Date post: | 04-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | madinah-100 |
View: | 225 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 60
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
1/60
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
2/60
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
3/60
MAR 2008 ISSUE
Its IPTime !
IP relievesbackhaul pain
Mobile backhaullandscape
Technology choices formobile backhaul
Vodafones splendidtransform on transport networks
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
4/60
At Huawei, we know that simple ideas can lead to big things. In much the
same way a tiny acorn can grow into an oak tree, we strive to realize yourfull potential through innovative products and solutions.
We devote 48% of our entire staff of over 68,000 people to R&D, which is
just one o f the reasons why t he w orlds t op telecom network operators
choose us as their partner.
We are c ommitted t o looking after y our n eeds every step o f the way. B y
putting you first, we grow your business to be as lasting and enduring as the
oak tree itself. Thats why at Huawei, we help you realize your potential from
the simplest of ideas, to ultimate success.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
5/60
Sponsor:
Editorial Department of
Huawei COMMUNICATE,
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Consultants:
Hu Houkun, Xu Zhijun, Xu Wenwei
Tao Jingwen, Ding Yun, Huang Chaowen
Chen Junhua, Wu Chuanwen, Tang Xinbing
Editor-in -Chief:
Gao Xianrui ([email protected])
Editors:
Liu Zhonglin, Pan Tao, Xu Peng, Xue Hua
Xu Ping, Chen Yuhong, Huang Zhuojian, Yao Haifei
Zhou Huajiao, Li Xuefeng, Zhou Shumin
Contributors:
Gao Ji, Cai Jueting, Du Wei, Li Hongsong
Liu Xiheng, Ma Hongzhong, Zhu Nianguo
Xi Zixue, Peng Bo, Jiang Shumiao, Zhang Bing
Liu Danting, Zhao Changcheng, Liu Haosheng
Zhou Yuchun, Hu Chang, Yang Xi
Sun Yifeng, Xie Juan, Liu Qingliang
Yu Zewang, Cui Jiang, Pu Yun
Tel: +86 755 28780808Fax: +86 755 28356180
Address: A10, Huawei Industrial Base,
Bantian, Longgang, Shenzhen,
China 518129E-mail: [email protected]
Publication registration No.:
Yue B No.10148
The information contained in this document is for
reference purpose only, and is subject to change
or withdrawal according to specic customer
requirements and conditions.
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All
Rights Reserved.
No part of this issue may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
People strongly elt the global trend towards mobile broadband at the Mobile World
Congress 2008 held earlier this year in Barcelona, Spain. Evolving rom 2G to 3G,
HSPA, and LE at an unprecedented speed, new mobile communication technologies are
becoming widely available all over the world. With a rich variety o mobile applications
and a wide range o mobile terminals, mobile communications have a ar-reaching impact
on society, and are now an integral part o peoples daily lives.
Currently, ALL IP is the development trend o mobile networks and mobile broadband
has become the ocus in the industry. Mobile content, basic networks, terminals and the
like are gradually maturing. Yet, operators are acing a variety o challenges, one o which
is rom the transport network supporting the development o mobile services.
Te rapid development o mobile broadband services has brought explosive growth o
bandwidth requirements, which orces operators to continuously expand their networks.
Te growth o bandwidth has not brought positive linear growth in their revenues; on the
contrary, the revenue per bandwidth unit has a tendency to drop.
raditional DM-based transport networks eature low bandwidth utilization rates, and
the rising need or bandwidth has put operators under great pressure in regard to transport
costs. Consequently, the traditional transport network no longer suits the development
o todays mobile broadband services. IP technology with eatures such as statistical
multiplexing and bandwidth compression can help operators to greatly improve transport
eciency. Introducing IP technology into transport networks is the only viable solution in
the era o mobile broadband.
raditional IP technologies, however, have disadvantages in reliability, manageability,
network synchronization. o realize carrier-class service transport, its necessary to optimize
the traditional IP technology into transport technology. raditional DM-based transport
networks have managed to provide carrier-class assurance or mobile service transport
by using connection-based SDH technology. Ater IP technologies are introduced in
transport networks, operators have to consider how to realize carrier-class IP transport
networks.
We have invited some industry experts to explore IP transport networks, and share their
experiences and opinions to keep you inormed o the latest solutions and developments.
A discussion o various methods or the successul transormation o transport networks
towards ALL IP is also on the agenda. As a global leader in mobile broadband and
transport networks, Huawei has successully launched the IP ransport Inrastructure
or Mobile Evolution (IPime). Te era o IP transport networks has nally arrived! Its
IPime! ogether, we will lead mobile transport to ALL IP.
Taking mobile transport to ALL IP
Tang Xinbing
Vice President of HuaweiNetwork Product Line
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
6/60
Cover Story
09 Seize today for tomorrowVodafones splendid transform ontransport networks
As mobile broadband networking gains popularity,
traditional TDM-based transport networks areno longer keeping pace with Vodafones rapid
development, and ALL IP transformation of
transport networks ranks high on its agenda.
By Zhou Yuchun
Whats inside:
P.09 P.32
Experts Forum
05 Mobile backhaul landscapeBy John Lively
02 Google to put down trans-Pacifc cable
03 Huawei unveils comprehensive IP Transport
Infrastructure for Mobile Evolution at
MWC 2008
Global Digest
01 Vodafone uses HSPA+ to head the mobile
broadband race
26 Achiving a carrier-class packettransport network
By Cui Jiang
23 Transport mode evolution in themobile broadband era
By Li Hongsong & Chen Zhidan
How to Operate
29 Networking microwavecommunication
By Liu Haosheng
Main Topic
19 Its IPTime!By Li Hongsong
Booming mobile broadband services and rapidly evolving
mobile network technologies have pushed mobile networksinto an ALL IP era.
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
7/60
P.29 P.4P.43
41 Fixed broadband access boostsmobile broadbandization
By Zhang Yufen & Wang Peng
43 Evolving mobile transport NMSBy Wang Shaosen
50 To build IP-based broadband mobilenetworks, you need
The packet microwave solutionBy Cui Jiang
Media Insight
35 IP relieves backhaul painBy Anthony Plewes
Lets COMMUNICATE beyond technology and share understandings of the latest industry trends,
successful operational cases, leading technologies and more. Based on in-depth analysis of the
matters that lie close to your heart, we will help you stay on top in the competitive telecom indus
32 Can Abis optimization really payoff?
By Chen Ni
The rapid development of mobile services has increased
pressure on mobile backhaul bandwidth, especially in terms
of 3G service provision. Abis optimization can to some extent
ameliorate this situation by enhancing transport efciency,but how great is the value generated?
Solution
37 IPTime for allMulti-scenario applications challengemobile transport networks
By He Chaohua
Mobile operators need different transport solutions when
building mobile transport networks and need the rightsolutions for different stages of development, challenges
and requirements.
Leading Edge
46 Technology choices for mobilebackhaul
By Pu Yun
You can choose from various packet transport network
technologies, including PBB-TE, IP/MPLS, and T-MPLS. Which
one is the most effective for mobile backhaul?
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
8/60
GLOBAL DIGEST
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 391
News
China Mobile joins Verizon, Vodafone, in LTE tests
China Mobile has confirmed
plans to trial next generation wireless
technology LTE (Long Term Evolution),in a three way partnership with
Vodafone and Verizon Wireless.
At the Mobile World Congress in
Barcelona, the Chinese carrier said that
the trials would encompass LTE FDD
(Frequency Division Duplex) as well as
TD-LTE (Time Division Duplex version
of LTE), as an evolution of China's
home grown TD-SCDMA technology.
China Mobile is expected to be
required to deploy TD-SCDMA when
3G licenses are nally awarded in the
country, an event many expect tohappen prior to the Beijing Olympics
which kick off in the summer.
Verizon's interest in LTE has been
recognised as something of a coup
for the GSM-community, seeing as
Verizon's existing network uses rival
CDMA2000 technology. However,
Vodafone has financial interests in
both Verizon Wireless and China
Mobile.
Sprint, T-Mobile advocate white space for backhaul
Sprint and T-Mobile have told
the Federal Communicat ionsCommission that they support the
idea of opening up white space
spectrum - the unlicensed spectrum
that sits between airwaves currently
licensed to TV broadcasters.
While Google, Microsoft and
others have been lobbying the FCC
to open up white space spectrum for
unlicensed super Wi-Fi devices, Sprint
and T-Mobile are advocating that
white space spectrum be granted
on a fixed-license basis for wirelessbackhaul services.
"Because backhaul comprises a
signicant cost for wireless carriers,
and incumbent local exchange
carriers' special-access charges
are exorbitant, Sprint Nextel and
T-Mobile must nd more affordable
alternatives to the ILECs' special-
access offerings," the operators
told the FCC.
Orange launches high speed mobile service
Orange France is rolling out a
new high speed HSDPA service for
corporate customers, beginning in
Lyon. The new service will deliver
up to 7.2Mb/s download data
speeds. Deployment in other major
cities and towns across France
should be underway by the summer
of 2008. Dubbed 3G + HSDPA, the
new service will also offer upload
data speeds of up to 1.4Mb/s.
Orange is the only operator in
France offering three types of
mobile phones compatible with 3G
+ HSDPA that can be adapted to
laptop computers.
Vodafone uses HSPA+ to head the mobile broadband race
Vodafone is to trial HSPA+, an
evolution of todays radio access
HSPA technology, to assess its
potential to deliver even higher
data rates through the upgrade of
existing network equipment.
Vodafone will work alongside
Huawei, Qualcomm and Ericsson to
trial Release 7 HSPA+ (also known
as HSPA Evolution) which has the
potential to handle data even
more efficiently than todays HSPA
technology.
The initiative will help to establish
whether HSPA+ is capable of
delivering data throughput rates of
up to 28.8Mbps compared to the
14.4Mbps maximum offered by
todays HSPA networks. If successful,
the technology has the potential
to extend the life of todays HSPA
infrastructure still further.
The project builds on early
technical assessments that Vodafone
has already carried out where the
MIMO version of HSPA+ recorded
high data throughput rates for users
in a simulated urban macrocellular
network.
Last year Vodafone launched a
3G broadband service based on High
Speed Packet Access (HSPA) with
downlink peak rates of up to 7.2Mbps
in selected hotspots within some key
markets. Vodafone plans to carry out
software upgrades to more of these
selected hotspots to deliver up to
14.4Mbps from the end of the year
as part of the existing HSPA roadmap
subject to device availability.
AT&T to invest USD1 billion in network
AT&T announced that it has
budgeted USD1 billion this year to
upgrade its international network.
The company said that amounts to
double what it spent in 2006 and
more than 30% higher than 2007s
network investment. The USD1 billion
will go toward expanding the carriers
global network reach and capacity,
and to upgrading networks to handlenew technologies, including demand
for Internet protocol services, such as
voice transmissions.
AT&T said its network upgrade
plans include: new sub-sea fiber-
optic cable capacity to Japan
and Asia; new core MPLS routers
in Europe, Asia and the United
States; new network-to-network
connections to extend reach
into high growth markets in Asia
Pacific, Eastern Europe and South
America; increasing data center
hosting capacity; integrating and
developing unified communications
capabilities from its recent acquisition
of Interwise; and offering global IP-
based audio-conferencing services.
The carrier said these network
investments will help it continue tocapitalize on the ongoing shift in
network traffic from voice to data,
and IP-based data as customers
migrate from legacy packet networks
to MPLS-based VPNs and managed
applications. AT&T customers can
currently make calls on six continents
and in more than 200 countries, and
access wireless data roaming in more
than 145 countries.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
9/60MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 2
Data
211
Seven out of every eight 3G/
WCDMA operators have launched
HSDPA services according to the
latest figures from the Globalmobile Suppliers Association (GSA).
A total of 211 WCDMA operators
have launched commercial services
in 91 countries, of which 185
operators (87.6 percent) have
also launched HSDPA - High
Speed Downlink Packet Access.
HSDPA mobile broadband services
are now commercially availablein 80 countries. There are 103
commercial HSDPA operators in
Europe, 36 in APAC, 24 in the
Middle East and Africa region, and
22 in the Americas.
154%
According to a recent report
from ComScore, U.S. Internet usage
via mobile broadband increased
154 percent during 2007. The
study looked at data collected from
computers that accessed the Internet
via mobile broadband service
providers. Verizon Wireless and
Sprint Nextel took the lionshare of
the mobile broadband market, while
AT&T recently announced plans
to increase its coverage. The study
found that 59 percent of the trafc
came from work computers while 41
percent came from personal home
computers.
375 million
Research and Markets announced
the addition of 4Q07 Global 3G/4G
Deployments & Subscribers Tracker
to their offering. 4Q07 was a strong
quarter for HSPA deployments, with
8 HSDPA and 9 HSUPA deployments.
More than half of the HSUPA
deployments for the quarter were
in Western Europe, which is no
surprise, given that Western Europe
is a hotbed for WCDMA/HSDPA, and
Western European operators are now
embracing HSUPA to add throughput
on the uplink. There were 6 Mobile
WiMAX deployments, with half of
these occurring in the Latin & South
America geographic segment.
3G/4G subscribers (i.e., those
subscribers to WCDMA/HSPA, EV-
DO, TD-SCDMA, WiMAX, and LTE
networks) grew 91% over the course
of 2007, and a 63% growth rate over
the course of 2008 was expected,
with subscribers expected to rise from
230 million in 2007, to 375 million in
2008.
1 trillion
A new report from Port ioResearch confidently predicts that
the worldwide mobile industry will
be worth USD1 trillion by the close
of 2008.
There are numerous highlights in
the report, which will prove happy
reading for even the most challenged
Mobile Network Operators and the
thousands of companies that support
this still fast growing industry.
Perhaps one of the most re-assuringtrends is the continued growth in
the number of mobile subscribers
worldwide from 3.1 billion at the
end of 2007 to an estimated 5 billion
by 2012. All non-voice Value Added
Services (VAS) continue to grow with
forecasts showing the worldwide
market for non-voice services to be
worth a quarter of a trillion USD by
2012.
China Telecom plans mobile network rollout in 21 provinces
China's largest fixed telecom
service operator China Telecom
is accelerating Wi-Fi deployment
and plans to launch a new round
of bidding for procuring mobile
network equipment in 21 provinces,
Shanghai Securities News reported.
The large-scale deployment
indicates the business focus of China
Telecom is moving to the mobile
network sector, which further
indicates the company may abandon
PHS service in 2009, said an industry
insider.Reports said China Telecom will
take over the CDMA network of
China Unicom in China's telecom
industry reshuffle. After that, it will
transfer its PHS users into CDMA
users smoothly through marketing
tactics, the insider predicted.
T h e s o u r c e a d d e d t h a t
deployment of mobile network
will lift the customer loyalty for
China Telecom, which will sharpen
the competitive edge of its mobile
service.
Google to put down trans-Pacific cable
Web giant Google is headingup a consortium of six international
companies, which this week
forged an agreement to lay a high-
bandwidth subsea fibre optic cable
linking the United States and Japan.
The construction of the trans-
Pacic infrastructure, called Unity, will
cost an estimated USD300 million.
The consortium is a joint effort by
Bharti Airtel, Global Transit, Google,
KDDI Corporation, Pacnet and
SingTel.Unity is expected to address
broadband demand by providing
much needed capacity to sustain
the growth in data traffic between
Asia and the US. The new cable is
expected to initially increase trans-
Pacic lit cable capacity by about 20
percent, with the potential to add up
to 7.68Tbps of bandwidth across the
Pacic.
"The Unity cable system allows
the members of the consortium
to provide the increased capacity
needed as more applications and
services migrate online, giving users
faster and more reliable connectivity,"
said Unity spokeswoman Jayne
Stowell.
According to the TeleGeography
Global Bandwidth Report, 2007,
trans-Pacific bandwidth demand
has grown at a compounded
annual growth rate (CAGR) of 63.7percent between 2002 and 2007.
It is expected to continue to grow
strongly from 2008 to 2013, with
total demand for capacity doubling
roughly every two years.
The 10,000km Unity link will
provide connectivity between
Chikura, located off the coast near
Tokyo, to Los Angeles and other West
Coast network points of presence.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
10/60
GLOBAL DIGEST
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 393
Huawei News
Unveils comprehensive IP Transport Infrastructure for Mobile Evolution at MWC 2008
Barcelona, Spain, 12 February
2008 Huawei has unveiled the
industry's most comprehensive IP
Transport Infrastructure for Mobile
Evolution (IPTime) at the Mobile
World Congress 2008 held in
Barcelona.
Huawei's IPTime is an ALL
IP based transport solution that
creates enhanced broadband
experiences and TCO reductions in
2G/3G mobile networks for carriers.
Huawei also used the event toshowcase key components of the
IPTime Solution, including PTN
series packet transport networks
equipment as well as the SmartAX
series multi-service access modules.
Huawei's IPTime provides GPS-
grade packet clock synchronization,
SDH-like OAM and protection
capabilities, supporting world-
leading end-to-end carrier-grade
performance in packet transport
network. The architecture also
provides PWE3 (Pseudo-Wire
Emulation Edge to Edge) capabilitya n d s u p p o r t s a b u n d a n t o f
interfaces, such as TDM, Ethernet,
microwave, xDSL and xPON,
helping carriers achieve smooth
evolution from 2G to 3G, HSPA or
LTE.
Huawe i has ga ined so l id
technical expertise and extensive
experience in both mobile and
ALL IP broadband networking. The
company's mobile solutions have
been widely deployed in more than
100 countries around the world
and the company has recentlywon 44 new UMTS contracts.
Huawei's mobile NGN/3G bearer
networking products have served
more than 700 million subscribers
and over 90 operators worldwide,
making Huawei the world's largest
provider in the area. According
to the reports published by Ovum
RHK and Gartner in the third
quarter of 2007, Huawei is the
world's fastest-growing equipment
provider in the optical network
market, ranking No. 2 in the global
optical market and No.1 in IPDSLAM shipments.
ALL IP mobile transport solution successfully completes
EANTCs mobile backhaul interoperability tests
Berlin, Germany, 5 February 2008
Huawei has announced that its ALL
IP Mobile Transport Solution has
successfully participated in the mobile
backhaul interoperability tests set by
the European Advanced NetworkingTest Center (EANTC) at EANTC's
laboratory in Berlin, Germany.
Huawei was one of fifteen
vendors to participate in the testing,
co-organized by the EANTC, an
authoritative European testing agency
with the support of the Metro
Ethernet Forum and the IP/MPLS
Forum, which certifies that next-
generation mobile backhaul solutions
using Carrier Ethernet services can
be implemented over diverse fixedand mobile network transport
technologies including MPLS, PBB-TE
and T-MPLS.
In the testing, Huawei's ALL IP
Mobile Transport Solution, including
packet transport network equipment
and multi-service access modules,
successfully interoperated with
equipment from multiple vendors
in the three domains of MPLS, PBB-
TE and T-MPLS and demonstrated
high-precision clock synchronization
technology. The solution also
demonstrated carrier-class reliability
through supporting high-quality
mobile backhaul services.Huawei's ALL IP Mobile Transport
Solution is part of the first public
multi-vendor Mobile Backhaul
Interoperability Demonstration on
show at the MPLS and Ethernet
World Congress in Paris, 5 - 8
February, 2008, and at Mobile World
Congress in Barcelona, 11 - 14
February, 2008.
Becomes China Netcoms largest supplier of optical
access solutions
Shenzhen, China, 7 March 2008
Huawei announced that it is to
supply nearly 40% of China Network
Communications Group's (China
Netcom's) optical access solutions,
making it the operator's largest
partner in the optical eld.
As a partner of the 2008 BeijingOlympic Games, to provide fixed-
line communication services, China
Netcom decided to centralize
the purchase of its optical access
equipment to provide ult ra-
broadband services to end-users.
A dozen suppliers in the industry,
including Huawei, submitted bids.
After rigorous tests, China Netcom
offered Huawei the biggest share
of the work because of
its innovative product
design, cutting-edge
technologies , s table
equipment performance
and rich experience incommercial applications.
Accord ing to the
contract, Huawei will
provide its world-leading
optical access equipment, the
SmartAX MA5600T series, to deliver
the best optical access experience
to China Netcom's broadband users
nationwide. The SmartAX MA5600T
series is the only system in the
industry that enables real blockless
terabit full-optical access. It satisfiescustomer requirements for ultra-wide
bandwidth with a unied full-optical
access platform to access the PON
and P2P traffic, and provides more
choices for the customer to increase
their user-experience, enabling
China Netcom to provide innovative
multi-play services to its subscribers,
including voice, video and data
services.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
11/60MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 4
Demonstrates innovative WiMAX solutions at WiMAX
MEGNA Forum
Dubai, UAE, 13 March 2008 Huawei
announced during the WiMAX
MEGNA Forum that it is rolling out its
new generation WiMAX solution. Thenew technology is an ALL IP solution
that can deploy WiMAX with GSM,
CDMA, UMTS, HSPA, IMS, NGN and
DSL integrated networks, and enables
operators to provide its subscribers
with advanced high-speed mobile
broadband services.
The new WiMAX station applies
the innovative technologies of highly-
efficient power amplifiers, multi-
carrier, distributed architecture and
intelligent temperature controls. Byadopting this solution, operators are
able to save energy, materials, land,
and labor, reduce carbon dioxide
emissions by over 60%, and reduce
at least 30% of the general operation
expenditure. Thus, environmental
protection and economic prots can
be achieved simultaneously.
Becomes global 4th largest patent applican
Shenzhen, China, 21 February2008 According to the World
Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO), Huawei moved up 9 places
to become the 4th largest patent
applicant under the WIPO Patent
Cooperation Treaty (PCT), with
1,365 applications published in
2007, following Matsushita, Philips
Electronics N.V. and Siemens.
The year of 2007 saw a record
number of filings under the WIPOPCT. In total, a record 156,100
applications were filed in the
year, representing a 4.7% rate of
growth over the previous year.
Inventors from the Republic of
Korea (4th place) and China (7th)
consolidated their top ten position
in 2007, along with the US, Japan,
Germany, France, UK, Netherlands,
Switzerland and Sweden.
Launches worlds first 3.5G datacard with mobile TV
functionality
Hannover, 4 March 2008 Huawei
launched the world's rst mobile TV
capable 3.5G datacard, called the
E510, at CEBIT, the world's largestcommunications showcase event
for consumer electronics, held in
Hannover, Germany.
The E510 is a small and slim
2M HSUPA stick equipped with
mobile TV functionality that can
turn a computer into a television
with direct access to a TV signal.
The device integrates mobile TV
and mobile broadband, can be
used for PCs and laptops and is
suitable for both professional andentertainment purposes.
Huawei is widely recognized
for integrating industry-leading
technologies with fashionable,
high-quality industrial design. At
CEBIT, Huawei will showcase its
award-winning products from iF (
International Forum Design ), the
recognized Oscar in the industrial
design community, including the
V720 which features a mirror
design, the E960, an HSDPA
wireless gateway, and the compact
and fashionable E272. In thesecond half of 2007 when "slimmer
and smaller" emerged as a new
trend for terminals, Huawei set the
pace by launching the the E170,
the world's rst HSUPA USB Stick.
Huawei's terminal sales, which
include handsets, datacards, xed
wireless terminals and gateways,
totaled 40 million units in 2007,
and USD2.5 billion in contact sales.
To date, Huawei has captured
signicant market share in mobilebroadband devices, selling a total
of 8 million devices predominantly
to Europe, US and Japan.
Successfully deploys ALL IP CDMA network for Tata Indicom
Shenzhen, China, 20 Feb 2008
Huawei announced that its ALL IP
CDMA solution had been successfully
deployed in the commercial network
of Tata Indicom (TATA) in India. India
is an important strategic market in
the global telecom industry. As India's
leading CDMA operator, TATA is
building a robust, pan-India telecom
network to provide high-quality
and reliable services, and realize its
corporate vision of achieving 100
million subscribers by 2011 in India.TATA selected Huawei's ALL IP-
based CDMA core network solution
and radio access equipment to
was tested during the 2008 New
Year festival when the call traffic
was about 2.5 times the normal in
Delhi. Huawei's robust IP mobile
soft switch, renowned for its high-
capacity reliability, ensured that
TATA met the peak traffic challenge
successfully. The high throughput of
the ALL IP PARC platform allowed the
network to cope easily with heavy
load and delivered a high quality
performance.
replace its existing network in Delhi,
Kolkata and other main cities, thus
enabling its transformation towards
3G technology. Leveraging on its rich
international experience in project
deployment, Huawei successfully
completed this project in six months.
Results from independent third party
audit reveal that the network is one
of the best available. The new end-
to-end ALL IP network architecture
allows TATA to simplify network
operations, improve resourceutilization, and significantly reduce
operating expenditure.
The quality of the network
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
12/60
EXPERTS FORUM
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 395
Mobile backhaullandscape
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Mobile operators are banking on broadband services for continued revenue growth. Mobile
broadband services in turn generate substantially more trafc than voice service and SMS. Since
mobile backhaul is a major component of mobile OPEX, controlling its cost is the key to turning
mobile broadband revenue into prot. Operators and wholesale backhaul providers are employing
several network strategies for doing this, using an array of copper, fiber, and microwave
technologies.
EXPERTS FORUM
By John Lively
Mobile backhaul landscape
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
13/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 6
John Lively, Vice President, Forecasting and Analysis, Ovum-RHK. He leads Ovums coverage and analysis of
mobile backhaul, global CAPEX and vendor intelligence. John is also responsible for overseeing the production of
Ovum-RHKs market forecasts, market share analysis, and market update reports for all xed, mobile, nancial,
and services subscription research.
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Huawei Technologies
Introduction
obile backhaul is a termvery much in the oreronto the telecom equipmentarena in 2007. Many articles
have been written and presentations givenon it, even whole conerences have beendedicated to it. Surely, it must rank amongthe top ten buzz phrases in telecomequipment today. Despite all the publicity,however, what it means and what itrepresents in terms o opportunity are arrom clear.
he term backhaul is perhaps a bit
misleading, to the extent that it impliesa one-way transport o trac, rom a celltower back to the switching oice. Inreality, o course, voice and data trac istwo-way and more or less symmetrical,wh il e ne we r mob il e mu si c an d vi de oservices are more like the wireline Internet,with much higher trac downstream (tothe subscribers handset) than in the otherdirection.
So, exactly what is meant by the termmobile backhaul? Simply put, mobilebackhaul is the transport and aggregation
o mobile trac between various cell sitesand a mobile switching oce.
The mobile operatorsbackhaul challenge
Mobile operators in many parts o theworld are acing the maturation o mobilevoice services. In North America, Europe,the Middle Eastern region, and the
developed countries o Asia and CALA,mobile voice penetration is well in excesso 50 percent, and consequently, subscriber
growth is s lowing and approachingstagnation. At the same time, competitionor subscribers has intensiied, resultingin downward pressure on prices, leadingto a slow decline in voice ARPU in manycountries over the past ew years. hecombination o ewer subscriber additionsand downward price pressure has resultedin the stagnation o mobile voice revenues.
Mobile operators have respondedto voice maturation by launching newservices , with the i r s t being shortmessaging service (SMS), also called text
messaging. With the advent o higher-capacity third-generation (3G) radioaccess technology, operators have launchedadditional services such as music andvideo downloads, streaming news, andsports inormation services. he GSMAssociat ion reports ove r 196 HSDPA-based mobile networks in operationaround the globe, while the CDMADevelopment Group reports that 226operators have deployed or are deployingCDMA2000 1X networks in 97 countries.
Verizons recent results illustrate theimportance o these new services tomobile operators. For the 12-monthperiod ending March 31, 2007, Verizonssubscriber growth was 14 percent, voiceservice revenues grew only 10 percentdue to declining ARPU, and data servicerevenue grew by a whopping 78 percent,resulting in overall services revenue growtho 18 percent. Fig. 1 shows the growingimportance o data revenues to Verizon.Over the past two years, data services have
grown rom 6 percent o sales in 1Q05 to18 percent in 1Q07.
Verizons situation is perhaps better
than that o some other operators sinceit is experiencing continued growth insubscribers. Even so, Fig. 1 clearly showsthe important role that new services playin boosting revenue growth. Fig. 2 shedsmore light on the reason that data servicesare important, using results rom KDDIau, KDDIs mobile communicationsbranch: the ARPU or voice services iseroding while ARPU or data is not.
Te increased revenue rom data servicesdoes not come without added cost, however.he new services create additional traic,
which adds to operational costs . In act,since the new services are broadband, theyhave the potential to generate substantiallymore trac, as shown in Fig. 3.
Qualitatively, the impact o these newmobile broadband standards on mobilebackhaul is clear: backhaul traic willincrease signiicantly. he exact impactdepends on the modulation and encodingused to carry 3G traic over 1/E1 links(QPSK or 16QAM, or example), butestimates o 3G backhaul traic demand
range rom (4 - 8) 1 (or E1) equivalentsper cell site, compared to the 1 or 2 that arerequired to handle voice and SMS trac.
In addition, the trac related to mobilebroadband services will tend to be morebursty than conventional voice and SMStrac, requiring higher levels o peak-to-average provisioning, urther escalatingcapacity requirements. Operators arealready eeling the 3G trac bite in somecases; -Mobiles traic increased by aactor o three in just one month ater it
M
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
14/60
EXPERTS FORUM
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 397
Fig.2 ARPU trends for voice and data ( KDDI au service )
( Source: KDDI annual reports )
Fig.1 Verizons mobile revenue growth
( Source: Verizon Communications )
Data
Voice
1Q05 2Q05 3Q05 4Q05 1Q06 2Q06 3Q06 4Q06 1Q07
Data 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Voice 6.2 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.4
10
8
6
4
2
0
USD billion
Fig.3 3G and 4G standards data rates compared to 2G
( Source: Ovum-RHK )
Mobile backhaul landscape
launched a at-rate HSDPA service.
Major backhaul solutions
Mobile operators today are using similar network strategies
to avoid alling into a broadband services protability trap.
Overlay solution
One o the simplest means o accommodating 3G trac ina mobile backhaul network is via an overlay network. In thisarchitecture, the existing inrastructure or transporting andaggregating voice and 2.5G data is let in place, and a separatenetwork is installed to carry the 3G trac.
he overlay strategy has the advantage o requiring nochange to the existing 2G inrastructure, and hence carries alow risk o network disruption and service outage due to theupgrade. It also allows more relaxed network perormance or
multimedia services, while maintaining higher QoS on low-trac, high-value voice services. Te downside o this approachis its cost and complexity. here are more network elementsand protocols to maintain, and possibly more vendors tomanage, which negates some o the cost savings associated withmoving the 3G trac o the existing DM inrastructure.
Hybrid-channel bonding
In this solution, multiple existing 1/E1 channels are usedtogether to create a higher-capacity transport pipe. It has theadvantage o using standard transport services, while requiringonly small changes in the 2G inrastructure. At the same time,
it allows or lower standards or the 3G trac. Disadvantagesare added complexity (multiple vendors, network elements, andprotocols) and somewhat higher cost.
Hybrid-pseudowire
Pseudowire is, in a sense, the opposite o channel bonding.While in the latter, 3G trac is carried via legacy transport services,pseudowire allows the transport o 2G trac over Ethernet services.In a pseudowire solution, a dedicated box (or board within a largertransport or aggregation element) encapsulates DM and AMtrac within Ethernet. At the other end o the link, the DM andAM trac is split out and reconstituted in native orm, and ed
into existing legacy switching equipment.Pseudowires purported advantages are that it eliminates theneed or DM cross-connects and AM switches in the MSO,and also enables the use o a variety o Ethernet services orbackhaul, including Ethernet over microwave, Ethernet overcopper, Ethernet over ber, Ethernet over DSL, Passive OpticalNetwork (PON), etc. It also provides 1/E1 and Ethernetinteraces to all generations o equipment.
he primary disadvantage is that latency is increasedby about 5 milliseconds, which can aect latency-sensitiveapplications such as game playing and streaming video ormusic.
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0
CNY per month
Voice ARPU
Data ARPU
1Q05 2Q05 3Q05 4Q05 1Q06 2Q06 3Q06 4Q06 1Q07
Voice SMS 3G 4G
Kbps
4G=70 Mbps
3G=2.5 Mbps
Note: Figure shows theoretical maximum data rates.
Actual user rates will be less than ideal.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
15/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 8
Integrated Ethernet
Te integrated Ethernet solution is justthat - the integration o 2G and 3G tracon a single Ethernet service. he BSconnects to the BCS via IP transport only,
and there are no 1/E1s in the backhaulnetwork.
One disadvantage o pure Ethernetbackhaul networks is that GSM andUMS have clocks that need to beupdated via the network. I DM iseliminated, an alternative clocking sourcehas to be provided. CDMA networkstypically embed a GPS receiver in the basestation to enable clock synchronization.
Another drawback o this solution isthat best-eort QoS Ethernet is not good
enough or voice service, and a moreexpensive Carrier Ethernet or equivalentservice would have to be used. Jitter andlatency matter a lot or voice services.
Te conversion o an existing networkto ALL IP backhaul would involvea lot o changes at one time, riskingservice disruptions, requiring trainingin new technologies and methods,and necessitating the evaluation andqualiication o new equipment andpossibly new vendors. For this reason, ALLIP backhaul is likely to appear rst in new
networks being built rom scratch (e.g., indeveloping countries). Among operatorswith existing networks, gradual migrationto ALL IP via some intermediate solutionsuch as hybrid or overlay is most likely.
All o these network strategies supportbusiness goals that are shared by nearly allmobile operators:
Protec t r evenues by min imiz ing downtime (high reliability = morebillable minutes)Maximize subscriber growth via rapid
installation and provisioning o servicesReduce opera t iona l expenses by optimizing the utilization o existingtransport and migrating to convergedALL IP networks over time.
Backhaul equipmentopportunity
Given that the traic carried in themobile backhaul network can include both
Table 1 Pros and cons of various backhaul facilities (Source: Ovum-RHK)
Service Advantages Disadvantages
Ethernet over ber High speed and scalableBTS support, SLA negotiation,limited availability of ber to cellsites, lengthy provisioning time
Ethernet over copperHigh speed and scalable; leveragesexisting copper facilities
Existing copper is controlled mainlyby incumbent operators.
Ethernet over microwave Fast, low-cost installationLine of sight required betweenantennas
DSLFor integrated operators, providessome xed/mobile synergies
Bandwidth-distance trade-off; avail-ability
PONFor integrated operators, providessome xed/mobile synergies
Not widely deployed
Fixed WiMAX(IEEE standard802.16-2004)
Potentially lower operating and rstcost
Immature and not eld proven;spectrum an issue in many places;QoS concerns
VSAT Can be located far from the MSO Higher cost; QoS concerns
standard DM and Ethernet transportand aggregation, the term mobile backhaulequipment covers a very broad range oproducts.
For purposes o describing the mobilebackhaul equipment opportunity orvendors, it is useul to break this marketinto several categories. Some possiblesegmentation schemes are: Networksolutions, Physical media, and Backhaulacilities. Each segmentation scheme bearssome commentary.
Network solutions
Network solutions basically involveDM, Ethernet, channel bonding, andpseudowire. Any given operator willnaturally avour one or the other solutiondepending on the state o its servicesdeployment, its network status, and theavailability o backhaul services rom third-party providers.
Physical media
Physical media are copper, iber,microwave, satellite, and others.
Mobile backhaul transport can takeplace over copper wire, optical ber, or air,and there are numerous considerations oroperators to determine which one to use,including maximum capacity, maximumdistance, rst cost and operational cost, easeo deployment, and competitive actors.
As it turns out, di erent regions othe world typically use dierent types o
backhaul:In North America the majority is copperor ber, because there was little spectrumor mobile backhaul at the time themobile networks were being built.In Europe, the majority o backhaulis microwave, because wireline (E1)services were provided by monopolyPost elegraph and elephone operators(Ps) at high cost in many countries,and wireless spectrum was available.Asia is much the same as Eu rope,
with microwave dominating. Many othe largest Asia mobile operators areintegrated with wireline telcos, e.g.,DoCoMo, K Freetel, KDDI, ChinaMobile (to some extent), and elkomIndonesia/elkomsel.A ri ca ha s a hi gh us e o Very Smal lAperture erminal (VSA), particularlyin more remote areas where individualcell towers are geographically isolated.Estimates are that approximately 60
percent o the worlds base stations are
backhauled with mobile transport o somesort.
Backhaul acilities
As detailed in able 1, there are variousbackhaul acilities including Ethernet overiber, Ethernet over copper, DSL, PON,WiMAX, and each has its advantages anddisadvantages that lead operators to chooseone versus another.
Editor: Zhou Huajiao [email protected]
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
16/60
COVERSTORY
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
SEIZE TODAY
During the past ew years, Vodaone has
been actively transorming its mobile
networks to ALL IP and taking the lead
in the global mobile industry. In the scal
year o 2007, Vodaones revenue was 31.1
billion British pounds, an increase o 6%compared to 2006. As mobile broadband
networking gains popularity, traditional
DM-based transport networks are no
longer keeping pace with Vodaones rapid
development, and ALL IP transormation
o transport networks ranks high on its
agenda. By Zhou Yuchun
COVER STORY
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 399
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
17/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Vodafones splendid transformon transport networks
FOR TOMORROW
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 1
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
18/60
COVERSTORY
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Initiating new strategy
odaone is one o the largest mobileoperators in the world. It conductsbusiness in more than 25 countries andregions on six continents, including
its approximately 3.3% share o China Mobile.Vodaone has 114 million subscribers in Europe and127 million subscribers in Eastern Europe, MiddleEast, Arica, Asia-Pacic region and aliated areas(EMAPA). 3G services are developing quickly andthere are now more than 20 million subscribers,making Vodaone No.1 in major telecom marketsworldwide.
In recent years, the mobile communication
industry environment has dramatically changedas a result o keener competition and strictersupervision. raditional operators are seeking awider business scope, and new Internet operators arelooking or opportunities to squeeze into the mobile
communication sector. Vodaone aces st icompetition rom -Mobile, Orange and othermobile operators, and rom xed network operators,mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs),Internet service providers, and even terminalproviders such as Apple.
o stay abreast o the pack and to become atotal communications provider, Vodaone isimplementing ALL IP and xed-mobile convergence(FMC) in its networks. he core is a MobilePlus strategy to satisy customer requirements ordiversied broadband services other than basic voiceservices.
Vodaone ormulated a new development plan,and began internal restructuring to achieve its goals.
Five core strategic objectives
On May 20, 2006, Vodaone released its planoutlining ve strategic objectives:
Reduce costs and stimulate revenues in Europe.Deliver strong growth in emerging markets.
Innovate and deliver on customers totalcommunications needs. Actively
manage the portolio to maximizereturns. Align capital structure
and shareholder returnspolicy to strategy.
Revenue stimulationand cost reduction in
V
11
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
19/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
To stay abreast of the pack and to become a total
communications provider, Vodafone is implementing ALL IPand FMC in its networks. The core is a Mobile Plus strategy
to satisfy customer requirements for diversied broadband
services other than basic voice services.
Europe was necessary or development in maturemarkets. Te measures taken by Vodaone included:subcontracting services, reducing management costs(downsizing etc.), constructing a network supportmanagement center, integrating regional datacenters, and controlling the use o voice and dataservices.
Vodaone expected to see strong growth inemerging markets, and added a department solelydedicated to market expansion in new regions.
he convergence o mobile, broadband andInternet services had been helping Vodaoneinnovatively deliver on its promise o satisying thetotal communications needs and ever changingrequirements or subscribers. Speciic measuresimplemented were: the establishment o a newdepartment dedicated to developing services orVodaone Home and Vodaone Oice (DSL),
plus developing applications integrating mobile,broadband and Internet services.Active portol io management was to maximize
returns by the disposal o assets that did not bringhigh returns, and investment in services withpotentially high earnings. Speciic measures hadincluded the careul consideration o capital returnbeore acquisitions, and a reduction in the numbero mergers and acquisitions.
Properly aligning capital structure and shareholderreturns depended on dierent developmental stages.In order to ensure nancial balance or mature andgrowing services, 60% prots rom each share was
distributed as dividend in FY 2006, and concertedeorts had been made to regain an A2/Prime-1credit rating.
Internal restructuring
Vodaones uture vision is to build OneV o d a o n e a n d a u t u r e - o r i e n t e d t o t a lcommunications network, but its OPCOs arescattered all over the globe. Vodaone has 18 whollyowned subsidiaries and scores o aliated companies,wi th di er ing st ag es o ne twork deve lo pm en t,and previously each one o them selected its ownsuppliers. As a result, procurement and managementcosts were very high.
Vodaone has restructured the company withthe One Vodaone strategy. It strengthened theprocurement and technology selection managementto reduce costs. An established global supply chainorganization is now responsible or guiding networkdevelopment, selecting short listed technologies,regulating development o network technologies,controlling the number o suppliers through globalbidding and reducing the cost o technologyselection. Te global supply chain organization alsoregulates Opco management and procurement,reducing global network suppliers to a op 30, threeas main partners.
For worldwide service development support,Vodaone utilized the Global Price Book to reduceequipment prices and select strategic suppliers thatcould orm a uniorm value chain or networksolutions, uture development strategy, high qualityservices and even terminals.
In 2003, Vodaone started to seriously considerHuawei, scrutinizing inancial aspects, strategies,
technologies, company management, processmanagement and R&D, nally selecting Huawei asa supplier in 2005 and beginning a close cooperationwith 2G/3G network deployment and terminals inSpain, Iceland, Greece, Hungary and Romania.
1
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
20/60
COVERSTORY
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 3913
Gaining an edge
Promoting mobile broadbandservices
Vodaone was driven by the new strategy andurgently needed a key prot growth point. However,it was diicult to expand the subscriber base indeveloped regions like Europe as mobile penetrationwas high and the market was nearly saturated. hekey to success was to develop high-speed, diversiedand dierentiated mobile broadband services or theexisting subscribers.
Beginning in 2005, Vodaones mobile broadband
services have consistently shown vigorous growth,as seen in able 1. In 2006, Vodaones revenuerom non-voice services jumped to 17% o theservice revenue. In the non-voice services, messageservices were still the main source o revenue, butmobile broadband services developed at a higherrate. In FY2006, revenue rom non-message mobilebroadband services reached 832 million Britishpounds, an increase o 61% rom the previousyear. By March 31, 2006, the subscribers to mobilebroadband services like Vodaone Live!, 3G-basedbroadband services and mobile data card services were27.1 million, 7.7 million and 0.7 million respectively.
Te number o subscribers to mobile broadbandservices will predictably continue to rise in thenear uture, making mobile broadband services animportant strategic sector or Vodaone. Launchingservices such as Blackberry and Push Email has also
Item FY 2006 FY 2005 Growth Rate (%)
Revenue from mobile services 28.137 25.74 9.3
Revenue from voice services 21.493 19.888 8.1
Revenue from non-voice services
Message service
Data service
3.556
0.832
3.143
0.516
13.1
61.2
Ratio of revenue from non-voice serv ices to total serv ice revenue 17.0% 15.5%
Total number of subscribers (million) 176 140 21.8
Vodafone live! devices (million) 27.10 17.40 55.7
3G registered devices (million) 7.70 1.40 450
Mobile data cards registered (million) 0.70 0.20 250
Table 1 Main nancial and operation indexes of Vodafone in FY 2006 ( Unit: billion pounds sterling ) ( Source: Vodafone )
helped to expand original markets.
Deploying HSDPA networks
Vodaone implemented a Mobile Plus strategy
or network transormation to keep pace with theast growth o mobile broadband services, satisy enduser requirements, and improve the access quality oservices.
First, ixed-mobile substitution (FMS) wasimplemented, second, FMS+DSL, and third, theotal Communications Solution. Vodaones HSDPAnetworks have been rapidly deployed. Since the irstHSDPA network was put into commercial use inUK in 2006, Vodaone has deployed 15 commercialHSDPA networks globally, and currently is theindustry leader.
Vodaone Spain is one o the most importantOPCOs o the Vodaone Group. It has 3 million3G subscribers. o provide innovative data services,Vodaone Spain started constructing a HSDPAnetwork in 2006.
Vodaone Spain cooperated with Huawei and usedan innovative new generation green mobile networksolution. he solution eatured eicient poweramplication, multi-carrier, distributed architecture,intelligent temperature control, and a lexible sitescenario model. Considerable amounts o energy,materials, land and manpower were saved, whilereducing carbon dioxide emissions by more than
60%. Te solution helped Vodaone Spain to cut thegeneral operational expenditure (OPEX) by morethan 30%, garner greater proits, and help protectthe environment. According to a Vodaone executive,the solution will have an enormous inluence on
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
21/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 1
the economy and the environment aterit is applied to tens o thousands o basestations.
Te completion o the Vodaone SpainHSDPA network quickly improved thequality o Vodaone Live! and otherservices . In Barcelona, ashionable
youngsters with a Vodaone data card orInternet access and an HSDPA mobilephone in hand, are oten seen enjoyingmobile broadband experiences. In Madrid,Bernabeu ootball ans wont miss a single
play, thanks to Vodaone Live!.Ja ime Bu stil lo, CO o Vod aone
Spain remained a bit concerned despiteo all the good news and remarked,Since the HSDPA network has beendeployed, subscribers to 3G data serviceshave astonishingly increased. Proit is
promising, but we are worried about howto get higher transport bandwidth tosupport the services. Te growth speed otransport bandwidth required by HSDPAbase stations will double in Spain in the
Fig. 1 Considerations for technical development of Vodafones networks in the future ( Source: Vodafone )
Where are we?
Today: Single-Service Vertical Networks
GPRSFixed
NetworkGSM UMTS
Services
Transport, Switching & Access Networks
Tomorrow: Multi-Service Integrated Network
Media Gateway
IP Backbone Network
Conmunication Control
Content Content
Access
Access
uture. With the current price o a leasedline, the growth speed o OPEX will alsodouble, but our growth speed o proitsrom data bandwidth is only one time.Continued development is surely a losingproposition without optimizing ourtransport networks.
he bandwidth expansion causedby HSDPA, especially the maturity andcommercial use o technologies such asHSPA+ and LE, has brought great challengesto Vodaones transport networks.
Jaime Bustillo, CTO of Vodafone Spain remained a bit concerned
despite of all the good news and remarked, the bandwidthexpansion caused by HSDPA, especially the maturity and
commercial use of technologies such as HSPA+ and LTE, has
brought great challenges to Vodafones transport networks.
Where do we want to go?
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
22/60
COVERSTORY
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 3915
Urgent demands forALL IP transport network
Vodaone clearly sees that the rapiddevelopment o mobile broadband servicescorresponds with an explosive increase otransport bandwidth requirements.
he traditional DM-based SDHtransport network is suitable or DMservices. Utilization o the traditionaltransport network bandwidth is nothigh, and the transport eiciency is low
with a growing ratio o data services inthe network. IP transormation o thetransport network is urgently needed toacilitate the rapid development o mobilebroadband services.
Choosing the righttechnology
Vodaone is quite active in varioustechnical orums and standardizationorganizations in the industry. It has also
been engaged or years in the evolutionand veriication o packet transporttechnology through dedicated researchinstitutions. here are three actors thatprompt the decision to construct its
transport network.
TDM transmission is not suitableor IP services
he lightening ast developmento HSDPA has made the bandwidtho base stations increase rom 2MB to8MB/16MB, and the percentage o data
services is ar greater than that o voiceservices, with burst bandwidth eatureso low payload (traic activation rateequaling 15 - 30%). I transport is stillmade through E1s that are suitable orvoice services, eciency is very low, whileadding new ber resources will double thecost o leased lines.
A packet-based transport technology isneeded to enable traditional DM, AMand Ethernet services to access the packettransport media. he technology shouldalso be capable o statistical multiplexing
to improve the transport eciency.
Reducing data service transportcost and ensuring transportquality
here can be multiple methods ordealing with the expansion o bandwidthusage. In a mobile backhaul network, the2G network bandwidth can be reducedthrough Abis optimization. Optimizingidle slots, idle channels and mute ramescan reduce roughly 60% o bandwidthrequirements. However, 2G bandwidthoriginally occupies one E1 only, sooptimization has little eect compared tothe expanded HSPA bandwidth o 4 - 16E1s.
he oload mode can also be usedto distribute base stations services suchas transporting voice services throughmicrowave links while data servicesthrough DSL or low-cost Ethernet leasedlines. his is a good temporary solution,
but DSL and cheap leased lines are notreadily available, oload management iscomplex, and higher quality transportwill be required or multi-play services inthe uture. Tese actors limit applicationpopularization.
Services can be encapsulated intopackets by means o packet transportne t wor k ( P N) and p s eud o - w i r ee m u l a t i o n e d g e - t o - e d g e ( P W E 3 )technology. ransport eiciency can bemuch higher and transport cost muchlower, thanks to the inherent statistical
multiplexing eatures o packets.In a mobile backhaul network, i
iber resources are available in basestations, PN equipment can be used. Iiber resources are not available in base
Vodafone is quite active in various technical forums and
in the industry. It has also been engaged for years in the evolutiontransport technology through dedicated research institutions.
based design of packet transport technologies allows end-to-end
transport networks, satises subscriber requirements for multiple
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
23/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 1
stations, services can be transported through packetmicrowave and air interaces. Adaptive modulationtechnology can then be used or dynamic adjustmento the bandwidth depending on the quality o thetransport environment, providing real-time transporto high priority services.
PN has carrier-class reliability and manageabilityand can ensure that jitter and delay during packettransport meet the requirements o real-timeservices. It also provides hierarchical operations,administration and maintenance (OAM) inormationto make sure that transport bandwidth is manageableand operable.
Protecting investment on existingnetwork
Application o new technologies is a necessity to
reduce long-term investment. Network upgrades,such as making traditional microwave equipmentto provide Ethernet interaces, and enabling NGSDH equipment to provide Ethernet and AMconvergence, are means o protecting investment.Network upgrades a lso cater to bandwidthdistribution with DM/AM granules as themainstay and Ethernet services as a supplement.
Tere is a great deal o microwave and PDH/SDHequipment in the existing networks o Vodaone.When a new generation packet transport networkis deployed, adaptation with the existing networksmust be considered. I no ber network is available,
an ML-PPP-based E1 can be used, or a chSM-1can be adapted into the PDH/SDH microwavelinks, and the new network can interconnect andinterwork with the existing transport network. Auniversal switch can be installed to reuse the already
available SDH interace boards, or SM-N interacescan be used or SDH network compatibility.
he ALL IP-based design o packet transporttechnologies allows end-to-end carrier-classperormance or Vodaones transport networks,satisies subscriber requirements or multiplebroadband services, and helps Vodaone actualizestrategic transormation rom an operator to a totalcommunications provider.
standardization organizations
and verification of packetThey believe that the ALL IP-
carrier-class performance for
broadband services.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
24/60
COVERSTORY
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Choosing the rightconstruction pattern
W h e n c o n r o n t e d w i t h t h e d a u n t i n gtransormation o transport networks, Vodaone
was most concerned with the diculty o managingmultiple Operation Companies (OPCOs), thecomplex network environment, the gray areas otechnical development, and more. Methods ortransormation and implementation would be a greatchallenge. Ater careul consideration, Vodaonedecided to start rom the transport network layers.
Vodaone was hard pressed by the shortage oiber and copper cable resources. It would not bepractical to have ibers quickly extended to basestations within a ew years. Te actual situations odierent OPCOs were also diering, and dierent
steps had to be taken in network transormation. Akey role was to be played by the global supply chainorganization.
Mainstream suppliers such as Huawei werecontacted or almost two years through a dedicatedresearch department. As a result, a plan wasormulated or the development o uture transportnetworks and Vodaone released a ransportEvolution Strategy (ES). he ES made boldintroductions o new transport technologies touniy service bearing, to lower network construction
and maintenance costs, and to enhance transporteciency. Specic measures included:
Backbone
Vodaone planned and constructed its own
large IP/MPLS backbone bearer networks, andtransormed the MPLS backbone bearer networkso the European OPCOs into independent andintegrated MPLS bearer networks. Currently,IP backbone bearer networks have already beenconstructed or the main OPCOs in Europe.
Vodaone also constructed large WDM/ON/ASON transport networks, using IP over WDM/ON, or IP over SDH technologies to realize highbandwidth and give reliable protection to backbonebearer networks.
Huaweis ASON (SDH-based) and WDMequipment was used in the construction o mobilebackbone networks in France, Netherlands,Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, Spain,Portugal, urkey, India, Kenya and anzania.
Backhaul
Vodaone has constructed new mobile backhaulnetworks which could satisy requirements or radioaccess network (RAN) services or the upcoming veyears. he existing DM-based backhaul networkis evolving to ALL IP. Developing toward FMC,a uniorm backhaul network was constructed totransport mobile and broadband services over the
same bearer network. Ater consulting with Huawei,Vodaone nally decided that the mobile backhaulnetwork should be constructed with packet transporttechnology.
Huawei launched a new generation PN solutionbased on extensive transport network research,which can ensure the quality o transport networksand oer good lexibility and ine scalability o IPnetworks. he packet-based solution is compatiblewith service networks and has enhanced transporteatures. It integrates microwave networks, providesend-to-end packet transport, integrates the PN
into the existing networks, and gradually replacesand evolves the traditional DM/AM transportnetworks into ALL IP packet networks.
For base stations lacking optical iber resources,Vodaone reduced transport OPEX by constructingmicrowave networks to satisy requirements or highbandwidth in the IP RAN. Vodaone also introducedDSL networks, developed broadband services ona large scale, and provided base station accesses.During the network construction, a great numbero new generation green base stations rom Huaweiwere used by multiple OPCOs.
17
Seize today for tomorrow
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
25/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Link
Vodaone awarded the OutstandingPerormance Award to Huawei duringits second Global Supplier Conerenceheld on May 16, 2007. Te award showsVodaones high regard or products andservices rom Huawei. Adhering to itscustomer-driven philosophy, Huaweihas delivered prompt and consistent
quality while assuring the excellentnetwork perormance in line withVodaones long-term strategy.
A key a ctor in Voda ones supp lychain strategy is through suppliermanagement, and periodic assessmentis given to all suppliers to continuouslyenhance their delivery capabilities.
As a s t rategic partner , we aredelighted to have been awarded the
Vodaones mobile transport backbonenetwork in Romania is an example withits 3G services currently available in 23big cities. Te DWDM+ASON transportsolution provided by Huawei or both2G and 3G networks transports highbandwidth services and guarantees highreliability on a large mobile network.
he network uses ASON technology todeal with multi-point ailure, completelysolves the problem o requent ber breaks,ensures high reliability o services and
provides a unction o service level agreement(SLA). As a result, Vodaones maintenanceteams have been reduced rom one team per100 km o transport distance to one teamper 300 km, cutting maintenance time rom24 hours per day, 7 days a week to only 8hours per day, 7 days a week.
he network a lso uses Huawei spatented SuperWDM technology that
Seize today for tomorrow
1
Editor: Xue [email protected]
enables the transportation o 5000kmultra-long distance without regenerators.he project provides large-capacity andultra-long-distance transport while cuttingout 9 optical amplication units to urtherreduce DWDM network construction andmaintenance costs.
I n m o b i l e b a c k h a u l n e t w o r k s ,Vodaones OPCOs in Spain and Italy arestarting to use PN technology.
PN technology inherits the exibilityo IP technology, and encapsulates multiple
DM, FR, AM and Ethernet servicesthrough PWE3 technology, ensuringsupport or traditional mobile-serviceinteraces during transormation to ALLIP. Based on centralized packet switchingtechnology, it is capable o convergingservices, greatly enhancing transporteiciency while saving money. PN is acarrier-class IP transport solution, allowing
eicient and reliable service transportwhile overcoming the weaknesses o IPtechnology in reliability, manageabilityand network synchronization.
A n d y J o n e s , o r m e r h e a d o ransmis s ion & Inter connec t iv i t y in Vodaone and a key person in thetransormation o transport networkssaid, Ater two years o research andverication, Vodaone is now clear aboutits uture transport network development.It is expected that the transormation canbe implemented in the middle o 2008.With good compatibility and scalability,the new network will eectively supportthe HSDPA services that Vodaone willlaunch on a large scale, and will evolveto LE in the coming years, to achieve
Vodaones objective o being a totalcommunications provider.
Vodaone has seize d the his tor icopportunity brought about by mobilebroadband and the ALL IP transormationo transport networks, giving themthe competitive edge over the sharpcompetition.
Huaweis Outstanding Performance Award
Outs tand ing Per ormance Awardby Vodaone. he award recognizesHuaweis commitment to providingindustry-leading products, solutions andrapid response as well as outstandingdelivery, said Mr. William Xu, Presidento Huawei Europe. Huawei is ocusedon customer-oriented innovation to
create solutions, products and servicesthat provide long-term value or ourcustomers to help them realize theirpotential.
H u a w e i r e c e i v e d t h i s a w a r do r c on s i s t en t l y show ing a d eepunderstanding o our business needs,said Detle Schultz, Vodaones GlobalSupply Chain Management Director.he award also recognizes Huaweis
determination to help Vodaone achieveits strategic objectives.
Huawei has a global rame agreementwith Vodaone, delivering high qualityproducts and services to Vodaoneincluding network equipment andhandsets.
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
26/60
MAINTOPIC
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Its
MAIN TOPIC
19 MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Booming mobile broadband services and
rapidly evolving mobile network technologies
have pushed mobile networks into an ALL IP
era. Traditional transport networks that TDM
services are struggling to keep pace with the
new trend of moving to ALL IP.
By Li Hongsong
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
27/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
ALL IP trend for mobiletransport
P-based mobile transport networks irstappeared in backbone bearer networks. IP/
MPLS (multi-protocol label switching) routersover the wave division multiplexing (WDM)system eiciently bear mobile sotswitch services.China Mobile, B, Vodaone, and Etisalat, have allseen greater prots and consumer satisaction aterbuilding IP backbone bearer networks.
Mobile base stations are gradually adopting ALLIP technology and the air interace rate has beenincreasing rapidly, or example, rom 144Kbps inGPRS to 14.4Mbps in HSPA, and to 100Mbps inLong-erm Evolution (LE). As a result, transportbandwidth required by mobile backhaul networkshas been booming. Te orecast or 2010 is that the
growth o data services will quadruple the demandson mobile backhaul bandwidth. In this scenario, anIP-based mobile backhaul is inevitable or uturemobile transport networks.
Desired features
o improve transport eiciency and reducetransport costs, an IP mobile transport network hasto satisy the ollowing requirements.
ALL IP architecture: Packet requirements otransport networks can be mostly attributed to the
rapid growth o data services that have uncertain andunexpected traic. he transport network shouldbe designed and deployed on the basis o a pureIP-based kernel to guarantee the highest level oeciency.
Multi-service transport capability: Recentdevelopments have shown that a uniied transportnetwork must adapt to various mobile networkt e c hno log i e s , i n c lud ing GSM , WCD M A,CDMA2000, WiMAX, HSPA+ and LE. hetransport network should be able to transportservices o multi-mode radio access networks (RANs)in a unied way.
raditional 2G networks are based on timedivision multiplexing (DM); 3G R99/R4 networkadopts the asynchronous transer mode (AM)protocol; 3G/WiMAX/LE networks evolve intoALL IP. During the evolution o mobile networks,services based on DM, AM and packet will co-exist in the same network or a long time.
Te transport network should be able to supportuniied transport o multiple services, includingDM, AM and Ethernet services. his can berealized with the pseudo-wire emulation edge-to-
edge (PWE3) technology.Multi-scenarioaccessandnetworkingcapability:
As dierent access resources are allocated to dierentbase stations, no single access technology can caterto all requirements. Base stations in Asia-Paciiclike China have relatively rich optical iber access
resources. In Europe, the microwave access mode ismostly adopted, plus there are some leased lines andsmall quantity o twisted pair cables.
When a mobile network is extended rom widecoverage to indoor microcells and hotspot accesspoints (APs), the transport network must providecustomized multi-scenario access and networkingcapabilities. he network has to support multiplecombined access technologies involving opticalbers, microwave and copper cables.
Precise IP clock transer capability: Clocksynchronization is a key demand or mobile networks.raditional transport networks transer clocksthrough SDH and the global positioning system(GPS). ALL IP transport networks need precise clocksynchronization capabilities to handle mobile serviceroaming and handover.
High reliability: 3G services include data andvoice services, which place dierent requirements onnetwork reliability. ransport networks must oercarrier-class protection on services. By using the QoSstrategy and the network protection mechanism,transport networks can oer dierentiated services toreliably handle voice, video and data services.
Excellent scalability: As data services develop
quickly, mobile data services and mobile traicwill boom. ransport networks should have inelexibility and scalability regarding interace types,transport bandwidth, and network scale.
End-to-end management capability: heprovision o mobile 3G services and wide networkcoverage will drive transport network evolutioninto multi-service bearer networks. End-to-endmanagement capability can eiciently decreasenetwork operations and maintenance costs.
Huawei sets IPTime
At the Mobile World Congress (3GSM) Barcelona2008, Huawei ormally released the IP ransportInrastructure or Mobile Evolution (IPime), anALL IP-based car rie r-c lass IP transport networksolution.
A media report commented that Huaweis newsolution embodied the development o transportnetworks into the ALL IP era, as mobile networkshave been evolving to ALL IP. Te IPime solutionhas the ollowing eatures:
Multi-service transport and multi-scenario
I
2
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
28/60
MAINTOPIC
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Its IPTime!
21
access. he IPime solution is based on the ALLIP architecture and helps operators in constructingALL IP networks, which are uture-oriented strategicinvestments.
Based on the PWE3 technology, IPime is ableto transport various types o services and provide
interace diversity such as DM, Ethernet, xDSL(digital subscriber line), xPON (passive opticalnetwork) and microwave. IPime helps operators tosmoothly evolve rom 2G networks to 3G networks,then to 4G networks. It supports access-layertransmission media like optical iber, microwaveand copper cable, as well as access requirementsin various complicated scenarios. It also supportsexible transport in case o deep coverage by mobilenetworks.
Unique IP clock transport with GPS-likeprecision. IPime oers IP clock transport schemesor ALL IP mobile networks. It adopts packet overSDH (POS) interace timing, synchronous Ethernetand IEEE 1588v2 to meet the synchronizationrequirements o GSM, WCDMA, WiMAX, CDMA,and uture 4G networks.
High reliability and strong manageability.IPime enables transport networks to oer end-to-end, dierentiated QoS, operations, administrationand maintenance (OAM) capabilities to meet dierentneeds rom base station access to the core convergencepoint. It supports complicated networking like star,link, ring and mesh, and enables carrier-class protectionswitching in the whole network within 50ms. It also
supports uniied network management to simpliynetwork operation and maintenance or a signicantimprovement in the operators core competitiveness.
Smooth evolution o existing transportnetworks. IPime adopts SDH-like management
and maintenance mechanism, oers ports that arecompatible with existing transport network, andsupports smooth evolution o existing networks toALL IP transport networks.
Adding real benefitsHuaweis IPime ALL IP transport network solution
embraces the idea o proper management now willguarantee a bright uture, which enables operators winbig in the transormation towards ALL IP.
Simplied architecture
In a backbone bearer network, IPime adopts theIP over ON/WDM scheme, and decreases networkcosts by 30 percent. It introduces the recongurableoptical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) technologyto the traditional WDM system and changes thepoint-to-point WDM system into a network that canenable cross-connect dispatching o wavelength. Inaddition, the IPime enables intelligent dispatchingo various service granules by introducing ON. Tebackbone bearer network can provide complete OAMunctions and ault location. Routers and the ON/WDM layer adopt uni ied general mult i-protocollabel switching (GMPLS) control plane to enableinteractions between the IP layer and the optical layer.
In mobile backhaul, the IPime solutionmakes use o the PWE3 technology to allow IPtransport o DM, AM and Ethernet trac. Te
unied transport network leads to simpler networkarchitecture, more convenient maintenance, andlower costs.
he IPime solution implements end-to-enduniied network management rom the mobile
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
29/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39 2FEB 2008 . ISSUE 38
backhaul to the backbone bearer network.he ALL IP transport network canoer higher transport eiciency, moreconvenient operations and maintenance,and aster deployment o new services.
Enhanced reliability
Te backbone bearer network providesend-to-end protection on the IP layerthrough various protection technologies,including MPLS trac engineering (MPLSE), MPLS OAM, virtual private networkast reroute (VPN FRR), and virtualrouter redundancy protocol (VRRP).In the optical layer, the ON/ROADMtechnology enables protection on WDMsubnets and cross-connect dispatching oservices throughout the entire network.he advanced technologies guaranteecarrier-class protection switching within50ms in all network layers and meet therequirements o mobile IP networks. Tey
also improve the reliability o the IP-basedtransport network to 99.999%.
China Mobiles carrier-class backbonebearer network was built by Huawei andis one o the largest mobile backbonebearer networks in the world. Te networkhas successully handled hundreds oexponential rises in trac volume over thepast three years. Other mobile backbonebearer networks constructed by Huaweisuch as Vodaone and Etisalat, have alsobeen running smoothly or over two years,proving that the IPime transport networksolution can ully meet the requirementso mobile backbone bearer networks.
In mobile backhaul, Huawei providesa complete series o carrier-class packettransport network (PN) platorms basedon ALL IP kernels. Oering carrier-classtransport perormance and diversiiedinteraces, these platorms support uniedtransport o traditional 2G services, 3Gservices, and uture 4G mobile broadbandservices. hey also support provider
backbone transport (PB), transportMPLS (MPLS), and layer-2 (L2) MPLStechnologies. he platorms support theclock synchronization in various modes omobile networks by using high-precisionpacket clock transport technologiesl ike adapt ive c lock recovery, c locksynchronization over Ethernet, and clockover IP based on IEEE 1588v2. Te two-layer, multi-mode carrier-class transportplatorm can transport comprehensiveservices in a highly eicient and reliableway and support mobile networks in ALLIP evolution.
Smooth network evolution
Access resources can be obtained bydierent types o base stations in mobilebackhaul. Huaweis IPime solution oersvarious access modes. Te solution adoptsSDH-like management and maintenanceas well as NG-SDH-compatible ports.
Tese measures ensure minimal impact onthe existing transport network during thenetworks evolution to PN. Te existingmanagement and maintenance mode canbe inherited, and existing service interaceboards can be reused.
Optical ber-based mobile backhaul:he IPime solution provides variousoptical ber access modes, including MANEthernet and PON. he MAN Ethernetbased on optical ibers is a multi-modePN transport platorm with an IP kerneland provides the transport network withne OAM and protection unctions.
Te transport network can signicantlylower network evolution costs by inheritingthe OAM eatures o a traditional SDHsystem and by reusing the interace boardso traditional SDH networks. he PONeectively improves the utilization o opticaliber resources. he WDM-PON, whichintegrates WDM and PON technologies,can provide bigger transport capacity andbetter networking capabilities.
Microwave-based mobile backhaul:IPime provides pure packet microwaveand integrates with the PN or smoothmobile network evolution.
Microwave transport is also movingtoward ALL IP as base stations developtowards ALL IP, due to the increase obandwidth demands. here are threescenarios:
First, i base stations are partially IP-based, microwave equipment supportingboth IP access and E1 access should beadopted or combined transport.
Second, i interaces o base stations aremainly inverse multiplexing over AM(IMA) E1, the microwave equipmentsupporting large-capacity E1 interaces canbe adopted. PN equipment can be usedat convergence points to enable serviceconvergence and packet transport.
hird, i base stations are ALL IP-based, the packet microwave equipment
supporting sel-adaptive modulation andcoding o air interaces can be adoptedor packet transport. Packet microwaveequipment can be integrated with the PNto decrease operation and maintenancecosts o the transport network, andHuawei is ully able to realize microwavetransport networking.
Copper cable-based mobile backhaul:Huaweis IPime solution provides richxDSL access modes. At present, basestations mainly adopt the single-pair high-speed DSL (SHDSL) leased lines or
service access. As the demands or mobilebandwidth increase, the ofoad mode canbe used to separate voice and data servicesin base stations. Voice and signalingservices requiring high QoS can betransported through high-quality E1 lines,and Abis/lub compression technology canbe used to save leased lines. Data servicescan then be transported through leasedxDSLs.
Huaweis IPTime ALL IP transport network solution embraces the idea of
proper management now will guarantee a bright future, which enables
operators win big in the transformation towards ALL IP.
Editor: Liu Zhonglin [email protected]
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
30/60
MAINTOPIC
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
Mobile broadbandtriggers transportnetwork transformation
obile V, mobile video ads,
mobile search In the pastdecades, the potentialityo these unctions never
occurred even to the grandees who couldaord a cell phone. hey would
neither have imaginedthat a cellphone
could be so light and smart, nor couldthey picture themselves enjoying a rangeo amazing unctions other than makingphone calls on the move. oday, not onlyare mobile phones commonplace, butusers are increasingly amiliar with web
surng, cyber payments and online gamingthrough cell phones. On a global scale,mobile operators are striving to popularizemobile broadband services, the ARPUcontributions rom which are steadilyrising. In Europe, or instance, the incomederived rom broadband mobile servicesorms over 20% o total revenue, while itexceeds 30% in Japan and Korea.
Te uture mobile communicationsmarket wi l l p ro v id e
t r a d i t i o n a lvoice
services as a basic communication toolsubsumed within the expectation thatintegrated, convergent, and broadbandserv ices wi l l emerge a s dominant .Moreover, one o the evolutionary goalsor mobile networks is convergence
with the Internet . No doubt, the rap iddevelopment o mobile broadband serviceswill impose new demands on base stationsair interace and backhaul technologies,which will then trigger transport networktransormation.
IP and compatibility arethe key factors
h e d e v e l o p m e n t o m o b i l ec o m m u n i c a t i o n s t e c h n o l o g i e s i s
represented by high-speed packet access(HSPA), WiMAX, and Long-erm
Evolution (LE) systems.In HSPA mobile
s y s t e m ,
By Li Hongsong & Chen Zhidan
M
23
MAIN TOPIC
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
7/30/2019 Its IPTime
31/60
Huawei Technologies
MAR 2008 . ISSUE 39
or example, a WCDMA network canevolve into HSDPA, HSxPA, eHSPA, orLE, and the air interace bandwidth willbe expanded rom 384Kb/s respectively to14.4Mb/s downlink + 5.76Mb/s uplink,25Mb/s downlink + 12.5Mb/s uplink, or
100Mb/s downlink + 50Mb/s uplink.he major requirement or mobile
backhaul is supporting cost eective,high-bandwidth transport via dierentt anspor t modes . High bandwidthnecessitates that mobile backhaul evolvestowards broadband transport to meetexplosively increasing bandwidth needsstimulated by the rapid emergence andgrowth o mobile broadband services.IP technology orms the best methodo achieving an eective and low costsystem. When applied to IP technology,statistical multiplexing and bandwidthcompres s ion y i e ld h igh t r anspor teiciency at a low cost. Additionalcarrier-class eatures are also required byIP-based mobile backhaul including highreliability, eective manageability andprecise clock transer mechanisms.
It is well-known that a backhaulne t wor k may c on s i s t o
multiple transportmodes such
as
evolution and thus minimize the impacton current services and investment.
Smooth evolution ofvarious transport modes
he evolution o mobile backhaulinvolves three stages in line with mobilebroadband development: start-up, growth,and maturity. In the start-up stage veryew broadband base stations are deployedand ew FE interaces emerge in mobilenetworks. hereore, the bandwidthpressure placed on mobile backhaul isrelatively low. he growth stage sees anincrease in the number o broadband basestation