(it’s NOT just “breathing”. It is also the by our

cells!)

•it allows exchange of outside air and our circulatory system (blood transport)

2

Definition-

release of energy

the exchange of CO2 and O2 AND it’s also

the production of energy (ATP)

Occurs in all cells of all organisms

ATP is the molecule all life uses for energy

No organism can get energy from sunlight or sugar without putting the energy into ATP.

Oxygen + food ATP (energy) + carbon dioxide + water

O2 + glucose ATP + CO2 + H2O

FORMULA MEANING: The body takes in O2 and food (glucose) to produce ATP (energy). The body then gives off CO2 and H2O as waste

The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM must work with the SYSTEM so that the oxygen can be

(Reactants) (Products)

4

CIRCULATORY

transported to cells and CO2 can be taken away from cells!

Aerobic Anaerobicvs.

Uses oxygen to release energy from food(36 ATP)

Ex. Fish, humans, dogs

Ex. Yeast, bacteria, human muscle

Does not use oxygen to release energy (2 ATP);

AKA fermentation, lactic acid production

6

uses O 2

Used by most organisms Occurs in the mitochondria Breakdown of glucose Is efficient (makes more ATP

per glucose)

8

Remember they are the “powerhouse” •In the mitochondria of ALL plant & animal cells

of the cell!

Absence of O 2

Used by some simple organisms (yeast and bacteria)

Occurs in the cytoplasm Partial breakdown of glucose Less efficient (less ATP)

Depending on what type of organism you are, you create different products after respiring in the absence of oxygen. If you are a:

Human cell,you produce (makes

your muscles burn)

bacteria cell used in making cheese & yogurt,

yeast cell used in baking and brewing,

ATP and CO2 and H2O

2 ATP and CO2 and alcohol

glucose lactic acid + 2ATP

glucose CO2 +H2O+ 2ATP

glucose alcohol + CO2+ 2ATP

2 ATP and lactic acid

you produce

you produce

Cristae in mitochondria provide a large surface area for the series of reactions that occur during aerobic respiration

Anaerobic Phase”- glycolysis(break down of glucose) occurs in the

cytoplasm Aerobic Phase”- occurs in the

mitochondria End Products: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

end products: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2+H2O + 36 ATP

(aerobic)

C6H12O6 lactic acid + 2ATP

(anaerobic } humans and bacteria)

C6H12O6 ethyl alcohol + CO2 + 2 ATP

(anaerobic } bacteria and yeast)

Obtaining & processing materials needed for energy, growth, repair, and regulation

2 types:› Autotrophic-› Heterotrophic-

makes own food

takes in preformed organic compounds

Ability of most plants and some monerans and protists (algae) to manufacture organic compounds from inorganic raw materials

Photosynthesis- capturing and transforming energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Light energy Glucose(sun) (Chemical energy)

Small molecules of glucose are synthesized into large starch molecules.

1.Temperature 2.PH3.CO2 & water level

4.Light availability

Chlorophyll absorbs and and reflects

“Plants are Patriotic.”

red

blue green

(that’s why we see the green in plants).

Veins (Fibrovascular bundle)› Transport materials through leaf› Xylem transports› Phloem transports

Guard Cells -regulate the opening and closing of stomates (openings for passage of gases and water)

water

food/glucose

When filled with water = When water lost =

Life Function= Controls water and gases enter and exit in the

leaf

open

closed

regulation

..\biomovies\stomates.mov

Inorganic Organic Light Energy Chemical Energy Reactants Products

Equation

6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

Photosynthesis (light!)

Respiration 36 ATP

Respiration and Photosynthesis are opposite processes.