IUCN · 2013. 9. 12. · P20, P21 : Matthieu Bernardon / P23 : Aïssatou Sall / P23 : UICN BRAO /...

IUCNThe World Conservation Union

R e g i o n a l O f f i c e f o r W e s t A f r i c a

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ANNUAL REPORT

Published by: IUCN Regional Office for West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Copyright: 2006 International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.

Citation: IUCN-BRAO (2007). Annual Report 2006, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 40 pp

ISBN: 978-2-8317-0990-1

Cover photos: Hellio & Van Ingen / Aimé Nianogo

Design and layout: Régis Jalabert - OPUS SUD

Available from: IUCN-Regional Office for West Africa

01 BP 1618 Ouagadougou 01Burkina FasoTél. (++226) 5032 8500Fax. (++226) 5030 7561E-mail. [email protected] Site Internet. www.iucn.org/places/brao

Photo credits : Photos by Hellio & Van Ingen and :P7 : Alice Batiana / P8, P9, P12, P13, P14, P25, P26, P27 : Alice Batiana /P9, P12, P13, P14 : Geoffroy Mauvais / P18, P19 : Matar Diouf / P20, P21 : Matthieu Bernardon / P23 : Aïssatou Sall / P23 : UICN BRAO / P26, P27 : Kwame Odame-Ababio / P27 : Maxwell Guimah / P30 : Amadou Ba / P35 : Clarisse Kambou Honadia

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The following funding agencies made generous contributions to IUCN in West Africa. IUCN expresses its gratitude to them all.

IUCN

IUCN-NC

WANI WATER AND NATURE INITIATIVE

CITES

DANIDA

MAVA

DUTCH

European Union

African Union

GISP

FIBA

FFEM

GEF

Seco/Switzerland

DFID/UK

DGCS

World Bank

USAID

SCAC FRANCE

USA

ITTO/OIBT

JAPON JICA

UNDP

CIRD

UNOPS

UNEP

FAO

Sida

OMVS

FC GHANA

NIGERIA

BF PAGEN

List of IUCN donors in 2007 . . . . . . . . .P.3

Climate: Chronicle of a forewarned

cataclysm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.4

Allanblackia, a promising bridge

between poverty reduction and forest

conservation in Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.6

Towards a West Africa dialogue

on forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P9

A regional evaluation process on the

efficiency of protected areas in

West Africa coming soon . . . . . . . . . . .P.12

The national strategy for the

management of protected areas of

Senegal takes shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.15

Integrating the environment in

development policies: a concern for

Senegalese parliamentarians. . . . . . . . .P.18

Traditional processing of fish by

Imraguen women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.20

Transferring and sharing participatory

governance tools in the West African

protected marine areas . . . . . . . . . . . .P.23

Reconciling socio-economic

development and water resources

conservation; experiences from

the Volta basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P25

Extending natural resources conservation

beyond national borders . . . . . . . . . . .P28

Restoring ecosystems: The increase

of the economic value of water and

poverty reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.30

MEMBERS ACTIVITIES: Members singled

out for their implementation of IUCN’s

programme in West Africa . . . . . . . .P.32

List of publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.36

List of IUCN members in West

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P.37

Financial report in 2006 . . . . . . . . . . .P.39

DONORSIUCN

(BRAO)

S U M M A R Y

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No more burrying one’s head in the

sand: nobody can pretend anymore

ignoring the risks that our planet is

running in the face of the multiple

ecologic challenges which are accu-

mulating.

As far as environmentalists were the only onesto vigorously denounce the ecologic scandal, scepti-cism and doubt prevailed, their shouts of alarm onthe dangers of climate change were considered asinflated. Then progressively, well-advised politicians,having understood the importance of the environ-mental stakes rallied the appeals of researchers: thechorus, thereby, becoming louder, more powerfuland stronger. Today, economists, who have also joi-ned in, demonstrate, with supportive figures, thedisastrous consequences that climate change willhave on world growth in the medium term.

Besides the chronicle of a forewarned cata-clysm, we equally register an unfair retribution.Indeed, today, in Africa, variability and climate chan-ge phenomena have also taken as dramatic as recur-rent turns. Specialists are unanimous: while Africacontributes the less to the emission of greenhousegases, it is the continent which will suffer the mostfrom climate change. Droughts, floods, degradationof soils, decrease of agriculture yields are some ofthe consequences that the continent is severelyliving through. Several reliable studies demonstrate

the correlation between rainfall and economic deve-lopment: years of poor repetitive rainfalls have led tothe noticeable decreases in the economic growth ofseveral African countries.

Another risk, maybe, is the spectre of a brother-will-turn-on-brother world. Population movementsrelated to climate change are a factor of violent inci-dents between neighbouring tribes or groups inAfrica; groups which used to live peacefully. It is thecase in Darfur, but also in Somalia, with regards tothe exploitation of the available natural resources. InWest Africa, Tuareg conflicts as well as otherconflicts which are less under the spotlight of themedia but are as deadly as others such as betweenfarmers and livestock herdsmen, are accounted inthis register. On the other hand, some people thinkthat three African countries out of four are in an«instable» area where the decrease of rainfalls mightlead to a strong decrease of the level of river waters.

At the global level, the forecasts of specialistsindicate that the raise of the sea level might lead tothe disappearance of several towns, that is to saythousands of houses and jobs. Up to 200 millionpeople could be affected and become ecologicalrefugees. The highly regarded Sir Nicholas Stern, aformer senior economist at the World Bank, came tothe conclusion, in a study conducted on the accountof the British Government, that climate change canlead to a downfall of 20% of the global economicproduction. 7,500 billions of dollars: that is what cli-mate warming might cost to the global economy,that is to say, more than both world wars whichdevastated the XXth century, some voices say.

Ibrahim Thiaw – Regional Director, IUCN West Africa

CLIMATE:CHRONICLE OF A FOREWARNED CATACLYSM

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Thus, more than ever, the future of the sustai-nability of our environment is in the agenda. Considering the worldwide realisation of the clima-te change phenomena and their consequences onthe world, one can only hope that all Governments,even those who persist in refusing to join the KyotoProtocol, will finally face the fact: for preserving thefuture of present and coming generations, the timeto act is now.

In this regard, in 2006, the IUCN office in WestAfrica (IUCN-BRAO), as per its mission and vision,has strengthened several initiatives which enhancethe conservation of our natural resources: improvedmanagement of ecosystems and protected areas;alternatives to mass-consumed products drawnfrom nature (the Allanblackia in lieu of palm oil, forinstance); the involvement of parliamentary authori-ties in the preservation of biodiversity; valuing tradi-tional techniques for poverty alleviation...Considering the multitude of initiatives taken throu-ghout the world – by IUCN and others -, hope is per-mitted, in the middle, however, of a mountain ofuncertainties.


A novel non timber forest product

with a potential for increased

industrial transformation and

global use

Ghana’s rainforests are home to Allanblackiatrees, a hitherto unknown species whose’ seeds,after extraction from pods, can be crushed to pro-duce oil. Oil from the species may be used as a sub-stitute for palm oil to produce commercial pro-ducts such as margarine and soaps.

Ghana is the first country from whereAllanblackia seeds are being processed. The busi-ness started in 2002 as a unique public-private part-nership (PPP) involving the World ConservationUnion (IUCN), Unilever – a global multinationalcompany, the World Agro-Forestry Centre (ICRAF),the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), SNV Netherlands DevelopmentOrganisation, the Swiss State Secretariat forEconomic Affairs (SECO), and a number of govern-mental agencies, civil society organisations in Africaand Ghana, and local communities; all in a bid totake action on global trade and environment rela-ted commitments. The partnership initiated theproject titled: “Allanblackia: Standard setting andsustainable supply chain management”. The primarygoal of the partnership is to ensure success of thenovelty project from seed collection by local com-

munities through processing to marketing, by inves-tigating and promoting aspects related to its socialacceptability, environmental sustainability andfinancial viability.

It was launched in Ghana in March 2005 with an ini-tial duration of three years. It essentially investi-gates the socio-economic, ecological and speciesrelated impacts of the commercialization ofAllanblackia with the intention of providing instru-ments that will ensure sustainable harvesting aswell as the equitable sharing of benefits among sta-keholders. The project is funded by SECO andimplemented by IUCN through its members i.e., theForestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) andthe Institute of Cultural Affairs Ghana (ICA-Ghana)and partners i.e., Technoserve, Unilever and SNV.This implementation approach by IUCN, seeks tostrengthen and develop the capacity of its mem-bers and partners.

Concretely, the project pursues three overall goals: 1) To develop guidelines expected to direct activi-

ties in all parts of the Allanblackia supply chain, 2) To ensure that the supply chain is managed in a

sustainable way, and3) To ascertain that local actors in Ghana have the

capacity eventually to take over the supplychain.

The development objective of the project is topromote sustainable development and trade inAllanblackia oil as a contribution towards national

ALLANBLACKIA, A PROMISING BRIDGE BETWEEN POVERTY REDUCTION AND FOREST CONSERVATION IN GHANABy Samuel Kofi Nyame - Coordinator Allanblackia Project, IUCN-Ghana,et Martin Nganje - Acacia Programme Coordinator, IUCN West Africa

economic development by diversifying incomesources to improve the livelihood of poor ruralcommunities and foster sustainable biodiversityconservation and management in Ghana. The speci-fic objective of the project is to promote instru-ments i.e., “Best Practice Guidelines,” that will ensu-re sustainable harvesting of Allanblackia as well asequitable sharing of benefits among stakeholdersespecially rural poor communities whose primaryrole is the collection and selling of Allanblackiaseeds.

Allanblackia and forest biodiversity conservationThe Allanblackia tree is common in the wild

and frequently used as shade on cocoa farms.However, hybrid cocoa that thrives without shade isincreasingly replacing the traditional varieties lea-ding to shade tress being removed from farms. Sucha threat is in check as this project and another ini-tiative in Ghana by Conservation International i.e.,“Conservation of Globally Significant Biodiversity inCocoa Production Landscapes in West Africa” pro-motes Allanblackia as one of its target species the-reby saving a large number of the trees whose mar-ketable seeds will further provide the motivationfor it to be left on farms. Moreover the increasinginterest to plant Allanblackia seedlings on existingcocoa farms is an indication of the willingness bycommunities to improve their landscape, forest andbiodiversity conservation and generate additionalincome to improve their welfare.

Allanblackia provides a unique opportunity touse a native tree species with environmental andeconomic benefits to restore degraded forest land-scapes in Ghana. It should be mentioned that Ghanalike many tropical countries, experienced a periodof shortage of exotic species plantations resultingin negative consequences for local biodiversity andlivelihoods. The thick and hard bark of theAllanblackia tree makes it relatively resistantagainst forest fires. The species is consequently

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valued by communities in the semi-deciduousforest landscapes for its capacity to reduce the riskof fires. Also, Allanblackia casts only a minimalshade with its narrow crown and is relatively diffi-cult to eliminate as it sprouts easily. Smallholderinvolvement in Allanblackia planting can helpenhance the integrity of forest landscapes even asincorporating the species into farming systems willcontribute to improved landscape connectivity. Inorder to maximize the beneficial effects on theenvironment, a mixture of tree species includingAllanblackia will be planted along roadsides, in fal-low lands, degraded forests, steep plots and clearedriverbanks.

The use of Allanblackia in forest landscape res-toration while being beneficial may generate risksto biodiversity if not well managed. Risks includethe possibility of over-harvesting seed sources withnegative impacts on the regeneration of the spe-cies, transforming Allanblackia into a plantationtree contrary to the objectives of the current pro-ject, and the possibility of habitat disturbance byseed collectors a phenomenon unfavourable forwildlife conservation. These risks can be minimisedby promoting legislation that favours the sustai-nable use of Allanblackia along with other naturalresources, enhances livelihood security and forestgovernance, promotes species which are dependenton Allanblackia fruits and seeds e.g. brush-tailedporcupine, assessing impacts on other species befo-re introducing the tree into new areas for restora-tion purposes, promoting natural and artificialAllanblackia regeneration to compensate for theeventual decline of other species resulting fromloss of seed input into the ecosystem, and ensuringthat the use of Allanblackia does not eradicate thelocal gene pool of species on the landscape.

Allanblackia and livelihood enhancementThe Allanblackia project is a careful blend of

the resources, expertise and interests of public, pri-vate and community organisations to pursue a com-mercial and developmental agenda that is benefi-cial to all parties based on respect, trust, commit-

ment and a strong orientation towards the future.Allanblackia seeds are already bringing additionalincome to rural poor communities. Poor familieswhich were unable to meet certain basic needs cur-rently feel relieved as they are able to provide someof such needs with revenue from the sale ofAllanblackia seeds. A healthy mature tree producesas much as 40 kg of seeds, which after processing,yields about 12 kg of oil for which the small-scalefarmer will earn US$4.00. More trees mean moreincome.

In conclusion, the Allanblackia tree is nowcombining the attributes of forestry with the pro-ductive characteristics of agriculture. Using the spe-cies in agrarian systems provides an opportunity toimprove incomes at the small farm scale as well ascheck environmental degradation through theaerial cover it provides on the farm and landscapescales.

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A dynamic regional framework with

adapted packages of tested and

approved approaches and processes

on how forests can effectively

contribute to the generation of

wealth and the alleviation of poverty

in West Africa.

The West Africa dry and moist forest ecosys-tem is located between the equator and the 8th

parallel in an area referred as Africa’s land of sunshi-ne. According to recent FAO and ITTO statistics, theecosystem covered an area of 1,299,310 km2 in 2005in sixteen countries1 with a population of 260 millioninhabitants. The role of this ecosystem on the welfa-re of West African States and communities, and itsimportance on global environmental processes can-not be underestimated. Recent information fromthe above sources has revealed that domestic ener-gy consumption alone, accounted for the extractionof 172,225,000 m2 of wood from this ecosystem in2005. Also, contrary to the cataclysmic scenario pre-dicted by some writers, West Africa’s forest andwoodland sector continued to contribute signifi-cantly to the Gross National Product (GNP) of coun-tries of the sub-region, ranking between 2nd and 5th inits contribution to their foreign exchange earnings.

Côte d’Ivoire alone, netted USD 311,292,000 USdollars from timber sales in 2004 even as the sectoraccounted for up to 313,000 contracted and paidemployees at the sub-regional scale in 2000. At thebiodiversity level, the ecosystem is renowned for itsspecies dynamism. It hosts the most behaviourallyevolved group of chimpanzees in their natural set-ting on our planet, and includes flagships such as theWest African Giraffe, the Pygmy Hippo, the WestAfrican Manatee, and the forest and savannahElephants. The level of endemism attained by mam-mals, vertebrates, birds, reptiles, amphibians andplants of this ecosystem has been rated by expertsas exceptional even as it continues to turn up newspecies. For example, after the discovery ofHyperolius nienokouensis, a species of frog new toscience in 1997, two new species, one of a frog andanother of a snake turned up between the forests ofCôte d’Ivoire and Liberia in 2001.

Why a dialogue on forests?The inevitable link between forest degradation andaccentuating poverty

Poverty has been described as the greatestthreat to political stability, social cohesion and envi-ronmental health. Nowhere is this statement betterverified than in West Africa, where the wealth of vir-tually all States and the livelihood of communitiesdepend on the sub-region’s degrading natural andespecially its forest resources. West Africa conse-quently registers the most frequent civil conflicts inAfrica with eight of the sub-region’s sixteen coun-tries rated among the poorest on earth. This forest

TOWARDS AWEST AFRICA DIALOGUE ON FORESTS

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By Martin Nganje - Acacia programme Coordinator, IUCN West Africa

1 Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria, Togo, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Niger and Cape Verde.

resource dependency has been recognised bygovernments of the sub-region manifested by theirsigning and ratifying United Nations’ conventionswith specifications on forest biodiversity, such as;the Convention on Biological Diversity, theConvention on Humid Areas, and the Convention onDesertification. Most countries of the sub-regionhave also conceived forest policies and programmesand promulgated forest laws currently at differentstages of execution. Notwithstanding this progress,numerous problems persist: the value of forest pro-ducts needs to be better appraised and exploited,expertise in forest governance needs to be impro-ved, forest policies better coordinated, results ofinternational forestry meetings better exploited,isolated and sporadic interventions better coordina-ted through participatory planning at national andregional levels, and the impacts of intensive andcommercial undertakings on forest environmentsbetter assessed. As a result, the contribution offorests to wealth creation and to the economy ofthe countries of the sub-region remains relativelylow, poorly accounted for and generally under-valued.

It is within this back-drop that IUCN is facilita-ting the development of a West Africa dialogue onforests in consultation with the EconomicCommunity of West African States – ECOWAS, theEconomic and Monetary Union of West Africa(UEMOA), the Permanent Inter-state Committee forDrought Control in the Sahel (CILSS), the Food andAgricultural Organisation of the United NationsOrganisation (FAO), the International Institute forResearch in Agro-Forestry (ICRAF), the Centre forInternational Forestry Research (CIFOR), the WorldWide Fund for nature (WWF), Fauna and FloraInternational (FFI), the United NationsEnvironmental Programme (UNEP), the Network forEnvironment and Sustainable Development in Africa

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(NESDA) and others. The objective of the dialogueprocess is to use documented and adapted expe-riences within and out of the region to identify andappropriately package processes that will improvethe efficiency of forests in alleviating poverty inWest Africa.

During the dialogue proposal meeting organi-sed by IUCN in Ouagadougou in July 2006, it wasagreed that on-going institutional integration pro-cesses advocated by ECOWAS and UEMOA shouldbe accompanied by harmonised and coordinatedforest management taking account of all ecologicalzones, from the dry forests of the Sahel to the moistforests of the Gulf of Guinea, and to embrace novelapproaches such as: local culture, research resultsand a regional dimension to forestry training.

Way forwardGuided by equity, transparency and accountabi-

lity, the forest dialogue process is essentially avehicle in which ideas are refined, juxtapositionedinitiatives are ordered, controversies are harmonisedand capacity enhanced using the process of compa-rative advantage.

Experiences from similar regional frameworksshared during the dialogue proposal meeting revea-led how national government agencies responsiblefor forests and wildlife, forest research centres, uni-versities, protected area agencies, civil society orga-nisations and others have benefited through net-works initiated and facilitated by such dialogue pro-cesses to share experiences and achieve synergy. Theroad-map proposed for advancing the West Africadialogue on forests includes amongst others: thedevelopment and presentation of advocacy docu-ments in support of the process in an upcomingWest Africa environmental policy conference to beorganised by ECOWAS and UEMOA before the endof 2006, and the invitation of principal partners andstakeholder representatives for a more comprehen-sive planning session of the dialogue process to takeplace between December 2006 and January 2007.

The forest dialogue process is under refinementby IUCN and partners and will necessarily takeaccount the following:• Policies, including economic policies the objec-

tives of which may be contradictory to forest poli-cy orientations.

• Results from field projects, forest research andresearch results of related sectors, and culturalaspects of forest management in the developmentof forest policies.

• Support for good forest governance with the aimof instituting an attitude and culture of goodmanagement, transparency and accountability.

• Support of institutional capacity development atall levels such as through organised experiencesharing forums and networking.

• Support to effective management of protectedareas and community forests using processes suchas networks of experts, network of protected areaagencies and related programmes.

• Promotion of strong partnerships and networksthrough a trust-building programme.

• Harmonisation of approaches for settling displa-ced persons in forest areas in collaboration withthe United Nations agencies responsible for thisaspect.

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A REGIONAL EVALUATION PROCESS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PROTECTED AREAS IN WEST AFRICA COMING SOON: By Geoffroy Mauvais – Programme Officer for Protected Areas, IUCN West Africa

The efficiency of protected areas is

today a concept placed at the top

of the international conservation

agenda.

These last years have witnessed an increase inthe surface areas dedicated to nature preservationon land and, more and more, on sea. The increase inthe resources allocated in order for protected areasto get within reach of the objectives outlined ininternational forums like the Convention on BiologicDiversity has also been privileged. The emphasis nowlies on evaluating and monitoring the impacts thatthese territories have had with these additionalresources, as their impacts are the most relevant evi-dence for assessing their actual efficiency (see box 1).

Box 1 : Management Efficiency, a priority target for conservation

IUCN’s World Commission for Protectedareas (WCPA) makes a certain number of sta-tements on the status of protected areas inthe world:• Capacities to manage protected areas are weak

in several countries, and must be improved

• Democratisation of communities, whichincludes the decentralisation and the accoun-tability of the authority over protected areas,gives the opportunity to local authorities, indi-genous peoples and local communities to bemore directly involved. Several governancemodels are emerging, of which we must makethe most of

• Policy and strategic decision-makers like themanagers of protected areas often makechoices based on inaccurate information. Moreoften than not, they are still making decisionsalone, without learning from current and pastbest practices.

Hence, the World Park Congress (Durban 2003)has set up a list of 15 priority objectives toachieve, especially the following:• objective 3: the management of protected

areas is reviewed in such a way that theycontribute to poverty alleviation and doesnot make it worse, at any rate

• objective 6 : all protected areas have an effi-cient management system set up

• objective 7: capacities for effective manage-ment exist in all protected areas

• objective 8: all protected areas are managed inthe respect of the rights of local populations

• and objective 13: all countries have set upefficient governance systems for protectedareas.

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The New Partnership for Africa’s Development(NEPAD) has made the management of protec-ted areas one of its key priorities, and moreparticularly outlines the need to:• develop and implement, for all Sub-Saharan

African countries, a management system forprotected areas meeting the environmentaland socio-economic needs of each one ofthem,

• creating a database related to all protectedareas on the continent which will be based inAfrica, in order to support the activities iden-tified by African countries as priorities (on thebasis of existing databases like BDMAP)

• reinforcing the management of biodiversityon the continent through perfected trainings,the development of policies and institutionsand a planning system,

• setting up and supporting a network of scien-tists, practitioners of protected areas, experts,by formulating policies as a forum for exchan-ging ideas, experiences and influencing policies.

At last, the Work Programme on protectedareas, adopted by the Convention on BiologicDiversity, during its 6th Conference of Parties (inKuala Lumpur, in 2004), foresees four principal axesof work which explicitly make reference to theimplementation of the evaluation of protected areamanagement systems to assess the progresses achie-ved and allow monitoring.

There is a worldwide method for evaluating theefficiency of the protected areas (see box 2) set upduring the last ten years by various influential stake-holders in the field of conservation (WWF, WorldBank, UNESCO …) under the coordination of theGlobal Commission for Protected Areas of theIUCN. This shared methodology allows for the com-parison of results obtained during evaluations, wha-tever the specific method used according to thesites and settings.

Box 2 : Efficiency and protected areas

“Evaluation of efficiency“ is to be understood asa way of:

a) Measuring the performance of a protectedarea and its outskirts (or a system of pro-tected areas) in relation to its raison d’être

b) Taking appropriate and progressive deci-sions pertaining to that performance, andbringing the context of the protected areato evolve

c) Improving goal-reaching, subsequentlyd) Being accountable to all partners (including

local partners) on the management of pro-tected areas

1) The performance of the protected area (or sys-tem of protected areas) is concerned with itsresults and impacts, which include its traditionalduties of conservation, environmental educa-tion, recreational and so forth, but equally its cul-tural, social and economic responsibilities.

2) The setting is the implementation frameworkfor the management of the protected area (orsystem of protected areas). It is not rigidly setand should evolve at the pace of knowledgeand in line with the vocation of protectedareas.

3) The objectives are the same as those identi-fied in the process leading to the designationof the protected area as such and planningtargets, etc.. They depend on the means andinputs that the territory is benefiting from.But beside this, they include all the duties ear-lier mentioned which managers do not neces-sarily take into account.

4) The evaluation allows one to measure thebenefits (or costs) resulting from the manage-ment of a protected area and to make a com-parison with the efforts undertaken in thatdirection by the manager, by donors, by thepeople… This measuring is also the basis forthe identification of any additional meansrequired.


On the basis of this method, BRAO is currentlydeveloping an effective system for evaluating theefficiency of the protected areas in West Africa (seebox 3) as a way of contributing to the improvementof the governance method of natural resources ingeneral, and their contribution to the relevant com-munities, in particular.

This system relies on the establishment of a seriesof “peer” reviews, that is, conducted by multidiscipli-nary volunteering evaluators from the sub-region.They will be performed in countries willing to engagein that process and would concern all the categories inprotected areas: categories I to VI of the IUCN. A stee-ring group has been set up to work at including thatapproach into the prospect of global capacity building(at the level of the sites, of the systems, of the evalua-tors …). This pool will validate the evaluations and willidentify innovative solutions to address possible short-comings, and then will watch over their implementa-tion. It will consider ahead the thinking for certifyingprotected areas in the longer run.

Box 3 : BRAO’s programme for evaluating protected areas

The four main objectives of the programmedeveloped by BRAO are as follows : 1) DEVELOPING SKILLS: It is a question of pro-

gressively putting in place tools and capaci-ties to measure the efficiency of the manage-ment of protected areas in West Africa, andthereby helping improve their managementmethods

2) EVALUATING A SAMPLE OF PROTECTEDAREAS: BRAO will implement targeted eva-luations (and ensure monitoring, later on) ofthe efficiency of pilot protected areas thatcould serve as examples for the whole sub-region

3) PROMOTING CHANGE: the evaluation will pro-vide a situation analysis and ways of makingthings better. BRAO will then provide a mediumfor developing these enticing and innovativesolutions in the region.

4) SHARING EXPERIENCES: on the basis of theseactions, it will be a matter of organizing net-works, communicating and disseminating theresults of the evaluations and ensuring that theexamples developed are taken into account byall the stakeholders in protected areas.

In the short term, BRAO will help: put in placetools, methods and resource persons for the evalua-tion and monitoring of the efficiency evaluations ofprotected areas in West Africa; sensitise all decision-makers on the need to adopt this approach; andtrain managers of protected areas in the use of thisnew approach.

In the medium term, the efficiency audits of arepresentative number of protected areas of thesub-region will be conducted, and it will dissemina-te the results and related recommendations, whileoffering the possibility of implementing the firstinnovative actions deemed relevant.

Finally, in the long term, it is BRAO’s ambition tohelp initiate a framework for issuing a label orauthenticating a representative number of protec-ted areas of the sub-region as per each IUCN cate-gory, on the basis of the monitoring/evaluation thatwill be developed; and to facilitate the dissemina-tion of best practices out of these territories (andfrom their outskirts). These protected areas shouldserve as model and pilot areas for all the others, andrepresent budding innovation centres aimed atimproving management methods (including a parti-cipatory approach).

The aim is finally to create a virtuous circleallowing the best protected areas to be recognizedas such, to disseminate their experiences, to benefitfrom them and to progress even more, and to inciteothers to engage in reforms that will eventuallyallow them to claim that recognition; improving pro-tected areas, as years go by…

In 2006, efforts were especially made in theway of reinforcing CMAP (adherence of newmembers, internal communication, updating ofdatabases on the protected areas) and the firsttraining session of expert-evaluators throughworkshops organized in Ouagadougou (May) andin Nairobi (November). A global programme ofevaluation of the efficiency of the managementof the protected areas has been proposed tovarious donors.

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After analysing the situation of protected areas,the experts gathered at the World Park Congress(Durban 2003), have estimated that the ability ofthese sites to preserve biodiversity and the environ-mental, social and economic services were threate-ned by various factors of change at local, nationaland global levels. They had therefore recommendedthe formulation of national strategies for the mana-gement of protected areas.

In Senegal, the creation of protected areas star-ted since the colonial period with the introductionof classified forests, followed by the creation ofnational parks and reserves in the 1970’s and, morerecently, with the decentralization the concept ofcommunity protected areas was born.

Public authorities’ efforts in the area of ecosys-tem conservation have allowed Senegal to disposeof a network of seven national parks and reservesand of 200 classified forests. Except for the crea-tion of the community reserves, the creation of allother protected areas were accompanied by ten-sion between governmental authorities and popula-tions living in these sites. According to the percep-tion of technicians and lawmakers who were then incharge of the creation of the protected areas, nohuman activity was permitted in these sites meantfor being sanctuaries for the conservation of biodi-versity.

The authorities, who were ambitioning to crea-te a network of protected areas in various eco-geo-graphic areas of Senegal, started a process of displa-cement of villages located in the targeted sites.These displacements met with a strong oppositionof the populations involved and with a resistance to

the government project. In spite of that opposition,the decrees creating the protected areas have beensigned.

Today, the persisting view that these protectedareas are State owned property and the lack of ade-quate resources have allowed for abuses which arepartly the cause of the advanced degradation ofthese sites. The 2, 519, 000 ha theoretically coveredby classified forests are seriously damaged to suchan extent that some of them have almost becomebarren areas.

The management of these protected areas, intheir socio-economic and eco-geographic context,requires the setting of a framework of planning andof a strategy of intervention integrating all thedimensions conditioning their conservation.Without these reference frameworks for the variousstakeholders, confusions and conflicts of interestcould affect the conservation of these sites.

Senegal government with the support of IUCNtook advantage of the recommendations of theCongress in Durban to initiate a process for the for-mulation of a national strategy for the managementof protected areas.

With the support IUCN Global Commission ofProtected, Senegal Office thus helped the nationalexperts to conduct preliminary surveys and hasorganized a national workshop of information andin the launch of the process for the formulation ofthe strategy for the management of protected areas.These activities have helped in realising an analysisof the management policy of the protected areas.

By Matar DIOUF - Programme Coordinator, IUCN-Senegal

THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTEDAREAS OF SENEGAL TAKES SHAPE

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Analysis and participative planning at regionallevel

The process has retained the region as basicarea unit for the formulation of the strategy.Discussions and dialogue platforms have been put inplace in each of the 11 regions of the country. Theseplatforms are composed of various stakeholders: thetechnical services of the State, the organizations ofthe civil society involved in the management of theprotected areas, the local authorities, the privateand representatives of riparian populations of thesesites.

They are in charge of identifying the regionalstakes, of defining management options and of pro-posing regional strategies for protected areas. Theresults at regional level will be federated at nationallevel.

Already Promising Intermediate ResultsThese discussions have highlighted interesting

examples, the analyses of which are likely to opennew ways for the management of these protectedareas.

Besides the experience of the game reserve ofPopoguine which has been the subject of concessionbetween the State and the co-operative of womenof riparian villages and, except for the example ofthe community marine area of Bamboug managed bya group of villages with the help of the NGOOceanium, two other cases captured our attention.They are the community forest of Sambandé and thesacred forest of Laga. The first is located in the eco-geographic area of the peanuts Basin, in the centralpart of the country. Like most of the classifiedforests of that peanuts area, it was in advanced stateof degradation and subjected to encroachments.


Thanks to a local convention developed by thepopulations of the villages in the periphery and bythe rural council and approved by the technical ser-vices of water and forestry departments as well asby the administrative authorities, that forest hasregenerated within a period of (5) years. It presentlygenerates substantial income for the populationsthrough fruit harvesting, the collection of dead-wood and of straw.

The forest of Laga is a sacred site located onone the distributaries of the old river of Saloum. Thekeeper of the site is one of the descendants of thefamily line of the Tambor. In Foundiougne area, it isthe only site where mangrove swamp in good condi-tion can be found. There is no cutting of wood in thearea despite the nearness of this site to an urbancentre and the changes of mentality.

All workgroups in each of the regions are at themoment identifying all practices of management ofprotected areas currently experimented in theirzone.

Through the interventions of the projects,NGOs, and of community associations as well as ofthe private, several activities have been experimen-ted to promote a good management of the protec-ted areas.

We can also mention the reserves of Bandia andof Fathala granted by the State to private agents, thedeveloped forest of Dankou in the region of Kaolackand of Dabo in the region of Kolda. Not to be igno-red also is the ongoing experience supported byUSAID through « Woula Nafa » programme whichmeans «the Forest, a treasure », in the region ofTambacounda.

Some of these experiences had conclusiveresults whereas others had less.

The process for the formulation of the manage-ment strategy of protected areas chose to use theapproach of representative sampling in the variousregions of these experiences sometimes isolatedand to make a synthesis in order to share the lessonslearned.

The intermediate results of the working groupshave also revealed that several protected areas, par-ticularly reserves and classified forests, are onlyclassified on paper. They have undergone very highlevels of encroachments and some of them are eventotally bare. Some suggest re-qualification of theseprotected areas that have lost the function requiredfor this statute.

The management strategy of these protectedareas will be formulated on the basis of the resultsof the environmental and socio-economical dia-gnostic check of these sites and of the recommen-dations made by the working group. It will draw onthe experience of management of protected areasacquired by the various actors these latter years.

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In order for parliamentarians to better playtheir role when adopting policies on the environ-ment and on the management of natural resources,IUCN has facilitated, for a few years now, the crea-tion and the operation of a network of parliamenta-rians for the environment within the NationalAssembly of Senegal. This network gathers morethan 70 parliament members and covers all politicalparties represented at the National Assembly.

The idea of creation of the network comes fromthe fact that more often than not a Senegalesedeputy does not have the means to follow up regu-larly on the technical tangles on the environmentand the management of natural resources. Yet des-pite this situation, they are called upon to vote thelaws relating to these areas, in the name of thepopulation they represent.

In Senegal, the National assembly cannot affordTo provide its members with the services of techni-cal advisors, to help them prepare their parliamen-tarian sessions. To vote laws, they base their opi-nions on the trust they put in the technicians of thetechnical ministries who draft proposals. Thus,members of the Parliament, even those from theopposition, don’t always approriate information toensure their duty of control. This results in an indi-rect or partial control of the National Assembly ofthe programmes proposed by the government.

Thanks to various information sessions, trainingand discussions during field visits, the members ofParliament have enriched their experiences withnew knowledge on the environment, and their awa-reness toward environmental matters is reinforced.Consequently, the Environment and RegionalDevelopment Commission that work with the net-work of parliamentarians, has increased its visibilityand his reputation at the National Assembly, withinthe technical ministries and with the developmentpartners.

The activities in which the members ofParliament who are also members of the networkare involved include: the visits to see experimentsof applied research on medicinal plants, visits to theCommercial Company of Cement Works of Senegal(SOCOCIM) and visits to fishing wharfs.The parlia-mentarians were lead by the coordinator and thechairwoman of the Commission for the Environment,Regional and Rural Development.

Accompanied by the lecturers/researchers ofthe Faculty of Medicine of the University of Dakar,the experts of ENDA-Health and IUCN, a group ofdeputies who are members of the parliamentariannetwork for the environment visited the appliedexperiments on medicinal plants in the sites of KeurGouri and Mbandakhoune in the region of Kaolack.

INTEGRATING THE ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: ACONCERN FOR SENEGALESE PARLIAMENTARIANS.By Matar Diouf - Programme Coordinator, IUCN-Senegal

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The discussions between experts, traditionalpractitioners and the parliamentarians emphasizedthat medicinal plants are the first health resorts inthe area and in most rural and peri-urban areas inSenegal. Although it is relevant to public health, theuse of these medicinal plants in health cares is stillillegal with respect to Senegalese Law. Sensitive tothe situation, the deputies undertook to introduce abill of law, to legalise the use of medicinal plants inhealth care and to call upon the Ministry of Healthon the issue.

The Cement Trading Company of Senegal(SOCOCIM) is a factory established in Rufisque, atown on the outskirts of Dakar, the capital ofSenegal. The populations living in the vicinity of thefactory and the women processing the fish at Bargnyseashore complain about the pollution the factory iscausing. The deputies, members of the networkaccompanied the Minister of the environment totour the factory. During this visit, they drew theattention of the factory managers on the respect ofthe regulations provided in the Code ofEnvironment.

The Minister of maritime economy with themembers of Parliament, members of the networkwent to visit the fishing wharf. These visits wereopportunities to inform and sensitize professionalworkers of this sector, on the importance of respec-ting the biological fallow system adopted to allowfor the regeneration of the resources and to informthem of the dangers they may encounter by usingfishing machines prohibited by the law regulatingthe fishing activity.

The network is a place of reflection and ofinformation on the major challenges in the preserva-tion of the national natural heritage. Environmentalissues are now included in all discussions of policiesand programmes at the Parliament, within the tech-nical commissions as well as in plenary discussions.However, since then, no bill of law or specific oralquestions on environment and on the managementof natural resources has been recorded.

It has been clearly established that in additionto the current activities, parliament members needcloser technical coaching. To that effect, the initiati-ve, « putting in place assistant parliamentarians spe-cialized in environmental issues » has been develo-ped.

In October 2006, IUCN Senegal signed with theNetherlands a contract for the launch of this initia-tive over a period of three years. Through that ini-tiative, IUCN will avail the National Assembly withtwo Assistant Parliamentarians specialized in theenvironment, in the framework of the network ofthe parliamentarians on the environment.

The assistants will provide the parliamentarianswith technical, educational and organisational sup-ports to fulfil their duties of: making available to theparliamentarians useful information for their activi-ties, providing technical inputs and summaryreports, helping the parliamentarians networkconnect with other networks at national and inter-national levels, etc..


A fish not yet well known and an

underestimated fishing activity

In the framework of the Regional Coastal andMarine Conservation Programme for West Africa(PRCM), IUCN joined in to support the managementof the flathead grey mullet, the meagre and thebluefish in Mauritania and Senegal. Simultaneouslyto implementing systems for monitoring the diffe-rent fisheries, the project worked at enhancing the

value of flathead grey mullet-based products andby-products in Mauritania. For that reason, the pro-ject buttressed the co-operatives of Imraguenwomen in various ways : micro-credit, trainings,equipment, commercial promotion, with the view ofrestoring fish-processing activities and improvingthe living conditions of the women involved in thoseactivities.

Fish processing is indeed solely the activity ofwomen among Imraguen people. These fishermenlive in the Arguin Bank national park, in NorthernMauritania. Imraguen women have since developedthroughout many generations, an original way ofprocessing and preserving mullet that could beconsidered as a part of the cultural heritage ofMauritania. This technology allows for the use of thewhole mullet and its by-products, and their preser-vation throughout a greater part of the year in amost precarious landlocked desert environment.

With the development of the commercialfishing of selacians which is encouraged by localfishing trade, fishermen are now forced to sell freshproducts, thereby causing the gradual fading away offish processing activities by women.

The action of IUCN consisted in preserving thistraditional know-how and in supporting the marke-ting networks of the processed products by impro-ving the quality standards -especially health stan-dards-, by enhancing the way they are displayed andpackaged, and by granting locally-managed smallcredits to women’s co-operatives.

By Mathieu Bernardon – Technical Advisor, Mullet Project, Regional Coastal and Marine Conservation Programmefor West Africa (PRCM)

TRADITIONALPROCESSING OF FISH BY IMRAGUENWOMEN

Traditional Imraguen fishing activity

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Tichtar:It’s a dried and non salted mullet. The mulletmeat is dried in the open air, without any additi-ve. This is the traditional way of handling mulletin the Imraquen communities. Tichtar is usuallycooked together with yellow mullet. To succeedin cooking this fish, it needs to be very fresh andimmediately removed of the blood after it iscaught. Its head is cut off, and the rest is dividedinto two strips linked by the queue. Tichtar isproduced only in winter, in dry and windy wea-ther.

Khlea: It is Tichtar pounded in mortars. To improve onits taste, it is often mixed with bottarga. For thepreparation of Khlea, Imragquen women use therest of the meat on the skeleton after removingthe fillets for Tichtar. Khlea is also cooked from various bony fish spe-cies: toumvertels, breams, croakers.

Dhin:Fish oil prepared from the heads and the intes-tines of various fish species: mullets, breams,croakers, flatfish, arius gambensis.The oily intestines and the heads are boiled inbig pots containing sea water. After boiling, theoil on the surface is collected with a makeshiftspoon, most often the shell of a Cymbium (mari-ne shell). For each batch, the operation is repea-ted thrice.

Bottarga:This is from mullet’s ovaries, slightly salted, rin-sed and flattened between two boards fordrying. This product used to be dried in the sand.From the 1950’s, Imraguen people started to usebee wax provided by SIGP, a fishing companyestablished in Nouadhibou, to embed the bot-targa with a protecting layer to ensure itsconservation. The best bottarga is cooked withyellow mullet’s eggs. Bream and other mulletspecies’ eggs can also be used to make bottarga.

Guedj:It’s a fermented and dried fish. Newly introdu-ced in the Imraguen villages, Guedj is not part ofthe traditional products but it is made in thesouth of the Park...

Thus, the processing of the same mullet allowsto produce a complete piece of tichtar, khlea,dhin (oil), and bottarga for the egg-bearing fema-le. With the use of the bones as fuel material,mainly in the process of oil extraction, one cannotice that nothing is lost of this precious fish.Ultimately, the improved use of this resourceenhances the output of this sector while theresource decreases through the years. This is asector that becomes more equitable by associa-ting women to the benefits of fishing activities.

MULLET, NOTHING IS DISCARDED,ALL IS PROCESSED

Mullet-derived products as cooked in Imraguen villages

Belief in the healing virtues of mullet-derivedproducts is also common in Mauritaniansociety.Types of mullet used in traditional therapies

• Roasted mullet “Mechoui elhout“: it is usedto treat bad-temperedness during dry andwindy weather.

This product is among the best dishes served tocurists; it is steamed in the sand, or in a pot(steamed in its own fat).

• Water-boiled mullet “lemlouleb“: Pit is usedto purify the digestive apparatus

The fresh fish is cooked with sea water. It is ser-ved during breakfast and best after dry food. des aliments secs.

• The dried meat “tichtar“: Gives health andvigor. This product is eaten soaked in its own oil.

• The fish oil "dhîn”: It is used to treat diabetes,tuberculosis, rheumatisms and for purgative pur-poses. The dose of oil used depends on the ill-ness to be treated.

• The mullet’s ovary « Bottarga »: it is used totreat bad-digestion-related diseases.

Composition of bottarga and mullet’s oilBottarga and mullet’s oil conceal a lot of poly-unsaturated fatty acids contained in lipids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an importantrole in the prevention of cardiovasculardiseases for they contribute to decrease cho-lesterolemia and triglycerides (Alais et Lyden.1997). On the other hand, these polyunsaturated fattyacids also play a predominant role in the forma-tion of cell membranes and in the structure ofnerve cells (Amiramraz et al 1998).


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The RAMAO project, listed in the PRCM1 com-ponent “Marine Protected Areas” (MPA) has enteredits third year of implementation in the year 2006and continues to bank on collective learning andmutual support among West African coastal PMA.All efforts focus on enhancing the implementationof effective mechanisms for participatory governan-ce in the fourteen sites that are part of the network.

While participatory governance and its equiva-lents – co-management or participatory manage-ment have been proposed for many years as a moreequitable and responsible administration of protec-ted marines areas, it is also worth mentioning thatthe alleging managers of these sites (governmentadministrations, civil society and key stakeholders)often lack adequate knowledge and technical capa-cities to develop and implement such mechanisms.

While participatory governance recommendsan effective sharing of, non only, site managementfunctions (for instance, fishing activities monitoring),but also decision making functions regarding theconservation system to adopt, it is often forgottenthat sharing the decision-making power pertainingto the attribution and the exploitation of naturalresources should be done : (a) among multiple par-ties willing to discuss and understand each otherwithin the framework of governance mechanismthat they have jointly put in place. (b) by sharing theexecutive power with key stakeholders and civilsociety that supports them. This process is often

impeded on by well-rooted stereotypes about theexclusive right retained par the State to managenatural resources.

The frontline challenges concerning this thema-tic are generally linked to human factors, whichneed to be understood in order to be best and fullytaken into account in the future. Among the key sta-keholders, there are less educated people in formalterms, but with good knowledge of the naturalresources they depend on. However, governmentemployees are often highly educated but much lessconversant with natural resources and the anthropo-genic or natural phenomena that occur to naturalresources. On the other hand, proposing to keyactors to share the management power and func-tions with States, the democratic and good gover-nance foundations of which are not always perfect,does not arouse an immediate confidence and inter-est. This is also true to a situation where governmentbodies are asked to share their power with naturalresources’ users. In order to avoid the critical pointof this mistrust and to create an enabling frameworkfor development, both banks of the river should bebridged. The RAMAO project purports to play therole of such a bridge.

Over the past year, RAMAO had been meetingthe needs expressed par government institutions,the civil society and the key stakeholders, andowned a scheme for the implementation of partici-patory governance. The scheme adopted was the

TRANSFERING AND SHARING PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE TOOLS IN THE WEST AFRICAN MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

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By Gilles Hosch - Marine Programme Coordinator, IUCN-West Africa

1 Regional programme for the conservation of the coastal and marine area

one developed and popularized by IUCN2 in itslatest document Sharing Power. This scheme esta-blishes a comprehensive framework for good prac-tices and the implementation of a successful partici-patory governance of a protected area, focussing onthe need to involve all parties in the three stratawhich have been previously referred to, and to setup this framework gradually, ensuring that all partiesare and remain on board.

Support provided to the PMA of the RAMAOnetwork is first and foremost based on two separatemechanisms: the first mechanism is regional supportand mutual learning workshops. The second focuseson exchange trips to enable key stakeholders tocompare successes (and failures) with other sites. In2006, RAMAO organised a support and mutual lear-ning workshop on the place of social communica-tion at the stage called “Preparation of the partner-ship“. Eleven sites of six countries in the sub-regiontook part in this workshop; they were representedby key stakeholders, site supporting NGOs andgovernment employees. Otherwise, many exchangetrips were organized, including mainly the trip orga-nized by key stakeholders of the João Vieira andPoilão and Orango PMAs who visited Urok commu-nity PMA – the three sites are located in Guinea-Bissau. Direct supports were provided to Orangocommunities’ PMAs to build local managementcapacities with regards to the impacts of hippopo-tamuses on crops. Finally, at the end of 2006, thesocio-economic study on the populations living inthe surroundings and within the Niumi National Parkin Gambia, which started in 2005, was being finali-zed; a workshop on Action methods andParticipatory Research was co-funded with localNGOs in the Sal Island in Cape Verde, in November2006.


2 IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy

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Better governance of water resources,

rather than mere availability, is key to

resolving the growing water crisis in

developing countries.

This involves reforming the existing governancestructures including the socio-economic, politicaland administrative systems needed to develop andmanage water resources. It is in this context that,from mid-2004, IUCN initiated the “Project forImproving Water Governance in the Volta Basin”,commonly known by its French acronym - PAGEV, aspart of its transboundary river basin managementinitiatives in Africa. PAGEV is focusing more specifi-cally on Burkina Faso and Ghana where 85% of thebasin surface area is located.

The implementing agencies are; IUCN-BRAO,Directorate General of Water Resources (DGRE) ofBurkina Faso and Water Resources Commission(WRC) of Ghana. The project also benefits from sub-stantial in-kind contributions from the governmentsof Ghana and Burkina as well as from the West AfricaWater Partnership of the Global Water Partnership(GWP/WAWP).

PAGEV is implementing a number of activitieswith Interated Water Resource management (IWRM)focus in a pilot sub-basin in the Nakambé or WhiteVolta Basin. These include:

• Build transboundary cooperation mechanisms.This involves assembling a viable network of

partners, both in the Burkina Faso and in Ghana.Three key institutional blocks to promote trans-boundary cooperation will be: policy/advocacy,organisational, and operational (Fig. 1).

At the policy level the Burkina-Ghana JointTechnical Committee on IWRM (JTC-IWRM) wasrevitalised to provide advisory guidance to thetransboundary coordination mechanism. A workinggroup set up by the JTC-IWRM have through stake-holder consultations and participatory processes,formulated a code of conduct for the sustainablemanagement of the shared water resources of thebasin and is ready for ratification by the two coun-tries.

Two national stakeholders’ forums were establi-shed at the organisational and operational levels toserve as platform for community representatives toexchange experiences, engage in constructive andcollective deliberation, and propose workable solu-tions to issues affecting their common use of theWhite Volta resources. The forums are also beingused to promote greater interaction between com-munities and government officials from variouslevels, and for the communities to have a say in deci-sion-making in the development of the shared waterresources.

Two NGOs (one each from Burkina and Ghana)have been partnered to facilitate the horizontal lin-kages between stakeholders at the organisationaland operational levels, as well as the vertical lin-

RECONCILING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION; EXPERIENCES FROM THE VOLTA BASIN

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By Kwame Odame-Ababio - Project Coordinator, PAGEV and Alice Batiana - Specialist in Social Sciences, PAGEV

kages with the sub-basin coordination structure.From the membership of the two national forumsand the NGOs, a joint Communities’ TransboundaryCommittee has been established by PAGEV to addvalue to the conventional approach to transbounda-ry water management.

• Facilitating participation of local communities intransboundary water management

With respect to this activity, the communitieshave been brought together to agree on commonperspectives with regard to conserving the Voltawater resources through the establishment of RiverBanks Protection and National Stakeholders’Forums. Buffer zones have been established alongthe river banks and have been planted with fruittrees such as mangoes and guava, to stop erosion.Woodlots have also been developed to providealternative source of fuel wood to the communities

• The forums are also used as platforms to dissemi-nate information on appropriate farming tech-niques and to create awareness on key socio-eco-nomic issues like HIV and gender equity

• Women are encouraged to be actively participatein forum meetings

Provision of tangible benefits to communities PAGEV has included activities that will bring

direct and potential benefits to the communitiesconcerned by its action plans.

What has been learned from project implementa-tion ?• The power of community-level participation is evi-

dent when the outcomes of participation areclearly and directly linked to the improvement oflivelihood of participating communities. The sup-


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port of NGOs are playing an important role in thistask, particularly in helping marginalized commu-nity groups, such as women and the migrant far-mers who have less capacity to articulate theirdemands, especially on land issues.

• The PAGEV’s approaches to protection of the riverbanks have not as yet achieved its full cycle, butthe strategies are being promoted into the opera-tions of some institutions in Ghana. The Upper EastRegional Directorate of the Ministry of Food andAgriculture for example has introduced bufferzones creation in their farmers’ dry season crop-ping support programme for communities alongthe Volta River. High performing diesel pumps aresupplied to the farmers to enable them move fur-ther away from the river banks. Similarly, as part ofthe Natural Resources Management component ofthe Community-Based Rural Development Project(CBRDP), PAGEV’s strategies are being promoted inthe rehabilitation of some critically degradedwatersheds in Ghana.

• PAGEV has gained legitimacy through linking riverbanks conservation activities with direct and tan-gible benefits that have the potential of improvingthe livelihoods of the people. The challenge now isto strengthen the local transboundary structuresand consolidate their links with the conventionaltransboundary structure for effective managementof the shared water resources.

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A breached dam at Sakom village has been rehabilita-ted to provide water for dry season vegetable farmingand rice cultivation and, also, to provide wateringpoints for household animals and the wildlife. Hand-dug wells have been provided to

some communities to reduce walking dis-tance and time for women to fetch water.

Communities are being supported with water pumps toincrease dry season vegetable farming, while, at thesame time, planting the buffer strips with improvedvarieties of fruit trees to improve their earnings


The conservation of transboundary naturalresources is not a new idea. It goes hand-in-handwith the increasing human pressure on lands and onbiological and water resources, leading to a consi-derable decrease in the diversity of tree and animalspecies, including ecosystems and landscapes. Thisis a threat to human well-being as this biodiversityis a potential source of food, fibers, medicine andraw materials.

Drawing attention to this sad reality, IUCNDirector General declared during the WorldConference on Nature, held in Thailand inNovember 2004 that “in the 1950’s, we said thatnatural resources and biodiversity were showingsigns of serious degradation. Today, there is a host ofconclusive evidences that confirm the assumptionaccording to which world resources are being exploi-ted beyond the limits of sustainability“. Therefore,these threats to the whole biodiversity are a majorchallenge, as shown by the increasing number ofthreatened species that have been added to the redlist established by IUCN at the end of the past cen-tury.

With a view to not only include all biodiversitytargets and ecological processes maintained by dif-ferent ecosystems, but also to guard against poten-tial risks of change occurring at the global level, ithas been deemed necessary to extend conservationefforts to vaster spaces. In addition to constructingnational networks of conservation areas, it hasappeared necessary to mesh networks amongthemselves, to better take into account the uns-table, if not the migratory nature of most of thespecies that are not conscious of human-establi-

shed borders. This concern has given birth to theconcept of transboundary natural resources conser-vation.

As a factor to reduce difficulties faced with bycommunities in the frontier zones and to promotepeace, transboundary conservation is a whole newchallenge on account of the need to manage theissue in zones under two or several jurisdictions.

An example has been the case of Mauritaniaand Senegal which have decided to jointly manageresources in the delta of the Senegal River. In thisarea, the conservation mechanism evolves around atransboundary Biosphere Reserve made up of a net-work involving different end-members, including theNational Bird Reserve of Djoudi (PNOD) in Senegaland the National Park of Diawling (PND) inMauritania, which is the major entity. The close rela-tionship between the two national parks which havebeen twinned for several years is the first achieve-ment in this approach to transboundary conserva-tion.

Beyond this important site, transboundarycooperation is the basis for the West African Coastaland Marine Area Conservation Programme, and iscarried out in several ways throughout the sevencountries of the Sub-regional Fisheries Commission(CSRP). It contributes to establish governancemechanisms that structure the regional cooperation.For instance in the context of competition in theexploitation of fishery and coastal resource and withthe experience of the Mullet conservation andmanagement project implemented in Mauritania,management schemes per transboundary fisheries,

EXTENDINGNATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION BEYOND NATIONAL BORDERSBy Amadou Ba - Socio-economist, IUCN-Mauritania, Diawling National Park

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are being implemented in the CSRP countriesthrough co-management mechanisms and trans-boundary traditional fishing.


In 2006, ten years after its first filling withwater, the new form of water control over an impor-tant part of the year and its slow drop in level byevaporation, the flood-plain of the Mauritaniandelta is active again. This can be testified not only byseveral biodiversity indicators but also by the returnof populations in the zone (urban exodus), who canconduct usual activities. An economic and environ-mental assessment study carried out in 2002 and2004 on household incomes, showed that the viabi-lity of the zone is by far better than before.

In the takhredient fisher village, adjacent to themain basin of the Diawling park, populations haveresumed their activities that now last longer in theyear than before. Moreover, new activities are beingdeveloped as the result of fishing period extensionand the flood (dried fish marketing, vegetable garde-ning). Fishermen have better living standard and theyinvest in livestock production. Others build modernhouses; 10 years before the resumption of floods,the village had a sad face, a picture of a hamlet withsheds and inhabited with only old men, women andchildren. The study showed that the village has lar-ger active population with each active person havingat least two activities.

For more than six years, between 1985 and 1991,the Mauritanian floodplain, due to the needs of put-ting in place the Diama dam with an embankment of90 km, was completely cut off from water circuits(mainly ponds) that used to fill it with water. Morethan 16 000 ha of lands traditionally used by local

populations to conduct their activities (mainly fruitharvesting, fishing and livestock production) havedried.

RESTORING ECOSYSTEMS: THE INCREASE OF THE ECONOMICVALUE OF WATER AND POVERTYREDUCTIONBy Amadou Ba - Socio-economist, IUCN-Mauritania, Diawling National Park

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To restore this zone after the construction ofthe dam, there was a need to partition the plain thathas been cut off and isolated from the new waterplan into three basins in order to fill it with waterfrom the right side dike in-between the downstreamand the new water plan. Thus, it is after these deve-lopments (1993 to 1996) and after a managementplan was discussed and validated with the popula-tions that the refilling with water started from 1996.There was hence the need to imitate nature by prac-ticing artificial floods through water levels manage-ment.

Formerly, water fall used to occur quickly: thewater returned swiftly in the minor bed of the river.Due to the fact that water is available again from thisnew Diama dam, water is now available irrespectiveof seasons and drop in levels.

Better recharged aquifers due to long periodsof floods have enhanced drinking water availabilityin wells and brought about the extension of garde-ning activities at the edges of sand hills and at theborders of the flood basins, as well as the growth ofacacia trees.

With respect of the fact that it is located nearthe Senegalese town of Saint-Louis (20 minutes faraway by car), the Park managers have immediatelyrealized its potentials with regard to ecotourism(avifauna diversity and landscapes, among others).


Members gathered into the IUCN Union withthe view to contributing to behavioral change and topositively influencing decisions. Including bothStates and statutory bodies, as well as non govern-mental organizations, and with outstanding environ-mental and development experts and technicianswithin its commissions, IUCN is a unique force of itskind. By mobilizing energies from its members andcommissions towards common objectives, IUCNstands exceptional chances to achieve its goals thatcan be summed up in conservation for sustainabledevelopment and/or poverty reduction. But the factremains that capabilities are timidly explored andopportunities weakly exploited.

Members’ meeting that was held inOuagadougou from 25th to 26th January 2006 reaf-firmed their will to contribute to the implementa-tion of the 2005-2008 4-year programme. This mee-ting was preceded by the meeting jointly organizedby the Dutch Committee of IUCN members and theIUCN’s Regional Office for West Africa (23rd and 24th

January 2006) which gathered members of the“Green Actors of West Africa“ - GAWA network. Thisnetwork includes NGOs most of which benefit fromfunding from the Netherlands IUCN Committee.Some of them are members of IUCN. It highlightedthe way members can be involved in IUCN pro-grammes.

Involving members in the implementation of pro-jects and programmes

The involvement of members, for this year, isshown through several projects and programmes.• In Nigeria, the Nigerian Conservation Foundation

partners the IUCN in the implementation of theproject for the management of the KomaduguYobe Basin.

• In Ghana, it is the Forestry Research Institute ofGhana (FORG) and the Institute of Cultural Affairs(ICA-Ghana) who are the partners of IUCN for theimplementation of the Allanblackia project.

• In Guinea Bissau : Members actively participate inthe implementation of projects and programmesby the IUCN Office and within the framework ofthe Regional Coastal and Marine ConservationProgramme for West Africa – PRCM – several NGOand governmental agencies intervene at variouslevels. These include : TINIGUENA (in communityprotected areas), Centro de Investigaçao PesqueiraAplicada – CIPA – in fishery reserves, Accao Para oDesenvolviento – AD – in the Cantanez forestreserve, Centro de Estudios Ambientais eTecnologia Apropriada do Instituto Nacional deEstudios e Pesquisa - CEATA/INEP – in all thatrelates to biosphere reserve

• In Senegal, members, e.g. the AssociationSénégalaise des Amis de la Nature – ASAN – worksin close collaboration with IUCN Senegal for theimplementation of its projects.

MEMBERS ACTIVITIES: MEMBERS SINGLED OUT FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION OF IUCN’SPROGRAMME IN WEST AFRICABy François-Corneille Kêdowidé - Omega Programme Coordinator, IUCN-West Africa

1 The members’ meeting was funded by IUCN and the Dutch IUCN Committee

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Regarding the number of IUCN West Africa’s mem-bers

Besides the increasing involvement in IUCNprojects and programmes, IUCN has seen the num-ber of its members going upward and downward :Five members have been suspended for non pay-ment of their membership dues, Guinea Bissau hasbeen accepted within the IUCN family as a newmember and a national member committee hasbeen set up in Guinea Bissau. The table below des-cribes the growth in the number of members inIUCN West Africa, from 2001 to date.

It is urgent to work towards greater involve-ment of members in the programmes of the IUCN inWest Africa which will go through building theircapacities and attracting new membership fromWest African States, government agencies andNGOs. Strategies for a better exploration of capaci-ties and opportunities should be implementedconcertedly if IUCN is to remain the unique institu-tion of its kind.


IUCN has lost an outstanding collaborator, in thename of Pr. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, President of the Centred’Etudes pour le Développement Africain (CEDA)(Center of Studies for African Development), memberorganisation of IUCN since October 2000. He passedaway at the age of 84. The areas of expertise of theCentre d’Etudes pour le Développement Africain(CEDA) of which he was the President; include com-munications, indigenous peoples, scientific researchand sustainable development.

Pr. Ki-Zerbo is the author of several presentationson environment, including: La formation des paysagesagro-forestiers au Burkina Faso (the formation of agro-forestry landscapes in Burkina Faso) ; Quelle naturepour quelle humanité (What nature for what man-kind); L’environnement dans la culture africaine(Environnment in African Culture); l’éco-développe-ment est le seul développement fiable et viable (Eco-development is the only reliable and sustainabledevelopment), etc.

Pr. Ki-Zerbo attended the 50th anniversary ofIUCN in Fontainebleau in France, from 3rd to 5thNovember 1998. He chaired a session on « culturaldiversity versus globalisation» where the issue was toknow whether the globalisation process was leadingus to a culture of homogeneity. Pr. Ki-Zerbo had morethan one string to his bow: historian, University tea-cher, writer, politician and environment protector.

In the name of the big IUCN family, Mr. AiméNianogo, BRAO’s Regional Director a.i., called on thelate professor’s family to offer the sympathy of theWorld Conservation Union. May he rest in peace!

Reactions, testimonies and quotations

“ I am very sad to hear the death of this great manof science, culture and history. Ki-Zerbo has markedAfrica and the world“. Ibrahim Thiaw, IUCN ActingGeneral Director.

“Deeply “Afro-optimistic“, Pr. Ki-Zerbo hadalways invited African people to believe in themselves.Through their works, Ki Zerbo and her spouseJacqueline have contributed to move various causesforward in Africa and in West Africa : Democracy, edu-cation, women’s rights, environment protection, etc“Aimé Nianogo, Regional Director a.i., IUCN RegionalOffice for West Africa.

“I remember Pr Ki-Zerbo as I met him inFontainebleau, indeed a great man.” UrsulaHiltbrunner, Global coordinator of IUCN members

“We met the Man in 1998 at the regional meetingof IUCN members in West Africa in Dakar . We havegood memories of him: a good man, educated, aconvinced pan-africanist, concerned with the future ofour sub-region and that of Africa.” Magistrate, legalcounsel, Ministry of Environment, Republic ofGuinea.

“Our institution, Alliance-Homme-Environ-nement d'Afrique (AMEA) is deeply affected by thesudden death of Pr. Ki -Zerbo and we wish to ask theRegional Director of IUCN-BRAO to offer our truesympathy to the family of the late outstandingProfessor, and to the BRAO family and to globalIUCN.“ Dominique NSOSSO – AMEA SecretaryGeneral

“I mourned Professor Ki-Zerbo as an African scholar; I did not know about this IUCN, CEFDHACdimension. Thank you for this detail!“ Julien ONKA-GUI, Former consultant for CEFDHAC Congo-Brazzaville.

“At CEDA, we are convinced that environmentalissues and the protection of natural resources cannotand should not be dealt with separately, in the marginof development process. That is why the issue of envi-ronment is at the centre of the endogenous develop-ment that we are promoting.“. Pr. Joseph Ki-Zerbo: inCEDA’s membership application letter to IUCN.

DEATH OF PR. KI-ZERBO AN OUTSTANDING HISTORIAN AND POLITICIAN, ALSO THEPRESIDENT OF CEDA, A MEMBERORGANISATION OF IUCN

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Ten secondary school students received prizesfor their works promoting eco-citizenship

Ten students including two Senegalese receivedprizes on June 16, 2006 at Nobere (Burkina Faso), onthe occasion of the competition organized by IUCNduring the World Environment and theDesertification Control Days. The competition wereon the themes “Do not abandon dry lands“, for thepoetry and on “The beauty of deserts“, for the dra-wing. Sixty three students from 17 schools in BurkinaFaso and of Senegal including 21 girls participated inthe competition.

The winner in the poetry side has been MoussaRABDO of Burkina Faso with the work entitledCosmos of hope and, in the drawing, Antoine DJATAof Senegal with the work entitled the desert, plea-sant life. The cash prizes ranked from FCFA 200, 000(1st prize) to FCFA 40, 000 (5th prize), in addition tothe in-kind prizes including T-shirts and a guidedtour of a natural park in Burkina Faso.

The results of the competition were proclaimedin the presence of representatives of the Ministry ofEnvironment and Living Environment, of UNDP, ofthe Programme of Global Environment Facility (GEF)with the NGOs, of the Interstate Comity for DroughtControl in the Sahel (CILSS), of the environmentalNGO NATURAMA, of IUCN, of the populations andof the local decision makers. The ceremony was chaired by Mr. Laurent SEDGO,the Burkinabe Minister of Environment and of LivingEnvironment, coincided with the launching of thenational reforestation campaign. Trees have beenplanted on the occasion.

CELEBRATIONOF THE 2006 WORLDENVIRONMENT DAY AND OF THE2006 DESERTIFICATION CONTROLDAY IN BURKINA FASO

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• Managing Wetlands in Arid Regions: Lessonslearned

Edited by El Hadj M. Sene, Ibrahim Thiaw and BirguyLamizana-Diallo, 2006, IUCN, Gland, Switzerlandand Cambridge, UK. 86 pages

• Energies traditionnelles au Burkina FasoEtudes sur le bois-énergieKimsé Ouédraogo, Jacques Somda, Isabelle Tapsoba,Aimé J. NianogoUICN, Ambassade du Danemark, Ministère desMines, Carrières et Energies/DGE du Burkina Faso,Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre deVie/DG du Burkina Faso188 pages – Illustrated

• Action Plan for the Management of Elephants inthe Ziama-Wenegisi transfrontier corridorGuinea-Liberia

Compiled by Lamine Sebogo. IUCN, KFW, KeidanrenNature Conservation Fund, Species SurvivalCommission (SSC). 27 pages

• Les conventions locales de gestion des res-sources naturelles et de l’environnement –Légalité et cohérence en droit sénégalais

Laurent Granier, 2006. UICN, Droit et politique del’environnement, No 65. 44 pages

• The economic value of wild resources in SenegalA preliminary evaluation of non-timber products,game and freshwater fisheries.IUCN-Senegal, 2006, 62 pages – Illustrated

• Typologie et problématique environnementaledes zones humides de la rive gauche du Sénégal

Réseau National des Zones Humides du Sénégal(RENZOH)IUCN-Senegal. 189 pages

• Etat de la conservation des zones humides auSénégal

Réseau National des Zones Humides du Sénégal(RENZOH)IUCN-Senegal. 55 pages

• Newsletter on the Dialogue for a sustainableresource management in Niger

Haoussa version IUCN, DAS Netherlands Committee, OrganisationNigérienne pour l’Education Environnementale(ONEE). 23 pages


Djerma version IUCN, DAS Netherlands Committee, OrganisationNigérienne pour l’Education Environnementale(ONEE). 23 pages


Foulfoudé version IUCN, DAS Netherlands Committee, OrganisationNigérienne pour l’Education Environnementale(ONEE). 19 pages

• Practical guide to the attention of agents incharge of nautical surveillance of MarineProtected Areas

Louis Gérard d’Escrienne and António Araújo100 pages – Illustrated, PRCM

• Identification guide of the main shark and rayspecies of the Eastern tropical Atlantic, for thepurpose of the fishery observers and biologists

Bernard Seret, IRD and MNHN, PRCM75 pp - Illustrated

BRAO PUBLICATIONS LISTIN 2006

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LIST IN 2006BRAO MEMBERS’

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BENIN : 3

Ministère des Affairesétrangères et del’Intégration AfricaineBP 318 CotonouBénin Tél. (++229) 2130 04 00 /2130 18 70 /2130 09 29 /2130 09 06Fax. (++229) 2130 02 45E-mail : [email protected]/ [email protected] Site Internet : www.etranger.gouv.bj

Centre National de Gestiondes Réserves de Faune -CENAGREF08 B.P. 0227 CotonouBénin Tél. (++229) 2130 90 71/ 2130 72 82/2130 72 79Fax. (++229) 2130 90 72E-mail : [email protected] /[email protected]

Nature TropicaleLot 4477R - Yagbe AkpakpaCotonou 06 BP 1015 PK3BéninTél. (++229) 2133 37 73Fax. (++229) 2133 87 32E-mail : [email protected]

BURKINA FASO : 4

Ministère del'Environnement et duCadre de vie03 B.P. 7044Ouagadougou 03Burkina FasoTel: (++226) 5030 77 51 /5032 40 74Fax. (++226) 5032 40 75

Association nationale d'action rurale (ANAR)01 B.P. 2314 Ouagadougou Burkina FasoTel. (++226) 5030 32 53Fax. (++226) 5030 32 53E-mail : [email protected]

Fondation des Amis de laNature (NATURAMA)01 BP 6133Ouagadougou 01Burkina FasoTel. (++226) 5037 32 40 / 5037 32 62Fax. (++226) 5037 28 86E-mail: [email protected]/ [email protected]

Centre d’Etudes pour leDéveloppement Africain(CEDA)01 B.P.606Ouagadougou 01Burkina FasoTel. (++226) 5031 57 79 Fax. (++226) 5031 72 05E-mail : [email protected]

COTE D'IVOIRE : 2

Réseau pourl'Environnement et leDéveloppement Durable enAfrique REDDA24 BP 95 Guichet AnnexeBAD - Abidjan Côte d’IvoireTél. (++225) 2020 54 19 Fax. (++225) 2020 59 22E-mail :[email protected] /[email protected] Site Internet :www.nesda.kabissa.org

Ministère d’Etat, ministèredes Affaires étrangères Plateau, Bloc Ministériel, BP V 163 - AbidjanCôte d’IvoireTél. (++225) 2022 71 50 / 2022 71 26Fax. (++225) 2033 23 08

GAMBIA : 1

Ministry of Fisheries,Natural Resources and environmentState House5, Marina ParadeBanjulGambiaTél. (++220) 22 75 48Fax. (++220) 22 39 87

GHANA : 5

Forestry CommissionPO Box M434Accra GhanaTel. (++233) (21) 221 315 / 664 654 / 662 360Fax. (++ 233) (21) 220 818 /66 476E-mail: [email protected]

Environmental ProtectionAssociation of Ghana(EPAG)Project ManagerAsawasiP.O.Box AS 32Kumasi GhanaTel. (++233) (51) 29950 / 027 88 36 37Fax: (++233) (51) 29537E.mail:[email protected] Internet: http://epag.virtualactivism.org

Green Earth Organization(GEO)PO Box AN 16641Accra North GhanaTel. (++233) (21) 232-762Fax. (++233) (21) 230-455E-mail: [email protected] Website:www.greenearth.org.gh

Forestry Research Instituteof Ghana (FORIG)University PO Box 63KumasiAshanti Ghana Tel. (++233) (51) 60123Fax. (++233) (51) 60121Email: [email protected]:http://www.forig.org/forig/history.html

Institute of Cultural Affairs- Ghana (ICA-Ghana) P.O BOX: OS 2060 osuAccraGhanaTel/Fax. (++233) 2122 1343 E.mail:[email protected]

GUINEA : 1

Ministère del'EnvironnementDirection Nationale de laProtection de la nature B.P.761Conakry GuinéeTel: ++224 46 78 79 E.mail :[email protected]

GUINEA-BISSAU : 7

Ministère des AffairesEtrangères et de laCoopération Internationale P.O. Box 3BissauGuinea-Bissau Tel. (++245) 20 27 52 / 20 37 64

Centro de InvestigaçaoPesqueira Aplicada (CIPA) Avenida Amilcar CabralC.P. 102Bissau Guinea-BissauTel. (++245) 20 42 11E.mail : [email protected]

TINIGUENA (This Land isOurs)Bairro de BelemB.P. 667Bissau Guinea-BissauTel. (++245) 251-906/7Fax. (++245) 251-906E.mail :[email protected]

Bureau de PlanificationCôtière (Gabinete dePlanificaçao Costeira –GPC)Bissau BP 23 1031Guinea-BissauTel. (++245) 255 164Fax. (++245) 201 168E.mail :[email protected]

Centro de EstudiosAmbientais e TecnologiaApropriada do InstitutoNacional de Estudios ePesquisa (CEATA/INEP) Complexo Escular 14NovembroBissau - 112Guinea -Bissau Tel. (++245) 251-867/8Fax. (++245) 251-125E.mail:[email protected]

Accao Para oDesenvolvimento (AD) Apartado 606BissauGuinea-Bissau Tel. (++245) 251-365Fax. (++245) 251-365E.mail: [email protected]


Direction Générale desForêts et de la chasse(Direcção Geral dasFlorestas e Caça)(GA/24847)Ex-QG N° 71Fax. (++224) 52 22 [email protected] /[email protected]

MALI : 6

Ministère del'Environnement et del’Assainissement B.P. 1634Bamako MaliTel. (++223) 229 5168 / 229 51 72Fax. (++223) 229-51 70

Association Malienne pourla Conservation de la Fauneet de son Environnement(AMCFE)B.P.2921Bamako MaliTel. (++223) 223 5179Mobile. (++223) 671 8233E.mail :[email protected]

Groupe d'AppuiEnvironnemental / WALIAB.P. 215Mopti MaliTel. (++223) 636 87 15 / (++223) 601 51 83Email : [email protected] /[email protected]

Groupe de recherches etd'applications techniques(GRAT)B.P. 2502Bamako MaliTel/fax. (++223) 221 43 41E.mail : [email protected]

ONG DONKO – La promo-tion du Savoir TraditionnelRue 524, porte 43QuinzambougouBPE 114BamakoMaliTél/fax. (++ 223) 221 38 81Mobile. (++ 223) 671 97 01Email : [email protected]

IADS – Initiative Actionpour le Développement auSahelACI Baco DjicoroniBPE 2995 - BamakoMaliTél. (++ 223) 676 39 49E.mail : [email protected]

MAURITANIA : 3

Association pour la protec-tion de l’environnement etl’action humanitaire(APEAH)Khairan, Rue 19 j2 12 étageNouadhibouDakhlet Nouadhibou 356Mauritanie Tel. (++222) 574-5087 Email : [email protected]

Direction del'Environnement et del'Aménagement RuralB.P. 170Nouakchott MauritanieTel. (++222) 529 01 15 / (++222) 525 83 86Fax: (++222) 525 83 86

Club des Amis de la Natureet de la Protection del'EnvironnementB.P. 1972Nouakchott MauritanieTel. (++222) 529 08 17 /(++222) 529 26 98Fax. (++222) 525-6421E-mail [email protected]

NIGER : 1

Ministère des AffairesEtrangères et del’Intégration africaineNiamey 396NIGERTel. (++227) 722-149Fax. (++227) 735-231

NIGERIA : 3

Nigerian ConservationFoundation (NCF)PO Box 74638Lagos, Victoria Island NIGERIATel. (++234) (1) 264-2498(++234) 802 3312420Fax. (++234) (1) 264-2497E-mail: [email protected]. OBOTTel.. (++234) 1 4746375Mobile. (++234) 8023312420

Nigerian EnvironmentalStudy Action Team (NEST)PO Box 22025AbujaNIGERIAE.mail: [email protected] / [email protected] [email protected]. (++234) (2) 810-5167 /803 345 6023(++234) (09) 67035 /70Fax. (++234) (2) 810-2644E-mail: [email protected]

Savannah ConservationNigeria (SNC)PO Box 2266KadunaNIGERIATel. (++234) (62) 217-965E-mail: [email protected] /[email protected]

SENEGAL : 4

Ministère del'Environnement et de laProtection de la NatureBP 4055Dakar - SENEGALTel. (++221) 889 0234 / 889 0233Fax. (++221) 823-5558 / 8222180E-mail :[email protected] Site: http://www.environnement.gouv.sn

Association Sénégalaise desAmis de la Nature (ASAN)BP 12966, Dakar, ColobaneDakar - SENEGALTel. (++221) 569 4331Fax. (++221) 824-9246Email : [email protected]

ENDA-Tiers Monde5, rue KléberDakar - SENEGALTel. (++221) 822 4229/842 8250Fax. (++221) 826 - 2695E-mail : [email protected] Site Internet:http://www.enda.sn

Centre de Suivi EcologiqueRue Léon Gontran DamasFann RésidenceBP 15532, Dakar-FannTél. (++221) 825 8066/67Fax. (++221) 825 8168Email : [email protected] Site Internet :http://www.cse.sn

SIERRA LEONE : 1

Environmental Foundationfor Africa (EFA)PMB 34FREETOWN PENINSULASIERRA LEONETel. (++232) 766 11410 Mobile. (++232) 766 84832(Director - Personal - TommyGarnett) (++ 232) 766 23459 (AdminOfficer - Jeneba Sesay)E-mail:[email protected] [email protected]@hotmail.com Website:http://www.efasl.org.uk

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FINANCIAL REPORT

IUCNFOR 2006

Source of funds spent in 2006

The overall expenditures of the region amount to 5.15 million euros, which is down by 11% compared withthe figures of last year. The most significant contribution still comes from the Netherlands while thecontribution from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency has, proportionally,

more than doubled.

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Expenditures breakdown per office

Funds allocated to the regional office and IUCN-Senegal in the overall expenditures of the region have slightly decreased to the benefit of the offices in Burkina Faso and Mali.

The Regional Office gathers projects with a regional coverage or activities concerning countries where IUCN has no office such as Ghana and Nigeria.

Multilateral 7%WANI 7%

CITES 3%

MAVA 6%

The Netherlands 35%

EU 2%FIBA 3%

Switzerland 3%

World Bank 4%

Sweden 13%

UNEP 2%

FC Ghana 4%

Various 11%

Senegal 13%

Regional Office 43%

Burkina Faso 9%Guinea Bissau 4%

Mali 9%

Mauritania 21%

Niger 1%


IUCN OFFICES IN WEST AFRICA

IUCN – Regional Office for West Africa01 B.P. 1618 Ouagadougou 01 – Burkina FasoTel. (+226) 5032 8500Fax: (+226) 5030 75 61E-mail. [email protected]/places/brao

IUCN – Burkina Faso01 B.P. 3133 Ouagadougou 01 Tel. (+226) 5031 3154Fax. (+226) 5030 75 61E-mail. [email protected]

IUCN – Guinea BissauApartado 23, Bissau 1031Tel. (+245) 201230Fax. (+245) 201168E-mail. [email protected]

IUCN – MaliB.P. 1567 - BamakoTel. (+223) 222 7572Fax. (+223) 223 0092E-mail. [email protected]

IUCN – MauritaniaB.P. 4167 NouakchottTel. (+222) 525 1276Fax. (+222) 525 1267E-mail. [email protected]

IUCN – NigerB.P. 10933 - NiameyTel. (+227) 20 72 4005 Fax. (+227) 20 72 2405E-mail: [email protected]

IUCN – SenegalB.P. 3215 - DakarTel. (+221) 869 0280Fax. (+221) 824 9246E-mail. [email protected]

IUCN – Komadugu Yobe Basin Project (Nigeria)Private mail bag 3139, KanoTel. (+234) 64 635 778 Fax. (+234) 64 648 279E-mail. [email protected]

Project Office IUCN-Ghanac/o FSD - P. O. Box 527 Accra - Ghana Tel. (+233) 24 6996552 / (+233) 20 8212486 Fax. (+233) 21 772728 E-mail. [email protected]

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