ITES Computer Fundamental Page 1 1. Computer Fundamental Computer Computer is an electronic device that processes or transforms data into useful information by executing a series ofpredefined instructions. Characteristi cs of Computer System1. Speed Computers can work much faster than human being. The speed of a Computer is calculated in MHz (Mega Hertz) that is one million instructions per second. 2. Accuracy Perform accurately. 3. Diligence Do not get bored or distracted. 4. Versatility Can perform multiple tasks simultaneously. 5. Storage Capacity can storage large amount of data. Component of Computer SystemComputer system is made up of a number of components. These are 1. Input devices 2. Output devices 3. Memory 4. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing UnitThese units perform processing of instructions and data inside the computer. There are broadly three parts of CPU 1. Control Units Controls all the operations in Computer 2. Arithmetic and logic Unit (ALU) Perform all the arithmetic and logic operations. 3. Primary Memory Used for temporarily storing data and instructions. Input Device Data can be fed into a Computer through input devices. Input devices accept data in its original format and translate the data into electronic signals the computer can process. Some of the example ofInput devices1. Keyboard 2. Pointing Devices( Mouse, Light pen, Track balls, Joysticks) 3. Voice/Speech Input 4. Scanners 5. Source Data Automation Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Optical Marks Recognition (OMR) Bar Code Reader Output Devices An Output device is a part of the Computer system which is used to show results. Output devices convert information from the electronic form used by the Computer into a form that people can easily work with.
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ITES Computer Fundamental Page 1
1. Computer Fundamental
Computer Computer is an electronic device that processes or transforms data into useful information by executing a series of predefined instructions.
Characteristics of Computer System 1.
Speed Computers can work much faster than human being. The speed of a Computer is calculated in MHz(Mega Hertz) that is one million instructions per second.
2.
A ccuracy Perform accurately.3.
D iligence Do not get bored or distracted.
4.
V ersatility Can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.5.
Storage Capacity can storage large amount of data.
Component of Computer System Computer system is made up of anumber of components.These are
1.
Input devices2.
Output devices
3.
Memory4.
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Central Processing Unit These units perform processing of instructions and data inside the computer. There are broadly three parts of CPU
1.
Control Units Controls all the operations in Computer2.
Arithmetic and logic Unit (ALU) Perform all the arithmetic and logic operations.
3. Primary Memory Used for temporarily storing data and instructions.
Input D eviceData can be fed into a Computer through input devices. Input devices accept data in its original format andtranslate the data into electronic signals the computer can process.Some of the example of Input devices
O utput D evicesAn Output device is a part of the Computer system which is used to show results. Output devices convertinformation from the electronic form used by the Computer into a form that people can easily work with.
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ITES Computer Fundamental Page 2
Some of the Example of O utput D evice 1.
VDU (Video Display Unit): It is used to show the information produced by the computer.
2.
Display Devices- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Printers It accepts text and graphic output from a Computer and transfers the information to paper.Generally we divide printers into two categories:1. Impact Printers: Impact printers are printers that create characters by striking a print page with a print hammer(like in typewriter).Example
- Dot Matrix Printer (Character printer).- Line Printer (Prints a line at a time).
2. Non Impact Printer: It uses techniques such as ink spray, heat, xerography or laser to form printed copy.Example
- Inkjet Printer- Laser Printer
Computer Memory There are different types of memories, which are used in computer.
1.
Primary Memory2.
Secondary Memory
Primary Memory Data and instructions are required to be stored in main memory from where it can be retrieved by CentralProcessing Unit for processing results. Main Memory serves as a temporary storage area for data and instructions.Secondary Memory The program & data that are required to be used again and again are kept in auxiliary or secondary memory.ExampleFloppy Disk, Hard Disk, Magnetic Tapes, Optical Disk (CD ROM, DVD B lu Ray)Cache memory A section of computer s memory which retains recently accessed data in order to speed up repeated access to thesame data.Concept of Hardware and Software Hardware The mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical components that comprise a computer system, such as thecentral processing unit, monitor, Keyboard and mouse as well as other equipments like printers and speakers.
Software Defined as a set of instructions or data that tell a computer what to do. There are two major types of software.1. System software The software that controls the operations of a computer system. It is a group of programsrather than one program.2. Application software A software program created to perform a specific task that the user needs to accomplish.
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ITES Computer Fundamental Page 3
W ord Processing Basic A n Introduction to W ord Processing MS Word is a software tool used for creating documents. It offers a number of features that are related to textprocessing.O pening W ord Processing Packages. 1. Click Start button and select Run.
2. Type WinWord and Click OK
button.
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T yping T ext Starting a new Paragraphs Position the insertion point where you want to start the new paragraphs, and press Enter Key
Key Combinations for deleting text or graphics T o D elete Key combination Selected text Press Backspace or D el
Characters before the insertion point Press Backspace or D el Characters after the insertion point Press D el A word before the insertion point Ctrl + Backspace A word after the insertion point Ctrl + D el
Undoing Mistakes Undo Press Ctrl + Z Redo - Press Ctrl + Y
T ext Creation and Manipulation T ext Selection
Text can be selected by using the mouse, the keyboard or both.Using Mouse W ord Double clickSentence Hold down the Ctrl key and click the sentence.Paragraph Double click the selection bar.Specific text Click and drag the I- beam pointerUsing KeyboardSingle Character Ctrl + or Ctrl + (Arrow Key)Line Ctrl + or Ctrl + (Arrow Key)Select All Ctrl + A
