IV Summit of the Americas
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
Hemispheric Private Sector Forum
“Delivering the Benefits of Democracy through Job Creation: The Role of the Private Sector”
Buenos Aires, Argentina November 2, 2005
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Content
I- Introduction………………………………………………………………….. II- Recommendations from the Caribbean.…………………………………… III- Recommendations from Central America, Dominican Republic and
Panama…………………………………………………………………………
IV- Recomendations from the Southern Cone.…………………………………..
V- Recommendations from North America……………………………………..
VI- Recommendations from the Andean Region………………………………..
VII- Anexes………………………………………………………………………….
1. List of Caribbean organizations consulted as part of this report............. 2. List of organizations from Central America, Panama and the Dominican
Republic ……………………………………………………………………..
3. List of organizations from the Southern Cone……………………………
4. List of organizations from the Andean Region………….………………..
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Introduction In preparation for the Hemispheric Private Sector Forum and the IV Summit of the Americas, consultations took place with private sector organizations with the objective of making the views and contributions of the Caribbean, Central American, Southern Cone, North American and Andean private sectors known in these fora with respect to “Delivering the Benefits of Democracy Through Job Creation: The Role of the Private Sector.” The Private Sector Forum is the continuation of the First OAS Private Sector Forum, which took place in Fort Lauderdale on the occasion of the XXXV OAS General Assembly. Its objective is to explore and assess public-private sector initiatives and strategies to promote job creation, with a view to assisting member countries deliver the benefits of democracy. These recommendations are the first step towards the establishment of a permanent dialogue with OAS Member States. The dialogue will continue in the future to ensure broad participation from the private sector in the Americas. The recommendations contained in this compilation focus on the most part on the following three aspects: 1) Job Creation: The Role of Education and Technological Innovation; 2) Job Creation: The Role of Governance and Transparency; y 3) Job Creation: The Role of Trade, Investment, and Infrastructure Development.
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THE CARIBBEAN ASSOCIATION OF
INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE (INC.)
REPORT
Contributions by the Caribbean to the Private Sector Forum
“Delivering the Benefits of Democracy through Job Creation: the
Businessmen’s Role” Coordinator: Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce (CAIC) City, Country: Port-of-Spain, Trinidad Date: October 14, 2005
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In an effort to have business sector contribute ideas and initiatives with a view to achieving the goals of development in the Hemisphere, representatives from the private sector and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Argentina, as the IV Summit of the Americas host country, jointly with the OAS General Secretariat, has organized the Private Sector Forum entitled “Delivering the Benefits through Job Creation.” To ensure the views of the Caribbean private sector are represented in the Private Sector Forum, the Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce (CAIC) was selected to act as the Coordinator of the contributions the Caribbean business associations. In coordinating this exercise CAIC has opted to use questionnaires to harness the views of the Caribbean private sector. Questionnaires were sent to 110 Caribbean private sector organizations in Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Vincent ant the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. The following is the Report on the contributions of the Caribbean Private Sector. Summary of the Discussion on Item 1: Creation of Jobs: The role played by education and technological innovation
a) A number of successful policies were developed and implemented by the organizations to assist in the creation of jobs through education and technological innovation. Some examples of these implementations were holding seminars and workshops on solving problems, creating two new committees within the organization, namely a Business Education Committee and a Business Development Committee of Programmes. Programs including an annual business development seminar, regular “business roundtable discussions” to discuss issues, business plan review sessions and business monitoring. One organization hired a foreign consultant to train “on the job” trainees. SMEs were supported by having a permanent member on the Board of Small Business Development Company successfully implemented. Another organization successfully implemented a Junior Achievement Programme which teaches youth entrepreneurship in businesses that have relevance to modern economies.
To assist in creating jobs through the role of education and technological innovation, organizations identified some proposals. These proposals were, to help revise curricula so as to recognize talents other than academic talents as career possibilities, continue assisting and strengthening SMEs through Information Technologies, further development of incubator programs for business development, creation of a private investor network (PIN) to provide greater opportunities for venture financing, deliver more seminars on actual case studies, create an avenue where public and private sector can meet prior to decisions taken by heads of states meetings, so that discussions could reflect the interest of the private sector needs.
b) Some private and public-private initiatives recommended were that private sector
organizations need to be more involved at the policy decision making level rather than at
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implementation level, a national public-private partnership specifically mandated to entrance competitiveness in technological and vocational education. More dialogue and concentration between government and private sector to establish policies and incentives to sustain SMEs. The creation of National Inclusive Curriculum Development bodies. Privatizing many parts of governments’ portfolios and the use of students in National Projects and relevant internship programmes and Private Sector sponsorship in Sports and Arts programmes.
c) Priority initiatives identified were:
1. There was a major need within the region for improving the level of computer
literacy and competence. This need is constantly stressed by employers and is a vital element to future competitiveness. - A computer literacy and certification programme is set to be launched by the PPP within the Bahamas in collaboration with the local Technical and Vocational Institute. The programme chosen is the “ IC³ ” created by Certiport. Some possible financing modality for initiatives identified are, the IDB for a loan facility toward research and partial implementation, Government through organizing and coordinating, BAS as a teacher training and the Private Sector for unlimited potential and in-kind.
2. The flow of information between the different private sector organizations should be considered. - Models that yield success should be used. - Adopt part of them within the respective island. Financing for this initiative can be provided from Donor Countries, EDF, IDB, World Bank and an effort can be made to establish public-private funding.
3. Curriculum development
- Review current stakeholder participation - Determine future economic needs - Determine gaps in curricula - Determine desired stakeholders to improve curricula - Design improved Curriculum Development Committee Financing can come from the National Budget, Private Sector Sponsorship, Donor sponsorship, CDB and Multilateral organizations.
Summary of the discussions on Item 2: Creation of Jobs: The role played by transparency and governance
a) Initiatives which were successfully developed to assist in solving transparency and governance were, monthly meetings with government and the posting of information on the organization’s website, in the Bahamas the Chamber of Commerce created several groups, namely, a Chamber committee which dealt with Public Policy and Legislation, a Bahamas Quality Council and a Civil Society Bahamas. Other
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initiatives included the creation of policies to sustain the economy and have a fair spread of growth.
In order to assist in solving the problem of transparency and governance the organizations suggested, the promotion of SMEs and joint ventures, continue to be a leader in the multipartite Forum, a watchdog for good governance practices including formation of policy and business regulation. One organization suggested that they can assist by increasing awareness of corporate governance issues and greater advocacy. These can be done through studies, surveys and seminars.
b) Some recommended private and public-private initiatives to solve the problem of
transparency and governance included the creation of an institutional framework to facilitate dialogue between the private sector and the public sector, proposed recommendations included a “Think Tank” and the establishment of a commission which would include all sectors including civil society. There was emphasis on the need for the private sector to be actively involved in government processes such as procurement, the granting of concessions and the need to rational the processes of concessions.
c) There was a general consensus by all organizations of the need for dialogue and
consultation with the government, initiatives identified included:
• The reviewing of government procurement processes by determining and correcting inherent flows, legislate internationally accepted procedures, create an improved Tender Board to oversee procurement and have an equitable distribution of contract opportunities. Funding for this initiative can come from the government and donor assistance.
• Having unhindered access to government information. Summary of the discussions on Item 3: Creation of Jobs: The role played by trade, investment, and infrastructure development.
a) Successful initiatives developed by organizations in solving the creation of jobs through the role played by trade, investment and infrastructure development included engaging government to broker a joint effort in improving physical infrastructure in a commercial district. Some of these organizations are participants on various committees, which advised and implemented the distribution of Funds (EDF) by investing on underground cabling and the proper distribution of water supply, conducting annual globalization conferences, performing trade liberalization studies, tax and legislation reform and holding public reform seminars.
Organizations suggested that assistance could be made through consultations such as the identification of feasible partnerships between local and foreign investors, increasing the availability of accurate and relevant statistics for industry expansion or
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new business development. Hosting frequent trade shows and trade missions to new emerging markets, such as China, India and South America.
b) Recommendations made by organizations were that government may provide initial concessions whilst the private sector may supply venture capital financing for the establishment of new industries or service companies, larger private companies may provide management and marketing expertise to help small and medium business growth and the hosting of trade shows and missions.
c) Relative to the initiative of trade shows and missions the main steps involved would
be the partnership between government ministries, private sector organizations and any other relevant association on foreign business missions. Possible financing for this initiative comprised of private sector funding and government grants.
Another initiative identified was SME support, the steps involved was the joint venture between large companies and SMEs, large companies introduces superior management and marketing techniques to SMEs. SMEs will grow in annual financial turnover at the expense of total ownership, hence creating jobs. Private sector would finance this initiative through the injection of finances as well as provision of technical assistance.
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Original: Spanish (translation pending revision)
PRIVATE SECTOR OF THE AMERICAS Subregion: Central America, Dominican Republic
and Panama
Appointed Coordinator:
Enrique Arturo de Obarrio President
Panamanian Association of Business Executives (APEDE)
Delivering the Benefits of Democracy through Job Creation:
the Role of the Private Sector
Hemispheric Private Sector Forum Buenos Aires, Argentina
November 2, 2005
IV Summit of the Americas Mar del Plata, Argentina
November 4-6 2005
Report by:
Keynor Ruiz Mejías Jorge Nowalski Rowinski
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Summary This document deals with the concern and growing discontent resulting from the fact that economic reforms have not delivered the benefits of democracy. Some of those benefits may be summed up as faster economic growth, poverty reduction, better quality of employment and a reduction in inequality. In this regard, the governments of our countries have achieved very little, so the strong belief remains that a solid private sector and dynamic private companies can have an impact on employment generation, poverty reduction and the improvement of living standards, through initiatives combining individual efforts and encouraging countries to review their political agendas. Such efforts should be framed within a development strategy for the countries, so that the initiatives will not depend on political cycles and may transcend individual incumbent governments. The contribution by the business executives from Central America, the Dominican Republic and Panama is centered on the discussion of employment generation on the basis of three areas which are considered key, among many other important ones: - The role of education and technological innovation. - The role of transparency and governance. - The role of trade, investment and infrastructure development. For each of these areas, a number of recommended and priority initiatives are presented, after which the initiatives regarded as priorities are explained in order to describe in more detail the way to implement them. 1. Theme 1. Job Creation: the role of education and technological innovation Innovation processes in companies are the result of the ability to internalize knowledge, adapt it and create new knowledge. In light of this need, businesspeople have become aware of the importance of investing in education and training for their personnel, which leads to significant increases in the productivity of human resources. The liberalization of markets and the increase in competitiveness have evidenced the need for companies to innovate, for which it becomes more and more important to improve the capacities and competencies of the personnel of companies. This has been the main catalyst for certain sectors –some more than others- to identify investment in human resource training and further training as key. However, the foundation of this individual effort by companies lies in an educational system that will help train the ability to learn (learning to think), which will be more dynamic in terms of identifying in a timely manner needs for change, and with new training consistent with new occupations. The crux of the matter is the gap existing between the academic offer and the demand for labor competencies.
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Consequently, with investment in education being a mechanism to improve the employability of the population, the participation of businesspeople in relevant education to satisfy the real labor demand in a manner consistent with technological processes is essential. 1.1 Initiatives recommended as a contribution to solving the problem a. Promoting the adaptation of primary, high school and university education to actual
present and future needs. Each level should impart basic concepts effectively, so that the higher levels can carry on with the training rather than have to deal with the deficiencies of a previous level.
b. Strengthening technical education, so that there is a better match between the jobs in
demand in the business sector and the supply of human resources being trained in the educational system.
c. Encouraging the participation of business, workers and the Ministry of Education in a
Higher Council for Education, whose responsibilities should include the following, among others:
- Identifying and defining priority courses of study, both at university and technical
level as well as in the field of unskilled trades. - Defining priority content and attributes to be incorporated into school education
(values, analytical skills, initiative, creativity; communication, assertiveness, association, entrepreneurship, etc.).
d. Strengthening the mechanisms for certification of competencies, in order to enable
workers to see their skills recognized and thus contribute to improving employability. e. Strengthening both general as well as specialized labor exchanges, which should serve
not only as a means for matching supply and demand, but which should also become reference organizations for training centers, on the basis of basic profiles and the needs of companies.
f. Striving to ensure that professional training systems have greater impact as far as
development poles are concerned, so as to respond to training needs taking into consideration the dynamics of the different regions of each country. In this regard, it is essential to direct financing towards the demand for training, not towards the supply.
g. Addressing the fundamental need to have an effective labor policy in each country. h. Taking steps to improve the competencies of teaching staff in terms of both attitude and
skills. Teachers and professors should aim at facilitating innovation and motivating enterprising spirits, with the support of improved academic standards and values.
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- Businesspeople should have a position on the Commission establishing the guidelines for the educational updating strategy.
i. Taking steps to prevent the hiring of educators from being subject to political favor
considerations and to ensure that it is consistent with the needs of the educational system, as part of a training framework aimed at developing learning skills.
j. Including, in educational guides, the teaching of criteria relating to productivity, work
culture, the use of applied technologies and other aspects related to the world of work. k. Seeking an improvement in the profile of teachers, based on critical requirements like a
vocation for teaching, good expression skills, academic standards, initiative, leadership and high moral values..
l. Encouraging a (business) union culture that quickly and effectively addresses the actual
needs faced by those directly concerned, so that unions will be more proactive and less reactive.
m. To encourage and help educational and professional training systems to improve their use
of information and communication technologies for better adaptation to the current requirements of productive sectors.
1.2 Priority initiative and main steps for implementation a. Initiative: encouraging the participation of business, workers and the Ministry of
Education in a Higher Council for Education, so as to contribute to a match between the academic offer and the training needs in the productive sectors.
b. Main steps for implementation: Should there be such a Council in the country, the
involvement of the different players (business and workers) should be expanded so that, within a tripartite Council, it is possible to shape educational training in a manner consistent with the needs of the country. Should there not be such a Council, it would be necessary to create it, for which purpose the countries that do already have a Council may be used as an example.
c. Strategic alliances: boosting government programs aimed at coordinating national
education, taking into account the real demand within the private sector. d. Work with other groups: there is a need to enhance the dynamism of worker
organizations and Ministries of Education, so that the Council may serve as the top level from which guidelines for national education policies emerge .
e. Support from government institutions: Ministry of Education and other government
initiatives aimed at training and technical training of the labor force.
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2. Theme 2. Job Creation: the role of transparency and governance. There is an essential, undeniable and fundamental link between transparency on the one hand and governance and employment generation on the other. Employment generation depends, to a great extent, on an appropriate atmosphere of stability and trust between the players. Only on the basis of conditions like those can investment (both foreign and local) take place, with a consequent impact on the increase in the demand for new jobs. Transparency enables, among other things, a critical assessment of investments made by the State, and calls for clearer accounts, with a view to improving efficiency. Stability and trust develop through clear rules, legal security, the action of all parties to maintain a democratic institutional system in which differences exist but in which the legal framework and institutionalism give cohesion to the system, ensuring governance. This creates an environment that is favorable to investment and, consequently, to employment. However, it should be made clear that transparency and the generation of an atmosphere of greater trust between players is not solved only through more laws. Ethics in the tasks and functions performed is not achieved by means of coercion, but rather should be a concern present in all training stages of an individual. 2.1 Initiatives recommended as a contribution to solving the problem a. It is necessary to demand accountability within the institutions whose decisions have an
impact on the national reality of countries. There must be constant surveillance of compliance with legislation providing for accountability and transparency. An accountability system is a great step for the transparency of the actions of those who are in charge of running our countries.
b. Encouraging the creation of transparent management systems in government procedures,
so as to streamline processes and minimize the problem of the discretionality and subjectivity of civil servants when processing permits and carrying out other bureaucratic procedures, a matter which is regarded as a hindrance to local and foreign investment. Work should be based on the concept of “integrity islands”, in order to work on specific cases in government agencies and contribute to knowledge with regard to the feasibility of transparency programs.
c. Applying for funds available from multilateral agencies for modernization of government
administration and proposing critical structural reforms. d. Encouraging codes of conduct in companies to allow for differential treatment of product
or service offers in public biddings, which should be accompanied by steps to promote the exchange of good practices.
e. Developing social audit programs from the business sector, to audit and follow up
processes for the contracting of public works.
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f. Taking steps to encourage the inclusion of professional ethics courses in the curricula of
all courses of study (including technical ones), as well as in primary and high school education.
g. Permanently educating constituents for them to have greater participation in the day-to-
day life of the country and for them to take advantage of participation mechanisms in addition to voting, as the case may be.
h. Requesting participation in the different decision-making bodies, where actions have an
impact on the dynamics of the country’s productive sectors. i. Advocating stronger municipalities, not only by exerting influence on decentralization
processes but also by enhancing local capacities for the detection of development opportunities, taking into account the particular circumstances of each country.
j. Encouraging dialogue between companies and local governments, so that the needs and
actions of both sides may rely on the availability of a valid interlocutor in local development processes.
k. Taking steps with a view to the training of officials in dialogue and negotiation, which
has an impact on the level of confidence and credibility of the players. l. To encourage bipartite dialogue (between businesspeople and workers) with a view to
achieving transparency in information for decision-making purposes and in order to develop confidence in the actions undertaken..
2.2 Priority initiative on transparency and main steps for implementation a. Initiative: encouraging codes of conduct in companies, with a view to differential
treatment of the offer of products or services in public biddings, in addition to promoting the exchange of good practices and promoting institutional strategies among business unions, with a view to improving the social audit capacity.
b. Main steps for implementation: unions should have an expert supporting them in the
formulation of a code of conduct and ethics for companies, as well as in the design of monitoring and audit systems. Based on that, a dissemination and training process directed towards companies not having such a code should begin. It is also necessary to seek recognition for companies that do have and apply the code, by taking them into consideration in public procurement
c. Strategic alliances: it is undoubtedly of vital importance to have the support of an
organization like ILO, in order for the codes to have a national as well as international benchmark.
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d. Work with other groups: the participation of organizations grouping businesspeople in each of the countries should be enhanced.
e. Support from government institutions: the State should take into consideration the
code of every company in public procurement processes. 2.3 Priority initiative on governance and main steps for implementation a. Initiative: advocating stronger municipalities, not only by exerting influence on
decentralization processes, but also by boosting local capacities to detect development poles, taking into account the particular circumstances of each country.
b. Main steps for implementation: local government officials should receive training, in
order to avoid improvisation in the decision-making process. Greater dynamics need to be instilled into the transfer of resources, so as to prevent actions from being so influenced by the short-term view.
c. Strategic alliances: the support of government institutions related to municipal advisory
and promotion services is required, as well as the support of organizations grouping local governments.
d. Work with other groups: the processes for communication and transfer of knowledge
between different local governments should be enhanced, so as to capitalize on successful experiences. It is also necessary for the business sectors to contribute support in the transfer of knowledge with regard to good practices in organization and management.
3. Theme 3: Job Creation: the role of trade, investment and infrastructure
development Trade liberalization processes and the promotion of rapid and efficient commercial exchanges are within the framework of a national development strategy to enhance the supply of exportable products and services which complements the import of inputs required for a greater dynamization of our economies. This does not only influence the economic development of the country but also the productive dynamics, creating new jobs and linkages, which leads to the development of new productive activities or to the growth of other activities which had been relegated. In this regard, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the most substantial part of the business structure of our countries, requires greater promotion, clear signals and access to key information enabling the right decisions to be made with regard to the direction of the country’s productive structure, with trust among the components of the productive system being a catalyst for complementarity between the different activities carried out in our countries. Furthermore, infrastructure development is one of the main factors in attracting new investments and, principally, in the geographical decentralization of such investments, enabling the
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development of areas and regions traditionally disconnected from the economic growth of countries, which has historically focused on large cities. Infrastructure may grow by means of public investment, whose resources originate in taxes, which do not weigh so heavily on societies when translated into key projects; or by means of concessions or contracting, which in the long term represents a greater benefit for infrastructure, it being a necessary condition for the latter mechanism to have appropriate legal security and competitive fiscal and tax treatment at the international level . 3.1 Initiatives recommended as a contribution to solving the problem a. Associations and business unions should take stock of the needs by economic sector, so
that, through business organizations, they may present potential focal points for strategic public investment in order to further the commercial and economic development of each economic sector and in order for this in turn to boos the development of countries.
b. Private business in each country should lead the process to reach definitions and a
consensus-based proposal for the national development strategy. c. Reaching consensus and synergies between the different associations or unions and
government institutions whose objective is the promotion of trade, investment and infrastructure development.
d. Steps should be taken to standardize the procedures for creation of companies in all of the
region’s countries, so that formalities do not become an almost insurmountable hurdle for the creation of new companies.
e. Achieving influence and representativity in different areas (entities) whose decisions have
an impact on the performance of the productive system of each of the countries. f. Strengthen the union culture among business people, encouraging group action rather
than small isolated initiatives. g. Strengthening a framework of competition, with informed consumers mindful of their
rights and who are also a reference source for quality h. Promoting strategic alliances with foreign companies in order to consolidate greater
productive stability for the country and boost new investment opportunities. i. Improving the use of the foreign service of each country in order to attract investments
and promote domestic production activities. j. Organizing promotion missions for the country/region, not only as promotion visits but
also as invitations to visit our countries. k. Strengthening the credibility of concession processes for public works, in order for this to
become a true option for infrastructure development, particularly in the short term.
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l. Strengthening the activity and use of stock exchanges. m. Encouraging the building of venture capital, so that there is a minimum capital base to
encourage the development of innovative ideas and strengthen business initiatives which are not developed as a result of them not being eligible for traditional financing.
n. Promoting the use of alternative energies and means of transport in order to take
advantage of own energy sources and take off some of the pressure from the demand for imported energy sources.
3.2 Priority initiative and main steps for implementation a. Priority initiative. Private business in each country should organize and lead the process
for defining and reaching a consensus-based proposal for the national development strategy..
b. Main steps for implementation. It is first necessary to define the kind of country aimed
at. It will then be necessary to identify and evaluate obstacles to development, at the institutional, cultural, economic and legal level. Finally, a realistic schedule should be drawn up in order to get closer to a National Development Plan involving a State policy that is sustained over time and is pursued by any individual incumbent political party or alliance in charge of the administration of the State.
d. Strategic alliances: The “union culture” must be strengthened among businesspeople,
encouraging their action as a single group. c. Work with other groups: alternative paths are envisaged, one of them being to seek the
consensus of the private sector and then to incorporate the government, the other one directly to seek the general consensus of the country, including the government.
3.3 Priority initiative on investment and main steps for implementation a. Initiative: encouraging the building of venture capital, so that there is a minimum capital
base to encourage the development of innovative ideas and strengthen business initiatives which are not developed as a result of them not being eligible for traditional financing.
b. Main steps for implementation: it is necessary for financial institutions to consider
allocating a percentage of their profits to funding this venture capital, like a development bank. On the other hand, there should also be support from the business sector, which should be willing to support initiatives through financing. Of course this capital should receive some special fiscal treatment for those making the contributions.
c. Strategic alliances: business sector and financial institutions.
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d. Work with other groups: the basic principle of the venture capital considered is the possibility of promoting the creation of new projects.
3.4 Priority initiative on infrastructure and main steps for implementation a. Initiative: to strengthen credibility in concession processes for public works, in order for
this to become a true option for development of the necessary infrastructure. b. Main steps for implementation: Good legislation is required to speed up the processes.
Legal security is also essential inn order to avoid contract changes. c. Strategic alliances: alliances between national and foreign companies.
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Available only in Spanish
Recomendaciones Del
Cono Sur
Coordinador: Cámara Argentina de Comercio
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El desafío de América Latina es crecer, para ello necesita mejorar su infraestructura, aumentar su productividad y alcanzar una mejor distribución de la renta que le asegure la cohesión social. EI camino para alcanzar estos objetivos es la creación de mayor cantidad de empleos y de mejor calidad. Destacamos -para ello- la afirmación de la democracia, de los derechos humanos, de la educación, del empleo y de la integración social como marco de todas las iniciativas de la región, ya que han sido la inestabilidad política, la falta de crecimiento y de competitividad, el déficit de empleo y la falta de articulación entre educación y trabajo, que ha caracterizado a la región los responsable de los movimientos pendulares entre circunstanciales situaciones de bonanza y largos periodos de depresión económica y crisis sociales. Como empresarios sostenemos que, un modelo de libre iniciativa solo puede existir en un marco de libertad política y calidad institucional. La buena administración, la transparencia y una gestión gubernamental que incentive el ahorro interno y la inversión, son los factores esenciales que podrán acelerar el crecimiento y con ello acortar los tiempos para alcanzar el bienestar y progreso de nuestras sociedades. Cabe puntualizar que la discusión sobre los aspectos antes mencionados se produce en el marco de la globalización. Dinámica que esta presente como desafío a superar para concretar los procesos de inversión, de incorporación tecnológica, y el mejoramiento del empleo productivo que nuestra región requiere. En este proceso un aspecto central lo constituye el marco institucional, al que debemos analizar en dos planos, el primero corresponde al de la institucionalidad global y, el segundo, al de la institucionalidad local (o regional). No podemos hablar de Instituciones globales si no existe una sólida estructura en el plano nacional, lo cual tiene como presupuesto la seguridad jurídica o el respeto a la ley para la inversión y el desarrollo de la tecnología, además de reglas justas y transparentes para el comercio ya que nadie puede pretender "comercio", sin "reglas comerciales justas". La globalización se discute a partir de sus efectos en los mercados, pero no se agota en ellos: la libertad de emprender debe ejercerse responsablemente. Debe reconocerse que uno de los pilares fundamentales para el desenvolvimiento de la empresa y la creación de un entorno propicio a la inversión y el empleo es la democracia y la primacía del Estado de Derecho. No puede haber empleo si no hay empresas. La creación de empleo como exclusivo producto de la voluntad gubernamental se ha evidenciado como no sustentable. Actualmente no existen dudas de que como empresarios, somas el factor dinámico para la creación de empleo. Para poder cumplir con nuestra tarea debemos hacerlo con reglas claras que permitan que estos empleos resulten productivos y sustentables.
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La regulación laboral debe adecuarse a la realidad productiva para promover el empleo en el sector formal. La experiencia muestra que la "hiper-regulación" no es el camino, pues Latinoamérica confirma que pese a la alta protección nominal legal en lo laboral, la informalidad y el desempleo tienen las tasas mas elevadas en términos comparados. No hay posibilidad de erradicar la pobreza si no generamos empleo, pero ello no se puede hacer desde la simple posición de "mantener" los puestos de trabajo existentes. Hay que crear nuevas posibilidades de empleo, para muchos más y de mejor calidad. Hay que dar formación profesional a los trabajadores desempleados o sub ocupados, sino no va a haber real empleo para ellos. Para lograr estos objetivos debe haber instituciones laborales adecuadas. Lo que hay que proteger es "al trabajador" y no simplemente al puesto de trabajo. Consideramos asimismo que la promoción de la formalidad económica y laboral es la bisagra a favor del empleo de calidad, y que la única forma de pasar desde el desempleo al trabajo formal es teniendo un marco laboral y fiscal adecuado, especialmente para las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Sino tenemos normas apropiadas para las PyME no se van a poder generar puestos de trabajo dignos, ya que un 60 % del empleo en el mundo es empleo PyME, y este porcentaje es muy superior en nuestra región (entre micro, pequeña y mediana empresa). Estamos convencidos que debe haber dialogo social permanente fundado en el nuevo paradigma de la cooperación y no una confrontación superada por las nuevas realidades del mundo de hoy. Los cambios que afrontamos, la adaptación que imponen las nuevas formas de organización de la producción, el impacto de la liberalización comercial en términos de competitividad que esta muchas veces asociado a relocalizaciones fabriles y migraciones laborales, se suma a los normales desafíos de la relación entre empresarios y trabajadores, hacienda aun mas necesario la generación de un clima de dialogo y concertación que permita armonizar los diferentes intereses y prioridades. Creemos también en el empleo como eje del desarrollo sustentable. Estamos convencidos que hay que buscar sistemas que hagan acceder al empleo digno, con redes de seguridad social efectivas y articuladas con la educación y la formación profesional. Resulta prioritario que se conjuguen políticas públicas en materia de educación e inversión y especificas para la problemática del trabajo. Es decir, ello significa articular una serie de factores para generar realmente empleos de calidad, productivos y sustentables y este es el mensaje central que desde el punto de vista de la política laboral queremos que se tenga en cuenta en La Cumbre de las Américas. En materia de educación y formación profesional, es igualmente importante la capacitación de los trabajadores como de los empleadores, especial mente los de las PyME, que son finalmente los que generan la mayor parte del empleo en nuestras sociedades. Mejorar la distribución del ingreso requiere no solo generar empleo sino superar la falta de articulación entre la oferta educativa y la demanda de capacitación de los empleos.
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En este marco no podemos dejar de resaltar la importancia que merece la promoción de una cultura de prevención en materia de salud y seguridad en el trabajo y apoyamos todos los esfuerzos realizados para la eliminación de toda forma de discriminación en el empleo. EI desafío de hoy es crecer con mas empleo, hacer de la virtud económica también un proceso virtuoso de integración en lo social, pero a partir no de simples expresiones voluntaristas, sino de un concreto y mancomunado esfuerzo para impulsar la inversión productiva. EI crecimiento económico en el marco de la libre empresa solo puede existir con libertad política, calidad institucional y una gestión gubernamental comprometida con la solvencia fiscal y la transparencia de las políticas publicas. Aspirando a adecuados incentivos a la inversión productiva y al empleo genuino, especial mente para las pequeñas y medianas empresas, facilitando el acceso a la incorporación de tecnología y a los mercados, así como con un sistema educativo que estimule el vinculo entre la empresa y la sociedad para la formación de recursos humanos calificados para los requerimientos de la organización de la producción en un mundo globalizado y altamente competitivo. Y por ultimo, en la oportunidad que nos brinda la Cuarta Cumbre de las Américas, reconocemos que la integración es una pieza importante en nuestro transito hacia el mejoramiento de nuestra condición económica y social. Sin embargo, creemos que es condición fundamental que esa integración reconozca las asimetrías y las profundas diferencias existentes en los niveles de desarrollo. Tratamientos diferenciados según el grado de desarrollo son imprescindibles para que la integración resulte en un proceso ganancioso y mas justa para todos. Sabemos que compartir esta reflexión y buscar coincidencias contribuye al entendimiento y a la cooperación, pues la confianza debe partir de la base de entender nuestras realidades y alentar nuestras esperanzas. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2 de noviembre de 2005.
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Consultations North America
SIMPLE THINGS
that governments can do to create jobs, fight poverty,
and enhance the competitiveness of the Americas
Recommendations by the North American business community prepared by
IV Summit of the Americas Mar del Plata, Argentina November 4-5, 2005
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Principal author: John Murphy
United States Chamber of Commerce Association of American Chambers of Commerce in Latin America Contact: +1-202-463-5485 [email protected]
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he IV Summit of the Americas comes at a perplexing moment for the hemisphere. As one version of the draft summit declaration observes, quite rightly, “many of our countries have [recently] experienced periods of high growth, coexisting with weak employment
generation, marked concentration of income, and significant increases in poverty and extreme poverty indices.” Simply put, the promise of our day is not being realized. In this light, the overarching themes of the summit have been chosen well. Job creation. Poverty reduction. Competitiveness in the global marketplace. For the hemisphere’s business community, the challenge is to address the most pressing needs first. We must identify the steps national governments can take, individually or jointly, to facilitate job creation, combat poverty, and enhance our competitiveness — and begin today. We in the private sector stand ready to do our part, as we will explain below. To this end, we respectfully offer the following recommendations to the governments assembling at the IV Summit of the Americas. We believe these “Three Simple Things” — if put into general practice — would do much to dispel the malaise that grips the Americas. The scope of the paper is limited in the interest of making a few salient points, but this should not be interpreted as a lack of commitment to, for instance, education reform or the fight against counterfeiting and piracy. The issues we address in this paper may not be at the top of the agenda for the official summit. But if we are serious about creating jobs, fighting poverty, and becoming more competitive, we believe they should be.
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◊◊ EExxeeccuuttiivvee SSuummmmaarryy 11 Free the labor market to create jobs
Shift taxation away from payrolls toward other forms of taxes.
Remove regulations that discourage part-time work and short-term contracts or that mandate retirement at a certain age.
Eliminate rules that greatly raise the cost of hiring and firing workers while still barring unfair and discriminatory firings.
Integrate counseling services and the payment of unemployment benefits to reduce fraudulent claims while giving beneficiaries a polite push toward the workplace.
Direct state-sponsored job creation measures toward workers for whom joblessness particularly threatens future prospects (e.g., long-term unemployed youth).
22 Tear down barriers to entrepreneurship Cut the bureaucratic red tape that makes registering a new business slow and costly.
Adopt vigorous programs to register both personal and business property as a way to help entrepreneurs obtain credit and join the formal sector.
Create public-private partnerships to devise better programs to assist entrepreneurs, with built-in metrics to gauge their effectiveness.
Reform and depoliticize judicial systems so that contracts are enforced consistently, quickly, and cost effectively.
Pursue legal reform to stop frivolous lawsuits from bankrupting companies and raising costs for consumers.
Promote the use of alternative dispute resolution in commercial disputes.
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33 Open trade to enhance competitiveness Use the Summit as an opportunity to renew the commitment of the governments of the
hemisphere to secure an ambitious and comprehensive Free Trade Area of the Americas as soon as possible.
Implement fully and throughout the Americas the customs-related business facilitation measures endorsed in Toronto, Canada, at the V FTAA ministerial held in 1999.
Adopt an ambitious posture in the Trade Facilitation Negotiating Group within the Doha Development Agenda.
11 FFrreeee tthhee LLaabboorr MMaarrkkeett ttoo CCrreeaattee JJoobbss
s the IV Summit of the Americas website declares, “employment should be given a central place in the hemispheric agenda, inseparable from liberty, justice, security, and protection, given that it is the principal vehicle for social integration.”
We in the business community could not agree more. But too often, labor market rules and regulations in the Americas tie the hands of entrepreneurs and business managers, forcing them to employ fewer people than they otherwise would. These labor-market rigidities are the root cause of joblessness in many countries around the world. Some contend that regulations limiting the authority of employers to hire and dismiss workers or mandating high payroll taxes for social benefits are wholly in the interest of workers. But in fact, onerous labor-market rules force companies to employ as few workers as possible. Many of these laws and regulations serve only to impede the entrepreneurial innovation and investment that drive job creation. A good place to begin is payroll taxes. In many countries in the Americas, high non-wage labor costs — including mandates for elaborate fringe benefits, high contributions for unemployment and social benefits, and long holidays — are a powerful disincentive to hiring. The message governments are sending the business community is unmistakable: “Please, hire as few workers as possible.” Experts are increasingly embracing the idea that taxation should shift away from payrolls toward other forms of taxation (or, where feasible, be cut altogether). In this way, the tax base could be broadened to include higher percentages of income from sources other than wages. Laws and regulations that restrict the capacity of employers to offer part-time positions have a doubly negative impact: they prevent firms from creating jobs, and they exclude from the workplace those only interested in part-time employment. Women, in particular, may be forced by such rules to eschew formal employment and may consequently earn less. On the other hand, allowing women and men more choices on how to balance work and family life brings a variety of economic and non-economic benefits.
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Similarly, government rules that compel the able-bodied to retire at a specific, arbitrarily chosen age rob employers of experienced personnel who may not yet be interested in retirement. Governments could also usefully loosen restrictions on short-term working contracts. By establishing policies that are neutral toward part-time employment and flexible toward retirement, governments can raise employment levels while demonstrating respect for economic liberties. Payroll costs fall, and firms are given an incentive to fill new positions. Policymakers also need to recognize the link between onerous rules on firing workers and the ability of firms to offer new positions. The first effect of a legal environment that proscribes firing is to dissuade employers from hiring: they dare not take on additional workers for fear they will be obliged to provide them with lifetime employment. While policymakers must walk a fine line, it is possible to allow firms flexibility in dismissals while still sanctioning unfair and discriminatory firings. In addition to eliminating labor-market rigidities, governments can take active measures to move the unemployed into jobs. Experts agree that policymakers can do much more than simply provide income support to the unemployed. By integrating counseling services and the payment of unemployment benefits — engaging in “active” labor-market policies — it is possible to reduce fraudulent claims while giving beneficiaries a polite push to seek counseling. Expediting the return of the unemployed to the workplace also boosts skills and guards against the devastating effects of long-term unemployment (i.e., high social costs and decreasing prospects that the unemployed will find work). Tax systems should ensure that low-wage workers are better off when employed than when relying entirely on social benefits. Universal child benefits, low average tax rates on low-wage workers, and income supplements to poor families will all motivate workers to remain in the workforce — and to rise within it — rather than rely on public handouts. State-sponsored job creation measures should actively target workers for whom joblessness particularly threatens future prospects (e.g., long-term unemployed youth). Programs that target these groups should require that some on-the-job training be provided. Such safeguards help ensure that state efforts do not simply benefit those most likely to find new jobs on their own, as happens too often. Unemployment will not be completely eradicated in the foreseeable future. Instead, the overarching goal of labor market policy should be to allow the private sector to create jobs and to move the unemployed quickly into them. The “creative destruction” that is at the heart of the market economy means that no job lasts forever — but it guarantees that new jobs, professions and even industries arise continually. With these strategies, policymakers can keep the inevitable human and economic costs of unemployment to a minimum. To summarize, we offer these specific recommendations for the Western Hemisphere governments as they assemble at the IV Summit of the Americas:
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Shift taxation away from payrolls toward other forms of taxes.
Remove regulations that discourage part-time work and short-term contracts or that mandate retirement at a certain age.
Eliminate rules that greatly raise the cost of hiring and firing workers while still barring unfair and discriminatory firings.
Integrate counseling services and the payment of unemployment benefits to reduce fraudulent claims while giving beneficiaries a polite push toward the workplace.
Direct state-sponsored job creation measures toward workers for whom joblessness particularly threatens future prospects (e.g., long-term unemployed youth).
22 TTeeaarr DDoowwnn BBaarrrriieerrss ttoo EEnnttrreepprreenneeuurrsshhiipp
he governments of the Americas should also take a hard look at how regulations, the legal environment, and assistance programs impact entrepreneurs. Too often, bureaucratic red tape and an uncertain legal climate tie the hands of entrepreneurs and business managers, creating a drag on job creation and growth.
Among the best reference materials available in this area are the World Bank’s magnificent Doing Business reports. These annual reports benchmark business regulation in 155 countries — regulations that enhance or constrain job creation, investment, and growth. While the reports’ findings on Latin America are sobering, it is worth calling attention to some successes in the Americas in recent years. Among countries carrying out the most reforms, Colombia ranked second (behind Slovakia) in 2003, implementing extremely useful measures to make it easier for its citizens to start a business and also making it easier to enforce contracts. In Colombia, “reforms of employment and business start-up regulations have created 300,000 jobs in the formal economy,” the Doing Business in 2005 report indicates. Also, Brazil’s new bankruptcy law, which was signed into law in February 2005, gives insolvent companies the ability to restructure without necessarily shutting down, which will bring significant benefits over time. However, Latin American and Caribbean nations have not been represented in the ranks of the countries carrying out the most or the best reforms in recent years. The United States, Canada, and Chile were ranked 3rd, 4th, and 25th in the report’s summary “Ease of Doing Business” index of 155 countries, but a majority of Latin American and Caribbean countries ranked between the 25th and 50th percentiles — that is, generally below the global average. Clearly, the Americas can do much better. To look at a few of the top ways governments can eliminate burdensome regulations, a good place to begin is with procedures required to start a business. When an entrepreneur draws up a business plan, the administrative and legal procedures to register the new firm are the first hurdles that must be overcome. Too often, governments “have procedures that are so
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burdensome that entrepreneurs have to bribe officials to speed up the process or they opt to run their business informally,” according to Doing Business. In Brazil, for instance, Doing Business in 2006 found that “entrepreneurs can expect to go through 17 steps to launch a business over 152 days on average, at a cost equal to 10.1% of gross national income (GNI) per capita.” For comparison, the average time required to launch a business in Latin America and the Caribbean is 63 days; in the OECD countries, 19 days will generally suffice. To empower entrepreneurs and reduce the incentive to stay in the informal sector, governments should study the best practices of countries that have made starting a business quick, easy, and inexpensive. Making it easier for citizens to register property is another area where progress is needed. The landmark works of economist Hernando de Soto — The Other Path and The Mystery of Capital — explain how the high costs of weak property rights fall disproportionately on the poor. Where barriers to property registration are high, entrepreneurs are forced to operate in the informal sector. But the story does not end there — without formal title to their property, they are unable to use it as collateral to obtain credit. Land and buildings account for between half and three-quarters of wealth in most economies, reports Doing Business, but some are better at leveraging this wealth to drive economic expansion. The developing world’s large stock of “dead capital,” as De Soto calls it, stands in sharp contrast to wealthier economies, where property is routinely used as collateral for credit, which in turn powers economic growth, generates jobs, and broadens the tax base. Unfortunately, many governments in the Americas make property registration slow, complex, and expensive. According to Doing Business in 2006, “in Mexico, it takes five steps and 74 days to register property … assuming a standardized case of an entrepreneur who wants to purchase land and building in the largest business city — already registered and free of title dispute.” Mexico is close to the Latin American average in this regard; by contrast, it takes 33 days to register property in the average OECD member country. Again, the good news is that some countries have made real progress in promoting property registration, and their experiences offer lessons and inspiration. In De Soto’s home country of Peru, for example, the government has issued property titles to 1.3 million urban households over the past decade. “Secure property rights have enabled parents to find jobs rather than staying home to protect their property. Similarly, children can now attend school. As a result, the incidence of child labor has fallen by nearly 30%,” according to Doing Business in 2006. Next, governments and businesses need to build public-private partnerships to devise better ways to help entrepreneurs. Too often, mutual misunderstanding and even mistrust stand in the way of better business-government collaboration on issues that tie directly to small business growth, which is the principal engine of job creation. Specifically, governments must take care that programs designed to assist entrepreneurs do not become subsidies and that these initiatives include built-in metrics to gauge their effectiveness. Poorly designed assistance programs can foster dependence and rent-seeking rather than true entrepreneurship. To avoid this trap, a true
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public-private partnership must develop benchmarks to measure the effectiveness of programs to aid entrepreneurs. In addition, governments must focus more attention on the enforcement of contracts. “The ability to enforce a contract is critical for businesses to engage with new borrowers or customers,” reports Doing Business in 2006. “In the absence of good contract enforcement, trade and credit are restricted to a small community of people that has developed informal relations through kinship, repeated dealings with each other, or the security of available assets.” Much depends on the efficiency and impartiality of the judicial system, which plays a key role here. Failure to enforce contracts undermines the very foundation of the modern market economy. Without it, the social trust that allows buyers and sellers to come together in the marketplace unravels. The international implications are profound because, as former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said, “capital is a coward, and it goes where it knows it will be well cared for.” From a small family-owned manufacturer to a multinational electric utility, the costs for the firms themselves and for society are high when the judiciary fails to enforce contracts consistently, quickly, and cost effectively. Also in the judicial realm, reforms are needed in a number of countries to prevent frivolous lawsuits, which sharply raise costs on workers, consumers, small businesses, and healthcare. This is an instance where the United States serves as an example to be avoided. According to a 2004 study commissioned by the U.S.-based Institute for Legal Reform, U.S. small businesses alone pay $88 billion a year to cover the cost of the country’s tort system — money that could be used to hire additional workers, expand productivity, and improve employee benefits. Other research shows the total cost of frivolous lawsuits in the United States exceeds $800 per person. Finally, the use of alternative dispute resolution in commercial disputes can lower the cost of doing business and alleviate the burden on the hemisphere’s judiciaries. In order to be an effective solution, businesses must include provisions in their contracts requiring the use of alternate dispute resolution (conciliation, mediation, and arbitration) to solve business disputes. Governments can assist, as many in the region have, by making sure the local legal environment permits and supports the use of arbitration and mediation. To summarize, we offer these specific recommendations for the Western Hemisphere governments as they assemble at the IV Summit of the Americas:
Cut the bureaucratic red tape that makes registering a new business slow and costly.
Adopt vigorous programs to register both personal and business property as a way to help entrepreneurs obtain credit and join the formal sector.
Create public-private partnerships to devise better programs to assist entrepreneurs, with built-in metrics to gauge their effectiveness.
Reform and depoliticize judicial systems so that contracts are enforced consistently, quickly, and cost effectively.
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Pursue legal reform to stop frivolous lawsuits from bankrupting companies and raising costs for consumers.
Promote the use of alternative dispute resolution in commercial disputes. 33 OOppeenn TTrraaddee ttoo EEnnhhaannccee CCoommppeettiittiivveenneessss
o discussion of competitiveness, job creation, and economic development in the Americas would be complete without a major focus on international trade. Trade is one of the principal motors of job creation and economic growth, and it has played a major role in lifting entire nations from poverty. And any man or woman in business knows that companies learn to
become competitive only by competing — in their home market, and globally. We begin with the obvious. The best vehicle to jumpstart the Western Hemisphere’s trade agenda is the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The Institute for International Economics has estimated the FTAA could boost economic growth in the Americas by as much as $130 billion a year. The potential of such an agreement is beyond dispute. The elected leaders of the Americas should regard the current impasse in the FTAA negotiations as unacceptable — and they should recommit themselves to re-starting the talks as soon as possible. Policymakers looking for tools to address a host of economic challenges are right to see trade deals such as the FTAA as one of the most effective in their toolboxes. As an example, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has a sterling record as an engine of job creation and growth, boosting trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States to nearly three-quarters of a trillion dollars last year. More recently, the U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement has led to a near doubling in bilateral commerce since it was implemented less than two years ago. The hemisphere’s business community views the standstill in the FTAA with sharp disappointment, and we stand ready to support this critical initiative. For most of us, the gold ring has been a comprehensive and ambitious FTAA. Such a deal would begin with market-opening measures for manufactured goods, agricultural products, and other merchandise trade. On farm goods, the FTAA would complement the effort in the Doha Development Agenda to end agricultural export subsidies, reduce domestic support for farmers, and provide new market access for international trade in agricultural products. But the FTAA must also include measures to liberalize services, which account for over two-thirds of the hemispheric economy and represent the most dynamic portion of global trade today. It would include disciplines to protect the rights of intellectual property owners and international investment. These disciplines would also lay new ground rules to guarantee transparency for government procurement. The vision of an FTAA covering substantially all trade and investment was endorsed by the hemisphere’s heads of state and government who gathered in Miami in 1994 at the first Summit
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of the Americas. Today’s impasse in the FTAA negotiations arose when some governments participating in the negotiations proposed to sharply limit the scope of the agreement. We believe a narrow, limited FTAA would be a lost opportunity. But by the same token, it would be tragic to leave any country behind at a moment when so many governments are reaffirming their strong desire to expand trade ties around the globe. With negotiations at a standstill, the world has nonetheless marched on. Over the past year, a number of Asian nations have begun to aggressively pursue free trade agreements that could ultimately put the countries of the Western Hemisphere at a disadvantage. For example, China and the ASEAN countries have begun implementing an agreement to liberalize trade in goods, with other FTA components under negotiation. Japan has reached agreements with Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines, and is pursuing an ASEAN-wide agreement. Asia’s FTAs should add momentum to integration efforts in our own hemisphere. To overcome the current impasse, we urge our elected leaders to pause and consider once again the remarkable degree to which our nations are natural partners. The great lesson of the impasse in the FTAA negotiations today is that the agenda for hemispheric trade liberalization will not advance if the dialogue degenerates into a North-South ideological dispute. Governments should make a renewed effort to listen to the “offensive interests” enunciated by their counterparts at the negotiating table, and ask whether the gap is truly so wide after all. Forging a true North-South partnership will send a powerful signal to our own citizens— and the world — that economic development, job creation, and competitiveness are more important than ideology. Also in the realm of international trade, we urge Western Hemisphere governments to focus anew on trade facilitation (TF). TF aims to make international trade faster and cheaper. It consists of measures to make customs and ports more efficient through better administration, smarter regulations, as well as automation and e-business usage. It also includes steps to improve the infrastructure upon which trade depends. Given the rising competitive challenge posed by Asian exporters, it is worth noting that the APEC economies are already seeing the benefits of their advances in this field. In 2002, the APEC economies launched a Trade Facilitation Action Plan that included a commitment to reduce business transaction costs by five percent within six years. Meeting in Santiago in November 2004, the APEC leaders were proud to announce that they had reached their goal three years ahead of schedule. In fact, the countries of the Americas have already made their own commitments on TF. In 1999, the countries negotiating the FTAA committed to implement a package of nine customs-related “business facilitation” measures that covered much of the same ground as the APEC action plan (actually, in somewhat greater detail). For example, the countries committed to clear express shipments through customs within six hours of the submission of the required documentation. Sadly, many of these commitments have yet to be fully implemented.
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As concern mounts in the Americas about our competitiveness vis-à-vis Asia, business would welcome a new focus on an area where the countries of the Americas can catch up quickly. For Latin America and the Caribbean, TF will help manufacturers leverage one of their key competitive advantages over Asia — their relative proximity to the U.S., Canadian and European markets. If goods sit on a dock awaiting customs clearance for a day, this geographic advantage of “speed to market” is squandered. While TF can bring great benefits if adopted unilaterally, a global rules-based approach also offers the advantages of certainty, stability, and enhanced commonality to customs measures and port administration. The World Trade Organization in August 2004 launched multilateral negotiations on trade facilitation as part of the Doha Development Agenda with the aim of “further expediting the movement, release and clearance of goods, including goods in transit.” A World Bank study found that one-third of the benefits from the Doha Development Agenda negotiations could come from TF. The countries of the Americas can make a serious contribution to securing these benefits by adopting an ambitious, forward-leaning stance within the Doha TF negotiating group. The authors of this report have assembled an ad hoc coalition of approximately 100 of the Western Hemisphere’s most influential business organizations to support a renewed focus on TF — both as a focus for national reform and for multilateral commitment within the Doha Development Agenda. A joint declaration to this effect will be released on the eve of the IV Summit of the Americas. To summarize, we offer these specific recommendations for the Western Hemisphere governments as they assemble at the IV Summit of the Americas:
Use the Summit as an opportunity to renew the commitment of the governments of the hemisphere to secure an ambitious and comprehensive Free Trade Area of the Americas as soon as possible.
Implement fully and throughout the Americas the customs-related business facilitation measures endorsed in Toronto, Canada, at the V FTAA ministerial held in 1999.
Adopt an ambitious posture in the Trade Facilitation Negotiating Group within the Doha Development Agenda.
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e hope that the intended reading audience for this document — the governments of the Western Hemisphere — will receive these recommendations in the constructive spirit intended. No one takes the challenges of job creation, competitiveness, and poverty
reduction more seriously than the hemisphere’s business community.
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After all, when we speak of competitiveness, it is our companies that are doing the competing. When we speak of jobs, it is the private sector that creates or sustains them all. This holds true even for jobs in the public sector, where payrolls depend on tax revenues paid by private citizens and private companies. There is a common theme to the recommendations above, and we would be remiss if we did not address it directly. We are concerned that the hemisphere’s governments may not fully grasp the nature and extent of the problems our recommendations attempt to address. The draft summit declaration observes: “In the past, many governments adopted a laissez-faire approach to markets, without realizing that for that approach to work it was essential to strengthen the State.” There is some truth here, but we in the business community are not advocating a weak state — or a strong state. Rather, we are calling for state policies that are smart. For in the final analysis, it is all too common for our governments to erect barriers to job creation and economic development. Too often, well-intended labor rules implicitly tell business managers not to hire more workers; bureaucratic hurdles and poor public policies cause weeks and months of delays for entrepreneurs launching new enterprises; or officials fail to appreciate the costs to society of trade barriers ranging from tariffs to simple red tape. Too often, governments are restraining the private sector from creating jobs, developing the economy, and competing effectively in the global marketplace. We do not deny that government has a critical and positive role to play in economic development, from education and training to social programs and infrastructure. We hope the IV Summit of the Americas provides a useful forum to discuss some of these priorities. But first, we hope the governments listen to these simple recommendations on ways to unleash the power of private enterprise. The nations of the Americas will see handsome returns if they invest in these reforms. There is no reason why the potential “jaguars” of the Americas cannot see the low unemployment, falling poverty rates, and income gains of the Asian “tigers.” Remember, a generation ago, East Asia was significantly poorer than Latin America and the Caribbean; East Asia’s embrace of the sorts of policies described in this paper is a principal reason for its economic and social progress. That example — and the ascent of tens of millions of Asians from poverty — should inspire the citizens of the Americas to launch a new wave of reform. In closing, as we prepare for the upcoming summit, there are no more fitting words than those offered on another occasion when the hemisphere’s business community met in Argentina to discuss hemispheric business and integration. At the VI Americas Business Forum, held on the eve of the Buenos Aires FTAA ministerial in April 2001, one of the organizers, Antonio Estrany y Gendre, called the event to a close with his Decalogue speech, which many participants remember to this day. Speaking to the hemisphere’s trade ministers on behalf of the business community, he outlined principles for the economic integration of the hemisphere, concluding with his critical 10th commandment — Queremos ayudar; por favor, déjennos ayudar. With respect, we speak these words now to the heads of state and government assembling in Argentina — We want to help; please, let us help.
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Original: Spanish (translation pending revision)
DELIVERING THE BENEFITS OF DEMOCRACY THROUGH JOB CREATION: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
IV SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS
Buenos Aires, Argentina November 2, 2005
NAME OF THE REPORT: Proposals of the Andean Sub-region
COORDINATOR: Confederación Colombiana de Cámaras de Comercio – Confecámaras DRAFTING BY: Eugenio Marulanda Gómez, Harvey L. Rodríguez Sanders, María Alejandra Gutierrez Duque ITEM 1: JOB CREATION: THE ROLE PLAYED BY EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION a) Background: The satisfaction of social demands and the ongoing improvement of each country’s competitive position, in the framework of a growing global commercial integration, depends, to a large extent, upon each nation’s ability to provide efficient and innovative responses with respect to education, science and technology matters. It is evident that the existence of science and technology policies is not adequate assurance for each country to be able to systematically develop scientific and technological knowledge and innovation, thus allowing the creation of more and better jobs; these polices have to transcend the political and economic circumstances to become institutionalized as part of all social practices. The obstacles that support very little connection between the private sector and research programs on Science and Technology in the Andean region have to be overcome. Although there are state institutions devoted to technical and technological training in accordance with industry requirements, such as the SENA (National Training Service) in
38
Colombia, the SENATI (National Service of Industrial Work Training) in Peru and the INCE PNA (National Training Program of the National Institute of Education Cooperation) in Venezuela, the academic offer is not updated at the same pace of the growth of the technological demand required by interconnected markets. On the other hand, there is a common denominator to all countries of this region, which is the difficulty in integrating the university and the private enterprises. To cure this weakness, the region’s business sector, independently, has made incursions into the creation of universities, institutes of higher and intermediate technological education (Politécnicos) and into the development of training and education programs to satisfy the particular requirements of its sectors. It is urgent that the needs for productive training and the education programs be integrated, by promoting the creation and strengthening of the innovation-production-education linkages. b) Recommended initiatives:
- To promote in each country, in a participative manner, an integral State policy for the development of scientific research, technological innovation, education improvement and job training.
- To foster, within the Andean community, scientific and technological information flows, particularly between companies and educational and/or research centers.
- To encourage in each country the design and development of a national agenda for the advancement of science and technology.
- To foster the allocation of private resources to Science and Technology research groups through selection processes involving competitive examinations, awards and other forms of encouragement and/or subsidy.
- To synchronize technological research driven by the business sector with State funds allocated to such end.
- To strengthen the University – Company relationship for the development of science and technology research.
- To provide the sub-region with academic PhD programs and to increase the economic support provided by the State to the training of PhDs abroad.
- To encourage the creation of venture capital funds for technological innovation in companies.
- To provide for additions and amendments to the national and subnational tax laws and regulations in order to introduce more and better incentives for the creation of technology generating companies and/or technology intensive companies.
- To implement tax incentives so that companies (large, medium-sized and small) adopt and/or increase their training programs particularly those certified for workers with a low education level. The company as the center of the education activity.
- To design the incentives that would allow creating, expanding and strengthening highly technologically-intensive clusters.
- To execute inter-institutional cooperation agreements (public-private, national and international) for the funding and development of technical and technological education centers and/or programs.
39
- To encourage bilingualism at all education levels (increase of the number of teaching hours and teachers’ training).
- To consolidate in each country a national information system on job market trends and demands, which system may serve as a guide for academic institutions in the development of professional training programs.
- To establish legal modifications providing greater flexibility to training contracts and internship agreements, as well as other training modalities.
40
c) Priority initiative and its implementation: Initiative: To promote in each country, in a participative manner, an integral State policy for the development of scientific research, technological innovation, education improvement and job training. Implementation:
- To encourage a partnership between the private and public sectors, both at national and sub-national level, for the implementation of a participative process, which may allow establishing and assessing priorities with respect to education, science and technology.
- To promote in each country broad involvement by the citizens for the construction of a national agenda of institutional commitments that would enable the development of the science, technology, education and job training State Policy.
- To promote an audit of the consultation process in each province or department of each country, endorsing the consensus reached with respect to the National Agenda.
- To encourage the connection of international organizations, such as the UNDP, the OAS, the WB, the IDB and the CAF (Andean Development Corporation) with the processes of building a National Agenda, so that they may contribute to its successful desing and implementation, and in order to channel and optimize financial resources towards education, science and technology strategic programs and projects.
ITEM 2: JOB CREATION: THE ROLE PLAYED BY TRANSPARENCY AND
GOVERNANCE a) Background: The countries forming the Andean Community of Nations (Comunidad Andina de Naciones), each one with its particular features, present different threats against governance which seriously affect their reliability and, therefore, cause their economic structure to be weak. In Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, the political crisis, linked to reports of growing corruption, has caused a tremendous weakening of the president’s figure, thus generating, additionally, an enormous lack of trust by the citizens on democratic institutions. In Colombia, even though there is still widespread and favorable credibility in the president’s figure and on the military forces, a persistent public policy problem is acknowledged to exist, which is caused by outlaw groups. This circumstance is, at present, the greatest threat to Colombia’s institutions and democracy. In Venezuela, the constant institutional changes and the high degree of polarization as to political interaction make it difficult to create consensus and generate an atmosphere of uncertainty that limits investment opportunities.
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Favorably, adverse circumstances have motivated a growing involvement of the private sector in public matters, based on the development of, and the participation in, initiatives intended to counteract and prevent the phenomenon of corruption in its various manifestations, as well as to increase the levels of citizenship participation, transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the management of public entities. The informality of the labor sector is another factor that is having a negative effect on the general governance of the system in the Region. If half of the employment is not registered or “informal” in nature, the general competitiveness of our economies is reduced, formal or registered activity is disincentivized as it competes on a totally unequal footing with informal activities, any kind of social security system (especially healthcare and retirement) becomes unfeasible and additional difficulties are created to identify and promote human capital education policies. The lack of governance and the consequent loss of credibility in institutions are the main reason for countries of the region to have a poor rating according to the 2005 Corruption Perception Index developed by Transparency International. b) Recommended initiatives:
- To foster joint efforts between the public and private sectors (both national and local) for the development of prompt strategies fostering the defense and the strengthening of institutionalism, as well as the involvement of citizens in public matters.
- To develop within the private sector a dissemination and integral education process in connection with topics related to business ethics and ethics related to public issues to be applied to every production process, mainly in those processes contracted by the State to ensure compliance with its purposes.
- To promote within the private sector the application of good corporate governance principles and good practices with respect both to productive and commercialization processes.
- To develop single-front desk programs or business service center style programs that would allow reducing the number of formalities and permits requested before the State and the discretionality of its officers.
- To consolidate, in State control bodies, efficient mechanisms for the attention and investigation of reports about irregularities committed by officers, citizens, social organizations and also private sector agents.
- To develop and apply, regularly, indicators assessing the institutional performance and the involvement of the different social layers in public administrations’ matters.
- To promote the permanent rendering of accounts by the country’s public administrations. - To strengthen the political parties in all their dimensions in order to consolidate
democracy and to recover the credibility of political institutions. - To strengthen democracy by means of the establishment, where democracy does not
exist, and the strengthening, where it does, of mechanisms for the election of governmental and legislative authorities in each country’s departments, provinces and municipalities.
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- To promote social control mechanisms as to the management of public resources in areas such as the provision of health services (including water and sewage supply), education, access to justice, government procurement and environmental sustainability.
- To promote the consolidation of public-private committees aiming at advising the different economic agents on the development of transparent management and compliance with trade, contractual, labor and biotechnological rules and regulations in force.
- To promote non-discriminatory and merit-based public officers’ recruitment and selection policies.
- To make existing labor regulations more flexible, not impairing human dignity, in order to foster the formalization of the labor market.
- To promote BSR (Business for Social Responsibility) as a basic interaction mechanism between businessmen and the civil society organized in their environment, to foster higher levels of broad commitments with the most pressing needs of the community.
c) Priority initiative and its implementation: Initiative: To foster joint efforts between the public and private sectors (both national and local) for the development of prompt strategies fostering the defense and the strengthening of institutionalism, as well as the involvement of citizens in public matters. Implementation:
- To determine strengths and weaknesses of public and private institutionalism. - To identify institutional players with credibility both at local and national levels, with
leadership and convening capacity. - To identify, together with the civil society’s organizations, specific investment projects of
a broad social impact and with potential to strengthen local and national competitiveness. - To submit such projects to citizens’ control and involvement before, during and after
their execution. ITEM 3: JOB CREATION: THE ROLE PLAYED BY TRADE, INVESTMENT AND
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT a) Background: The lack of competitiveness, as an integral problem in each country, has seriously limited the ability to take advantage of the tariff preferences enjoyed by the Andean community in markets such as the United States and Europe. Undoubtedly, the modernization of road and port infrastructure (maritime, air and railway), as well as the modernization of the electric power supply, telecommunications, water supply and sewerage services, gas supply, etc., are factors of utmost importance to increase our
43
competitiveness. In addition, it is mandatory to update the use of urban land, to promote its more efficient use, within the framework of the sustained growth of our cities. In the framework of global trade integration, the importance of large volume transactions for purposes of achieving more competitive sales prices has made cargo logistics a mandatory point of reference due to its transversal impact both for SMEs and for large companies. Likewise, the relevance of trade associations is highlighted, as a mechanism to create scale economies, thus reducing transaction costs. b) Recommended initiatives:
- To evaluate and give priority to existing infrastructures and their contribution to competitiveness and productivity of the strategic economic sectors for each country.
- To consolidate the road inter-connectivity between the large production urban centers and the commercialization ports.
- To improve the existing access and logistics conditions in maritime, fluvial, air, road and railway ports.
- To modernize the conditions for cabotage in the national ports both for national and for international traffic.
- To modernize existing airports and place at least one main cargo hub in each country. - To improve operating conditions in terminals and landing strips in rural, isolated regions. - To consolidate the navigability of the main rivers in each country. - To develop complementary capacity in multimodal transport (road, air, railway, river and
maritime transportation) as a State policy. - To develop a statutory framework governing the logistic activity, involving amendments
to the Territorial Organization Plans. - To encourage microcompanies and SMEs to become regularly organized, by facilitating
and reducing to the maximum extent possible the procedures that are necessary for their formation.
- To foster good corporate governance practices within the business community for purposes of facilitating its involvement in the public securities market.
- To use the Government’s procurement processes as a tool for the development of competition and for the strengthening of SMEs.
- To modernize rules and regulations that govern and simplify the Government’s contracting processes involving individuals.
- To integrate within the different regions of each country existing productive processes that consolidate production chains with high demand for labor.
- To perform thorough studies of the trade blocs that have a high potential for integration. - To link those studies to industrial reconversion strategies in order to achieve a more
successful penetration into the new schemes of the regional and global competition. - To facilitate the formation of border integration regions and the application of joint
resolutions arising from such international agreements.
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c) Priority initiative and its implementation: Initiative:
- To develop complementary capacity in multimodal transport (road, air, railway, river and maritime transportation) as a State policy.
Implementation
- To consolidate an integral regulation that complies with minimum requirements such as coherence, independence, transparency, forseeability and capacity, in a manner consistent with the Territorial Organization Plans for purposes of eliminating the statutory inflexibility that prevents the appropriate development of the infrastructure necessary to achieve competitiveness.
- To generate conditions of tax stability, thus having a reassuring effect on prospective investors.
- To consider the possibility of creating tax incentives to inject dynamism to the private sector initiative in infrastructure projects.
- To make budgetary and tax adjustments with a view to allowing an annual sustained investment in excess of 2.3% of the GDP.
- To consolidate a decentralization and autonomy process for territorial entities, in order to generate competences and resources that would contribute to the maintenance of a secondary and tertiary road network.
- To consolidate within each country a strategy that prioritizes the multimodal system. - To develop a long-term infrastructure planning instrument that would allow integration
within the timeframe of the four-year development plans.
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Anexes
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ANNEX 1 Private sector organizations which participated in the Caribbean consultation
Organization E-mail Telephones
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua & Barbuda Chamber of Industry and Commerce
[email protected]; [email protected] 1-268-462-4863; 5915
Antigua & Barbuda Industrial and Small Enterprises Association
[email protected] Financial Services Regulatory Commission
[email protected] 1-268-481-1178 Bahamas Bahamas Chamber of Commerce [email protected];
[email protected] 1-242-322-8185; 4643
Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Corporation
Bahamas Financial Services Board [email protected]; [email protected]
242-327-3176
Barbados Barbados Chamber of Commerce and Industry
[email protected] 246-426-2056 / 0747
Barbados Manufacturers Association [email protected]; [email protected]
246-426-4474 / 427 9898
Insurance Association of the Caribbean [email protected] 246-427-5608
Caribbean Hotel Association [email protected]; [email protected]
Caribbean Export Development Agency [email protected] 246-436-0578
Caribbean Tourism Organisation [email protected] 246-427-5242
Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery [email protected] 246-430-1671
Barbados Coalition of Service Industries [email protected]; [email protected]
246-429-5357
Barbados Small Business Association [email protected]
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Barbados Investment and Development Corporation
[email protected] (Sonja Trotman) 246-427-5350
Civil Society Task Force / Barbados Association of Non Governmental Organisations
[email protected] 246-427-5001
Neal & Massy Eastern Caribbean Group [email protected] 246-431-5642
West Indides Rum & Spirits Producers Assocn
[email protected] 246-429-0497
Belize Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry [email protected] 501-227-0668
Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry [email protected] 501-227-0014 / 3148
Belize Trade and Investment Development Service
[email protected]; [email protected]
011-501-822-3737
Belize Small and Micro Enterprise Association
Belize Business Bureau [email protected]
Dominican Republic Asociacion de Bancos Comerciales de la Republica Dominicana (ABCRD)
[email protected] 809-541-5211
Asociacion de Empresas Industriales de Herrara de la Republica Dominicana (AEIH)
[email protected] 809-530-2160
Asociacion de Empresas Industriales de Bebidas Gaseosas de la Republica Dominicana (ASIBEGAS)
[email protected] 809-732-3433
Asociación de Industriales Farmacéuticas Dominicanas (INFADOMI)
[email protected]; [email protected]
809-472-0350
Asociación de Industrias de la República Dominicana (AIRD)
[email protected] 809-472-0000
Asociación de Industrias y Empresas de Haina (AEIHaina)
[email protected] 809-957-2300
Asociación Dominicana de Embotelladores de Agua (ADEAGUA)
[email protected] 809-508-1120
Asociación Dominicana de Exportadores (ADOEXPO)
[email protected] 809-532-6779
Asociación Dominicana de Fabricantes de Calzados (ADOCALZA)
[email protected]; [email protected]
809-695-2346
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Asociación Dominicana de Fabricantes de Cervezas
[email protected] 809-227-6580
Asociación Dominicana de Hacendados y Agricultores (ADHA)
Asociación Dominicana de Industrias Gráficas y Afines (ADIGA)
[email protected]; [email protected]
809-683-2440/ 508-3914
Asociación Dominicana de Industrias Textiles (ADITEX)
[email protected] 809-472-2299
Asociación Dominicana de Zonas Francas (ADOZONA)
[email protected] 809-472-0251
Asociación Nacional de Fabricantes de Dulces y Afines (ASODULCES)
[email protected] 809-763-2272
Asociación Nacional de Fabricantes de Muebles, Colchones y Afines (ASONAIMCO)
[email protected]; [email protected]
809-686-3242
Asociación Nacional de Hoteles y Restaurantes (ASONAHORES)
[email protected] 809-540-4676
Asociación Nacional de Industrias Metalmecánica y Metalúrgicas
[email protected] 809-686-0078
Unión de Medianos y Pequeños Industriales de la Harina (UMPIH)
[email protected] 809-262-0437
Confederación Dominicana de la Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (CODOPYME)
[email protected] 809-541-0606
Consejo Nacional de la Empresa Privada (CONEP)
[email protected] 809-472-7101
Federación de Asociaciones Industriales (FAI)
[email protected]; [email protected]
809-508-3896
Junta Agroempresarial Dominicana (JAD) [email protected]; [email protected]
809-563-6178
Dominica Dominica Association of Industry and Trade [email protected];
[email protected] 767-451-7753
Marinor Enterprises [email protected]; [email protected]
767-449-1269
Grenada Grenada Chamber of Commerce [email protected] 473-440-2937
Grenada Small Enterprise Development Unit [email protected]
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ANNEX 2 List of private sector organizations or associations in Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama which participated directly or support the submissions of this region.
Organization Email Telephone Costa Rica Unión Costarricense de Cámaras y Asociaciones de la Empresa Privada (UCCAEP)
[email protected] www.uccaep.or.cr
290-5595 / 290-5594
Dominican Republic Consejo Nacional de la Empresa Privada (CONEP)
[email protected] http://www.conep.org.do
472-7101 / 472-7531 / 472-7078
El Salvador Asociación Nacional de Empresa Privada (ANEP)
[email protected] www.anep.org.sv
(503) 224-1236, (503) 224-0563, (503) 298-0966
Guatemala Comité Coordinador de Asociaciones Agrícolas, Comerciales, Industriales y Financieras (CACIF)
[email protected] www.cacif.org.gt
2331-0651 2332-1794
Honduras Consejo Hondureño de Empresa Privada (COHEP)
[email protected] www.cohep.com
235-3336
Nicaragua Consejo Superior de la Empresa Privada (COSEP) [email protected] 2282032 Panama Asociación Panameña de Ejecutivos de Empresa (APEDE)
[email protected] www.apede.org
227-3511 227-3902
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List of private sector organizations or associations in Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Organization E-mail Telephones Costa Rica Unión Costarricense de Cámaras y Asociaciones de la Empresa Privada (UCCAEP)
[email protected] www.uccaep.or.cr
290-5595 / 290-5594
Asociación Bancaria Costarricense (ABC)
[email protected] www.abc.fi.cr
253-2889 / 253-2898
Asociación Costarricense de Fabricantes de Empaques Flexibles (ACOFEFLEX)
Asociación Costarricense de la Industria del Plástico (ACIPLAST)
[email protected] 281-0006 ext. 137
Asociación Costarricense de Operadores de Turismo
[email protected] 278-2375
Asociación Costarricense de Productores de Energía (ACOPE)
[email protected] 258-4141
Asociación de Importadores de Vehículos y Maquinaria (AIVEMA)
[email protected] 231-7425 / 231-7884
Asociación de Zonas Francas de Costa Rica
[email protected] www.azofras.com
293-7073
Asociación Nacional de Exportadores de la Industria Textil
[email protected] 290-5053
Cámara Costarricense de Empresas de Factores
[email protected] 223-6534
Cámara Costarricense de Hoteles [email protected] 248-0990 Cámara Costarricense de Importadores de Graneles (CACIGRA)
[email protected] 440-1414 ext. 106
Cámara Costarricense de la Construcción
[email protected] www.construccion.co.cr
253-5757
Cámara Costarricense de la Industria Alimentaria (CACIA)
[email protected] www.cacia.org
234-1127 / 234-0966
Cámara Costarricense Forestal [email protected] 258-4217 / 258-4859 Cámara Costarricense Norteamericana de Comercio (AMCHAM)
[email protected] www.amcham.co.cr
220-2200
Cámara de Comercio de Costa Rica [email protected] www.camara-comercio.com
221-0005
Cámara de Comercio Exterior y de Representantes de Casas Extranjeras de Costa Rica
[email protected] www.crecex.com
253-0126
Cámara de Comercio e Industria Costarricense Alemana
[email protected] www.ahkzakk.com/costarica
290-7621
Cámara de Industrias de Alimentos Balanceados
[email protected] 293-6211
Cámara de Industrias de Costa Rica [email protected] www.cicr.co.cr
281-0004 / 281-0005/ 281-0006
Cámara de Industria y Comercio Costa Rica – México
[email protected] www.cicomex.com
256-0086
Cámara Costarricense de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (CAMTIC)
[email protected] www.camtic.org
283-5604
51
Cámara de Propietarios de Bienes Inmuebles de Costa Rica
[email protected] 283-7482
Cámara Nacional de Armadores y Agentes de Vapores (NAVE)
[email protected] 212-9643
Cámara Nacional de Agricultura y Agroindustria
225-8245 / 280-1569 / 280-0996
Cámara Nacional de Avicultores de Costa Rica
[email protected] 239-3147 / 293-4273
Cámara Nacional de Azucareros [email protected] 221-2103 Cámara Nacional de Bananeros [email protected] 222-7891 Cámara Nacional de Cafetaleros [email protected] 296-8334 Cámara Nacional de Comerciantes Detallistas y Afines
[email protected] 253-2641 / 253-2398
Cámara Nacional de Consolidadores de Carga y Afines (CANACO)
[email protected] www.canaco.co.cr
225-0686
Cámara Nacional de Empresas Comercializadoras de Seguros (CANECOS)
[email protected] 256-7768 / 221-8019
Cámara Nacional de Productores Independientes de Banano (ANAPROBAN)
[email protected] 224-1130
Cámara Nacional de Productores y Exportadores de Melón
[email protected] 290-0765 / 67
Cámara Nacional de Radio (CANARA)
[email protected] www.canara.org
256-2338
Cámara Nacional de Transportes [email protected] 283-1820 Cámara Nacional de Transportes de Carga (CANATRAC)
[email protected] 220-0438
Cámara de Turismo de Costa Rica (CANATUR)
[email protected] www.tourism.co.cr
234-6222
Cámara Textil Costarricense (CATECO)
[email protected] www.ticonep.co.cr
220-2981 / 220-3229
Instituto Nacional de la Publicidad (INPUB)
[email protected] / [email protected]
El Salvador Asociación Nacional de Empresa Privada (ANEP)
[email protected] www.anep.org.sv
(503) 224-1236, (503) 224-0563, (503) 298-0966
Asociación Azucarera de El Salvador [email protected] 263-0378 Asociación de Avicultores de El Salvador (AVES)
[email protected] 243-2540 / 243-2570
Asociación de Productores de Caña de Azúcar (PROCAÑA)
243-3729
Asociación de Medios Publicitarios Salvadoreños (AMPS)
[email protected] 263-4992 y 263-5011
Asociación de Industriales Químico-Farmacéuticos de El Salvador (INQUIFAR)
[email protected] 298-3258
Asociación de Distribuidores de Productos Farmacéuticos (DIPROFA)
243-3552
Asociación Salvadoreña de Distribuidores de Materiales de Construcción (ASDEMAC)
222-3712
Asociación de Distribuidores de El [email protected] 223-6574
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Salvador (ADES) www.ades.org.sv Asociación Cafetalera de El Salvador [email protected] 223-3024 Asociación Bancaria Salvadoreña (ABANSA
[email protected] www.abansa.org.sv
298-6739
Asociación Salvadoreña de Empresarios del Transporte de carga (ASETCA)
[email protected] 298-9256
Asociación Salvadoreña de Industriales (ASI)
[email protected] www.asi.com.sv
279-2488
Asociación Salvadoreña de Importadores de Repuestos Automotrices (ASIRA)
260-5327
Asociación Salvadoreña de Empresas de Seguros (ASES)
[email protected] 298-0209
Asociación Salvadoreña de Distribuidores de Vehículos (ASALVE)
243-0448
Asociación de Industriales de la Confección (ASIC)
279-2488
Asociación Salvadoreña de Beneficiadores y Exportadores de Café (ABECAFE)
[email protected] www.intersal.com/abecafe
263-2834
Asociación Salvadoreña de Agencias de Publicidad (ASAP)
243-3535
Asociación de Proveedores Agrícolas (APA)
[email protected] 260-7835
Asociación de Propietarios de Plantas Procesadoras de Leche (APPLE)
270-0668
Asociación de Productores de Leche de El Salvador (PROLECHE)
[email protected] www.camagro.com
243-3815
Unión de Industrias Textiles (UNITEX)
[email protected] 257-3283
Unión de Dirigentes de Empresas Salvadoreñas (UDES)
243-2746
Unión de Cooperativas de Cafetaleros de R.L. (UCAFES)
243-2238
Corporación de Exportadores de El Salvador (COEXPORT)
[email protected] www.coexport.com
243-1329
Cooperativa Algodonera Salvadoreña Limitada (COPAL)
298-9330
Cooperativa Ganadera de Sonsonate [email protected] 451-0349 Cámara Salvadoreña de Turismo (CASATUR)
[email protected] www.turismo-elsalvador.com
298-1651
Cámara Salvadoreña de la Industria de la Construcción (CASALCO)
[email protected] www.casalco.org
263-5344
Cámara de Comercio e Industria de El Salvador
[email protected] www.camarasal.com
244-2000
Cámara Americana de Comercio de El Salvador (AMCHAM)
[email protected] 263-3237
Asociación Salvadoreña de Radiodifusores (ASDER)
[email protected] www.asder.com.sv
274-1835
Asociación de Consultores de El Salvador (ACODES)
222-3040
Asociación Salvadoreña de www.asafondos.org.sv 210-2121
53
Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (ASAFONDOS)
Cámara Salvadoreña de Empresas Consultoras (CAMSEC )
223-6502
Asociación de Medianos y Pequeños Empresarios Salvadoreños (AMPES)
[email protected] 222-7779
Sociedad de Comerciantes e Industriales (SCIS)
208-1805 y 208-1804
Asociación Salvadoreña de Agricultores y Procesadores de Productos no Tradicionales (AGRONATURA)
263-9556
Asociación de la Industria Gráfica Salvadoreña (AIGSA)
225-5490
Bolsa de Valores de El Salvador, S.A. de C.V.
[email protected] 245-0770
Guatemala Comité Coordinador de Asociaciones Agrícolas, Comerciales, Industriales y Financieras (CACIF)
[email protected] www.cacif.org.gt
2331-0651 2332-1794
Asociación de Azucareros de Guatemala
www.azucar.com.gt
Cámara del Agro de Guatemala Cámara de Industria de Guatemala www.industriaguate.com Asociación Gremial de Exportadores de Productos No Tradicionales (AGEXPRONT)
www.export.com.gt
Cámara de Finanzas de Guatemala Cámara Guatemalteca de la Construcción
www.construguate.com
Cámara de Turismo de Guatemala www.camtur.org Federación de la Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (FEPYME)
www.fepymegua.org
Asociación Nacional del Café www.portal.anacafe.org Asociación de Gerentes de Guatemala www.agg.org.gt Honduras Consejo Hondureño de Empresa Privada (COHEP)
[email protected] 235-3336
Asociación Nacional De Industriales (ANDI)
[email protected] 239-12-38/39
Asociación De Exportadores De Café De Honduras (ADECAFEH)
[email protected] 557-4777
Asociación De Fabricantes De Productos Farmacéuticos De Honduras (ANAPROFARH)
[email protected] 230-4308
Asociación De Medios De Comunicación (A. M. C.)
239-7086
Asociación De Madereros De Honduras (AMADHO)
238-2264
Asociación Nacional De Minería De Honduras (ANAMIMH)
225-3733
54
Asociación De Productores De Azúcar De Honduras
[email protected] 239-4933/220-44-63/65
Asociación De Productores De Café De Honduras (AHPROCAFE)
236-8286/ 8687
Asociación De Propietarios De Farmacias
Asociación De Tostadores De Café De Honduras (TOSCAFEH)
[email protected] 225-1675/51-67
Asociación De Distribuidores, Importadores Y Vendedores De Productos Agropecuarios De Honduras (ADIVEPAH)
[email protected] 239-1382/221-42-91
Asociación De Líderes Empresariales Femeninos De Honduras ( A. L. E. F. H. )
[email protected] 246-80-23
Asociación Hondureña De Distribuidores De Vehículos De Honduras (AHDIVA)
[email protected] 238-4751
Asociación Hondureña De Instituciones Bancarias (AHIBA)
[email protected] 235-6770/ 71/ 72
Asociación Hondureña De Maquiladores (A. H. M.)
[email protected] 556-5526 AL 33
Asociación Hotelera Y Afines De Honduras (AHAH)
[email protected] 221-4579/ 221-5805
Asociación Hondureña De Distribuidores De Productos Del Petróleo (AHDIPPE)
[email protected] 234-2343 / 233-9791
Asociación Hondureña De Compañías Y Representantes Navieros (AHCORENA)
ahcorena@sm 552-4412
Asociación Nacional De Artesanos De Honduras (ANAH)
238-4651
Asociación Nacional De Medianas Y Pequeñas Industrias De Honduras (ANMPIH)
23-7782
Asociación Nacional De Avicultores De Honduras (ANAVIH)
[email protected] 225-0176/ 225-0642
Asociación Nacional De Empacadoras De Carne (ANEDEC)
233-6361
Asociación Nacional De Courier De Honduras
www.dhl.com 220-1800/1812/1814
Asociación Nacional De La Industria Textil (ANDITEX)
[email protected] 239-9115
Asociación Nacional De Exportadores De Honduras (ANEXHON)
[email protected] www.ipsa.hn
239-8255 553-3626 / 557-9757
Asociación Nacional De Molineros De Honduras (ANAMH)
[email protected] 647-04-87
Asociación Nacional De Droguerías [email protected] www.farinter.hn
225-2718
Asociación Nacional De Radiodifusores De Honduras (ANARH)
[email protected] www.powerfm.hn
552-4898
Asociación Nacional De Empresas Transformadoras De La Madera (ANETRAMA)
208-2007
55
Asociación Nacional De Acuicultores De Honduras (ANDAH)
[email protected] 782-0986 224-0577
Agencias Publicitarias Hondureñas Asociadas (APHA)
[email protected] 231-0101
Cámara De Comercio E Industrias De Tegucigalpa (C. C. I. T.)
[email protected] [email protected] www.ccit.hn
232-4200
Cámara De Comercio E Industrias De Atlántida (C. C. I. A.)
[email protected] 441-4021 / 441-2106
Cámara De Comercio E Industrias De Cortes (C. C. I. C.)
[email protected] 553-0761/2490/ 552-4558
Cámara De Comercio E Industrias De El Progreso
[email protected] www.ccip.honduras.org
647-4403/03-92/09-21/09-10
Cámara Hondureña De Aseguradores (CAHDA)
[email protected] www.cahda.org
221-5354/55
Cámara De Comercio Hondureño-Americana (AMCHAM)
[email protected] www.amchamhonduras.org
235-9959 /232-6035 / 231-1379
Cámara Nacional De Turismo De Honduras (CANATURH)
[email protected] www.canaturh.org
239-9397.
Cámara De Instituciones De Financiamiento Habitacional (CADEIFINH)
220-1516
Cámara Hondureña De La Industria De La Construcción (CHICO)
[email protected] www.chicoorg.org
232-1756/ 0183
Centro Asesor Para El Desarrollo De Los Recursos Humanos De Honduras (CADERH)
231-1575
Federación De Cámaras De Comercio E Industrias De Honduras (FEDECAMARA)
[email protected] www.fedecamara.org
232-6083/18-70
Federación Nacional De Agricultores Y Ganaderos De Honduras (FENAGH)
[email protected] 239-1303/231-0271
Federación Nacional De Agentes Aduanales De Honduras (FENADUANAH)
237-8616 / 237-8835
Federación De Asociaciones De Productores Y Exportadores Agropecuarios Y Agroindustriales De Honduras (FPX)
[email protected] www.fpxhn.net
566-0795
Federación Nacional De Instituciones Educativas Privadas De Honduras (FENIEPH)
[email protected] 239-6510
Fundación Para La Inversión Y Desarrollo De Exportaciones (FIDE)
[email protected] www.hondurasinfo.hn
221-6307 y 221-6308
Gerentes Y Empresarios Asociados De Honduras ( GEMAH )
557-4432/33/53-3165
Asociación De Zonas Francas De Honduras (AZAFRANCA)
[email protected] 669-3321
Asociación Hondureña De Procesadores De Embutidos (AHPROEM)
[email protected] 557-4636
Cámara Hondureña De Puestos De Bolsas (CAHBOLSA)
239-6378/77/75
Asociación De Empresas De 239-1091
56
Seguridad E Investigación Privada De Honduras (ASEMSIPH) Asociación De Productores Avícolas De Honduras (PROAVIH)
[email protected] 557-4636
Asociación Nacional De Porcicultores De Honduras (ANAPOH)
[email protected] 556-5230
Asociación Hondureña De Productores De Alimentos Balanceados Para Animales (AHPROABA)
[email protected] 574-9707
Asociación Nacional De Universidades Privadas De Honduras (ANUPRIH)
[email protected] 238-6794
Nicaragua Consejo Superior de la Empresa Privada (COSEP)
[email protected] 2282032
Asociación Nicaragüense de Distribuidores de Vehículos Automotores (ANDIVA)
[email protected] 2683743/2683861
Asociación Nacional de Avicultores y de Productores de Alimentos (ANAPA)
[email protected], [email protected]
2771786
Asociación de Productores y Exportadores de Productos No Tradicionales (APENN)
[email protected] www.apen.org.ni
2686053
Cámara Nacional de Turismo (CANATUR)
[email protected] 2789971
Unión De Productores Agropecuarios de Nicaragua (UPANIC)
[email protected] 2783382/84
Instituto Nicaragüense de Desarrollo (INDE)
[email protected] www.inde.org.ni
2681901/ 2661337
Confederación de Asociaciones Profesionales de Nicaragua
[email protected] 2664065
Cámara Nicaragüense de la Construcción (CNC)
[email protected] 2663363/ 2683328
Cámara De La Pesca de Nicaragua (CAPENIC)
[email protected] 2787091/ 2782427
Cámara De Comercio de Nicaragua (CACONIC)
[email protected] www.caconic.org.ni
2683514/ 2683518/ 2683505
Cámara De Industria de Nicaragua (CADIN)
[email protected] www.cadin.org.ni
2668847/2668851
Panama Asociación Panameña de Ejecutivos de Empresa (APEDE)
[email protected] www.apede.org
227-3511 227-3902
Consejo Nacional de la Empresa Privada (CONEP)
[email protected] www.conep.org.pa
507-211-2672 / 211-2677
57
Centro Nacional de Competitividad (CNC)
227-3511
Cámara de Comercio, Industrias y Agricultura de Panamá (CCIyAP)
[email protected] www.panacamara.com
227-1233
Unión Nacional de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas – UNPYME
[email protected] www.unpyme.org
232-5808
Asociación Panameña de Hoteles – APATEL
[email protected] / [email protected]
301-1133
Cámara Minera de Panamá - CAMIPA [email protected] 224-2542 Asoc. de Distribuidores de Repuestos Automotrices y Llantas de Panamá - ADIRA
[email protected] 260-4200
Asociación Bancaria de Panamá (ABP)
Asociación Panameña de Corredores y Promotores de Bienes Raíces (ACOBIR)
Asociación Panameña de Aseguradores (APADEA)
Asoc. de Productores Procesadores y Exportadores de Productos del Mar – APPEXMAR
[email protected] 226-2590/226-2389
Asociación de Propietarios de Inmuebles de Panamá – API
225-3061
Asoc. de Representantes Distribuidores de Productos Farmacéuticos - AREDIS
236-1044
Asociación de Usuarios de la Zona Libre de Colón – AU
[email protected] 441-4244
Asociación Nacional de Avicultores de Panamá – ANAVIP
[email protected] www.anavip.com
226-3941
Asociación Nacional de Mueblerías e Instituciones de Crédito - ANAMIC
[email protected] 227-1235
Asociación Panameña de Corredores y Promotores de Bienes Raíces - ACOBIR
[email protected] www.acobir.com
228-7840/47
Asociación Panameña de Exportadores –APEX
[email protected] www.industriales.org
230-0260
Cámara de Comercio, Agricultura e Industria de Colón
[email protected] www.coloncamara.com
441-7223
Cámara Panameña de La Construcción – CAPAC
[email protected] / [email protected] www.capac.org
265-7000
Sindicato de Industriales de Panamá - SIP
[email protected] www.industriales.org
230-0284
Unión Nacional de Centros Educativos Particulares de Panamá - UNCEP
230-1832
Asociación Panameña de la Industria del Atún – APIA
264-7110
Asoc. Nacional de Financieras - ANAFI
[email protected] 225-9594
Dominican Republic
58
Consejo Nacional de la Empresa Privada (CONEP) [email protected] http://www.conep.org.do
ASOCIACION DE COMERCIANTES DE LA CALLE EL CONDE Y CIUDAD COLONIAL ASOC. FABRICANTES DE PROD. P/EL CUIDADO E HIGIENE PERSONAL Y DEL HOGAR [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE DISTRIBUIDORES DE GAS LICUADO DE PETROLEO ASOCIACION DE BANCOS COMERCIALES DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE BANCOS DE DESARROLLO, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE COMERCIANTES E INDUSTRIALES DE SANTIAGO, INC. (ACIS) [email protected] ASOCIACION DE CONCESIONARIOS DE FABRICANTES DE VEHICULOS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS INDUSTRIALES DE HERRERA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS INMOBILIARIAS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS REMESADORAS DE DIVISAS (ADEREDI) [email protected] ASOCIACION DE FABRICANTES DE EMBUTIDOS Y PROCESADOS DE CARNE, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE HACENDADOS Y AGRICULTORES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIALES DE LA REGION NORTE, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIAS DE BEBIDAS GASEOSAS DE LA REP. DOM., INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIAS DE HAINA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIAS DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIAS FARMACEUTICAS DOMINICANAS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE PEQUEÑAS Y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS ASOCIACION DE NAVIEROS DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE PRODUCTORES DE RON, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DE REPRESENTANTES, AGENTES Y PRODUCTORES FARMACEUTICOS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE ADMINISTRADORAS DE FONDOS DE PENSIONES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE CORREDORES DE SEGUROS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE EMPRESAS DE INVERSION EXTRANJERA, INC [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE EMPRESAS DE LEASING, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE EMPRESAS DE SEGURIDAD, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE EMPRESAS FINANCIERAS, INC. (ADEFI) [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE EXPORTADORES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE FABRICANTES DE CERVEZA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE FABRICANTES DE PINTURAS Y AFINES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE FACTORIAS DE ARROZ, INC. [email protected] ASOC. DOM. DE IGUALAS MEDICAS & ADMINISTRADORAS DE RIESGOS DE SALUD, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE INDUSTRIAS TEXTILES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE JOYERIAS Y ARTESANOS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE MUJERES EMPRESARIAS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE PRODUCTORES DE LECHE (APROLECHE) [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE TENERIAS [email protected]
59
ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE ZONAS FRANCAS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE AGENCIAS DISTRIBUIDORAS DE VEHICULOS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE CLINICAS Y HOSPITALES PRIVADOS , INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE HOTELES Y RESTAURANTES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE INDUSTRIALES DE LA HARINA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE JOVENES EMPRESARIOS [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE MUJERES EJECUTIVAS Y PROFESIONALES, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION PARA EL DESARROLLO DE MICROEMPRESAS, INC. [email protected] BOLSA DE VALORES DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA [email protected] CAMARA AMERICANA DE COMERCIO DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA [email protected] CAMARA BRITANICA DE COMERCIO DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA [email protected] CAMARA DE COMERCIO DE TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO, INC. [email protected] CAMARA DE COMERCIO DOMINICO JAPONESA [email protected] CAMARA DE COMERCIO DOMINICO-CANADIENSE, INC. [email protected] CAMARA DE COMERCIO Y PRODUCCION DE SANTIAGO, INC. [email protected] CAMARA DE COMERCIO Y PRODUCCION DE SANTO DOMINGO [email protected] CAMARA DOMINICANA DE ASEGURADORES Y REASEGURADORES, INC. [email protected] CAMARA DOMINICANA DE LA CONSTRUCCION [email protected] CONFEDERACION PATRONAL DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA [email protected] FEDERACION DE ASOCIACIONES DE PLAZAS Y ARTERIAS COMERCIALES, INC. FEDERACION DE CAMARAS EUROPEAS DE COMERCIO DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, INC. [email protected] FEDERACION DE MUJERES EMPRESARIAS DOMINICO INTERNACIONAL, INC. [email protected] JUNTA AGROEMPRESARIAL DOMINICANA [email protected] REPRESENTANTES E IMPORTADORES DE VINOS Y LICORES ASOCIADOS, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE ADMINISTRADORAS DE RIESGOS DE SALUD(ADARS) [email protected] CONFEDERACION DOMINICANA DE LA PEQUEÑA Y MEDIANA EMPRESA [email protected] ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE AGENTES DE CARGA AEREA Y MARITIMA, INC. [email protected] ORGANIZACIÓN NACIONAL DE EMPRESAS COMERCIALES, INC. [email protected] CAMARA DE COMERCIO DOMINICO-BELGA, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE RENT-CAR, INC. [email protected] ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE DUEÑOS DE LABORATORIOS PRIVADOS, INC. [email protected]
60
ANNEX 3 List of organizations from Sothern Cone that support the recommendations of their region’s report
By alphabetical order Argentina
ASOCIACION DE BANCOS DE LA ARGENTINA (ABA) Presidente
Mario Luis Vicens SAN MARTIN 229 P.10
C1004AAE - CAPITAL FEDERAL Teléfono 4394-1836 - Fax 4394-6340
ASOCIACION DE BANCOS PRIVADOS DE CAPITAL ARGENTINO (ADEBA)
Presidente Jorge Horacio Brito
SARMIENTO 731 P.4 C1041AAO - CAPITAL FEDERAL
Teléfono 4325-0630/3646 Fax 4393-8338
BOLSA DE COMERCIO DE BUENOS AIRES
Presidente Adelmo Gabbi
SARMIENTO 299 P.1 C1041AAE - CAPITAL FEDERAL
Teléfono 4316-7000 (LR) - Fax 4316-7061
CAMARA ARGENTINA DE COMERCIO (CAC) Presidente
Carlos De La Vega AV.LEANDRO N.ALEM 36
C1003AAN - CAPITAL FEDERAL Teléfono 5300-9000/5300-9073
CAMARA ARGENTINA DE LA CONSTRUCCION (CAMARCO)
Presidente Carlos E. G. Wagner
AV. PASEO COLON 823 P.8 C1063ACI - CAPITAL FEDERAL
Teléfono 4361-8778 Fax 4361-8778
CONSEJO INTERAMERICANO DE COMERCIO Y PRODUCCION (CICyP)
Presidente Julio Werthein
Dirección: SARMIENTO 299 P.5 OF.500 C1041AAE - CAPITAL FEDERAL Teléfono 4316-7000 (LR) INT.7458
Fax 4315-8468
CONFEDERACION GENERAL ECONOMICA DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA - (CGERA) Presidente
Marcelo Fernández AV. RIVADAVIA 1115 P.4
C1033AAB - CAPITAL FEDERAL Teléfono 4381-5576/4384-8215 - Fax 4381-5576/4384-8215
61
UNION INDUSTRIAL ARGENTINA (UIA) Presidente
Héctor Méndez Dirección: AV. DE MAYO 1147/57 C1085ABB - CAPITAL FEDERAL
Teléfono 4124-2300 Fax 4124-2301
Chile
Cámara de Comercio de Santiago de Chile Presidente
Carlos E. Jorquiera M. Santiago de Chile
562-3607013
Paraguay
AmCham Paraguay Director Ejecutivo Gerald McCulloch
Cámara de Anunciantes de Paraguay
Presidente Carlos Jorge Biedermann
Pitiantuta 640 c/ Siria Asunción - Paraguay
Teléfono: 595 21 212169 Fax: 595 21 212-169
Cámara de Comercio Paraguayo-Americana
Presidente Roberto Chihan Gen. Díaz 521
Asunción – Paraguay Teléfono: 59521-442135
Fax: 59521-442136
Unión Industrial Paraguaya Presidente
Guillermo Stanley Cerro Corá entre EE.UU. Y Brasil
Asunción – Paraguay Teléfono (595-21) 212-556 /7 /8
Fax: (595-21) 213-360 Uruguay
Cámara Nacional de Comercio y Servicios del Uruguay
Presidente José Luis Puig
Rincón 454 - Piso 2 11.000 Montevideo, Uruguay
Teléfono (5982) 916-1277 Fax: (5982) 916-1243
62
ANNEX 4 List of the Andean Private Sector Organizations Consulted
as part of this Report
BOLIVIA CÁMARA DE INDUSTRIA, COMERCIO, SERVICIOS Y TURISMO DE SANTA CRUZ – CAINCO Lic. Gabriel Dabdoub Alvarez PRESIDENTE Av. Las Américas, 7 Casilla, 180 Santa Cruz CÁMARA DEPARTAMENTAL DE EXPORTADORES Lic. Rosendo Barbery Paz PRESIDENTE Av. Velarde, 131 Casilla, 3440 Santa Cruz CÁMARA FORESTAL DE BOLIVIA Sr. Juan Abuawad Chahuan PRESIDENTE Calle Manuel Ignacio Salvatierra, 1055 Casilla, 346 Santa Cruz CÁMARA NACIONAL DE INDUSTRIAS Ing. Eduardo Peinado PRESIDENTE Av. Mariscal Santa Cruz Nº 1392, Piso14 Edificio Cámara Nacional de Comercio Casilla, 611 La Paz CÁMARA DEPARTAMENTAL DE INDUSTRIA Sr. Jaime Yapur Prado PRESIDENTE Av. Ballivián Nº 782 Casilla, 221 Cochabamba CÁMARA DE COMERCIO Y SERVICIOS DE COCHABAMBA Ing. Luis Durán Z. PRESIDENTE Calle Sucre, E-336 Casilla, 493 Cochabamba CÁMARA DE INDUSTRIA Y COMERCIO DE CHUQUISACA Lic. Marcelo Cuéllar Loayza PRESIDENTE Calle España, 64 Casilla, 33
63
Sucre COLOMBIA ASOCIACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE FABRICANTES DE AUTOPARTES -ACOLFA Camilo Llinás Angulo Presidente Dirección: Cra 10 No. 27-27 Of. 1010 Edificio Bachué Teléfono: 2 842409 - 2 841761 - 2 817782 Fax: 2 814157 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE MEDIANAS Y PEQUEÑAS INDUSTRIAS - ACOPI Juan Alfredo Pinto Saavedra Presidente Ejecutivo Dirección: Cra. 15 No. 36-70 Teléfax: 3204783-84-85 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE INDUSTRIAS PLÁSTICAS – ACOPLASTICOS Carlos Alberto Garay Salamanca Presidente Dirección: Calle 69 No. 5-33 Teléfono: 3 460655 Fax: 2 496997 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE EXPORTADORES - ANALDEX Javier Diaz Molina Presidente Ejecutivo Dirección: Cra. 10 No. 27-27 Int. 137 Of. 902 Edificio Bachué Teléfono: 3 420788 Ext. 10- Fax: 3 420788 ext. 11 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE INDUSTRIALES - ANDI Luis Carlos Villegas Echeverri Presidente Dirección: Cra. 13 No. 26-45 Piso 6 Teléfono: 323 8500 334 9423 Fax: 2862056 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN BANCARIA Y DE INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS DE COLOMBIA – ASOBANCARIA Patricia Cardenas Santamaria Presidente Dirección: Cra. 9 No. 74-08 Piso 9 Teléfono 3266600 3441200 Fax: 3266601 3441201 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE EXPORTADORES DE FLORES – ASOCOLFLORES Augusto Solano Mejía Presidente Dirección: Cra. 9 No. 90-53
64
Teléfono: 2 579311 Fax: 2 183693 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE CULTIVADORES DE CAÑA - ASOCAÑA Ricardo Villaveces Pardo Presidente Dirección: Cra. 7 No. 24-89 Of. 4203 Teléfono: 2410556/57/59 Fax Btá: 2410554 Calí 926 647902 – 647007 - 645888 CÁMARA COLOMBIANA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN - CAMACOL Beatriz Uribe Botero Dirección: Calle 70A No. 10-22 Teléfono: 2177166 - 217 7166 – 2173130 3474814 Fax: 2 119559 Bogotá FEDERACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE TRANSPORTADORES DE CARGA POR CARRETERA - COLFECAR Jaime Sorzano Serrano Presidente Dirección: Tranvs. 29 No. 39A-47 Teléfono: 3 440077 Fax: 2 685167 Bogotá CONFEDERACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE CÁMARAS DE COMERCIO - CONFECÁMARAS Eugenio Marulanda Gomez Presidente Ejecutivo Dirección: Cra 13 No.27-47 Of 502 Teléfono: 3467055 Fax:3467026-3467517 Bogotá ASOCIACIÓN HOTELERA DE COLOMBIA – COTELCO Jaime Alberto Cabal Sanclemente Presidente Dirección: Cra 7 No.60-92 TEléfono: 3103640 ext. 106 Fax: 3103509 Bogotá FEDERACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE ASEGURADORES - FASECOLDA Roberto Junguito Presidente Ejecutivo Dirección: Cra. 7 No. 26-20 Piso 11 Teléfono: 2 108080 Fax: 2107090- 2107041 Bogotá FEDERACIÓN NACIONAL DE GANADEROS - FEDEGAN Jose Felix Lafaurie Rivera Presidente Ejecutivo Dirección: Calle 37 No. 14-31 Teléfono: 5782020
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Fax: 5782102 Bogotá FEDERACIÓN NACIONAL DE COMERCIANTES FENALCO Guillermo Botero Nieto Presidente Dirección: Cra. 4 No. 19-85 Piso 7 Teléfono: 3500600 - 3 506536 Fax: 3 509424 Bogotá SOCIEDAD DE AGRICULTORES DE COLOMBIA - SAC Rafael Mejía López Presidente Dirección: Cra.7 No. 24-89 Of. 4402 Teléfono: 2410038/36/37/35/34/29 Fax: 2410031-2410030 Bogotá ECUADOR FEDERACION NACIONAL DE CAMARAS DE INDUSTRIAS DEL ECUADOR Ing. Mauricio Pinto Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 10 Teléfono: 593 2 2452992 Fax: 593 2 2448118 Quito ASOCIACION DE LINEA BLANCA DEL ECUADOR -A.L.B.E.- Dr. Javier Mora Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas 4080 y Naciones Unidas Teléfono: 593 2 2261817 Fax: 593 2 2261766 Quito ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS AUTOMOTRICES DEL ECUADOR -A.E.A.D.E.- Sr. Nicanor Calisto Presidente Dirección: Nuñez de Vela E 3-13 y Atahualpa Teléfono: 593 2 2269052 Fax: 593 2 2269055 Quito ASOCIACION DE GANADEROS DE LA SIERRA Y EL ORIENTE -A.G.S.O.- Ing. Juan Pablo Grijalva Gerente General Dirección: Granda Centeno 704 y Carondelet Teléfono: 593 2 2444102 Fax: 593 2 2440989 Quito
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ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIALES GRAFICOS -A.I.G.- Ing. Jorge Naranjo Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 8 Teléfono: 593 2 2456664 Fax: 593 2 2456664 Quito ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIALES MADEREROS -A.I.M.A.- Ing. Carlos Maldonado Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 7 Teléfono: 593 2 2923799 Fax: 593 2 2439560 Quito ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIALES TEXTILES DEL ECUADOR -A.I.T.E.- Sr. Javier Díaz Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 8 Teléfono: 593 2 2451286 Fax: 593 2 2445159 Quito CORPORACION DE LA INDUSTRIA FARMACEUTICA DE INVESTIGACION -I.F.I.- Sr. Salomón Jiménez Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas 4600 y José Pereira Edf. Exprocom (altos de Casa Vivanco) Teléfono: 593 2 2242914 Fax: 593 2 2254004 Quito ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE EMPRESARIOS -A.N.D.E.- Dr. José Aguirre Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas 1429 y Colón Edf. España piso 6, ofc. 67 Teléfono: 593 2 2238507 Fax: 593 2 2269055 Quito ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE FABRICANTES DE ALIMENTOS Y BEBIDAS -A.N.F.A.B.- Sr. Christian Wahli Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas 2597 y La Granja Edf. La Carolina, ofc. 201 Teléfono: 593 2 2447817 Fax: 593 2 2453005 Quito
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FEDERACION ECUATORIANA DE INDUSTRIAS PROCESADORAS DEL METAL Y PRODUCTO DE ACERO, MAQUINARIA Y EQUIPO -F.E.D.I.M.E.T.A.L.- Ing. Ramiro Garzón Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 8 Teléfono: 593 2 2447054 Fax: 593 2 2457683 Quito ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE CULTIVADORES DE PALMA AFRICANA -A.N.C.U.P.A.- Dr. Jorge Román Presidente Dirección: Granda Centeno OE 4-225 y Carondelet Teléfono: 593 2 2459766 Fax: 593 2 2447867 Quito ASOCIACION DE PRODUCTORES Y EXPORTADORES DE FLORES DEL ECUADOR -EXPOFLORES- Ec. Diego Borja Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 12 Teléfono: 593 2 2923646 Fax: 593 2 2923646 Quito CAMARA DE LA INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTRIZ ECUATORIANA -C.I.N.A.E.- Sr. Ernesto Timpe Presidente Dirección: Av. Amazonas y República Edf. Las Cámaras piso 7 Teléfono: 593 2 2450050 Fax: 593 2 2445900 Quito FEDERACION NACIONAL DE EXPORTADORES -F.E.D.E.X.P.O.R.- Ing. Gonzalo Correa Presidente Dirección: Iñaquito y Juan Pablo Sanz Edf. Colegio de Economistas , piso 4 Teléfono: 593 2 2449723 Fax: 593 2 2440574 Quito ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIALES LICOREROS -A.D.I.L.E.- Dr. Rafael Corral Presidente Dirección: Octavio Chacón 417 Teléfono: 593 7 2806333 Fax: 593 7 2807600 Cuenca
