Italian History(slides)

by F. G.

restauration

Restauration of old princes after Napoleon (1815-1848),age of the Holy Alliance, first attempts of independence

austria

Austria, or the Habsburg Empire, the enemyof Italian independence, the plurinational monarchy, the catholic power

prince of Metternich

Giuseppe Mazzini (1815-72), political thinker, conspirator,leader of the republican and democratic wing of Risorgimento,Founder of “Giovane Italia” and “Giovane Europa”

mazzini

sardinia

House of Savoy, kingdom of Sardinia, Piedmont

King Carlo Alberto

Turin

1848

1848, the spring of nations, the Manifesto of communists, first war of independence, the “Statuto albertino” in Piedmont, victory of Austria (1849), king Carlo Alberto abdicates to the throne.

Karl Marx

vitt ema II

Vittorio Emanuele II of Savoy (1820-1878), “ il re galantuomo”,king of Sardinia, fist king of united Italy, hunter, lover.

cavour

Camillo Benso, count of Cavour (1810-61), Piedmontese, liberal,the prime minister of Vittorio Emanuele II who united Italy

war of Crimea

Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82), the “hero of the two worlds”,General, patriot, republican, socialist, writer, lover,conqueror of Naples and Sicily (for the Savoy)

garibaldi

1861

1860. II war of independence. The French ally. Austria defeatedItaly unites. The kingdom of Italy (March 1861). Rome missing?

Cavour dies

Napoleon III

south

The Mezzogiorno. North and South. Bandits or rebels?

Garibaldi gives the South to the King of Italy

florence

Florence capital of Italy (1864-70).The “destra storica”, a liberal ruling class

Baron B. Ricasoli Marco Minghetti

1866

1866. Third war of independence. The Prussian ally. Kingdom of Prussia winner in the Austro-Prussian war.Italy defeated both at sea and on the field. Veneto to Italy.

battle of Lissa

battle of Custoza

General La Marmora

Otto von Bismarck

1870

1870. Rome to Italy. End of papal state. Napoleon III defeated by Bismarck1871. Declaration of German Reich.

pio IX

Pius IX. The prisoner Pope. The infallible Pope. The Pope of Syllabus. The enemy of Savoy and liberalism

depretis

Agostino Depretis (1813-87)

1876-87. The “sinistra storica” to power.“Trasformismo?”

1882

1882. The conservative alliance. Austria, Germany and Italy. Rivalry with France on North Africa.

Francesco Crispi(1818-1901, Sicilian statesman, prime minister, former republican, crushed first social movements in Sicily, tried to conquer colonies to Italy in Africa

crispi

The “fasci” siciliani

socialism

The “fourth Estate” / 1892: Italian socialist party

colonies

Italian colonialism

1890. Erithrea and Somalia

Adua 1896. Italian army defeated by ras Menelik

1911-12. Italy conquers Lybia

Italy: a late joiner?

emigration

End of XIX century – first decades of XX: mass emigration1913: 900.000 left Italy to America and Europe

1898

1898. Political crisis. People killed in Milan by soldiers.1900. King Umberto Ikilled by anarchist anarchist

Giovanni Giolitti. Statesman, Piedmontese, the man of compromise

giolitti

industrialisation

1900-1913. Industrial Italy takes off

social unrest

1913. Universal suffrage (for men)1914. Social unrest. The “red week”

GabrieleD’AnnunzioThe “vate”

war

1915-18. Italy joins France and Great Britain, or the fourth war of independence.Trent and Triest. 600.000 soldiers dead

Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860-1952), Sicilian statesman and jurist, the “president of victory”. Italy triumphant but..

orlando

D’Annunzio:a “mutilated victory?”

reds

Italy 1920-21.The “biennio rosso”. 1921: Italian Communist Party founded

Vladimir Lenin

Antonio Gramsci

duce

Benito Mussolini, the “duce” of fascism1922. Fascism at power

1929

empire

May 1936 (XIV). Conquest of Ethiopia.The Italian Empire