IUPAC Nomenclature

Organic Compounds

of

Carbon has 4 valance electrons and makes four bonds

Carbon combines with many other carbon atoms making chains and rings which other atoms can be attached.

In Chemistry, an organic compound is one containing carbon atoms.

There are a plethora of different organic compounds in our world.

C

C-C

C-C-C

C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C-C-C

Naming Alkane Hydrocarbons

methane

ethane

propane

butane

pentane

hexane

heptane

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

octane

nonane

decane

undecane

dodecane

Alkyl Groups Attached to Chain

methyl

ethyl

propyl

butyl

CH3

CH2CH2 CH3

CH2 CH3

CH2CH2 CH3CH2

Naming Alkanes- hydrocarbons with single bonds

C C C CC

C

C C

C

The longest chain is octane

The substituents are

methyl

ethyl

C

methyl

ethyl

Number the carbons on the longest chain so

that substituents have the lowest numbers

7 6 5 4

3 2 1

Name using alpha order for substituents

4-ethyl -3-methyl octane

Dashes between a number and a letter

C8

12 3 4 5

too big

start here

6

attachments

C C C C

C

C

C

C1

2

34 5 6

3,3-dimethylhexane

Must use 3 twice because there are 2 methyl groups

methylmethyl

C4H10 has two structural isomers:

CCH3 CH3

CH3

H

CH2CH3 CH2 CH3

The isomers have different connectivity and are different chemicals

Try drawing a different isomer with four carbons

There are no other isomers

Same formula but different structure

The alkane, C5H12 , has three structural isomers.

Try to build three different molecules with 5 carbons and 12 hydrogens (using only single bonds), then draw it.

C5H12 has the following three structural isomers:

CCH3 CH2

CH3

H

CH3

CH2CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

CCH3 CH3

CH3

CH3

Practice Questions

C C CC

Question 1: What is the correct IUPAC name?

C C CC

Question 1: What is the correct IUPAC name?

Answer: butane

CH2CH3

Question 2: What is the correct IUPAC name?

CH3

CH2CH3

Question 2: What is the correct IUPAC name?

Answer: propane

CH3

What is the correct IUPAC name?

C C C

C

C

C

2, 2-dimethylbutane

CCH3

Question 4: What is the correct IUPAC name?

CH2

CH3

CH2CH3

CH CH2 CH3

CH2 CH2 CH3

CCH3

Question 4: What is the correct IUPAC name?

CH2

CH3

CH2CH3

CH CH2 CH3

CH2 CH2 CH3

3,3–dimethyl-5-ethyloctane

3 5

CHCH3 CH2

CH3

CH32

Draw the structural formula for 2-methylbutane

CH2CH3 CH CH3

CH3

2

or