IT103_Unit 4_ Basic MS-DOS Command Line Interface (CLI)

8/8/2019 IT103_Unit 4_ Basic MS-DOS Command Line Interface (CLI)

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MS-DOS

UNIT 4



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SUPERVISES THE SYSTEM

RUNS AND CONTROLS APPLICATIONS

MANAGES DISK S AND

FILES

PROCESSES COMMANDS

Operat ing System

Operating System Functions



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DOS File Names



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DOS Wildcards

• Used in a filename to represent that ANY

characters

• Allows user to represent multiple files

• ? - any single character

• * - any group of characters, until hit the

beginning, end, period, or valid character

• *.* - represents ALL files



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• DOS Special Extensions•.EXE - Executable•.COM - Command•.SYS - System•.BAT - Batch

• DOS Common Extensions•.TXT - Text (ASCII) Files•.DAT - Data Files

• Extensions created by Software

• .XLS MS EXCEL• .JPG INTERNET GRAPHIC• .DOC MS WORD• .MDB MS Access

• .BMP Paintbrush and other graphic programs

DOS File Name Extensions



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A Directory is a grouping of related files

The ROOT directory is always the first directory levelon any disk

D1

D2

D3

D4

D1

D2

D3

D4

\ (ROOT)

F1 F2 F3 F4

Directory Structure



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Subdirectories

ROOT

LETTERS BOOK WS

DOC1

DOC2

DOC3

CHAPT1

CHAPT2

SS1

SS2

SS3



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Lower-level subdirectoriesROOT

LETTERS BOOK

PERSONALBUSINESS CLUB

ROTARY JCC

MEMBER.1

MEMBER.2

MEMBER.3

...



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Path Names



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Types of DOS Commands

• Internal

– Internal code embedded in the

COMMAND.COM file

• External

– External commands, usually found in

the DOS directory

– File extensions of .COM or .EXE do

not have to be entered to execute



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MS-DOS Command



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SYNTAX

Command Name Parameters switches

(required) required/optional optional

•Spaces separate main command parts•Colons follows a drive letter and precedes a switch

option

•Slash precedes a switch•Back Slash Starts a path and represents root level

•Separates multiple directories in a path

•Separates last directory and file name

DOS Syntax



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DIR Command• The directory (DIR) command displays the

contents of a directory.



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Displays directory structure of disk or directory

DIR

DIR /P Displays directory 1 screen (24 lines) at a timeDIR /WDisplays directory in the wide format

DIR /B Displays the bare (only file names) list

DIR /L Displays directory using lower case letters

DIR /S Displays files in current and subdirectories

DIR /O Lists files in s specified order

DIR /C Compressed Files

DIR /A Displays files and their attributes

:n (A-Z) :e (extension (A-Z) :d Date 1-9 :s Size 1-9

:g directories above files - reverse order switch

> direct output to < Get input from >> Append toNOTE: SOME SWITCHES CAN BE COMBINED

DIR Options



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MKDIR Command• The make directory (MKDIR) command

creates a new directory.

C:>mkdir \newtext



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RD (Remove Directory)Removes (deletes) a directory.

/S Removes all directories and files in the specified

directory in addition to the directory itself.

Used to remove a directory tree.

/Q Quiet mode, does not ask if ok to remove a directory

tree with /S

C:>RD TESTDIR

Directory must be empty and cannot be current



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Changes a file’s name

REN (from) (to)

c:>REN autoexec.bat autoexec.bak

Renames the autoexec.bat file to autoexec.bak

REN *.BAT *.BAK

Changes the extension of all .bat files to .bak

REN (Rename)



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Moves a file from one location to another /Y - Don’t ask for confirmation to replace /-Y - Always ask for confirmation

MOVE (from) (to)

MOVE *.BAT A:*.BAT

Move all .BAT files to A:

MOVE



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Displays the disk/directory tree

/F - Shows files in

directories /A - Uses text characters

instead of graphics

TREE |MORE

Displays tree 1 screen at a time

TREE > PRN

Prints directory tree

TREE > (file name)

Places results of tree into a file

TREE



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Deletes a directory and all of its subdirectories

and files

Syntax: DELTREE [drive:] [path] [switches]

/Y - Delete without asking for confirmation

c:>deltree \newdir

WARNING: This command can destroy entire

disks and the data is not recoverable

DELTREE



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Change Directory Command• Use the change directory (CHDIR) command to

change the working directory.

• CD.. Up one directory

• CD \ ROOT

• CD \ (path) Change to directory given



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To change the active disk drive enter:

(Drive ID) and an colon ‘:’

Examples:C:\>a: will change to the A floppy as the

active driveC:\>c: will change to the C Internal Hard

Disk as the active drive

CHANGE DISK DRIVES



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DOSKEY• Recalls DOS commands

– UP and DOWN ARROWS recallcommands;

– ESC clears command line

– F7 displays command history

– ALT+F7 clears command history

– F8 searches command history – F9 selects a command by number



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COPY Command• The COPY command copies one or more

files.



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Copies one or more files to another location.

source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file.

/B Indicates a binary file.

destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new

file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly.

/N Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file

with a non-8dot3 name.

/Z Copies networked files in restartable mode.

To append files, specify a single file for destination, but

multiple files for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3

format).C:\>Copy boy1.doc+boy2.doc boys.doc

COPY Options



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Copies the contents of a directory or directory

branch /Y - Don’t ask to confirm replacing files

/Y - Always ask for confirmation

/S - Copies subdirectories also (except empty

ones)

/E - Copies all subdirectories including empty

ones

XCOPY (directory)

c:>xcopy /s c:\testdir\*.*

XCOPY



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DEL / ERASEDeletes one or more files.

[drive:][path]filename

Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple filesby using

wildcards.

/P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.

/F Force deleting of read-only files. /S Delete specified files from all subdirectories.

/Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global

wildcard /A Selects files to delete based on attributes

c:>del badboy.doc



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Restores a deleted file

Must be used prior to saving any other file todisk

UNDELETE (file name)Restores an individual file

UNDELETE *.BAKRestore all .BAK files

UNDELETE



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Causes a .EXE, .BAT or a COM file to begin

execution.•Run filename.exe

•Type the name and extension of an

executable file•Type the name of an executable file

C:\>run autoexec.batC:\>autoexec.bat

C:\>autoexec

RUN



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•Displays or sets the system date

•Use the format of MM-DD-YY• Some computers require the date to be set in

hardware setup only.

C:\>date

The current date is: Fri

01/15/1999

Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy)

DATE



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Displays or changes the system time

C:\>time

The current time is: 16:47:18.25

Enter the new time:

Some computers require the time to be set in

hardware setup only.

TIME



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•Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

•Normally used in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file

•There can be multiple PATH statements

•Individual paths separated by “;”

•Must give path to applicable directory

PATH ; clears all search-path settings and direct

cmd.exe to search only in the current

directory.

PATH without parameters to display the current path.%PATH% Included in the new path setting causes the old

path to be appended to the new setting.PATH C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\ZIP;C:\WP60;PATH%

PATH



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VER - Displays DOS version

C:\>VER MS-DOS Version 6.00

VOL - Displays The disks volume label and serial number

C:\>vol

Volume in drive C is NT_CLASS

Volume Serial Number is 4250-1208

CLS - Clears the Screen

C:\>cls

Other Useful Commands



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• Displays or changes file attributes

– + Sets an attribute.

– - Clears an attribute.

– R Read-only file attribute.

– A Archive file attribute.

– S System file attribute.

– H Hidden file attribute.

– /S Processes matching files in the currentdirectory and all subdirectories.

C:\>attrib -r -s -h *.*

ATTRIB



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Changes the DOS prompt

PROMPT

PROMPT $P Current drive and path

PROMPT $G > (greater than sign)

PROMPT $T Time

PROMPT $D DatePROMPT $L < (less than sign)

PROMPT $Q = (equal sign)

PROMPT $B | (pipe sign)

PROMPT $_ carriage return

PROMPT

C:\>PROMPT Good Morning it is now $T $D $P $G produces

Good Morning it is now 12:31:22.11 10-21-98

C:>



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Starts the MS-DOS Editor, which creates and changes ASCII

files.

C:>edit autoexec.bat

EDIT



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FDISK• Configures a hard disk for use with MS-

DOS by allowing the creation of drivepartitions

• fdisk <enter>



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Checks a disk and displays a status report.

[drive:] Specifies the drive to check.filename Specifies the file(s) to check for

fragmentation (FAT only).

/F Fixes errors on the disk. /V FAT only: Displays the full path and name of

every file on the disk.

/R Locates bad sectors and recovers readable

information

c:>chkdsk d:

CHKDSK



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Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

/V Verifies that the information is copied correctly.

The two floppy disks must be the same type.

You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.

DISKCOPY A: A:

Copies one floppy to another

DISKCOPY A: A: /VCopies one floppy to another and verifies

WRIT E PROTECT DISK BEFORE COPYING

DISKCOPY



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FORMAT Command



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• Creates a new root directory and file allocation tablefor a disk.

• Can check for bad areas on a disk • Deletes all data from a disk

Syntax: FORMAT [Drive:] [switches]

All disks must be formatted prior to use the first time

FORMAT (drive)FORMAT A: /S Transfers system files after

formatting is done

Note : A warning will appear before formatting isstarted

FORMAT

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Places System Files on Disk

Makes disk BOOTABLE

SYS A:

SYS C:

SYS

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Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

C:\>label

Volume in drive C is NT_CLASS

Volume Serial Number is 4250-1208

Volume label (11 characters, ENTER for

none)?

LABEL

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Redirection• Redirection

– Changes the destination of input or output• < - Input

• > - Output

• Append

– Redirects output and adds to the end of a

file• >> type file1 >>file2

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Piping• Piping

– Using 2 commands in combination – Takes output from one command, makes it

the input for another

– |

– type config.sys | more

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PRINT• Prints a text file to a designated printer

• c:>print newfile.txt

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COPYCONCreates text files from the command line

without needing a text editor

copycon newtest.txt <enter>

this is a test <enter>

^Z <enter>

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ECHODisplays messages, or turns command-

echoing on or off.Type ECHO without parameters to

display the current echo setting.

C:>echo Good Morning !

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DOS HELP• 3 ways to get help on commands, etc. in

DOS – Use the /? switch on commands

– Perhaps the most important switch in DOS

– Usable on most commands – Provides:

• Brief description of command

• Syntax

• Available switches and what they do

– FASTHELP.EXE

– HELP.COM

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DOS HELP• FASTHELP.EXE

– Syntax: FASTHELP [command]• Typing FASTHELP by itself gives a

listing (with a 1-line description) of all

DOS commands• Typing FASTHELP followed by a DOS

command name is the equivalent of

using the /? switch on that command

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DOS HELP• Syntax: HELP [command]

– Runs the DOS Help utility – Provides on commands/features

• Notes

• Syntax

• Examples

– Putting a command name after the HELPcommand will jump directly to that topic

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• CONFIG.SYS

– Provides information on the system’s

hardware and memory configuration – Must be located in the ROOT DIRECTORY

• AUTOEXEC.BAT

– Contains commands that set up the workingenvironment

– Must be located in the ROOT DIRECTORY

• PATH COMMAND

– Can contain multiple search paths separatedby a colon

AUTOMATING DOS

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IT103_Unit 4_ Basic MS-DOS Command Line Interface (CLI)

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