Clinical and Laboratory Data

Normal Values

Physiologic Importance

Common Pathologic Conditions Associated with Abnormally High Levels

Common Pathologic Conditions Associated with Abnormally Low Levels

What is the normal value for Creatinine (Cr)?> 10 mg/dl

The ratio of RBC volume to that of whole bloodHematocrit

*Dehydration*Excessive administration of saline fluids or diureticsHigh Sodium

*Decreased oxygen carrying capacityLow Hemoglobin

What is the normal value for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?> 100 mg/dl

Which electrolyte is crucial for maintaining fluid balance and nerve impulse conduction?Sodium

*Acute kidney injury*Chronic renal failure*DehydrationHigh Blood Urea Nitrogen

*Severe vomiting or diarrhea*Chronic renal disease*High-dose beta-agonist therapyLow Potassium

Which anion is crucial for maintaining acid base balance? Chloride

*Excessive clottingHigh Platelet Count

*Excessive bleedingLow Platelet Count

What is the normal value for Sodium (Na+)?135-145 mEq/L

What is a waste product from muscle catabolism excreted by the kidneys?Creatinine

*Polycythemia*DehydrationHigh Hematocrit

*Not typically seenLow Lactate

What is the normal value for Chloride (Cl-)98-106 mEq/L

What is the end product of glucose metabolism under anaerobic metabolism?Lactate

*Metabolic acidosis*Diabetes insipidusHigh chloride

*Anemia*DehydrationLow Hematocrit

The main function of this cell is to fight infection White Blood Cell

What is the protein that carries oxygen to the tissues?Hemoglobin

*Tissue hypoxia*Septic shockHigh Lactate

*Overwhelming infection*Immune system depression*LeukemiaLow White Blood Cell Count

What is the normal value for Hemoglobin (Hb) for women?12 16 g/dl(13 17 g/dl for men)

What is the waste product from metabolism of amino acids?Blood Urea Nitrogen

*Acute kidney failure*Chronic renal failure*DehydrationHigh Creatinine

*Overhydration*Abnormal secretion of ADH*Congestive heart failure*Severe vomiting or diarrhea*Renal or hepatic failure*Addison DiseaseLow Sodium

What is the normal value for Platelet Count (Plt)?140,000 440,000/mm3

Which electrolyte is crucial for maintaining normal heart and kidney function and acid-base balance?Potassium

*PolycythemiaHigh Hemoglobin

*Liver disease*MalnutririonLow Blood Urea Nitrogen

The normal value for Lactate0.7 2.1 mEq/L

Clotting cellsPlatelets

*InfectionHigh White Blood Cell Count

*Severe vomiting or diarrhea*Metabolic alkalosis*Adrenal insufficiencyLow Chloride

The normal value for Potassium (K+)3.5 5 mEq/L

*Kidney disease*Addison Disease*Severe alcholism High Potassium

*Protein starvation*Liver diseaseLow Creatinine