will note in passing that the volume does contain information pertaining to the town of Saffron Walden in England.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS

THE GENTLEMAN’S MAG.




http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/37/1836_TheGentlemansMagazine.pdf


HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 49-51. Review: James Davidson’s The History of Axminster Church. John Gough Nichols• pages 51-52. Review: William Caveller’s Select Specimens of Gothic Architecture. Edward John

Carlos• pages 52-53. Review: Samuel Tymms’s The Family Topographer, vol. 5. Edward John Carlos• pages 53-55. Review: Spiritual Despotism. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 55-57. Review: A. James Augustus St. John’s Egypt and Mohammed Ali. The Reverend John

Mitford• pages 57-58. Review: Harry Chester’s The Lay of the Lady Ellen. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 58-59. Review: England and Russia; A Statement of Facts. By a Resident at Constantinople;

Edward Stirling’s Some Considerations on the Political State of the intermediate Country between Persia and India. Thomas Fisher

• pages 59-60. Review: Annual Reports of the American Anti-Slavery Society; Anti-Slavery Record; Société Française pour l’Abolition de l’Esclavage. Thomas Fisher

• pages 60. Review: The British and Foreign Temperance Advocate, vol. 2; The British and Foreign Temperance Herald, vol. 4. Thomas Fisher

• pages 60-64. Review: John Holland’s Cruciana. Illustrations of the most striking aspects under which the Cross of Christ, and symbols derived from it, have been contemplated by Piety, Superstition, Imagination, and Taste. John Gough Nichols

• pages 64-67. Review: First Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for England and Wales. Thomas Fisher [Originator: “T.F.”]

• pages 68. Review: E. Churton’s Oriental Annual for 1836. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 68. Review: Mrs. Alaric Watts’s The New Year’s Gift and Juvenile Souvenir. The Reverend

John Mitford• pages 69. Review: Jenning’s Landscape Annual for 1836 (text by Thomas Roscoe and drawings by

David Roberts). The Reverend John Mitford• pages 69. Review: Smith and Elder’s Friendship’s Offering and Winter’s Wreath for 1836. The

Reverend John Mitford• pages 69. Review: William Darton’s The New Year’s Token for 1836. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 69-70. Review: P. Fisher [William Andrew Chatto]’s The Angler’s Souvenir. The Reverend

John Mitford

• pages 70. Review: Frederick Shoberl’s The Forget Me Not. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 70-71. Review: The Christian Keepsake, and Missionary Annual (ed. William Ellis).

The Reverend John Mitford• pages 71. Review: The Cabinet of Modern Art, and Literary Souvenir (ed. Alaric Alexander Watts).

The Reverend John Mitford• pages 71. Review: Fisher’s Drawing-room Scrap-Book, 1836. With Poetical Illustrations by

L.E.L. [Letitia Elizabeth Landon]. John Gough Nichols• pages 71-72. Review: Flowers of Loveliness. John Gough Nichols• pages 72. Review: Tilt’s Comic Almanac for 1836. John Gough Nichols• pages 72. Review: William Beattie’s Scotland. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 72. Review: C.R. Bond’s Truth’s Triumph, a poem on the Reformation. The Reverend John

Mitford• pages 72. Review: John Graham’s A Vision of fair Spirits. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 77-78. S:. “Catalogue of the 11th Part of Mr. [Richard] Heber’s Library (Manuscripts).”the

Reverend John Mitford• pages 80-82. S:. “Society of Antiquaries.” John Gough Nichols

THE ANGLER’S SOUVENIR




There is no thumbnail bio in the Kouroo Contexture at present, for this William Andrew Chatto.

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/35/1845_TheAnglersSouvenir.pdf


HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 87-88. Obituary: Henry Charles Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort. John Gough Nichols• pages 88-90. Obituary: Lord Robert Manners. John Gough Nichols• pages 90-91. Obituary: Sir Thomas Elmsley Croft. Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas• pages 93-94. Obituary: The Reverend Luke Booker. The Reverend —— Booker, son of the

Reverend Luke Booker• pages 94-98. Obituary: James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. W.B. Morgan• pages 99. Obituary: Charles Perkins Gwilt. Joseph Gwilt• pages 100. Obituary: Letitia Matilda Hawkins. —— Hawkins, brother of deceased• pages 106. S:. Remarks on the inscription “IHS.” John Gough Nichols• pages 106. L:. Query re parish registers. John Southerden Burn [Originator: “J.S.B.”]• pages 106. S:. Note on the unicorn emblem. Henry Gwyn• pages 107-118. Article: Thomas Frognall Dibdin’s Reminiscences of a Literary Life (cont.). The

Reverend John Mitford• pages 121-125. Review: “State of the Church Missionaries in the East India [Josiah Pratt’s Sermon

preached in the Chapel of Lambeth Palace... at the Consecration of the Right the Reverend Daniel Corrie, LL.D. Lord Bishop of Madras; Alexander Duff’s The Church of Scotland’s India Mission].” Thomas Fisher [Originator: “T.F.”]

• pages 129-132. Review: William Thomas Brande’s Characters of Philosophers. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 132-135. L:. “On the Migration of Birds.”the Reverend John Mitford [Originator: “J.M.”]• pages 135-137. L:. “Londiniana, No. III [Roman Antiquities in Eastcheap and Newgate-street].”

Alfred John Kempe [Originator: “A.J.K.”]• pages 137-144. Article: “Grammar School of St. Olave’s Southwark [cont.].” George Richard

Corner [Originator: “G.R.C.”]• pages 146-147. L:. “Mr. [Charles] Richardson’s Dictionary.”the Reverend Joseph Hunter

[Originator: “A Correspondent”]• pages 147-154. Article: “Account of Theobalds Palace, Herts.” John Gough Nichols [Originator:

“J.G.N.”]• pages 154-157. V:. “The Ipswich Ball, described in a Letter from Miss Julia Mandeville, at

Ipswich, to her Mother the Hon. Mrs. Mandeville, at Roehampton.”the Reverend John Mitford [Originator: “J. Mandeville”]

• pages 157-160. Review: Joseph Beaumont’s Original Poems in English and Latin. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 161-164. Review: Matthew Gregory Lewis’s Journal of a West India Proprietor. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 164-165. Review: William Carus Wilson’s Helps to the Building of Churches and Parsonage-houses. Edward John Carlos

• pages 165-167. Review: Joseph Mendham’s The Life and Pontificate of St. Pius V. The Reverend Joseph Mendham (reviewing his own work)

• pages 167-168. Review: William Rae Wilson’s Records of a Route through France and Italy. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 168-169. Review: The Prometheus of Aeschylus, and the Electra of Sophocles (trans. George Croker Fox). The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 169-171. Review: William Dansey’s Horae Decanicae Rurales. John Bruce• pages 172-173. Review: The Architectural Magazine (ed. John Claudius Loudon), vol. 2, nos. 18-

22. Edward John Carlos• pages 173-174. Review: Samuel Thomas Bloomfield’s The Greek Testament (2nd ed.). Thomas

Hartwell Horne





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 174-180. Review: William Phelps’s The History and Antiquities of Somersetshire. Alfred John Kempe

• pages 180-181. Review: William Lisle Bowles’s Scenes and Shadows of Days departed. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 181. Review: Joshua Wilson’s An historical Inquiry concerning the Principles, Opinions, and Usages of the English Presbyterians. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 182. Review: Child’s History of Women. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 182. Review: J. G. Seymer’s The Romance of Ancient Egypt. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 182-183. Review: Chart of Britannia Romana. Alfred John Kempe• pages 183. Review: An Introduction to the Study of Birds. John Britton• pages 183. Review: Anne Rodwell’s The Juvenile Pianist. Mary Anne Iliffe Nichols• pages 183. Review: The Sentiment of Flowers. Mary Anne Iliffe Nichols• pages 183. Review: A Voyage of Discovery. Mary Anne Iliffe Nichols• pages 184. Review: Thomas Kibble Hervey’s The Book of Christmas. John Gough Nichols• pages 184-185. Review: The Clerical Guide, and Ecclesiastical Directory. John Gough Nichols• pages 185. Review: Harmony of the Gospels. John Gough Nichols• pages 185. Review: The Four Gospels, arranged in a Series of Tabular Parallels. John Gough

Nichols• pages 185. Review: The Companion to the Almanac. John Gough Nichols• pages 185. Review: Samuel Butler’s A Sketch of Ancient and Modern Geography. Mary Anne

Iliffe Nichols• pages 185. Review: Jane Kinderley Stanford’s A Lady’s Gift, or Woman as she ought to be. Mary

Anne Iliffe Nichols• pages 185-186. S:. “The Lawrence Gallery.” W. B. Morgan• pages 187. S:. “St. George’s Church, Shrewsbury.” Henry Pidgeon• pages 187. Review: Richard Westall and John Martin. Illustrations to the BIBLE. John Gough

Nichols• pages 187-188. Review: Thomas Roscoe’s Wanderings through North Wales, pts. 5-10. John

Gough Nichols• pages 188. Review: Clarkson Stanfield’s Coast Scenery, pts. 3-6. John Gough Nichols• pages 188. Review: William Finden’s Byron Beauties. Mary Anne Iliffe Nichols• pages 193-194. S:. “Society of Antiquaries.” John Gough Nichols• pages 200. Obituary: Mary Amelia, Marchioness of Salisbury. John Gough Nichols• pages 200-201. Obituary: William Humble Ward, 10th Lord Ward. John Gough Nichols• pages 201. Obituary: George Charles Venables Vernon, 4th Lord Vernon. John Gough Nichols• pages 201. Obituary: Lieut.-Gen. Thomas Mahon, 2nd Lord Hartland. John Gough Nichols• pages 201-202. Obituary: John Crewe, 2nd Lord Crewe. John Gough Nichols• pages 202. Obituary: Charles Robert Lindsay. Thomas Fisher• pages 202. Obituary: Major-Gen. George Prole (partially using text of a printed obituary). Thomas

Fisher• pages 202-203. Obituary: Colonel Sweney Toone. Thomas Fisher• pages 203. Obituary: Col. Thomas Duer Broughten (partially using text of Athenaeum obituary).

Thomas Fisher• pages 204-205. Obituary: Major David Price. Thomas Fisher• pages 207. Obituary: Thomas Brooke. Thomas Fisher• pages 207. Obituary: William Fraser. Thomas Fisher• pages 218. L:. Query re the location of drawings by Cowper. The Reverend George Cornelius

Gorham [Originator: “G.C.G.”]





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 218. S:. Editorial response to query by “C.H.” re the Anglo-Saxon oath. John Bruce• pages 218. L:. Query re genealogical information on Chaplin family. Henry Gwyn [Originator:

“H.G.”]• pages 219-228. Review: Nathaniel Parker Willis’s Pencillings by the Way. The Reverend John

Mitford• pages 228-237. Article: “New Record Commission. No. IV [the Chancellor’s Roll of 3 John].” John

Bruce• pages 237-240. Article: “The Gate-House, Westminster.” John Gough Nichols [Originator:

“J.G.N.”]• pages 242-244. Article: “Letter of the late S.T. Coleridge [to Marten; dated 1794; printed with no

editorial comment].”the Reverend William Lisle Bowles [the transmitter of the letter]• pages 245. Article: “Portrait of Dr. [Samuel] Parr presented to Harrow School.” Dr. John Johnstone• pages 254. L:. “Wace’s Roll of the Norman Chiefs.” Edgar Taylor [Originator: “T.P.B.”]• 254n. S:. Note on Wace’s Roll of the Norman chiefs. John Gough Nichols [Originator: “Edit.”]• pages 256-259. Article: “Church of St. Bene’t Fink, London.” Henry Gwyn [Originator: “H.G.”]• pages 261-264. L:. “Letters of John George Graevius.” John Holmes [Originator: “J.H.”]• pages 265-271. Review: Andrew Ure’s Philosophy of Manufactures. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 271-272. Review: Memorials of Oxford (ed. James Ingram), nos. 33-38. Edward John Carlos• pages 273-275. Review: John Innes’s Letter to Lord Glenelg... on the working of the new system in

the British West India Colonies. Thomas Fisher [Originator: “T.F.”]• pages 275-279. Review: Report of the Select Committee on Agriculture and Report of Proceedings

of the Agricultural Meetings in London. Samuel Solly• pages 279-280. Review: The World, a Poem. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 280-281. Review: Edward Moxon’s Sonnets, pt. 2. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 282-286. Review: John Greenwood’s A Picturesque Tour to Thornton Monastery. John

Gough Nichols• pages 286-287. Review: James Holman’s Voyage around the World. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 287. Review: Deacon’s Analysis of the Parliamentary Proceedings of the Session 1835. John

Gough Nichols• pages 288. S:. “St. Saviour’s Church, Southwark.” Alfred John Kempe• pages 289. Review: Landscape-Historical Illustrations of Scotland, and the Waverley Novels, from

drawings by J.M.W. Turner. John Gough Nichols• pages 289. Review: William Finden’s Portrait and Landscape Illustrations of Lord Byron’s Life and

Works [by Thomas Moore]. John Gough Nichols• pages 289. Review: Charles John Smith’s Facsimiles of Historical and Literary Curiosities. John

Gough Nichols• pages 289. Review: J. Sainsbury’s Thirty Fac-similes of the different Signatures of the Emperor

Napoleon. John Gough Nichols• pages 293-296. S:. “Society of Antiquaries.” John Gough Nichols• pages 306. Obituary: Henry Hood, 2nd Viscount Hood. John Gough Nichols• pages 306. Obituary: William Gustavus Frederick, Count Bentinck Rhoon. John Gough Nichols• pages 306-307. Obituary: Col. William John Gore. John Gough Nichols• pages 310-312. Obituary: The Reverend Edward Burton (text from Oxford Herald). Dr. Philip Bliss

[?]• pages 312. Obituary: Sir Henry Philip Hoghton. John Gough Nichols• pages 312-313. Obituary: Sir George Cornewall. John Gough Nichols• pages 313. Obituary: Sir John Ely Parker. John Gough Nichols





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 313-314. Obituary: Sir John Kennaway (based on obituary in Exeter newspaper). John Gough Nichols

• pages 314. Obituary: Sir Thomas Harvie Farquhar. John Gough Nichols• pages 314. Obituary: Sir William Henry Cooper. John Gough Nichols• pages 314. Obituary: Capt. Sir James Dunbar. John Gough Nichols• pages 314-315. Obituary: Sir Robert Dundas. John Gough Nichols• pages 315. Obituary: Lt.-Gen. Sir John Hamilton. John Gough Nichols• pages 321-322. Obituary: John Phillips. The Reverend James Ingram• pages 323-324. Obituary: Hugh Leycester. John Gough Nichols• pages 324. Obituary: Jabez Henry. John Gough Nichols• pages 324-326. Obituary: Thomas Walker. W. B. Morgan• pages 326. Obituary: Henry Humphrey Goodhall. Thomas Fisher• pages 327. Obituary: Robert Bickerstaff. John Bowyer Nichols• pages 327-328. Obituary: Robert Davies. Henry Pidgeon• pages 338. L:. Note re a work in progress by James Boaden re the Theatres Royal of England. The

Reverend John Mitford• pages 338. L:. Note on errata in his recent article. Edgar Taylor [Originator: “T.P.B.”]• pages 339-350. Article: “Notes to Boswell’s Life of Dr. Johnson, Vol. II [cont.].”the Reverend John

Mitford• pages 358-361. Article: “Memoir of Richard Pearson, M.D.”the Reverend Richard Pearson• pages 361-365. Review: John Claudius Loudon’s Arboretum Britannicum, nos. 8-14. The Reverend

John Mitford• pages 369. Article: “Reliquary at Shipley, Sussex.” John Gough Nichols• pages 369-372. Article: “Londiniana, No. IV.” Alfred John Kempe [Originator: “A.J.K.”]• pages 376-377. L:. “Families of Nicoll and Hedges.” Charles Edward Long [Originator: “l.”]• pages 377-378. L:. “Putney Church and Bishop West’s Chapel.” Edward John Carlos [Originator:

“E.I.C.”]• pages 385-394. Review: George Henry Law, Bishop of Bath and Wells, Remarks on the present

Distresses of the Poor. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 394-395. Review: Debrett’s Peerage (21st ed.). John Gough Nichols• pages 395-396. Review: Japhet in Search of his Father. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 396-397. Review: James Augustus St. John’s Margaret Ravenscroft. The Reverend John

Mitford• pages 397-398. Review: My Aunt Pontypool. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 398-399. Review: Lady Emily Stuart Wortley’s Travelling Sketches. The Reverend John

Mitford• pages 399-400. Review: Robert Montgomery Martin’s History of the British Colonies, vol. 4:

Possessions in Africa and Austral-Asia. Thomas Fisher• pages 401-402. Review: A Guide through the Town of Shrewsbury. John Gough Nichols• pages 402-403. Peter Austin Nuttall’s Juvenal’s Satires.... Three Editions:— 1. With a Linear

Verbal Translation; 2. Translated into English Verse, by W [illiam] Gifford; and 3. With a Linear Verbal Translation and Gifford’s Poetical Version. Dr. Peter Austin Nuttall

• pages 403-404. Review: Memoirs of Mirabeau, vols. 3 and 4. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 404. Review: Lancelot Sharpe’s Nomenclator Poeticus. The Reverend James Tate

[Originator: “C.P.M.”]• pages 404-405. Review: John Hobart Caunter’s Romance of History: India. The Reverend John

Mitford





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 405. Review: Henry Thomas de la Beche’s How to Observe — Geology. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 405-406. Review: William Yate’s Account of New Zealand. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 406. Review: George Payne Rainsford James’s On the Educational Institutions of Germany.

The Reverend John Mitford• pages 406. Review: Alexander Smith’s The Philosophy of Morals. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 406. Review: Land and Sea Tales. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 406. Review: Mahmoud. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 406-407. Review: George Robert Gleig’s The Soldier’s Help to the Knowledge of Divine

Truths. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: Thoughts in the Cloister and the Crowd. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: The Parables explained to a Child. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: Oswald Charles Wood’s The History of the Assassins. The Reverend John

Mitford• pages 407. Review: Piers Edmund Butler’s The Rationality of Revealed Religion. The Reverend

John Mitford• pages 407. Review: Hewett Cottrell Watson’s The New Botanist’s Guide, vol. 1: England and

Wales. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: Alexander Negris’s Xenophontis Anabasis. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: William Hull’s The Consolations of Christianity. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: William Edward Trenchard’s Sermons. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 407. Review: Leonard Jenyns [Blomefield]’s Manual of British Vertebrated Animals. The

Reverend John Mitford• pages 407-408. Review: Posthumous Records of a London Clergyman (ed. John Hobart Caunter).

The Reverend John Mitford• pages 408. Review: Cerceau’s Life and Times of Rienzi. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 408. Review: The Parricide. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 408. Review: Plebeians and Patricians. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 408. Review: The English Boy at the Cape. Mary Anne Iliffe Nichols• pages 408-409. Review: John Yonge Akerman’s Coins of the Romans relating to Britain. John

Gough Nichols• pages 412-413. S:. “Bibliotheca Heberiana [re Richard Heber’s library].” Samuel Leigh Sotheby• pages 414-415. S:. “Society of Antiquaries.” John Gough Nichols• pages 425. Obituary: John Perceval, 4th Earl of Egmont. John Gough Nichols• pages 425-427. Obituary: William Van Mildert, Bishop of Durham. John Gough Nichols• pages 427-430. Obituary: William Scott, Baron Stowell. John Gough Nichols• pages 430-431. Obituary: Lady Frances Wright-Wilson. John Gough Nichols• pages 433. Obituary: Sir James Colquhoun. John Gough Nichols• pages 433. Obituary: Sir John James Scott Douglas. John Gough Nichols• pages 433-435. Obituary: Lieut.-Gen. Sir William Inglis. John Gough Nichols• pages 436-437. Obituary: John Gillies. The Reverend William Dealtry• pages 437-438. Obituary: Elizabeth Kemble Whitlock (sister of Sarah Siddons). W. B. Morgan• pages 441. Obituary: Barak Longmate the Younger. John Gough Nichols• pages 450. L:. Re supposed MS. of Philo Byblius. William Henry Black [Originator: “W.H.B.”]• pages 451-459. Review: E. G. Wilkinson’s Topography of Thebes, and General View of Egypt. The

Reverend John Mitford• pages 477-481. Article: “On Norman and Early Poetry. No. I. The Romances of Tristan, and the

Norman Metrical Chronicles.” Thomas Wright





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 485. Article: “Robert Wilson, the Botanist.”the Reverend John Hodgson [Originator: “V.H.”]• pages 485-488. L:. “The Celtic Language.” Duncan Forbes [Originator: “Fior-Ghael”]• pages 488. L:. “Emendations to Shakespeare.” F. Wrangton [Originator: “F.W.”]• pages 489. Article: “Ancient Mansion in South Petherton, Somersetshire.” John Chessell Buckler

[Originator: “J.C.B.”]• pages 493-497. Article: “Mr. [Edmond] Malone’s Library at Oxford.” John Payne Collier• pages 497-498. L:. “Account of Aldfield, near Ripon.” John Richard Walbran [Originator:

“R.d.C.”]• pages 501. V:. “The Aldine Anchor.”the Reverend John Mitford• pages 501-504. Article: “Retrospective Review. Chaucer.—No. I. Introductory.” Thomas Wright• pages 505-509. Review: Thomas Noon Talfourd’s Ion, a Tragedy. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 509-511. Review: Sir Richard Colt Hoare’s A History of Modern Wiltshire (cont.): William

Henry Black’s Hundred of South Damerham, George Matcham’s Hundred of Downton, and Sir Richard Colt Hoare’s Hundred of Cawden. The Reverend Joseph Hunter

• pages 511-512. Review: Joseph Mendham’s Index Librorum Prohibitorum a Sixto V. The Reverend Joseph Mendham (reviewing his own work)

• pages 512-513. Review: “Biographies of the House of Commons [Random Recollections of the House of Commons, from the year 1830 to the close of 1835; The Parliamentary Pocket Companion for 1836; Richard B. Mosse’s The Parliamentary Guide; The Parliamentary Test Book for 1835; Richard [?] Gooch’s Parliamentary Pledge Book; Richard [?] Gooch’s Parliamentary Vote-Book, 1836; The Assembled Commons, 1836; Thomas Brittain Vacher’s Parliamentary Companion for 1836].” John Gough Nichols

• pages 514-515. Review: John MacGregor’s My Note Book. The Reverend —— [William Langstaff (?)] Weddall

• pages 515-518. Review: William Wallen’s History and Antiquities of the Round Church at Little Maplestead, Essex. Edward John Carlos

• pages 518-519. Review: John Stockdale Hardy’s An Attempt to appropriate a Monument... to the memory of Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby. John Gough Nichols

• pages 519-520. Review: Anna Eliza Bray’s A Description of that part of Devonshire lying between the Tamar and the Tavy, in a series of Letters to R [obert] Southey. The Reverend John Mitford [Originator: “Syl. Urban”]

• pages 521. Review: Henry Sewell Stokes’s Vale of Lanherne. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 521. Review: [Henry?] Colman’s Views in Normandy, Picardy, &c., pt. 2. John Gough

Nichols• pages 521. Review: Eupaedia: or Letters to a Mother on the watchful care of her infant. Eliza Baker

Nichols• pages 521-522. Review: A Turbulent Spirit unreasonable, wicked, and dangerous; What is the use

of these Friendly Societies?; Pray, which is the way to the Savings’ Bank; The nature and design of the New Poor Laws explained; The Neglect and Profanation of the Sabbath, their own Punishment. Thomas Hartwell Horne

• pages 522. Review: Life of Talleyrand, vol. 3. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 522. Review: William Jowett’s The Christian Visitor. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 522. Review: Caroline Bowles’s Summer Visits to Cottages in a Country Village. The

Reverend John Mitford• pages 522. Review: John Edward Nassau Molesworth’s The Penny Sunday Reader. John Gough

Nichols• pages 522. Review: Graphic Illustrations of the Life and Times of Samuel Johnson. John Gough

Nichols





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 522. Review: C. Knight’s The Pictorial Bible. John Gough Nichols• pages 523-527. S:. “Exhibition of Designs offered for the New Houses of Parliament.” Edward

John Carlos• pages 528. Review: Engravings from the Works of the late Sir Thomas Lawrence, pt. 1. John

Gough Nichols• pages 528. Review: Charles Heath’s Drawing-room Portfolio. John Gough Nichols• pages 528. L:. Allan Cunningham’s Gallery of Pictures of English and Foreign Masters. John

Bowyer Nichols• pages 528. Review: Louisa Corbaux’s Studies of Heads from Nature. John Gough Nichols• pages 528. Review: H. Winkles and B. Winkles, Cathedrals, pts. 4-16. John Gough Nichols• pages 529. Review: H. Winkles and B. Winkles, Continental Cathedrals, pts. 1-4. John Gough

Nichols• pages 534. S:. “Society of Antiquaries.” John Gough Nichols• pages 545-546. Obituary: Admiral John Ferrier. W. B. Morgan [?]• pages 553. Obituary: Henry Roscoe. J. A. Morgan• pages 553-555. Obituary: The Reverend Richard Valpy. Henry Prater• pages 555-556. Obituary: The Reverend George Rogers. The Reverend John Ford• pages 570. L:. Genealogical remarks and queries re the Paisley family. J. B. Gardiner [Originator:

“J.B.G.”]• pages 570. S:. Response to “J.M.”’s comments on the inscription “IHS.” John Gough Nichols• pages 570. S:. Editorial comments on a drawing (submitted by “A Constant Reader”) of a cross-

bow. Alfred John Kempe• pages 571-583. Article: “On the Antiquity of Trees, (from Professor Alphonse Louis Pierre

Pyramus de Candolle,) in a Letter to Edward Jesse, Esq.”the Reverend John Mitford [Originator: “J.M.”]

• pages 594-595. L:. “Origin of ‘God save the King.’” J.R. Wilson of Newcastle-upon-Tyne [Originator: “J.R.W.”]

• pages 595-601. Review: Reginaldi Monachi Dunelmensis Libellus de Admirandis Beati Cuthberti Virtutibus quae Novellis patratae sunt Temporibus Reginald of Durham on the Miracles of St. Cuthbert (Surtees Society, vol. 1). John Bruce.

• pages 605-606. L:. “Monument at Britford, Wilts.” John Gough Nichols [Originator: “D.H.”]• pages 611-613. Review: John Eliot’s Poems, consisting of Epistles and Epigrams, Satyrs, Epitaphs

and Elegies, Songs and Sonnets, 1658. The Reverend John Mitford [Originator: “J.M.”]• pages 614-616. Article: “On Early Norman and French Poetry. No. II. The Mysteries and Miracle

Plays.” Thomas Wright• pages 617-618. Review: Robert Southey’s The Works of Cowper. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 618-619. Review: Edward Osler’s The Life of Lord Exmouth. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 619-621. Review of volume that eventually Henry Thoreau would own: Henry Hart

Milman’s NALA AND DAMAYANTI, AND OTHER POEMS, FROM THE SANSCRIT. The Reverend John Mitford

• pages 621-622. Review: Edward Lytton Bulwer-Lytton’s RIENZI. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 622-626. Review: Richard Griffin Neville, 3rd Baron Braybrooke, The History of Audley

End [Saffron Walden]. John Gough Nichols• pages 626-627. Review: Thomas Maude’s The Schoolboy. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 627-628. Review: John Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, Some account of the Life and Writings of

Clement, Bishop of Alexandria. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 628-630. Review: Charles Richard Sumner, Bishop of Winchester, The Free Course of the

Word. The Reverend John Mitford





HDT WHAT? INDEX

• pages 631-632. Review: Thomas Keightley’s The History of Rome. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 632. Review: Thucydides de Bello Peloponnesiaco (ed. Franz Joseph Goeller). The Reverend

John Mitford• pages 632. Review: Edward Johnstone’s The Life of Christ, a Manual of Elementary Religious

Knowledge, intended chiefly for the Young. The Reverend John Mitford• pages 632-633. Review: William Caveler’s Select Specimens of Gothic Architecture. Edward John

Carlos• pages 633-639. S:. “Exhibition of Designs for the New Houses of Parliament.” Edward John Carlos• pages 639. Review: Henry Shaw’s The Encyclopedia of Ornament, no. 1. John Gough Nichols• pages 647-648. S:. “Society of Antiquaries.” John Gough Nichols• pages 654-655. Review: “Theatrical Register. Covent Garden.” W. B. Morgan• pages 657-658. Obituary: Bowyer Edward Sparke, Bishop of Ely. John Gough Nichols• pages 658-659. Obituary: Henry Ryder, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. John Gough Nichols• pages 659. Obituary: Christopher Butson, Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert. John Gough Nichols• pages 663-664. Obituary: William Morton Pitt. John Gough Nichols• pages 666-670. Obituary: William Godwin. W. B. Morgan• pages 670-671. Obituary: John Bell. John Bruce and ——• page 671. Obituary: Charles Millard. Thomas Amyot





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer was created a baronet. His novel ALICE and play The Lady of Lyons.

1838





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Rosina Doyle Wheeler Bulwer’s novel CHEVELEY, OR THE MAN OF HONOUR bitterly caricatured her former husband Edward George Earle Bulwer — who at this point had become a baronet and was staging a 2d play, Richelieu.

1839





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s play Money.

1840





HDT WHAT? INDEX

As a way to protest against repeal of the Corn Laws, Edward George Earle Bulwer retired as a politician. This, together with his friendship with Benjamin Disraeli, would cause him to become a Tory. His NIGHT AND MORNING. He started Monthly Chronicle, a semi-scientific magazine. He would spend some years in continental travel, not reentering the political arena until 1852.

Ebenezer Elliott retired wealthy and moved from Sheffield to spend his retirement on Hargate Hill at Great Houghton near Barnsley.

At this point he wrote a fragment of autobiography.

1841





HDT WHAT? INDEX





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer’s ZANONI.

1842





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Succeeding to the Knebworth estate under the terms of his mother’s will, Edward George Earle Bulwer laid plans to become Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton. His THE LAST OF THE BARONS.

1843





HDT WHAT? INDEX

February 20, Tuesday: Edward George Earle Bulwer assumed the name and arms of Lytton by royal licence and his surname officially became “Bulwer-Lytton.”

In an area of approximately 800 feet square, or smaller, in Jersey City, New Jersey, a substance resembling bloody flesh fell from the sky in pieces varying from the size of a dime to the size of a quarter. This event, which necessitated the re-washing of some clothing that had been strung up to dry, would be duly reported in the local newspapers — and eventually the Concord Freeman would make a comment on this news item (a report which Thoreau presumably saw).

Daniel Webster addressed the Supreme Court of the United States in regard to the Girard will, a case which had to do with the Christian ministry and the religious instruction of the young. First, here is a description of the situation before the court, per Edwin P. Whipple’s THE GREAT SPEECHES AND ORATIONS OF DANIEL WEBSTER WITH AN ESSAY ON DANIEL WEBSTER AS A MASTER OF ENGLISH STYLE (Boston: Little, Brown, 1879):

The heirs at law of the late Stephen Girard, of Philadelphia,instituted a suit in October, 1836, in the Circuit Court of theEastern District of Pennsylvania, sitting as a court of equity,to try the question of the validity of his will. In April, 1841,the cause came on for hearing in the Circuit Court, and wasdecided in favor of the will. The case was carried by appeal tothe Supreme Court of the United States, at Washington, where itwas argued by General Jones and Mr. Webster for the complainantsand appellants, and by Messrs. Binney and Sergeant for thevalidity of the will.

1844

WALDEN: Our village life would stagnate if it were not for theunexplored forests and meadows which surround it. We need thetonic of wildness.... At the same time that we are earnest toexplore and learn all things, we require that all things bemysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be infinitelywild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable.We can never have enough of Nature. We must be refreshed by thesight of inexhaustible vigor, vast and Titanic features, theseacoast with its wrecks, the wilderness with its living and itsdecaying trees, the thunder cloud, and the rain which lasts threeweeks and produces freshets. We need to witness our own limitstransgressed, and some life pasturing freely where we neverwander.... I love to see that Nature is so rife with life thatmyriads can be afforded to be sacrificed and suffered to prey onone another; that tender organizations can be so serenelysquashed out of existence like pulp, — tadpoles which heronsgobble up, and tortoises and toads run over in the road; and thatsometimes it has rained flesh and blood!

RAINS OF BLOOD, &C.





HDT WHAT? INDEX

The following speech was made by Mr. Webster in the course ofthe trial at Washington. A deep impression was produced upon thepublic mind by those portions of it which enforced the intimateconnection of the Christian ministry with the business ofinstruction, and the necessity of founding education on areligious basis.This impression resulted in the following correspondence:—

“Washington, February 13, 1844.“SIR,—Enclosed is a copy of certain proceedings of ameeting held in reference to your argument in theSupreme Court of the case arising out of the late Mr.Girard’s will. In communicating to you the requestcontained in the second resolution, we take leave toexpress our earnest hope that you may find it convenientto comply with that request.“We are, Sir, with high consideration, yours, veryrespectfully,“P.R. FENDALL, }HORACE STRINGFELLOW,}JOSHUA N. DANFORTH, }R.R. GURLEY, }WILLIAM RUGGLES, } Committee.JOEL S. BACON, }THOMAS SEWALL, }WILLIAM B. EDWARDS, }

“HON. DANIEL WEBSTER.”

“At a meeting of a number of citizens, belonging todifferent religious denominations, of Washington andits vicinity, convened to consider the expediency ofprocuring the publication of so much of Mr. Webster’sargument before the Supreme Court of the United States,in the case of François F. Vidal et al., Appellants, v.The Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of Philadelphia, andStephen Girard’s Executors, as relates to that part ofMr. Girard’s will which excludes ministers of religionfrom any station or duty in the college directed by thetestator to be founded, and denies to them the right ofvisiting said college; the object of the meeting havingbeen stated by Professor Sewall in a few appropriateremarks, the Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth was electedchairman, and the Rev. Isaac S. Tinsley secretary.“Whereupon it was, on motion, unanimously resolved,

“1st. That, in the opinion of this meeting, the powerfuland eloquent argument of Mr. Webster, on the before-mentioned clause of Mr. Girard’s will, demonstrates thevital importance of Christianity to the success of ourfree institutions, and its necessity as the basis of alluseful moral education; and that the general diffusionof that argument among the people of the United States





HDT WHAT? INDEX

is a matter of deep public interest.

“2d. That a committee of eight persons, of the severalChristian denominations represented in this meeting, beappointed to wait on Mr. Webster, and, in the name andon behalf of this meeting, to request him to prepare forthe press the portion referred to of his argument in theGirard case; and, should he consent to do so, to causeit to be speedily published and extensivelydisseminated.

“The following gentlemen were appointed the committeeunder the second resolution: Philip R. Fendall, Esq.,Rev. Horace Stringfellow, Rev. Joshua N. Danforth, Rev.R. Randolph Gurley, Professor William Ruggles, Rev.President J.S. Bacon, Doctor Thomas Sewall, Rev.William B. Edwards.“The meeting then adjourned.“H.L. ELLSWORTH, Chairman“ISAAC S. TINSLEY, Secretary.”

“Washington, February 13, 1844.“GENTLEMEN,—I have the honor to acknowledge the receiptof your communication. Gentlemen connected with thepublic press have, I believe, reported my speech in thecase arising under Mr. Girard’s will. I will look overthe report of that part of it to which you refer, so faras to see that it is free from material errors, but Ihave not leisure so to revise it as to give it the formof a careful or regular composition.“I am, Gentlemen, with very true regard, your obedientservant,“DANIEL WEBSTER.

“To Messrs. P.R. FENDALL,HORACE STRINGFELLOW,JOSHUA N. DANFORTH,R.R. GURLEY,WILLIAM RUGGLES,JOEL S. BACON,THOMAS SEWALL,WILLIAM B. EDWARDS.”

The following mottoes were prefixed to this speechin its original pamphlet edition:

“Socrates. If, then, you wish public measures to beright and noble, virtue must be given by you to thecitizens.“Alcibiades. How could any one deny that?“Socrates. Virtue, therefore, is that which is to befirst possessed, both by you and by every other personwho would have direction and care, not only for himselfand things dear to himself, but for the state and thingsdear to the state.“Alcibiades. You speak truly.





HDT WHAT? INDEX

“Socrates. To act justly and wisely (both you and thestate), YOU MUST ACT ACCORDING TO THE WILL OF GOD.“Alcibiades. It is so.”—Plato.

“Sic igitur hoc a principio persuasum civibus, dominosesse omnium rerum ac moderatores, deos.”—Cicero deLegibus.“We shall never be such fools as to call in an enemy tothe substance of any system, to supply its defects, orto perfect its construction.”

“If our religious tenets should ever want a furtherelucidation, we shall not call on atheism to explainthem. We shall not light up our temple from thatunhallowed fire.”

“We know, and it is our pride to know, that man is, byhis constitution, a religious animal.”—Burke.

Given that background information — here are Daniel Webster’s words to the supreme court on this day:

MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONORS:—It is not necessary for me to narrate, in detail, the numerousprovisions of Mr. Girard’s will. This has already beenrepeatedly done by other counsel, and I shall content myselfwith stating and considering those parts only which areimmediately involved in the decision of this cause.The will is drawn with apparent care and method, and is regularlydivided into clauses. The first nineteen clauses contain variousdevises and legacies to relatives, to other private individualsand to public bodies. By the twentieth clause the whole residueof his estate, real and personal, is devised and bequeathed tothe “mayor, aldermen, and citizens of Philadelphia,” in trustfor the several uses to be after mentioned and declared.The twenty-first clause contains the devise or bequest to thecollege, in these words:—

“And so far as regards the residue of my personal estatein trust, as to two millions of dollars, part thereof,to apply and expend so much of that sum as may benecessary in erecting, as soon as practicably may be,in the centre of my square of ground, between High andChestnut Streets, and Eleventh and Twelfth Streets, inthe city of Philadelphia, (which square of ground Ihereby devote for the purpose hereinafter stated, andfor no other, for ever,) a permanent college, withsuitable out-buildings sufficiently spacious for theresidence and accommodation of at least three hundredscholars, and the requisite teachers and other personsnecessary in such an institution as I direct to beestablished, and in supplying the said college and out-buildings with decent and suitable furniture, as wellas books, and all things needful to carry into effect





HDT WHAT? INDEX

my general design.”

The testator then proceeds to direct that the college shall beconstructed of the most durable materials, avoiding needlessornament, and attending chiefly to the strength, convenience,and neatness of the whole; and gives directions, very much indetail, respecting the form of the building, and the size andfashion of the rooms. The whole square, he directs, shall beenclosed with a solid wall, at least fourteen inches thick andten feet high, capped with marble, and guarded with irons on thetop, so as to prevent persons from getting over; and there areto be two places of entrance into the square, with two gates ateach, one opening inward and the other outward, those openinginward to be of iron, and those opening outward to be of wood-work, lined with sheet-iron.The testator then proceeds to give his directions respecting theinstitution, laying down his plan and objects in severalarticles. The third article is in these words:—

“3. As many poor white male orphans, between the agesof six and ten years, as the said income shall beadequate to maintain, shall be introduced into thecollege as soon as possible; and from time to time, asthere may be vacancies, or as increased ability fromincome may warrant, others shall be introduced.”

The fifth direction is as follows:—

“5. No orphan should be admitted until the guardians,or directors of the poor, or a proper guardian or othercompetent authority, shall have given, by indenture,relinquishment, or otherwise, adequate power to themayor, aldermen, and citizens of Philadelphia, or todirectors or others by them appointed, to enforce, inrelation to each orphan, every proper restraint, and toprevent relations or others from interfering with orwithdrawing such orphan from the institution.”

By the sixth article, or direction, preference is to be given,first, to orphans born in Philadelphia; second, to those bornin other parts of Pennsylvania; third, to those born in the cityof New York; and, lastly, to those born in the city of NewOrleans.By the seventh article, it is declared, that the orphans shallbe lodged, fed, and clothed in the college; that they shall beinstructed in the various branches of a sound education,comprehending reading, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography,navigation, surveying, practical mathematics, astronomy,natural, chemical, and experimental philosophy, and the Frenchand Spanish languages, and such other learning and science asthe capacities of the scholars may merit or want. The Greek andLatin languages are not forbidden, but are not recommended.By the ninth article it is declared, that the boys shall remainin the college till they arrive at between fourteen and eighteenyears of age, when they shall be bound out by the city government





HDT WHAT? INDEX

to suitable occupations, such as agriculture, navigation, andthe mechanical trades.The testator proceeds to say, that he necessarily leaves manydetails to the city government; and then adds, “There are,however, some restrictions which I consider it my duty toprescribe, and to be, amongst others, conditions on which mybequest for said college is made, and to be enjoyed.”The second of these restrictions is in the following words:—

“Secondly. I enjoin and require that no ecclesiastic,missionary, or minister, of any sect whatever, shallever hold or exercise any station or duty whatever inthe said college; nor shall any such person ever beadmitted for any purpose, or as a visitor, within thepremises appropriated to the purposes of the saidcollege.

“In making this restriction, I do not mean to cast anyreflection upon any sect or person whatsoever; but, asthere is such a diversity of opinion amongst them, Idesire to keep the tender minds of the orphans who areto derive advantage from this bequest free from theexcitement which clashing doctrines and sectariancontroversy are so apt to produce; my desire is, thatall the instructors and teachers in the college shalltake pains to instil into the minds of the scholars thepurest principles of morality, so that on their entranceinto active life they may, from inclination and habit,evince benevolence towards their fellow-creatures, anda love of truth, sobriety, and industry, adopting at thesame time such religious tenets as their matured reasonmay enable them to prefer.”

The testator having, after the date of his will, bought a housein Penn Township, with forty-five acres of land, he made acodicil, by which he directed the college to be built on thisestate, instead of the square mentioned in the will, and thewhole establishment to be made thereon, just as if he had in hiswill devoted the estate to that purpose. The city government hasaccordingly been advised that the whole forty-five acres mustbe enclosed with the same high wall as was provided in the willfor the square in the city.I have now stated, I believe, all the provisions of the willwhich are material to the discussion of that part of the casewhich respects the character of the institution.The first question is, whether this devise can be sustained,otherwise than as a charity, and by that special aid andassistance by which courts of equity support gifts to charitableuses.If the devise be a good limitation at law, if it require noexercise of the favor which is bestowed on privilegedtestaments, then there is already an end to the question. But Itake it that this point is conceded. The devise is void,according to the general rules of law, on account of the





HDT WHAT? INDEX

uncertainty in the description of those who are intended toreceive its benefits.“Poor white male orphan children” is so loose a description,that no one can bring himself within the terms of the bequest,so as to say that it was made in his favor. No individual canacquire any right or interest; nobody, therefore, can comeforward as a party, in a court of law, to claim participationin the gift. The bequest must stand, if it stand at all, on thepeculiar rules which equitable jurisprudence applies tocharities. This is clear.I proceed, therefore, to submit, and most conscientiously toargue, a question, certainly one of the highest which this courthas ever been called upon to consider, and one of the highest,and most important, in my opinion, ever likely to come beforeit. That question is, whether, in the eye of equitablejurisprudence, this devise be a charity at all. I deny that itis so. I maintain, that neither by judicial decisions nor bycorrect reasoning on general principles can this devise orbequest be regarded as a charity. This part of the argument isnot affected by the particular judicial system of Pennsylvania,or the question of the power of her courts to uphold andadminister charitable gifts. The question which I now proposerespects the inherent, essential, and manifest character of thedevise itself. In this respect, I wish to express myselfclearly, and to be correctly and distinctly understood. What Ihave said I shall stand by, and endeavor to maintain; namely,that in the view of a court of equity this devise is no charityat all. It is no charity, because the plan of education proposedby Mr. Girard is derogatory to the Christian religion; tends toweaken men’s reverence for that religion, and their convictionof its authority and importance; and therefore, in its generalcharacter, tends to mischievous, and not to useful ends.The proposed school is to be founded on plain and clearprinciples, and for plain and clear objects, of infidelity. Thiscannot well be doubted; and a gift, or devise, for such objects,is not a charity, and as such entitled to the well-known favorwith which charities are received and upheld by the courts ofChristian countries.In the next place, the object of this bequest is against thepublic policy of the State of Pennsylvania, in which StateChristianity is declared to be the law of the land. For thatreason, therefore, as well as the other, the devise ought notto be allowed to take effect.These are the two propositions which it is my purpose tomaintain, on this part of the case.This scheme of instruction begins by attempting to attachreproach and odium to the whole clergy of the country. It placesa brand, a stigma, on every individual member of the profession,without an exception. No minister of the Gospel, of anydenomination, is to be allowed to come within the groundsbelonging to this school, on any occasion, or for any purposewhatever. They are all rigorously excluded, as if their mere





HDT WHAT? INDEX

presence might cause pestilence. We have heard it said that Mr.Girard, by this will, distributed his charity withoutdistinction of sect or party. However that may be, Sir, hecertainly has dealt out opprobrium to the whole profession ofthe clergy, without regard to sect or party.By this will, no minister of the Gospel of any sect ordenomination whatever can be authorized or allowed to hold anyoffice within the college; and not only that, but no ministeror clergyman of any sect can, for any purpose whatever, enterwithin the walls that are to surround this college. If aclergyman has a sick nephew, or a sick grandson, he cannot, uponany pretext, be allowed to visit him within the walls of thecollege. The provision of the will is express and decisive.Still less may a clergyman enter to offer consolation to thesick, or to unite in prayer with the dying.Now, I will not arraign Mr. Girard or his motives for this. Iwill not inquire into Mr. Girard’s opinions upon religion. ButI feel bound to say, the occasion demands that I should say,that this is the most opprobrious, the most insulting andunmerited stigma, that ever was cast, or attempted to be cast,upon the preachers of Christianity, from north to south, fromeast to west, through the length and breadth of the land, in thehistory of the country. When have they deserved it? Where havethey deserved it? How have they deserved it? They are not to beallowed even the ordinary rights of hospitality; not even to bepermitted to put their foot over the threshold of this college!Sir, I take it upon myself to say, that in no country in theworld, upon either continent, can there be found a body ofministers of the Gospel who perform so much service to man, insuch a full spirit of self-denial, under so little encouragementfrom government of any kind, and under circumstances almostalways much straitened and often distressed, as the ministersof the Gospel in the United States, of all denominations. Theyform no part of any established order of religion; theyconstitute no hierarchy; they enjoy no peculiar privileges. Insome of the States they are even shut out from all participationin the political rights and privileges enjoyed by their fellow-citizens. They enjoy no tithes, no public provision of any kind.Except here and there, in large cities, where a wealthyindividual occasionally makes a donation for the support ofpublic worship, what have they to depend upon? They have todepend entirely on the voluntary contributions of those who hearthem.And this body of clergymen has shown, to the honor of their owncountry and to the astonishment of the hierarchies of the OldWorld, that it is practicable in free governments to raise andsustain by voluntary contributions alone a body of clergymen,which, for devotedness to their sacred calling, for purity oflife and character, for learning, intelligence, piety, and thatwisdom which cometh from above, is inferior to none, andsuperior to most others.I hope that our learned men have done something for the honor





HDT WHAT? INDEX

of our literature abroad. I hope that the courts of justice andmembers of the bar of this country have done something to elevatethe character of the profession of the law. I hope that thediscussions above (in Congress) have done something to melioratethe condition of the human race, to secure and extend the greatcharter of human rights, and to strengthen and advance the greatprinciples of human liberty. But I contend that no literaryefforts, no adjudications, no constitutional discussions,nothing that has been done or said in favor of the greatinterests of universal man, has done this country more credit,at home and abroad, than the establishment of our body ofclergymen, their support by voluntary contributions, and thegeneral excellence of their character for piety and learning.The great truth has thus been proclaimed and proved, a truthwhich I believe will in time to come shake all the hierarchiesof Europe, that the voluntary support of such a ministry, underfree institutions, is a practicable idea.And yet every one of these, the Christian ministers of the UnitedStates, is by this devise denied the privileges which are at thesame time open to the vilest of our race; every one is shut outfrom this, I had almost said sanctum, but I will not profanethat word by such a use of it.Did a man ever live that had a respect for the Christianreligion, and yet had no regard for any one of its ministers?Did that system of instruction ever exist, which denounced thewhole body of Christian teachers, and yet called itself a systemof Christianity?The learned counsel on the other side see the weak points ofthis case. They are not blind. They have, with the aid of theirgreat learning, industry, and research, gone back to the timeof Constantine, they have searched the history of the Romanemperors, the Dark Ages, and the intervening period, down to thesettlement of these colonies; they have explored every nook andcorner of religious and Christian history, to find out thevarious meanings and uses of Christian charity; and yet, withall their skill and all their research, they have not been ableto discover any thing which has ever been regarded as a Christiancharity, that sets such an opprobrium upon the forehead of allits ministers. If, with all their endeavors, they can find anyone thing which has been so regarded, they may have theircollege, and make the most of it. But the thing does not exist;it never had a being; history does not record it, common senserevolts at it. It certainly is not necessary for me to make anecclesiastical argument in favor of this proposition. The thingis so plain, that it must instantly commend itself to yourhonors.It has been said that Mr. Girard was charitable. I am not nowgoing to controvert this. I hope he was. I hope he has found hisreward. It has also been asked, “Cannot Mr. Girard be allowedto have his own will, to devise his property according to hisown desire?” Certainly he can, in any legal devise, and the lawwill sustain him therein. But it is not for him to overturn the





HDT WHAT? INDEX

law of the land. The law cannot be altered to please Mr. Girard.He found that out, I believe, in two or three instances in hislifetime. Nor can the law be altered on account of the magnitudeand munificence of the bounty. What is the value of that bounty,however great or munificent, which touches the very foundationsof human society, which touches the very foundations ofChristian charity, which touches the very foundations of publiclaw, and the Constitution, and the whole welfare of the state?And now, let me ask, What is, in contemplation of law, “acharity”? The word has various significations. In the larger andbroader sense, it means the kindly exercise of the socialaffections, all the good feelings which man entertains towardsman. Charity is love. This is that charity of which St. Paulspeaks, that charity which covereth the sins of men, “thatsuffereth all things, hopeth all things.” In a more popularsense, charity is alms-giving or active benevolence.But the question for your honors to decide here is, What is acharity, or a charitable use, in contemplation of law? To answerthis inquiry, we are generally referred to the objectsenumerated in the 43d of Elizabeth. The objects enumerated inthat statute, and others analogous to them, are charities in thesense of equitable jurisprudence.There is no doubt that a school of learning is a charity. It isone of those mentioned in the statutes. Such a school of learningas was contemplated by the statutes of Elizabeth is a charity;and all such have borne that name and character to this day. Imean to confine myself to that description of charity, thestatute charity, and to apply it to this case alone.The devise before us proposes to establish, as its main object,a school of learning, a college. There are provisions, ofcourse, for lodging, clothing, and feeding the pupils, but allthis is subsidiary. The great object is the instruction of theyoung; although it proposes to give the children better food andclothes and lodging, and proposes that the system of educationshall be somewhat better than that which is usually provided forthe poor and destitute in our public institutions generally.The main object, then, is to establish a school of learning forchildren, beginning with them at a very tender age, andretaining them (namely, from six years to eighteen) till theyare on the verge of manhood, when they will have expended morethan one third part of the average duration of human life. Forif the college takes them at six, and keeps them till they areeighteen, a period of twelve years will be passed within itswalls; more than a third part of the average of human life. Thesechildren, then, are to be taken almost before they learn theiralphabet, and be discharged about the time that men enter on theactive business of life. At six, many do not know their alphabet.John Wesley did not know a letter till after he was six yearsold, and his mother then took him on her lap, and taught him hisalphabet at a single lesson. There are many parents who thinkthat any attempt to instil the rudiments of education into themind of a child at an earlier age, is little better than labor





HDT WHAT? INDEX

thrown away.The great object, then, which Mr. Girard seemed to have in view,was to take these orphans at this very tender age, and to keepthem within his walls until they were entering manhood. And thisobject I pray your honors steadily to bear in mind.I never, in the whole course of my life, listened to any thingwith more sincere delight, than to the remarks of my learnedfriend who opened this cause, on the nature and character oftrue charity. I agree with every word he said on that subject.I almost envy him his power of expressing so happily what hismind conceives so clearly and correctly. He is right when hespeaks of it as an emanation from the Christian religion. He isright when he says that it has its origin in the word of God.He is right when he says that it was unknown throughout all theworld till the first dawn of Christianity. He is right, pre-eminently right, in all this, as he was pre-eminently happy inhis power of clothing his thoughts and feelings in appropriateforms of speech. And I maintain, that, in any institution forthe instruction of youth, where the authority of God isdisowned, and the duties of Christianity derided and despised,and its ministers shut out from all participation in itsproceedings, there can no more be charity, true charity, foundto exist, than evil can spring out of the BIBLE, error out oftruth, or hatred and animosity come forth from the bosom ofperfect love. No, Sir! No, Sir! If charity denies its birth andparentage, if it turns infidel to the great doctrines of theChristian religion, if it turns unbeliever, it is no longercharity! There is no longer charity, either in a Christian senseor in the sense of jurisprudence; for it separates itself fromthe fountain of its own creation.There is nothing in the history of the Christian religion; thereis nothing in the history of English law, either before or afterthe Conquest; there can be found no such thing as a school ofinstruction in a Christian land, from which the Christianreligion has been, of intent and purpose, rigorously andopprobriously excluded, and yet such school regarded as acharitable trust or foundation. This is the first instance onrecord. I do not say that there may not be charity schools inwhich religious instruction is not provided. I need not go thatlength, although I take that to be the rule of the English law.But what I do say, and repeat, is, that a school for theinstruction of the young, which sedulously and reproachfullyexcludes Christian knowledge, is no charity, either on principleor authority, and is not, therefore, entitled to the characterof a charity in a court of equity. I have considered thisproposition, and am ready to stand by it.I will not say that there may not be a charity for instruction,in which there is no positive provision for the Christianreligion. But I do say, and do insist, that there is no suchthing in the history of religion, no such thing in the historyof human law, as a charity, a school of instruction for children,from which the Christian religion and Christian teachers are





HDT WHAT? INDEX

excluded, as unsafe and unworthy intruders. Such a scheme isdeprived of that which enters into the very essence of humanbenevolence, when that benevolence contemplates instruction,that is to say, religious knowledge, connected with humanknowledge. It is this which causes it to be regarded as acharity; and by reason of this it is entitled to the specialfavor of the courts of law. This is the vital question whichmust be decided by this court. It is vital to the understandingof what the law is, it is vital to the validity of this devise.If this be true, if there can be no charity in that plan ofeducation which opposes Christianity, then that goes far todecide this case. I take it that this court, in looking at thissubject, will see the important bearing of this point upon it.The learned counsel said that the State of Pennsylvania was notan infidel State. It is true that she is not an infidel State.She has a Christian origin, a Christian code of laws, a systemof legislation founded on nothing else, in many of its importantbearings upon human society, than the belief of the people ofPennsylvania, their firm and sincere belief, in the divineauthority and great importance of the truths of the Christianreligion. And she should the more carefully seek to preservethem pure.Now, let us look at the condition and prospects of these tenderchildren, who are to be submitted to this experiment ofinstruction without Christianity. In the first place, they areorphans, have no parents to guide or instruct them in the wayin which they should go, no father, no religious mother, to leadthem to the pure fount of Christianity; they are orphans. Ifthey were only poor, there might be somebody bound by ties ofhuman affection to look after their spiritual welfare; to seethat they imbibed no erroneous opinions on the subject ofreligion; that they run into no excessive improprieties ofbelief as well as conduct. The child would have its father ormother to teach it to lisp the name of its Creator in prayer,or hymn His praise. But in this experimental school ofinstruction, if the orphans have any friends or connections ableto look after their welfare, it shuts them out. It is made theduty of the governors of the institution, on taking the child,so to make out the indentures of apprenticeship as to keep himfrom any after interference in his welfare on the part ofguardians or relatives; to keep them from withdrawing him fromthe school, or interfering with his instruction whilst he is inthe school, in any manner whatever.The school or college is to be surrounded by high walls; thereare to be two gates in these walls, and no more; they are to beof iron within, and iron bound or covered without; thusanswering more to the description of a castle than a school-house. The children are to be thus guarded for twelve years inthis, I do not mean to say a prison, nor do I mean to say thatthis is exactly close confinement; but it is much closerconfinement than ordinarily is met with, under the rules of anyinstitution at present, and has a resemblance to the monastic





HDT WHAT? INDEX

institutions of past ages, rather than to any school forinstruction at this period, at least in this country.All this is to be within one great enclosure; all that is donefor the bodily or mental welfare of the child is to be donewithin this great wall. It has been said that the children couldattend public worship elsewhere. Where is the proof of this?There is no such provision in the devise; there is nothing saidabout it in any part of Mr. Girard’s will; and I shall showpresently that any such thing would be just as adverse to Mr.Girard’s whole scheme, as it would be that the doctrines ofChristianity should be preached within the walls of the college.These children, then, are taken before they know the alphabet.They are kept till the period of early manhood, and then sentout into the world to enter upon its business and affairs. Bythis time the character will have been stamped. For if there isany truth in the BIBLE, if there is any truth in those oracleswhich soar above all human authority, or if any thing beestablished as a general fact, by the experience of mankind, inthis first third of human life the character is formed. And whatsort of a character is likely to be made by this process, thisexperimental system of instruction?I have read the two provisions of Mr. Girard’s will in relationto this feature of his school. The first excludes the Christianreligion and all its ministers from its walls. The secondexplains the whole principles upon which he purposes to conducthis school. It was to try an experiment in education, neverbefore known to the Christian world. It had been recommendedoften enough among those who did not belong to the Christianworld. But it was never known to exist, never adopted by anybodyeven professing a connection with Christianity. And I cannot dobetter, in order to show the tendency and object of thisinstitution, than to read from a paper by Bishop White, whichhas been referred to by the other side.In order to a right understanding of what was Mr. Girard’s realintention and original design, we have only to read carefullythe words of the clause I have referred to. He enjoins that noministers of religion, of any sects, shall be allowed to enterhis college, on any pretence whatever. Now, it is obvious, thatby sects he means Christian sects. Any of the followers ofVoltaire or D’Alembert may have admission into this schoolwhenever they please, because they are not usually spoken of as“sects.” The doors are to be opened to the opposers and revilersof Christianity, in every form and shape, and shut to itssupporters. While the voice of the upholders of Christianity isnever to be heard within the walls, the voices of those whoimpugn Christianity may be raised high and loud, till they shakethe marble roof of the building. It is no less derogatory thusto exclude the one, and admit the other, than it would be tomake a positive provision and all the necessary arrangements forlectures and lessons and teachers, for all the details of thedoctrines of infidelity. It is equally derogatory, it is thesame in principle, thus to shut the door to one party, and open





HDT WHAT? INDEX

the door to the other.We must reason as to the probable results of such a systemaccording to natural consequences. They say, on the other side,that infidel teachers will not be admitted in this school. Howdo they know that? What is the inevitable tendency of such aneducation as is here prescribed? What is likely to occur? Thecourt cannot suppose that the trustees will act in oppositionto the directions of the will. If they accept the trust, theymust fulfil it, and carry out the details of Mr. Girard’s plan.Now, what is likely to be the effect of this system on the mindsof these children, thus left solely to its pernicious influence,with no one to care for their spiritual welfare in this worldor the next? They are to be left entirely to the tender merciesof those who will try upon them this experiment of moralphilosophy or philosophical morality. Morality withoutsentiment; benevolence towards man, without a sense ofresponsibility towards God; the duties of this life performed,without any reference to the life which is to come; this is Mr.Girard’s theory of useful education.Half of these poor children may die before the term of theireducation expires. Still, those who survive must be brought upimbued fully with the inevitable tendencies of the system.It has been said that there may be lay preachers among them. Laypreachers! This is ridiculous enough in a country ofChristianity and religion. [Here some one handed Mr. Webster anote.] A friend informs me that four of the principal religioussects in this country, the Episcopalians, Presbyterians,Methodists, and Baptists, allow no lay preachers; and these fourconstitute a large majority of the religious and Christianportion of the people of the United States. And, besides, laypreaching would be just as adverse to Mr. Girard’s originalobject and whole plan as professional preaching, provided itshould be Christianity which should be preached.It is plain, as plain as language can be made, that he did notintend to allow the minds of these children to be troubled aboutreligion of any kind, whilst they were within the college. Andwhy? He himself assigns the reason. Because of the difficultyand trouble, he says, that might arise from the multitude ofsects, and creeds, and teachers, and the various clashingdoctrines and tenets advanced by the different preachers ofChristianity. Therefore his desire as to these orphans is, thattheir minds should be kept free from all bias of any kind infavor of any description of Christian creed, till they arrivedat manhood, and should have left the walls of his school.Now, are not laymen equally sectarian in their views withclergymen? And would it not be just as easy to prevent sectariandoctrines from being preached by a clergyman, as from beingtaught by a layman? It is idle, therefore, to speak of laypreaching.

MR. SERGEANT here rose, and said that they on their sidehad not uttered one word about lay preaching. It was layteaching they spoke of.





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Well, I would just as soon take it that way as the other,teaching as preaching. Is not the teaching of laymen assectarian as the preaching of clergymen? What is the differencebetween unlettered laymen and lettered clergymen in thisrespect? Every one knows that laymen are as violentcontroversialists as clergymen, and the less informed the moreviolent. So this, while it is a little more ridiculous, isequally obnoxious. According to my experience, a layman is justas likely to launch out into sectarian views, and to advanceclashing doctrines and violent, bigoted prejudices, as aprofessional preacher, and even more so. Every objection toprofessional religious instruction applies with still greaterforce to lay teaching. As in other cases, so in this, thegreatest degree of candor is usually found accompanying thegreatest degree of knowledge. Nothing is more apt to be positiveand dogmatical than ignorance.But there is no provision in any part of Mr. Girard’s will forthe introduction of any lay teaching on religious matterswhatever. The children are to get their religion when they leavehis school, and they are to have nothing to do with religionbefore they do leave it. They are then to choose their religiousopinions, and not before.

MR. BINNEY. “Choose their tenets” is the expression.

Tenets are opinions, I believe. The mass of one’s religioustenets makes up one’s religion.Now, it is evident that Mr. Girard meant to found a school ofmorals, without any reference to, or connection with, religion.But, after all, there is nothing original in this plan of his.It has its origin in a deistical source, but not from the highestschool of infidelity. Not from Bolingbroke, or Shaftesbury, orGibbon; not even from Voltaire or D’Alembert. It is from twopersons who were probably known to Mr. Girard in the early partof his life; it is from Mr. Thomas Paine and Mr. Volney. Mr.Thomas Paine, in his “Age of Reason,” says: “Let us devise meansto establish schools of instruction, that we may banish theignorance that the ancient régime of kings and priests hasspread among the people. Let us propagate morality, unfetteredby superstition.”

MR. BINNEY. What do you get that from?

The same place that Mr. Girard got this provision of his willfrom, Paine’s “Age of Reason.” The same phraseology in effectis here. Paine disguised his real meaning, it is true. He said:“Let us devise means to establish schools to propagate morality,unfettered by superstition.” Mr. Girard, who had no disguiseabout him, uses plain language to express the same meaning. InMr. Girard’s view, religion is just that thing which Mr. Painecalls superstition. “Let us establish schools of morality,” saidhe, “unfettered by religious tenets. Let us give these childrena system of pure morals before they adopt any religion.” Theancient régime of which Paine spoke as obnoxious was that of





HDT WHAT? INDEX

kings and priests. That was the popular way he had of making anything obnoxious that he wished to destroy. Now, if he had merelywished to get rid of the dogmas which he says were establishedby kings and priests, if he had no desire to abolish theChristian religion itself, he could have thus expressed himself:“Let us rid ourselves of the errors of kings and priests, andplant morality on the plain text of the Christian religion, withthe simplest forms of religious worship.”I do not intend to leave this part of the cause, however, withouta still more distinct statement of the objections to this schemeof instruction. This is due, I think, to the subject and to theoccasion; and I trust I shall not be considered presumptuous,or as trenching upon the duties which properly belong to anotherprofession. But I deem it due to the cause of Christianity totake up the notions of this scheme of Mr. Girard, and show howmistaken is the idea of calling it a charity. In the first place,then, I say, this scheme is derogatory to Christianity, becauseit rejects Christianity from the education of youth, byrejecting its teachers, by rejecting the ordinary agencies ofinstilling the Christian religion into the minds of the young.I do not say that, in order to make this a charity, there shouldbe a positive provision for the teaching of Christianity,although, as I have already observed, I take that to be the rulein an English court of equity. But I need not, in this case,claim the whole benefit of that rule. I say it is derogatory,because there is a positive rejection of Christianity; becauseit rejects the ordinary means and agencies of Christianity. Hewho rejects the ordinary means of accomplishing an end, meansto defeat that end itself, or else he has no meaning. And thisis true, although the means originally be means of humanappointment, and not attaching to or resting on any higherauthority.For example, if the New Testament had contained a set ofprinciples of morality and religion, without reference to themeans by which those principles were to be established, and ifin the course of time a system of means had sprung up, becomeidentified with the history of the world, become general,sanctioned by continued use and custom, then he who shouldreject those means would design to reject, and would reject,that morality and religion themselves.This would be true in a case where the end rested on divineauthority, and human agency devised and used the means. But ifthe means themselves be of divine authority also, then therejection of them is a direct rejection of that authority.Now, I suppose there is nothing in the New Testament more clearlyestablished by the Author of Christianity, than the appointmentof a Christian ministry. The world was to be evangelized, wasto be brought out of darkness into light, by the influences ofthe Christian religion, spread and propagated by theinstrumentality of man. A Christian ministry was thereforeappointed by the Author of the Christian religion himself, andit stands on the same authority as any other part of his





HDT WHAT? INDEX

religion. When the lost sheep of the house of Israel were to bebrought to the knowledge of Christianity, the disciples werecommanded to go forth into all the cities, and to preach “thatthe kingdom of heaven is at hand.” It was added, that whosoeverwould not receive them, nor hear their words, it should be moretolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha than for them. And after hisresurrection, in the appointment of the great mission to thewhole human race, the Author of Christianity commanded hisdisciples that they should “go into all the world, and preachthe Gospel to every creature.” This was one of his last commands;and one of his last promises was the assurance, “Lo, I am withyou alway, even to the end of the world!” I say, therefore, thereis nothing set forth more authentically in the New Testamentthan the appointment of a Christian ministry; and he who doesnot believe this does not and cannot believe the rest.It is true that Christian ministers, in this age of the world,are selected in different ways and different modes by differentsects and denominations. But there are, still, ministers of allsects and denominations. Why should we shut our eyes to the wholehistory of Christianity? Is it not the preaching of ministersof the Gospel that has evangelized the more civilized part ofthe world? Why do we at this day enjoy the lights and benefitsof Christianity ourselves? Do we not owe it to theinstrumentality of the Christian ministry? The ministers ofChristianity, departing from Asia Minor, traversing Asia,Africa, and Europe, to Iceland, Greenland, and the poles of theearth, suffering all things, enduring all things, hoping allthings, raising men everywhere from the ignorance of idolworship to the knowledge of the true God, and everywherebringing life and immortality to light through the Gospel, haveonly been acting in obedience to the Divine instruction; theywere commanded to go forth, and they have gone forth, and theystill go forth. They have sought, and they still seek, to beable to preach the Gospel to every creature under the wholeheaven. And where was Christianity ever received, where were itstruths ever poured into the human heart, where did its waters,springing up into everlasting life, ever burst forth, except inthe track of a Christian ministry? Did we ever hear of aninstance, does history record an instance, of any part of theglobe Christianized by lay preachers, or “lay teachers”? And,descending from kingdoms and empires to cities and countries,to parishes and villages, do we not all know, that whereverChristianity has been carried, and wherever it has been taught,by human agency, that agency was the agency of ministers of theGospel? It is all idle, and a mockery, to pretend that any manhas respect for the Christian religion who yet derides,reproaches, and stigmatizes all its ministers and teachers. Itis all idle, it is a mockery, and an insult to common sense, tomaintain that a school for the instruction of youth, from whichChristian instruction by Christian teachers is sedulously andrigorously shut out, is not deistical and infidel both in itspurpose and in its tendency. I insist, therefore, that this plan





HDT WHAT? INDEX

of education is, in this respect, derogatory to Christianity,in opposition to it, and calculated either to subvert or tosupersede it.In the next place, this scheme of education is derogatory toChristianity, because it proceeds upon the presumption that theChristian religion is not the only true foundation, or anynecessary foundation, of morals. The ground taken is, thatreligion is not necessary to morality, that benevolence may beinsured by habit, and that all the virtues may nourish, and besafely left to the chance of flourishing, without touching thewaters of the living spring of religious responsibility. Withhim who thinks thus, what can be the value of the Christianrevelation? So the Christian world has not thought; for by thatChristian world, throughout its broadest extent, it has been,and is, held as a fundamental truth, that religion is the onlysolid basis of morals, and that moral instruction not restingon this basis is only a building upon sand. And at what age ofthe Christian era have those who professed to teach theChristian religion, or to believe in its authority andimportance, not insisted on the absolute necessity ofinculcating its principles and its precepts upon the minds ofthe young? In what age, by what sect, where, when, by whom, hasreligious truth been excluded from the education of youth?Nowhere; never. Everywhere, and at all times, it has been, andis, regarded as essential. It is of the essence, the vitality,of useful instruction. From all this Mr. Girard dissents. Hisplan denies the necessity and the propriety of religiousinstruction as a part of the education of youth. He dissents,not only from all the sentiments of Christian mankind, from allcommon conviction, and from the results of all experience, buthe dissents also from still higher authority, the word of Goditself. My learned friend has referred, with propriety, to oneof the commands of the Decalogue; but there is another, a firstcommandment, and that is a precept of religion, and it is insubordination to this that the moral precepts of the Decalogueare proclaimed. This first great commandment teaches man thatthere is one, and only one, great First Cause, one, and onlyone, proper object of human worship. This is the great, the everfresh, the overflowing fountain of all revealed truth. Withoutit, human life is a desert, of no known termination on any side,but shut in on all sides by a dark and impenetrable horizon.Without the light of this truth, man knows nothing of his origin,and nothing of his end. And when the Decalogue was delivered tothe Jews, with this great announcement and command at its head,what said the inspired lawgiver? that it should be kept fromchildren? that it should be reserved as a communication fit onlyfor mature age? Far, far otherwise. “And these words, which Icommand thee this day, shall be in thy heart. And thou shaltteach them diligently unto thy children, and shall talk of themwhen thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest by theway, when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.”There is an authority still more imposing and awful. When little





HDT WHAT? INDEX

children were brought into the presence of the Son of God, hisdisciples proposed to send them away; but he said, “Sufferlittle children to come unto me.” Unto me; he did not send themfirst for lessons in morals to the schools of the Pharisees, orto the unbelieving Sadducees, nor to read the precepts andlessons phylacteried on the garments of the Jewish priesthood;he said nothing of different creeds or clashing doctrines; buthe opened at once to the youthful mind the everlasting fountainof living waters, the only source of eternal truths: “Sufferlittle children to come unto me.” And that injunction is ofperpetual obligation. It addresses itself to-day with the sameearnestness and the same authority which attended its firstutterance to the Christian world. It is of force everywhere, andat all times. It extends to the ends of the earth, it will reachto the end of time, always and everywhere sounding in the earsof men, with an emphasis which no repetition can weaken, andwith an authority which nothing can supersede: “Suffer littlechildren to come unto me.”And not only my heart and my judgment, my belief and myconscience, instruct me that this great precept should beobeyed, but the idea is so sacred, the solemn thoughts connectedwith it so crowd upon me, it is so utterly at variance with thissystem of philosophical morality which we have heard advocated,that I stand and speak here in fear of being influenced by myfeelings to exceed the proper line of my professional duty. Gothy way at this time, is the language of philosophical morality,and I will send for thee at a more convenient season. This isthe language of Mr. Girard in his will. In this there is neitherreligion nor reason.The earliest and the most urgent intellectual want of humannature is the knowledge of its origin, its duty, and its destiny.“Whence am I, what am I, and what is before me?” This is the cryof the human soul, so soon as it raises its contemplation abovevisible, material things.When an intellectual being finds himself on this earth, as soonas the faculties of reason operate, one of the first inquiriesof his mind is, “Shall I be here always?” “Shall I live here forever?” And reasoning from what he sees daily occurring toothers, he learns to a certainty that his state of being mustone day be changed. I do not mean to deny, that it may be truethat he is created with this consciousness; but whether it beconsciousness, or the result of his reasoning faculties, mansoon learns that he must die. And of all sentient beings, healone, so far as we can judge, attains to this knowledge. HisMaker has made him capable of learning this. Before he knows hisorigin and destiny, he knows that he is to die. Then comes thatmost urgent and solemn demand for light that ever proceeded, orcan proceed, from the profound and anxious broodings of thehuman soul. It is stated, with wonderful force and beauty, inthat incomparable composition, the book of Job: “For there ishope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again,and that the tender branch thereof will not cease; that, through





HDT WHAT? INDEX

the scent of water, it will bud, and bring forth boughs like aplant. But if a man die, shall he live again?” And that questionnothing but God, and the religion of God, can solve. Religiondoes solve it, and teaches every man that he is to live again,and that the duties of this life have reference to the life whichis to come. And hence, since the introduction of Christianity,it has been the duty, as it has been the effort, of the greatand the good, to sanctify human knowledge, to bring it to thefount, and to baptize learning into Christianity; to gather upall its productions, its earliest and its latest, its blossomsand its fruits, and lay them all upon the altar of religion andvirtue.Another important point involved in this question is, Whatbecomes of the Christian Sabbath, in a school thus established?I do not mean to say that this stands exactly on the sameauthority as the Christian religion, but I mean to say that theobservance of the Sabbath is a part of Christianity in all itsforms. All Christians admit the observance of the Sabbath. Alladmit that there is a Lord’s day, although there may be adifference in the belief as to which is the right day to beobserved. Now, I say that in this institution, under Mr.Girard’s scheme, the ordinary observance of the Sabbath couldnot take place, because the ordinary means of observing it areexcluded. I know that I shall be told here, also, that layteachers would come in again; and I say again, in reply, that,where the ordinary means of attaining an end are excluded, theintention is to exclude the end itself. There can be no Sabbathin this college, there can be no religious observance of theLord’s day; for there are no means for attaining that end. Itwill be said, that the children would be permitted to go out.There is nothing seen of this permission in Mr. Girard’s will.And I say again, that it would be just as much opposed to Mr.Girard’s whole scheme to allow these children to go out andattend places of public worship on the Sabbath day, as it wouldbe to have ministers of religion to preach to them within thewalls; because, if they go out to hear preaching, they will hearjust as much about religious controversies, and clashingdoctrines, and more, than if appointed preachers officiated inthe college. His object, as he states, was to keep their mindsfree from all religious doctrines and sects, and he would justas much defeat his ends by sending them out as by havingreligious instruction within. Where, then, are these littlechildren to go? Where can they go to learn the truth, toreverence the Sabbath? They are far from their friends, theyhave no one to accompany them to any place of worship, no oneto show them the right from the wrong course; their minds mustbe kept clear from all bias on the subject, and they are justas far from the ordinary observance of the Sabbath as if therewere no Sabbath day at all. And where there is no observance ofthe Christian Sabbath there will of course be no public worshipof God.In connection with this subject I will observe, that there has





HDT WHAT? INDEX

been recently held a large convention of clergymen and laymenin Columbus, Ohio, to lead the minds of the Christian public tothe importance of a more particular observance of the ChristianSabbath; and I will read, as part of my argument, an extractfrom their address, which bears with peculiar force upon thiscase.

“It is alike obvious that the Sabbath exerts itssalutary power by making the population acquainted withthe being, perfections, and laws of God; with ourrelations to him as his creatures, and our obligationsto him as rational, accountable subjects, and with ourcharacter as sinners, for whom his mercy has provided aSaviour; under whose government we live to be restrainedfrom sin and reconciled to God, and fitted by his wordand spirit for the inheritance above.”

“It is by the reiterated instruction and impressionwhich the Sabbath imparts to the population of a nation,by the moral principle which it forms, by the consciencewhich it maintains, by the habits of method,cleanliness, and industry it creates, by the rest andrenovated vigor it bestows on exhausted human nature,by the lengthened life and higher health it affords, bythe holiness it inspires, and cheering hopes of heaven,and the protection and favor of God, which itsobservance insures, that the Sabbath is rendered themoral conservator of nations.

“The omnipresent influence the Sabbath exerts, however,by no secret charm or compendious action, upon massesof unthinking minds; but by arresting the stream ofworldly thoughts, interests, and affections, stoppingthe din of business, unlading the mind of its cares andresponsibilities, and the body of its burdens, while Godspeaks to men, and they attend, and hear, and fear, andlearn to do his will.

“You might as well put out the sun, and think toenlighten the world with tapers, destroy the attractionof gravity, and think to wield the universe by humanpowers, as to extinguish the moral illumination of theSabbath, and break this glorious main-spring of themoral government of God.”

And I would ask, Would any Christian man consider it desirablefor his orphan children, after his death, to find refuge withinthis asylum, under all the circumstances and influences whichwill necessarily surround its inmates? Are there, or will therebe, any Christian parents who would desire that their childrenshould be placed in this school, to be for twelve years exposedto the pernicious influences which must be brought to bear ontheir minds? I very much doubt if there is any Christian fatherwho hears me this day, and I am quite sure that there is noChristian mother, who, if called upon to lie down on the bed of





HDT WHAT? INDEX

death, although sure to leave her children as poor as childrencan be left, who would not rather trust them, nevertheless, tothe Christian charity of the world, however uncertain it hasbeen said to be, than place them where their physical wants andcomforts would be abundantly attended to, but away from thesolaces and consolations, the hopes and the grace, of theChristian religion. She would rather trust them to the mercy andkindness of that spirit, which, when it has nothing else left,gives a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple; to thatspirit which has its origin in the fountain of all good, and ofwhich we have on record an example the most beautiful, the mosttouching, the most intensely affecting, that the world’s historycontains, I mean the offering of the poor widow, who threw hertwo mites into the treasury. “And he looked up, and saw the richmen casting their gifts into the treasury; and he saw also acertain poor widow casting in thither two mites. And he said,Of a truth I say unto you, that this poor widow hath cast inmore than they all; for all these have, of their abundance, castin unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath castin all the living that she had.” What more tender, more solemnlyaffecting, more profoundly pathetic, than this charity, thisoffering to God, of a farthing! We know nothing of her name, herfamily, or her tribe. We only know that she was a poor woman,and a widow, of whom there is nothing left upon record but thissublimely simple story, that, when the rich came to cast theirproud offerings into the treasury, this poor woman came also,and cast in her two mites, which made a farthing! And thatexample, thus made the subject of divine commendation, has beenread, and told, and gone abroad everywhere, and sunk deep intoa hundred millions of hearts, since the commencement of theChristian era, and has done more good than could be accomplishedby a thousand marble palaces, because it was charity mingledwith true benevolence, given in the fear, the love, the service,and honor of God; because it was charity, that had its originin religious feeling; because it was a gift to the honor of God!Cases have come before the courts, of bequests, in last wills,made or given to God, without any more specific direction; andthese bequests have been regarded as creating charitable uses.But can that be truly called a charity which flies in the faceof all the laws of God and all the usages of Christian man? Iarraign no man for mixing up a love of distinction and notorietywith his charities. I blame not Mr. Girard because he desiredto raise a splendid marble palace in the neighborhood of abeautiful city, that should endure for ages, and transmit hisname and fame to posterity. But his school of learning is notto be valued, because it has not the chastening influences oftrue religion; because it has no fragrance of the spirit ofChristianity. It is not a charity, for it has not that whichgives to a charity for education its chief value. It will,therefore, soothe the heart of no Christian parent, dying inpoverty and distress, that those who owe to him their being maybe led, and fed, and clothed by Mr. Girard’s bounty, at the





HDT WHAT? INDEX

expense of being excluded from all the means of religiousinstruction afforded to other children, and shut up through themost interesting period of their lives in a seminary withoutreligion, and with moral sentiments as cold as its own marblewalls.I now come to the consideration of the second part of this clausein the will, that is to say, the reasons assigned by Mr. Girardfor making these restrictions with regard to the ministers ofreligion; and I say that these are much more derogatory toChristianity than the main provision itself, excluding them. Hesays that there are such a multitude of sects and such diversityof opinion, that he will exclude all religion and all itsministers, in order to keep the minds of the children free fromclashing controversies. Now, does not this tend to subvert allbelief in the utility of teaching the Christian religion toyouth at all? Certainly, it is a broad and bold denial of suchutility. To say that the evil resulting to youth from thedifferences of sects and creeds overbalances all the benefitswhich the best education can give them, what is this but to saythat the branches of the tree of religious knowledge are sotwisted, and twined, and commingled, and all run so much intoand over each other, that there is therefore no remedy but tolay the axe at the root of the tree itself? It means that, andnothing less! Now, if there be any thing more derogatory to theChristian religion than this, I should like to know what it is.In all this we see the attack upon religion itself, made on itsministers, its institutions, and its diversities. And that isthe objection urged by all the lower and more vulgar schools ofinfidelity throughout the world. In all these schools, calledschools of Rationalism in Germany, Socialism in England, and byvarious other names in various countries which they infest, thisis the universal cant. The first step of all these philosophicalmoralists and regenerators of the human race is to attack theagency through which religion and Christianity are administeredto man. But in this there is nothing new or original. We findthe same mode of attack and remark in Paine’s “Age of Reason.”At page 336 he says: “The Bramin, the follower of Zoroaster, theJew, the Mahometan, the Church of Rome, the Greek Church, theProtestant Church, split into several hundred contradictorysectaries, preaching, in some instances, damnation against eachother, all cry out, ‘Our holy religion!’”We find the same view in Volney’s “Ruins of Empires.” Mr. Volneyarrays in a sort of semicircle the different and conflictingreligions of the world. “And first,” says he, “surrounded by agroup in various fantastic dresses, that confused mixture ofviolet, red, white, black, and speckled garments, with headsshaved, with tonsures, or with short hairs, with red hats,square bonnets, pointed mitres, or long beards, is the standardof the Roman Pontiff. On his right you see the Greek Pontiff,and on the left are the standards of two recent chiefs (Lutherand Calvin), who, shaking off a yoke that had become tyrannical,had raised altar against altar in their reform, and wrested half





HDT WHAT? INDEX

of Europe from the Pope. Behind these are the subaltern sects,subdivided from the principal divisions. The Nestorians,Eutychians, Jacobites, Iconoclasts, Anabaptists, Presbyterians,Wickliffites, Osiandrians, Manicheans, Pietists, Adamites, theContemplatives, the Quakers, the Weepers, and a hundred others,all of distinct parties, persecuting when strong, tolerant whenweak, hating each other in the name of the God of peace, formingsuch an exclusive heaven in a religion of universal charity,damning each other to pains without end in a future state, andrealizing in this world the imaginary hell of the other.”Can it be doubted for an instant that sentiments like these arederogatory to the Christian religion? And yet on grounds andreasons exactly these, not like these, but EXACTLY these, Mr.Girard founds his excuse for excluding Christianity and itsministers from his school. He is a tame copyist, and has onlyraised marble walls to perpetuate and disseminate the principlesof Paine and of Volney. It has been said that Mr. Girard was ina difficulty; that he was the judge and disposer of his ownproperty. We have nothing to do with his difficulties. It hasbeen said that he must have done as he did do, because therecould be no agreement otherwise. Agreement? among whom? aboutwhat? He was at liberty to do what he pleased with his own. Hehad to consult no one as to what he should do in the matter. Andif he had wished to establish such a charity as might obtain theespecial favor of the courts of law, he had only to frame it onprinciples not hostile to the religion of the country.But the learned gentleman went even further than this, and toan extent that I regretted; he said that there was as muchdispute about the BIBLE as about any thing else in the world. No,thank God, that is not the case!

MR. BINNEY. The disputes about the meaning of words andpassages; you will admit that?

Well, there is a dispute about the translation of certain words;but if this be true, there is just as much dispute about it outof Mr. Girard’s institution as there would be in it. And if thisplan is to be advocated and sustained, why does not every mankeep his children from attending all places of public worshipuntil they are over eighteen years of age? He says that a prudentparent keeps his child from the influence of sectariandoctrines, by which I suppose him to mean those tenets that areopposed to his own. Well, I do not know but what that plan isas likely to make bigots as it is to make any thing else. I grantthat the mind of youth should be kept pliant, and free from allundue and erroneous influences; that it should have as much playas is consistent with prudence; but put it where it can obtainthe elementary principles of religious truth; at any rate, thosebroad and general precepts and principles which are admitted byall Christians. But here in this scheme of Mr. Girard, all sectsand all creeds are denounced. And would not a prudent fatherrather send his child where he could get instruction under anyform of the Christian religion, than where he could get none at





HDT WHAT? INDEX

all? There are many instances of institutions, professing oneleading creed, educating youths of different sects. The Baptistcollege in Rhode Island receives and educates youths of allreligious sects and all beliefs. The colleges all over NewEngland differ in certain minor points of belief, and yet thatis held to be no ground for excluding youth with other forms ofbelief, and other religious views and sentiments.But this objection to the multitude and differences of sects isbut the old story, the old infidel argument. It is notoriousthat there are certain great religious truths which are admittedand believed by all Christians. All believe in the existence ofa God. All believe in the immortality of the soul. All believein the responsibility, in another world, for our conduct inthis. All believe in the divine authority of the New Testament.Dr. Paley says that a single word from the New Testament shutsup the mouth of human questioning, and excludes all humanreasoning. And cannot all these great truths be taught tochildren without their minds being perplexed with clashingdoctrines and sectarian controversies? Most certainly they can.And, to compare secular with religious matters, what wouldbecome of the organization of society, what would become of manas a social being, in connection with the social system, if weapplied this mode of reasoning to him in his social relations?We have a constitutional government, about the powers, andlimitations, and uses of which there is a vast amount ofdifferences of belief. Your honors have a body of laws, nowbefore you, in relation to which differences of opinion, almostinnumerable, are daily spread before the courts; in all thesewe see clashing doctrines and opinions advanced daily, to asgreat an extent as in the religious world.Apply the reasoning advanced by Mr. Girard to humaninstitutions, and you will tear them all up by the root; as youwould inevitably tear all divine institutions up by the root,if such reasoning is to prevail. At the meeting of the firstCongress there was a doubt in the minds of many of the proprietyof opening the session with prayer; and the reason assigned was,as here, the great diversity of opinion and religious belief.At length Mr. Samuel Adams, with his gray hairs hanging abouthis shoulders, and with an impressive venerableness now seldomto be met with, (I suppose owing to the difference of habits,)rose in that assembly, and, with the air of a perfect Puritan,said that it did not become men, professing to be Christian men,who had come together for solemn deliberation in the hour oftheir extremity, to say that there was so wide a difference intheir religious belief, that they could not, as one man, bow theknee in prayer to the Almighty, whose advice and assistance theyhoped to obtain. Independent as he was, and an enemy to allprelacy as he was known to be, he moved that the Rev. Mr. Duché,of the Episcopal Church, should address the Throne of Grace inprayer. And John Adams, in a letter to his wife, says that henever saw a more moving spectacle. Mr. Duché read the Episcopalservice of the Church of England, and then, as if moved by the





HDT WHAT? INDEX

occasion, he broke out into extemporaneous prayer. And thosemen, who were then about to resort to force to obtain theirrights, were moved to tears; and floods of tears, Mr. Adams says,ran down the cheeks of the pacific Quakers who formed part ofthat most interesting assembly. Depend upon it, where there isa spirit of Christianity, there is a spirit which rises aboveforms, above ceremonies, independent of sect or creed, and thecontroversies of clashing doctrines.The consolations of religion can never be administered to anyof these sick and dying children in this college. It is said,indeed, that a poor, dying child can be carried out beyond thewalls of the school. He can be carried out to a hostelry, orhovel, and there receive those rites of the Christian religionwhich cannot be performed within those walls, even in his dyinghour! Is not all this shocking? What a stricture is it upon thiswhole scheme! What an utter condemnation! A dying youth cannotreceive religious solace within this seminary of learning!But, it is asked, what could Mr. Girard have done? He could havedone, as has been done in Lombardy by the Emperor of Austria,as my learned friend has informed us, where, on a large scale,the principle is established of teaching the elementaryprinciples of the Christian religion, of enforcing human dutiesby divine obligations, and carefully abstaining in all casesfrom interfering with sects or the inculcation of sectariandoctrines. How have they done in the schools of New England?There, as far as I am acquainted with them, the great elementsof Christian truth are taught in every school. The Scripturesare read, their authority taught and enforced, their evidencesexplained, and prayers usually offered.The truth is, that those who really value Christianity, andbelieve in its importance, not only to the spiritual welfare ofman, but to the safety and prosperity of human society, rejoicethat in its revelations and its teachings there is so much whichmounts above controversy, and stands on universalacknowledgment. While many things about it are disputed or aredark, they still plainly see its foundation, and its mainpillars; and they behold in it a sacred structure, rising up tothe heavens. They wish its general principles, and all its greattruths, to be spread over the whole earth. But those who do notvalue Christianity, nor believe in its importance to society orindividuals, cavil about sects and schisms, and ring monotonouschanges upon the shallow and so often refuted objections foundedon alleged variety of discordant creeds and clashing doctrines.I shall close this part of my argument by reading extracts froman English writer, one of the most profound thinkers of the age,a friend of reformation in the government and laws, John Foster,the friend and associate of Robert Hall. Looking forward to theabolition of the present dynasties of the Old World, anddesirous to see how the order and welfare of society is to bepreserved in the absence of present conservative principles, hesays:—

“Undoubtedly the zealous friends of popular education





HDT WHAT? INDEX

account knowledge valuable absolutely, as being theapprehension of things as they are; a prevention ofdelusions; and so far a fitness for right volitions. Butthey consider religion (besides being itself theprimary and infinitely the most important part ofknowledge) as a principle indispensable for securingthe full benefit of all the rest. It is desired, andendeavored, that the understandings of these openingminds may be taken possession of by just and solemnideas of their relation to the Eternal Almighty Being;that they may be taught to apprehend it as an awfulreality, that they are perpetually under hisinspection; and, as a certainty, that they must atlength appear before him in judgment, and find inanother life the consequences of what they are in spiritand conduct here. It is to be impressed on them, thathis will is the supreme law, that his declarations arethe most momentous truth known on earth, and his favorand condemnation the greatest good and evil. Under anascendency of this divine wisdom it is, that theirdiscipline in any other knowledge is designed to beconducted; so that nothing in the mode of theirinstruction may have a tendency contrary to it, andevery thing be taught in a manner recognizing therelation with it, as far as shall consist with anatural, unforced way of keeping the relation in view.Thus it is sought to be secured, that, as the pupil’smind grows stronger, and multiplies its resources, andhe therefore has necessarily more power and means forwhat is wrong, there may be luminously presented to him,as if celestial eyes visibly beamed upon him, the mostsolemn ideas that can enforce what is right.”

“Such is the discipline meditated for preparing thesubordinate classes to pursue their individual welfare,and act their part as members of the community....”

“All this is to be taught, in many instances directly,in others by reference for confirmation, from the HolyScriptures, from which authority will also beimpressed, all the while, the principles of religion.And religion, while its grand concern is with the stateof the soul towards God and eternal interests, yet takesevery principle and rule of morals under its peremptorysanction; making the primary obligation andresponsibility be towards God, of every thing that is aduty with respect to men. So that, with the subjects ofthis education, the sense of propriety shall beconscience; the consideration of how they ought to beregulated in their conduct as a part of the communityshall be the recollection that their Master in heavendictates the laws of that conduct, and will judicially





HDT WHAT? INDEX

hold them amenable for every part of it.”

“And is not a discipline thus addressed to the purposeof fixing religious principles in ascendency, as far asthat difficult object is within the power of discipline,and of infusing a salutary tincture of them intowhatever else is taught, the right way to bring upcitizens faithful to all that deserves fidelity in thesocial compact?...

“Lay hold on the myriads of juvenile spirits before theyhave time to grow up through ignorance, into a recklesshostility to social order; train them to sense and goodmorals; inculcate the principles of religion, simplyand solemnly, as religion, as a thing directly of divinedictation, and not as if its authority were chiefly invirtue of human institutions; let the higher orders,generally, make it evident to the multitude that theyare desirous to raise them in value, and promote theirhappiness; and then, whatever the demands of the peopleas a body, thus improving in understanding and sense ofjustice, shall come to be, and whatever modificationtheir preponderance may ultimately enforce on the greatsocial arrangements, it will be infallibly certain thatthere never can be a love of disorder, an insolentanarchy, a prevailing spirit of revenge anddevastation. Such a conduct of the ascendent rankswould, in this nation at least, secure that, as long asthe world lasts, there never would be any formidablecommotion, or violent sudden changes. All thosemodifications of the national economy to which animproving people would aspire, and would deserve toobtain, would be gradually accomplished, in a manner bywhich no party would be wronged, and all would be thehappier.”3

I not only read this for the excellence of its sentiments andtheir application to the subject, but because they are theresults of the profound meditations of a man who is dealing withpopular ignorance. Desirous of, and expecting, a great changein the social system of the Old World, he is anxious to discoverthat conservative principle by which society can be kepttogether when crowns and mitres shall have no more influence.And he says that the only conservative principle must be, andis, RELIGION! the authority of God! his revealed will! and theinfluence of the teaching of the ministers of Christianity!

Mr. Webster here stated that he would, on Monday, bringforward certain references and legal points bearing onthis view of the case.

The court then adjourned. [There would follow two moredays of argument.]

3. Foster’s Essay on the Evils of Popular Ignorance, Section IV.





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton issued a collection of literary pieces by Samuel Laman Blanchard, titled SKETCHES FROM LIFE; BY THE LATE LAMAN BLANCHARD: WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY SIR EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON, BART. EMBELLISHED WITH A PORTRAIT, AFTER A DRAWING BY DANIEL MACLISE, R.A., AND SEVERAL WOOD ENGRAVINGS, FROM DESIGNS BY GEORGE CRUIKSHANK, KENNY MEADOWS, AND FRANK STONE (London: Henry Colburn, Publisher, Great Marlborough Street).

A copy of this would be found in the personal library of Henry Thoreau.

In this year Bulwer-Lytton also issued LUCRETIA.

WHAT I’M WRITING IS TRUE BUT NEVER MINDYOU CAN ALWAYS LIE TO YOURSELF

1846

SKETCHES FROM LIFE, ISKETCHES FROM LIFE, IISKETCHES FROM LIFE, III

Edward Bulwer-Lytton “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project






http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/46/1846_SamuelLamanBlanchard_I.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/46/1846_SamuelLamanBlanchard_II.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/46/1846_SamuelLamanBlanchard_III.pdf


HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton’s HAROLD, OR THE LAST OF THE SAXON KINGS.

April 29, Monday: In Italy, after the rioting, Margaret Fuller visited Monte Cavallo in Gaeta to see the “broken windows and burnt door” of the papal palace. She heard children at play, chanting “Morte al Papa.”

The death of the 1st child of Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton and Rosina Doyle Wheeler Bulwer, Lady Emily Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton.

1848





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton’s THE CAXTONS.

1849





HDT WHAT? INDEX

July 31, Thursday: At Ramsgate near the London Great Exhibition, a 20-year-old aristocratic Russian traveler named Helena Petrovna von Hahn (Blavatsky) made an entry in her diary: “Nuit mémorable. Certaine nuit par un clair de lune qui se couchait à — Ramsgate ... — lorsque je rencontrai le Maître de mes Rêves.” Later, asked about this curious entry by a devotee, she would explain that “Ramsgate” had been a code she was using for the high Himalayas, and that this mysterious Master of her Dreams had been Master Morya, a Tibetan sage and a brother of the Great White Brotherhood of Masters. Madame Blavatsky, we see, was an adept in the literature produced by Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton.

Henry Thoreau visited his friends Benjamin Marston Watson and Mary Russell Watson, who lived near Plymouth.

July 31, Thursday: Those same round shells (Scutella parma (placenta) ?) on the sand as at Cape Cod,the live ones reddish the dead white– Went off early this morning with Uncle Ned to catch bass with the smallfish I had found on the sand the night before– 2 of his neighbor Albert Watson’s boys were there –not Jamesthe oldest –but Edward the sailor & Mortimer –(or Mort –) in their boat They killed some striped basse (Labraxlineatus) with paddles in a shallow creek in the sand –& caught some lobsters. I remarked that the sea shore wassingularly clean for notwithstanding the spattering of the water & mud & squirting of the clams & wading to &fro the boat my best black pants retained no stains nor dirt as they would acquire from walking in the country.I caught a bass with a young — haik? (perchance) trailing 30 feet behind while Uncle Ned paddled.– Theycatch them in England with a “trawl-net” sometimes they weigh 75 lbs hereAt 11 AM set sail to Plymouth. We went somewhat out of a direct course to take advantage of the tide whichwas coming in. Saw the site of the first house which was burned –on Leyden Street –walked up the same. –parallel with the Town Brook. Hill from which Billington Sea was discovered hardly a mile from the shore onWatsons grounds. Watsons Hill where treaty was made across brook South of Burying Hill At [Marston]Watsons– The Oriental Plane– Abies Douglasii– ginkgo tree q.v. on Common. –a foreign hardhack –Eng. oak–dark colored small leaf –Spanish chestnut. Chinese arbor-vitæ– Norway spruce like our fir balsam– A newkind of fir-balsam– Black eagle one of the good cherries– fuchsias in hot house– Earth bank covered withcement.Mr Thomas Russel –who cannot be 70 –at whose house on Leyden st. I took tea & spent the evening –told methat he remembered to have seen Ebeneezer Cobb a nat. of Plymouth who died in Kingston in 1801 aged 107who remembered to have had personal knowledge of Peregrine White saw him an old man riding on horse back–(he lived to be 83)– White was born at Cape Cod harbor before the Pilgrims got to Plymouth– C. Sturgis’smother told me the same of herself at the same time. She remembered Cobb sitting in an arm chair like the oneshe herself occupied with his silver locks falling about his shoulders twirling one thumb over the other– Russelltold me that he once bought some primitive woodland in P. which was sold at auction the bigest Pitch pines 2ft diameter –for 8 shillings an acre– If he had bought enough it would have been a pasture. There is still forestin this town which the axe has not touched says Geo. Bradford. According to Thatchers Hist. of P. there were11,662 acres of woodland in ’31. or 20 miles square. Pilgrims first saw Bil. sea about Jan 1st –visited it Jan 8th.The oldest stone in the Plymouth Burying ground 1681 (Coles? hill where those who died the first winter wereburied –said to have been levelled & sown to conceal loss from Indians.) Oldest on our hill 1677 In MrsPlympton’s Garden on Leyden st. running down to Town Brook. Saw an abundance of pears –gathered excellentJune-eating apples –saw a large lilack about 8 inches diameter– Methinks a soil may improve when at lengthit has shaded itself with vegetation.Wm S Russel the Registrer at the Court House showed the oldest Town records. for all are preserved –on 1stpage a plan of Leyden st dated Dec. 1620 –with names of settlers. They have a great many folios. The writingplain. Saw the charter granted by the Plymouth Company to the Pilgrims signed by Warwick date 1629 & thebox in which it was brought over with the seal.Pilgrim Hall– They used to crack off pieces of the Forefathers Rock for visitors with a cold chisel till the townforebade it. The stone remaining at wharf is about 7 ft square. Saw 2 old arm chairs that came over in the May

1851




Whenever and wherever you see this little pencil icon in the pages of this Kouroo Contexture, it is marking an extract from the journal of Henry David Thoreau. OK?


HDT WHAT? INDEX

flower.– the large picture by Sargent.– Standish’s sword.– gun barrel with which Philip was killed – – mug &pocket-book of Clark the mate– Iron pot of Standish.– Old pipe tongs. Ind relics a flayer

a pot or mortar of a kind of fire proof stone very hard–

only 7 or 8 inches long. A Commission from Cromwell to Winslow? –his signature torn off. They talk of amonument on the rock. The burying hill 165 ft high. Manomet 394 ft high by state map. Saw more pears atWashburn’s garden. No graves of Pilgrims.Seaweed generally used along shore– Saw the Prinos glabra, inkberry at Bil. sea. Sandy plain with oaks ofvarious kinds cut in less than 20 yrs– No communication with Sandwich– P end of world 50 miles thither byrail road– Old. Colony road poor property. Nothing saves P. but the rock. Fern-leaved beach–Saw the King crab Limulus polyphemus –horseshoe & saucepan fish –at the island covered with sea green &buried in the sand –for concealment.In P. the Convolvulus arvensis –small Bindweed.

KING PHILLIP





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Reentering the political arena due to dissatisfaction with the policy of Lord John Russell in regard to the Corn Laws, Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton stood for Hertfordshire as a Conservative. He would hold that seat in the Parliament until being elevated to the peerage in 1866 as Baron Lytton of Knebworth in Hertford.

1852





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton’s MY NOVEL.

1853





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton’s THE HAUNTED AND THE HAUNTERS, also known as THE HOUSE AND THE BRAIN.

1857





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton entered Lord Derby’s government as Secretary of State for the Colonies, to serve alongside his old friend Benjamin Disraeli.

June: With Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton standing as parliamentary candidate for Hertfordshire, his ex Rosina Doyle Wheeler Bulwer put in an appearance at various gatherings in order hotly to denounce him. Although the ex would be arrested on charges of insanity, such charges could not be made to stick and a few weeks later she would be free again. This would be grist for her tell-all book A BLIGHTED LIFE. Her attacks upon her former husband’s character would continue for the remainder of his life.

1858





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton’s WHAT WILL HE DO WITH IT?

1859





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton’s A STRANGE STORY.

1862





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton was elevated to the peerage as Baron Lytton of Knebworth in Hertford.

1866





HDT WHAT? INDEX

A “Rosicrucian Society” founded in this year by Robert Wentworth Little would claim Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st baron Lytton as their Grand Patron. He would, however, report that he was “extremely surprised” as he had “never sanctioned such.”

1867





HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE COMING RACE (also reprinted as VRIL: THE POWER OF THE COMING RACE) drew heavily on Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st baron Lytton’s interest in the occult and contributed to the birth of the science fiction genre. Some suggest that the book would come to inspire Nazi mysticism, and indeed it has contributed to “hollow-earth” fantasizing.

1871





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st baron Lytton’s play, Money, was produced at Prince of Wales’s Theatre.

1872





HDT WHAT? INDEX

The last novel of Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st baron Lytton was KENELM CHILLINGLY, which was under serial publication in Blackwood’s Magazine at the time of his death.

January 18: Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st baron Lytton died in Torquay, Devonshire.The body would be interred in Westminster Abbey.

“MAGISTERIAL HISTORY” IS FANTASIZING, HISTORY IS CHRONOLOGY

1873








HDT WHAT? INDEX

The camel died quite suddenly on the second day, and Selenafretted sulkily and, buffing her already impeccable nails —notfor the first time since the journey began— pondered snidely ifthis would dissolve into a vignette of minor inconveniences likeall the other holidays spent with Basil.

— Gail Cain, San Francisco, California

The lovely woman-child Kaa was mercilessly chained to the cruelpost of the warrior-chief Beast, with his barbarous tribe nowstacking wood at her nubile feet, when the strong, clear voiceof the poetic and heroic Handsomas roared, “Flick your Bic,crisp that chick, and you’ll feel my steel through your lastmeal.”

— Steven Garman, Pensacola, Florida

The countdown had stalled at T minus 69 seconds when Desiree,the first female ape to go up in space, winked at me slyly andpouted her thick, rubbery lips unmistakably—the first of manysuch advances during what would prove to be the longest, andmost memorable, space voyage of my career.

— Martha Simpson, Glastonbury, Connecticut

The bone-chilling scream split the warm summer night in two, thefirst half being before the scream when it was fairly balmy andcalm and pleasant for those who hadn’t heard the scream at all,but not calm or balmy or even very nice for those who did hearthe scream, discounting the little period of time during theactual scream itself when your ears might have been hearing itbut your brain wasn’t reacting yet to let you know.

— Patricia E. Presutti, Lewiston, New York

1983 BULWER-LYTTON FICTION CONTEST








HDT WHAT? INDEX

The notes blatted skyward as the sun rose over the Canada geese,feathered rumps mooning the day, webbed appendages franticallypeddling unseen bicycles in their search for sustenance, drivenby Nature’s maxim, “Ya wanna eat, ya gotta work,” and at last Iknew Pittsburgh.

— Sheila B. Richter, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Like an expensive sports car, fine-tuned and well-built, Portiawas sleek, shapely, and gorgeous, her red jumpsuit molding herbody, which was as warm as the seatcovers in July, her hair asdark as new tires, her eyes flashing like bright hubcaps, andher lips as dewy as the beads of fresh rain on the hood; she wasa woman driven—fueled by a single accelerant—and she needed aman, a man who wouldn’t shift from his views, a man to steer heralong the right road, a man like Alf Romeo.

— Rachel E. Sheeley, Williamsburg, Indiana

Professor Frobisher couldn’t believe he had missed seeing it forso long—it was, after all, right there under his nose—but in allhis years of research into the intricate and mysterious ways ofthe universe, he had never noticed that the freckles on his upperlip, just below and to the left of the nostril, partially hiddenuntil now by a hairy mole he had just removed a week before,exactly matched the pattern of the stars in the Pleides, downto the angry red zit that had just popped up where he and hiscolleagues had only today discovered an exploding nova.

— Ray C. Gainey, Indianapolis, Indiana

Dolores breezed along the surface of her life like a flat stoneforever skipping across smooth water, rippling realitysporadically but oblivious to it consistently, until she finallylost momentum, sank, due to an overdose of fluoride as a childwhich caused her to lie forever on the floor of her life asuseless as an appendix and as lonely as a five-hundred-pound









HDT WHAT? INDEX

barbell in a steroid-free fitness center.— Linda Vernon, Newark, California

Sultry it was and humid, but no whisper of air caused the plump,laden spears of golden grain to nod their burdened heads as theyunheedingly awaited the cyclic rape of their gleaming treasure,while overhead the burning orb of luminescence ascended itsever-upward path toward a sweltering celestial apex, foralthough it is not in Kansas that our story takes place, it looksgodawful like it.

— Judy Frazier, Lathrop, Missouri

As the newest Lady Turnpot descended into the kitchen wrappedonly in her celery-green dressing gown, her creamy bosom risingand falling like a temperamental souffle, her tart mouth pursedin distaste, the sous-chef whispered to the scullery boy,“I don’t know what to make of her.”

— Laurel Fortuner, Montendre, France

She wasn’t really my type, a hard-looking but untalentedreporter from the local cat box liner, but the first second thatthe third-rate representative of the fourth estate cracked opena new fifth of old Scotch, my sixth sense said seventh heavenwas as close as an eighth note from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony,so, nervous as a tenth grader drowning in eleventh-hour crammingfor a physics exam, I swept her into my longing arms, and,humming “The Twelfth of Never,” I got lucky on Friday thethirteenth.

— Wm. W. “Buddy” Ocheltree, Port Townsend, Washington

As the fading light of a dying day filtered through the windowblinds, Roger stood over his victim with a smoking .45,surprised at the serenity that filled him after pumping sixslugs into the bloodless tyrant that mocked him day after day,









HDT WHAT? INDEX

and then he shuffled out of the office with one last look backat the shattered computer terminal lying there like a siliconarmadillo left to rot on the information superhighway.

— Larry Brill, Austin, Texas

Paul Revere had just discovered that someone in Boston was a spyfor the British, and when he saw the young woman believed to bethe spy’s girlfriend in an Italian restaurant he said to thewaiter, “Hold the spumoni — I’m going to follow the chick an’catch a Tory.”

— John L. Ashman, Houston, Texas

“Ace, watch your head!” hissed Wanda urgently, yet somehowprovocatively, through red, full, sensuous lips, but he couldn’tyou know, since nobody can actually watch more than part of hisnose or a little cheek or lips if he really tries, but heappreciated her warning.

— Janice Estey, Aspen, Colorado

The moment he laid eyes on the lifeless body of the nudesocialite sprawled across the bathroom floor, Detective Learyknew she had committed suicide by grasping the cap on the tamper-proof bottle, pushing down and twisting while she kept her thumbfirmly pressed against the spot the arrow pointed to, until shehit the exact spot where the tab clicks into place, allowing herto remove the cap and swallow the entire contents of the bottle,thus ending her life.

— Artie Kalemeris, Fairfax, Virginia

The corpse exuded the irresistible aroma of a piquant, anchochili glaze enticingly enhanced with a hint of fresh cilantroas it lay before him, coyly garnished by a garland of variegatedradicchio and caramelized onions, and impishly drizzled withglistening rivulets of vintage balsamic vinegar and roasted









HDT WHAT? INDEX

garlic oil; yes, as he surveyed the body of the slain food criticslumped on the floor of the cozy, but nearly empty, bistro, aquick inventory of his senses told corpulent Inspector Moreauthat this was, in all likelihood, an inside job.

— Bob Perry, Milton, Massachusetts

Through the gathering gloom of a late-October afternoon, alongthe greasy, cracked paving-stones slick from the sputum of thesky, Stanley Ruddlethorp wearily trudged up the hill from thecemetery where his wife, sister, brother, and three childrenwere all buried, and forced open the door of his decaying house,blissfully unaware of the catastrophe that was soon to devastatehis life.

— Dr. David Chuter, Kingston, Surrey

The heather-encrusted Headlands, veiled in fog as thick as smokein a crowded pub, hunched precariously over the moors, theirrocky elbows slipping off land’s end, their bulbous, craggynoses thrust into the thick foam of the North Sea like beardedold men falling asleep in their pints.

— Gary Dahl, Los Gatos, California

A small assortment of astonishingly loud brass instruments racedeach other lustily to the respective ends of their distinctmusical choices as the gates flew open to release a torrent oftawny fur comprised of angry yapping bullets that nipped atDesdemona’s ankles, causing her to reflect once again (as bloodfilled her sneakers and she fought her way through the panickingcrowd) that the annual Running of the Pomeranians inLiechtenstein was a stupid idea.

— Sera Kirk, Vancouver, British Columbia

On reflection, Angela perceived that her relationship with Tomhad always been rocky, not quite a roller-coaster ride but more









HDT WHAT? INDEX

like when the toilet-paper roll gets a little squashed so ithangs crooked and every time you pull some off you can hear therest going bumpity-bumpity in its holder until you go nuts andpush it back into shape, a degree of annoyance that Angela hadnow almost attained.

— Rephah Berg, Oakland, California

They had but one last remaining night together, so they embracedeach other as tightly as that two-flavor entwined string cheesethat is orange and yellowish-white, the orange probably being abland Cheddar and the white ... Mozzarella, although it couldpossibly be Provolone or just plain American, as it reallydoesn’t taste distinctly dissimilar from the orange, yet theywould have you believe it does by coloring it differently.

— Mariann Simms, Wetumpka, Alaska

She resolved to end the love affair with Ramon tonight ...summarily, like Martha Stewart ripping the sand vein out of ashrimp’s tail ... though the term “love affair” now struck heras a ridiculous euphemism ... not unlike “sand vein,” which isafter all an intestine, not a vein ... and that tarry substanceinside certainly isn’t sand ... and that brought her back toRamon.

— Dave Zobel, Manhattan Beach, California

As he stared at her ample bosom, he daydreamed of the dualStromberg carburetors in his vintage Triumph Spitfire, highlyfunctional yet pleasingly formed, perched prominently on top ofthe intake manifold, aching for experienced hands, the smallknurled caps of the oil dampeners begging to be inspected andadjusted as described in chapter seven of the shop manual.

— Dan McKay, Fargo, North Dakota

Detective Bart Lasiter was in his office studying the light from









HDT WHAT? INDEX

his one small window falling on his super burrito when the doorswung open to reveal a woman whose body said you’ve had yourlast burrito for a while, whose face said angels did exist, andwhose eyes said she could make you dig your own grave and lickthe shovel clean.

— Jim Guigli, Carmichael, California

Gerald began—but was interrupted by a piercing whistle whichcost him ten percent of his hearing permanently, as it dideveryone else in a ten-mile radius of the eruption, not that itmattered much because for them “permanently” meant the next tenminutes or so until buried by searing lava or suffocated bychoking ash—to pee.

— Jim Gleeson, Madison, Wisconsin

Theirs was a New York love, a checkered taxi ride burning rubber,and like the city, their passion was open 24/7, steam risingfrom their bodies like slick streets exhaling warm, moist, whitebreath through manhole covers stamped “Forged by DeLaney Bros.,Piscataway, N.J.”

— Garrison Spik, Washington DC

Folks say that if you listen real close at the height of thefull moon, when the wind is blowin’ off Nantucket Sound from thenor’ east and the dogs are howlin’ for no earthly reason, youcan hear the awful screams of the crew of the “Ellie May,” asturdy whaler Captained by John McTavish; for it was on justsuch a night when the rum was flowin’ and, Davey Jones be damned,big John brought his men on deck for the first of severalscreaming contests.

— David McKenzie, Federal Way, Washington

For the first month of Ricardo and Felicity’s affair, theygreeted one another at every stolen rendezvous with a kiss — a









HDT WHAT? INDEX

lengthy, ravenous kiss, Ricardo lapping and sucking at Felicia’smouth as if she were a giant cage-mounted water bottle and hewere the world’s thirstiest gerbil.

— Molly Ringle, Seattle WA

Cheryl’s mind turned like the vanes of a wind-powered turbine,chopping her sparrow-like thoughts into bloody pieces that fellonto a growing pile of forgotten memories.

— Sue Fondrie, Oshkosh WI

As he told her that he loved her she gazed into his eyes,wondering, as she noted the infestation of eyelash mites, thetiny deodicids burrowing into his follicles to eat the greasysebum therein, each female laying up to 25 eggs in a singlefollicle, causing inflammation, whether the eyes are truly thewindows of the soul; and, if so, his soul needed regrouting.

— Cathy Bryant, Manchester, England

She strutted into my office wearing a dress that clung to herlike Saran Wrap to a sloppily butchered pork knuckle, bone andsinew jutting and lurching asymmetrically beneath its folds, thetightness exaggerating the granularity of the suet and causingwhat little palatable meat there was to sweat, its transparencythe thief of imagination.

— Chris Wieloch, Brookfield WI








HDT WHAT? INDEX

COPYRIGHT NOTICE: In addition to the property of others,such as extensive quotations and reproductions ofimages, this “read-only” computer file contains a greatdeal of special work product of Austin Meredith,copyright 2014. Access to these interim materials willeventually be offered for a fee in order to recoup someof the costs of preparation. My hypercontext buttoninvention which, instead of creating a hypertext leapthrough hyperspace —resulting in navigation problems—allows for an utter alteration of the context withinwhich one is experiencing a specific content alreadybeing viewed, is claimed as proprietary to AustinMeredith — and therefore freely available for use byall. Limited permission to copy such files, or anymaterial from such files, must be obtained in advancein writing from the “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo”Project, 833 Berkeley St., Durham NC 27705. Pleasecontact the project at <[email protected]>.

Prepared: May 4, 2014

“It’s all now you see. Yesterday won’t be over untiltomorrow and tomorrow began ten thousand years ago.”

– Remark by character “Garin Stevens”in William Faulkner’s INTRUDER IN THE DUST




mailto:[email protected]

Well, tomorrow is such and such a date and so it began on that date in like 8000BC? Why 8000BC, because it was the beginning of the current interglacial -- or what?

Bearing in mind that this is America, "where everything belongs," the primary intent of such a notice is to prevent some person or corporate entity from misappropriating the materials and sequestering them as property for censorship or for profit.


HDT WHAT? INDEX

ARRGH AUTOMATED RESEARCH REPORT

GENERATION HOTLINE

This stuff presumably looks to you as if it were generated by ahuman. Such is not the case. Instead, someone has requested thatwe pull it out of the hat of a pirate who has grown out of theshoulder of our pet parrot “Laura” (as above). What thesechronological lists are: they are research reports compiled byARRGH algorithms out of a database of modules which we term theKouroo Contexture (this is data mining). To respond to such arequest for information we merely push a button.





HDT WHAT? INDEX

Commonly, the first output of the algorithm has obviousdeficiencies and we need to go back into the modules stored inthe contexture and do a minor amount of tweaking, and then weneed to punch that button again and recompile the chronology —but there is nothing here that remotely resembles the ordinary“writerly” process you know and love. As the contents of thisoriginating contexture improve, and as the programming improves,and as funding becomes available (to date no funding whateverhas been needed in the creation of this facility, the entireoperation being run out of pocket change) we expect a diminishedneed to do such tweaking and recompiling, and we fully expectto achieve a simulation of a generous and untiring roboticresearch librarian. Onward and upward in this brave new world.

First come first serve. There is no charge.Place requests with <[email protected]>. Arrgh.




mailto:[email protected]

Date post:	11-Sep-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	6 times
Download:	0 times

â€œIT WAS A DARK AND STORMY NIGHT -

Documents