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ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries , Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 R. Passerini, ITU-BDT ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries (Africa Region) Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 Riccardo Passerini Riccardo Passerini Focal Point IMT Focal Point IMT-2000 2000, ITU , ITU-BDT BDT Mobile Communications: present situation and future development
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ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New RadiocommunicationTechnologies for ICT in Developing Countries

(Africa Region)Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004

Riccardo PasseriniRiccardo PasseriniFocal Point IMTFocal Point IMT--20002000, ITU, ITU--BDTBDT

Mobile Communications: present situation and future development

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

The growth of mobile cellular services

1993-1999 actual, with forecasts to 2003.

0

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Mobile Users

Fixed Lines

Fixed Lines vs. Mobile Users, worldwide, Million

6%9% 13%

20%27%

38%

52%

67%82% 95%

107%

0

50

100

150

200

250

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Mobile users added each year, Million

Mobile users as a % of fixed

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database and ITU forecasts in Trends inTelecommunications Reform, 2000 -2001: Interconnection Regulation .

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

The growth of mobile cellular services

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Trends – Mobile Growth (worldwide)

Cellular Subscribers (millions)

Source: ITU Indicators

Number of mobile subscribers already greater than fixed

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1995 1998 2000 2001 2002 2006 2010

WorldAmericasAsia&PacificEurope&Africa

Ovun

UMTS Forum

ITU

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Growth of mobile

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Figure.1: Forecasted Adoption of GSM Mobile Phones in Western Europe and the World

1412.11286.7

1144.7

910.2

666.2

455.1

258138.4

71.1

696.6659.4

596.2492.9

365.1256.4

156.987.346.90

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Dec 97 Dec 98 Dec 99 Dec 00 Dec 01 Dec 02 Dec 03 Dec 04 Dec 05

Su

bsc

rib

ers

(mill

ion

s)

Worldwide Total GSM Subscribers Western Europe GSM Subscribers

Estimates

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

World GSM Cellular Subscribers to June 2001

Ireland

Luxembourg

Netherlands

PortugalGermany

Greece

Italy

Spain

Sweden

UKAustria

Denmark

Finland

France

USA/Canada Americas

Europe - Non EU

Asia Pacific

Middle East

Africa

EU

-

Source: http://www.gsmworld.com

Belgium

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Trends – Mobile Growth (Africa)-1

Cellular Subscribers (x1000)

Source: ITU Indicators

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Côte d'IvoireAngolaBeninBurkina F.BurundiCameroonD.R. CongoEq.GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaKenyaLesothoMadagascarMalawiMaliMozambiqueNigeriaSenegalSudanTanzania

Côte d’Ivoire

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Trends – Mobile Growth (Africa)-2

Cellular Subscribers (x1000)

Source: ITU Indicators

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Côte d'IvoireAngolaBeninBurkina F.BurundiCameroonD.R. CongoEq.GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaKenyaLesothoMadagascarMalawiMaliMozambiqueNigeriaSenegalSudanTanzaniaS. Africa

South Africa

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Uganda mini case study

0

20'000

40'000

60'000

80'000

100'000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Subscribers to communication services, Uganda

Fixed line voice

Mobile

Internet

17.0%

24.2%

21.7%

24.2%

12.8%

Ugandan calling opportunities, Dec. 99

Fixed-to-fixed

Fixed-to-mobile

Mobile-to-fixed

Mobile-to-mobile withinterconnect

Mobile-to-mobile without

interconnect

Note: Mobile-to-mobile without interconnect denotes mobile calls terminated on the same mobile network.Source: ITU, Uganda Internet Case Study, available at: http://www.itu.int/interconnect/case_studies.html

Mobile lines overtakes fixed lines in Uganda

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Growth of Moroccan mobile subscribers

Number of mobile subscribers

0

500 000

1 000 000

1 500 000

2 000 000

2 500 000

Actual 1996 forecasts 1999 forecasts

2000 2001

2002

2003

2004

1998

Sept 99

Sept 2000

Source: ITU Effective Regulation: Moroccan Case Study.

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

CPP vs. RPP

0

500

1'000

1'500

2'000

2'500

3'000

3'500

4'000

4'500

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Main lines

Mobi le subscr ibers

M e x i c o , f ixed & mobi le users added each year , 000s

Pre-paid introduced

CPP introduced

89

7383

94

Outgoing mobile traffic Incoming mobile traffic

Before CPP Mar-99After CPP Dec-99

Minutes of use per subscriber,before and after CPP

The impact of CPP introduction in Mexico

Source: ITU Trends in Telecommunications Reform 2000-2001

•RPP: Receiving Party Pays

Mobile party pays for incoming calls and fixed party pays only local tariff

•Calling Party Pays

Mobile party does not pay for incoming calls and fixed party pays a premium to call the mobile party

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Figure 1: Top Mobile Economies (2000, millions)

23.2

24.7

26.8

29.1

40

42.2

48.1

66.8

85.3

110

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Brazil

Spain

Korea (Rep. Of)

France

United Kingdom

Italy

Germany

Japan

China

United States

# of Subscribers

Source: International Telecommunication Union

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Fixed

Mobile

Fixed Internet

Mobile Internet

0

150

300

450

600

750

900

1050

1200

1350

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

(Mill

ion

s)

Minutemigration

Subscriber Growth

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Calling opportunities worldwideCalling opportunities worldwide

89.7%

5.0%5.0%0.3%

1993

52.7%

19.9%

19.9%

7.5% 1998

23.4%

25.0%25.0%

26.7%

2003

Fixed-to-fixed

Fixed-to-mobile

Mobile-to-fixed

Mobile-to-mobile

Source: ITU Fixed-Mobile Interconnect website: http://www.itu.int/interconnect

Fixed-to-fixed

Fixed-to-fixed

Fixed-to-mobile

Mobile-to-fixed

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Digital divide = Telecoms divideUser distribution, by income group, Jan 2000

Internet users Mobile users Telephone lines Population

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%

70%80%90%

100%High income

Upper-mid income

Lower-mid income

Low income

280 million

490 million

912 million 6 billion

82 %69 %

58 %

15 %

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.

Digital divide reflected in the Digital divide reflected in the TelecomsTelecoms dividedivideUser distribution, by income group, Jan 2003User distribution, by income group, Jan 2003

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Internet users Mobile users Telephone lines Population

High income

Upper-mid income

Lower-mid income

Low income

69%

55%

623 M

52%

1.163 B

16%

1.092 B 6.092 B

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

The digital divide is shrinking, but also shifting

Share of low and lower-middle income countries in:

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.

18%Jan. 1995 Jan. 2000

28%

5% 14%

1.1% 7.6%

Telephone main lines

Mobile subscribers

Estimated Internet Users

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.

The digital divide in January 2003The digital divide in January 2003

Internet users24%

76%

Telephone lines

58%

42%

Mobile users

36%

64%

Upper-mid income + High income

Low income + Lower-mid income

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Mobile Technology Split (%)

99,6%98,7%96,9%

92,8%

0,3%1,5%

4,8%

13,3%

27,4%

48,0%

69,1%

84,6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

3G Subs 2G Subs

Mobile Technology Split (%)

99,6%98,7%96,9%

92,8%

0,3%1,5%

4,8%

13,3%

27,4%

48,0%

69,1%

84,6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

3G Subs 2G SubsSource: ITU Draft Guidelines on Smooth Transition to 3G

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

14.10015.009 15.555 15.928

8.8549.819

10.59311.200

11.54611.102

9.752

480200 70

34 172 5821.702

3.682

6.714

9.979

12.554

4.469

2.294

1.092

7.264

15.193 15.489 15.755 15.998

8.854

9.81910.627

11.37212.128

12.80413.433

13.97814.448

14.848

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

3G Subs 2G Subs

Mobile Subscribers (000)

14.10015.009 15.555 15.928

8.8549.819

10.59311.200

11.54611.102

9.752

480200 70

34 172 5821.702

3.682

6.714

9.979

12.554

4.469

2.294

1.092

7.264

15.193 15.489 15.755 15.998

8.854

9.81910.627

11.37212.128

12.80413.433

13.97814.448

14.848

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

3G Subs 2G Subs

Mobile Subscribers (000)

Source: ITU Draft Guidelines on Smooth Transition to 3G

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Convergence

Computer & Data

ConsumerElectronics

Entertainment& Publishing

BusinessMultimedia

Information

Gadgets

Telecom

Home

Multimed

ia

Informatio

n &

Work Support

?

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Convergence

•The coming together of telecommunications, computing and broadcasting into information and communications technologies (ICT)•Within telecom the convergence of voice and data and fixed and mobile services•ICT uses same:

–Technology used to code voice, data and video–Carrier for voice, data and video

•Expands the range and quality of services•Requires broadband technologies•Encourages the use of a single communications regulator

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

The emergence of the ‘networked’ society’

We are at the outset of a truly remarkable revolution where • Anything that can be connected will be!• Anything that can be digital will be!• Anything that can become mobile will become!

IndustrialRevolution

InformationSociety

The ‘Networked’

Society

Dismantling of traditional industry structures, disaggregation of traditional business models,

a wealth of opportunities and considerable threaths

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU Structure

3 sectors:• Radiocommunicati

on• Telecommunication

Standardization• Telecommunication

Development

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU Sector Roles and Mission

• ITU-R: management of radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits

• ITU-T: standards covering all fields of telecommunications

• ITU-D: facilitate connectivity and access, foster policy, regulatory and network readiness, and expand human capacity through training programs, formulate financing strategies and e-enable enterprises in developing countries

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

World RadiocommunicationConference (WRC)

• Held every ~2-3 years; WRC-03: June 2003, Geneva

• Role: review and revise the Radio Regulations– international treaty on use of

the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits

– determine Questions for study by the RA and SGs

Additional details available in handouts and on ITU web site

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Radiocommunication Assembly (RA)

• Meets every ~2-3 years; may be with a WRC– RA-03: June 2003, Geneva

• RAs: work priorities, urgency and time-frames

• Approve ITU-R Recommendations, technical studies in support of regulatory work of WRCs

Additional details available in handouts and on ITU web site

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Radio Regulations Board (RRB)

• approves Rules of Procedure for applying Radio Regulations and registering frequency assignments made by Member States

Additional details available in handouts and on ITU web site

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU-R Structure - Study Groups1 Spectrum Management3 Radiowave Propagation4 Fixed Satellite Service6 Broadcasting Services7 Science Services8 Mobile, Radiodetermination,

Amateur and related Satellite Services

9 Fixed ServiceSC Special Committee on

Regulatory/Procedural MattersCCV Coor. Committee for VocabularyCPM Conference Preparatory Meeting

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU Sector Roles and Mission• ITU-R: management of radio-frequency spectrum

and satellite orbits• ITU-T: standards covering all fields of

telecommunications• ITU-D: facilitate connectivity and access, foster

policy, regulatory and network readiness, and expand human capacity through training programs, formulate financing strategies and e-enable enterprises in developing countries

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA)

• normally held every 4 years; WTSA-2000 in Montreal, WTSA-2004 to be in Florianopolis, Brazil

• approves ITU-T work program• determines priorities, urgency and time-frame for

completion of standards work• approves ITU-T Recommendations• considers reports of study groups and TSAG• decides on structure of study groups, allocation of

Questions

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Extensive Work Program -Major topics by Study Group

2 Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance3 Tariff and accounting principles including related

telecommunications economic and policy issues4 Telecommunication management, including TMN5 Protection against electromagnetic environment effects6 Outside plant9 Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound

transmission11 Signalling requirements and protocols12 End-to-end transmission performance of networks and terminals13 Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking15 Optical and other transport networks16 Multimedia services, systems and terminals17 Data Networks and Telecommunication SoftwareSSG "IMT-2000 and Beyond”

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU Sector Roles and Mission

• ITU-R: management of radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits

• ITU-T: standards covering all fields of telecommunications

• ITU-D: facilitate connectivity and access, foster policy, regulatory and network readiness, and expand human capacity through training programs, formulate financing strategies and e-enable enterprises in developing countries

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC)

• normally held every four years: WTDC 2002 in Istanbul, next WTDC in 2006

• fix objectives and strategies for worldwide and regional development of telecommunications– priority to expansion and modernization of networks and

mobilization of resources to boost telecommunication penetration and access in the world's poorer countries.

• review progress made in telecommunication development in developing countries

• promote the international cooperation• provide direction to BDT• establish ITU-D study groups

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU-D Study Groups

• ITU-D not involved in technical standardization so manages only two study groups– serve as forum for developing and developed countries,

and public and private sector organizations to meet– purpose: devise innovative solutions to address specific

problem areas as identified by WTDC• study focus: telecommunications development strategies• SG 1 - Telecommunication development strategies and

policies• SG 2 - Development and management of

telecommunication services and networks

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC)• Held every ~2-3 years; WRC-03: June 2003, Geneva• Role: review and revise the Radio Regulations

– international treaty governing the use of the radio-frequency spectrum and the geostationary-satellite and non-geostationary-satellite orbits

– general scope of WRC agenda established 4 - 6 years in advance; final agenda set by ITU Council 2 years before

– give instructions to the Radio Regulations Board and the Radiocommunication Bureau, and review their activities.

– determine Questions for study by the RA and SGs in preparation for future radiocommunication conferences

Additional Details

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Radiocommunication Assembly (RA)

• Meet every ~2-3 years; may be associated with a WRC; RA-03: June 2003, Geneva– WRCs determine Questions for study by RA and SGs

in preparation for future WRCs

• RAs:– approve work program for study groups– set up structures required to carry out work– work assignments priority, urgency and time-frame

• Approve ITU-R Recommendations on technical specifications of systems

• Approve technical studies in support of regulatory work of WRCs

Additional Details

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

Radio Regulations Board (RRB)

• approves Rules of Procedure used in applying Radio Regulations and registering frequency assignments made by Member States

• addresses matters which cannot be resolved through application of Radio Regulations and Rules of Procedure

• considers reports of unresolved interference investigations carried out by the Bureau at request of administrations and formulates Recommendations

• advises WRCs and RAs• Bureau Director is Executive Secretary

Additional Details

ITU /ICTP Workshop on New Radiocommunication Technologies for ICT in Developing Countries, Trieste, Italy, May 17-21, 2004 – R. Passerini, ITU-BDT

ITU and IMT-2000

ITU- R:Radio aspects(Standards&Regulations)WP8F (Lead Group)WP8D (Satellite)

ITU- T: Network aspects(Standards, Tariffs, Numbering)

SSG (Lead group)SG3 (Tariff)SG11 (Protocols)

BDTPolicyRegulationAssistance,Implementation

ITU Coordination


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