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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti
xelnaweris uflebiT
daviT darsaveliZe
adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instrumentebi
(Tesalonikis, napa valisa da Tbilisis turistuli klasterebis magaliTze)
ekonomikis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili disertaciis
a v t o r e f e r a t i
Tbilisi
2014
1
naSromi Sesrulebulia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis ekonomikuri da
socialuri statistikis kaTedraze
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: simon gelaSvili
profesori,
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
oficialuri Semfaseblebi: 1. ineza gagniZe
asocirebuli profesori,
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
2. gogita TodraZe
ekonomikis doqtori,
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
disertaciis dacva Sedgeba 2015 wlis 4 Tebervali, 14 saaTze ivane
javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da
biznesis fakultetis sadisertacio sabWos sxdomaze.
misamarTi: 0186, Tbilisi, universitetis q. 2; Tsu X korpusi, auditoria #206.
disertaciis gacnoba SesaZlebelia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis samecniero biblioTekaSi.
sadisertacio sabWos swavluli mdivani
ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori m. lobJaniZe
2
avtoreferatis struqtura:
Temis aqtualoba ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi ....................................................................................................................................... 6
kvlevis obieqti da sagani ............................................................................................................................................... 7
kvlevis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZveli ............................................................................. 7
naSromis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis sistematizacia ......................................................................................... 8
sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle ............................................................................................. 21
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba ...................................................................................................................... 23
naSromis aprobacia da publikacia .................................................................................................................... 24
naSromis struqtura da moculoba .................................................................................................................... 25
3
Temis aqtualoba
saqarTveloSi, sabazro ekonomikis pirobebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba, umTavresad 1991 wlis damoukideblobis
aRdgenis Semdgom periods ukavSirdeba. Tumca, samoqalaqo omma, konfliqtebma
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, misi ganviTarebis procesi Seaferxa.
Sesabamisad, gamococxlebis periodi 1990-iani wlebis bolodan daiwyo (mcire
konceptualuri, sakanonmdeblo Tu sxva qmedebebi) da ganviTarebis sawyis
fazaSi vardebis revoluciis Semdeg Sevida. aqtiuri reformirebis procesi
da adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis dagegmvisa Tu biznes garemos
ganviTarebis xelSewyobis kuTxiT, sagulisxmo praqtikuli qmedebebis (mcire
biznesis xelSewyobis meqanizmebis danergva, strategiebis SemuSaveba da a.S.)
ganxorcieleba swored am dros ukavSirdeba. amasTan, es procesi ar Seexo
yvela TviTmmarTvelobas da umTavresad msxvil aglomeraciul erTeulebsa
Tu urbanul teritoriebze aisaxa. am mxriv, ikveTeba Tbilisis, rogorc
lideris pozicia da swored is moiazreba saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gamocdilebis saerTaSoriso praqtikis umTavres
mimReb mxared, romelic Semdgom transmisiis funqcias asrulebs am codnis
sxva TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis Tu dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis gadacemis
TvalsazrisiT (Tbilisis saerTaSoriso adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis forumebi, konferenciebi, saswavlo vizitebi sazRvargareT da
a.S.).
msoflioSi aprobirebuli praqtikis mixedviT, yvelaze mzardi
ekonomikuri potenciali momsaxurebis sferoSia; adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis stimulirebac xSir SemTxvevaSi swored momsaxurebis sferos
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. sasurveli sainvesticio garemos Seqmna
warmoudgenelia momsaxurebis sferos saTanado ganviTarebis gareSe. turizmi
ki momsaxurebis sferos erT-erTi wamyvani da swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri
saqmianobaa. gamonaklisi arc saqarTveloa. Sesabamisad, turizmis ganviTarebis
sakiTxi, Cveni qveynis turistuli potencialis pirobebSi (bunebrivi,
kulturuli, geografiuli, istoriuli Tu sxva), yuradRebis miRma ver
4
darCeba. garda amisa, saqarTvelo, misi xelsayreli geopolitikuri
mdebareobiT, samxreT kavkasiaSi erTaderTi neitraluri adgilia regionuli
SexvedrebisTvis. amasTan, regionSi arsebuli umTavresi satransporto
magistralebi swored saqarTveloze gaivlis da evropasa da azias,
CrdiloeTsa da samxreTs Soris bunebrivad Camoyalibebul satransporto
derefans qmnis. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos dedaqalaqs samxreT kavkasiis
regionis karibWis funqcia akisria da regionSi biznesis keTebiT
dainteresebuli subieqtebis SexvedrebisaTvis saukeTeso adgils warmoadgens.
swored amitomacaa, rom TbilisSi mravladaa saerTaSoriso organizaciebis
regionuli warmomadgenlobiTi ofisebi da kavkasiis regionis umTavresi
Sexvedrebi Tu sxva masStaburi RonisZiebebi swored saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqSi imarTeba. yovelive zemoT Tqmuli ki miuTiTebs Tbilisis
turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis did mniSvnelobasa da potencialze.
Tbilisis turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia
damatebiTi ekonomikuri resursebis mozidva da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis
gaziareba. Tbilisis turistuli klasteris saTanado analizisaTvis
sainteresoa sxva qveynebis TviTmmarTvelobebis (qalaqisa Tu regionis)
turistuli klasterebis Seswavla da Semdgom SedarebiTi analizi. vfiqrobT,
im TviTmmarTvelobebis Seswavlaa mniSvnelovani, romlebic turistul
klasters ganviTarebis wamyvan mimarTulebad moiazreben da Sesabamisad,
ekonomikuri zrdis erT-erT umTavres berketad iyeneben. SedarebisTvis Cven
mier SerCeuli iqna Tesalonikisa (saberZneTi) da napa valis (aSS) turistuli
klasterebi. Tesalonikis turistuli klasteri, istoriul-kulturuli
memkvidreobiTa Tu geografiuli adgilmdebareobiT, Tbilisis msgavsad,
udidesi turistuli potencialis matarebelia da misi saSualebiT
SeviswavleT evrokavSiris im wevri qveynis gamocdileba, sadac turizmi
ganviTarebis erT-erTi umTavresi instrumentia, xolo napa valis SemTxvevaSi
SeviswavleT warmatebuli turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis faqtorebi da
regionuli mmarTvelobiTi instituciebis roli klasteris ganviTarebaSi
amerikis SeerTebuli StatebSi.
5
adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, rogorc Teoriuli,
iseve praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, kargad aris Seswavlili saerTaSoriso
samecniero literaturaSi. am Temis Seswavlas eZRvneba mTeli rigi samecniero
publikaciebi, rasac aqtiurad veyrdnobiT mocemul disertaciaSi. samecniero-
kvleviTi jgufebi, universitetebis bazaze Seqmnili organizaciebi da
mravali sakonsultacio kompania aqtiuradaa CarTuli am sferoSi arsebuli
codnis komercializaciis procesSi. msoflios Zlieri ekonomikis qveynebSi
didi gamocdilebaa dagrovili am TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia,
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, evropisa da aziis mowinave qveynebis
gamocdileba. kerZod, sazRvargareTuli literaturis ganxilvisas aqtiurad
viyenebT a. marSalis, m. porteris, p. krugmanis, e. bleiqlis, t. bredSous, h.
etzkoviCis, d. osbornis, t. gebleris, r. denhartis, n. komninosis, t. poisteris
Tu sxvaTa samecniero Sromebs.
am mimarTulebiT samecniero kvlevebis kuTxiT, saqarTveloSi
gansxvavebuli situaciaa. ekonomikis transformaciis pirobebSi, im
cvlilebebis fonze, rac qveyanaSi mimdinareobda, zogadad samecniero sferos
ganviTarebaze metad uaryofiTad aisaxa. Sesabamisad, adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Temaze samecniero kvlevebi SedarebiT mcire
raodenobiTaa warmodgenili.
qarTuli samecniero literaturis ganxilvisas, adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis zogadi sakiTxebis Seswavlisas, gamoviyeneT e.
meqvabiSvilis, e. xaraiSvilis, i. gagniZis, m. CavleiSvilis, g. orbeliani-
ivaniaSvilis, k. kikabiZis, s. gelaSvilis da sxvaTa samecniero naSromebi,
xolo uSualod turizmis analizisas daveyrdeniT n. abesaZis, d. abulaZis, n.
kvaracxelias, m. margvelaSvilis da sxvaTa samecniero da praqtikul Sromebs.
aqtiurad gamoviyeneT agreTve erovnuli da TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis
(Tbilisis) SemuSavebuli strategiebi, moxsenebebi, oficialuri statistikuri
masala da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis sarekomendacio-saxelmZRvanelo
dokumentebi.
6
kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi
saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mecnieruli analizis
mcire gamocdileba arsebobs. swored amitom, Cveni sadisertacio kvlevis
umTavresi miznebia:
sazRvargareTis qveynebSi aprobirebuli adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis Teoriisa da saukeTeso praqtikis sistemuri Seswavla da
saqarTveloSi danergvis SesaZleblobebis gamovlena, Teoriuli
siaxleebis SemoTavazeba da maTi praqtikaSi danergva;
saqarTvelos adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, didi
potencialis mqone erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTulebis – turizmis
ganviTarebisTvis samoqmedo nabijebis identificireba Tesalonikis, napa
valisa da Tbilisis turistuli klasterebis magaliTze.
aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad umTavresi amocanebia:
1. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instrumentebis sistemuri gaazreba
Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT da saqarTveloSi danergvis SesaZleblobebis
SemoTavazeba, rac gulisxmobs Semdegi sakiTxebis analizs: regionalizmi,
inovacia da sainovacio garemo, TviTmmarTvelobebis strategiuli marTva,
klasteruli ganviTareba da konkurentunarianoba, qseluri
TanamSromlobis meTodologiis ganviTareba da sakiTxebis praqtikuli
kvleva.
2. turizmis, rogorc saqarTvelos adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
erT-erTi instrumentis win wamoweva.
3. sazRvargareTis ganviTarebadi (Tesalonikis magaliTi) da warmatebuli
(napa valis magaliTi) turistuli klasterebis praqtikuli gamocdilebis
originaluri kvleva da saqarTveloSi klasterebis ganviTarebis mizniT,
am gamocdilebis gaziarebis SesaZleblobebis analizi.
4. Tbilisis turistuli klasteris analizi da misi ganviTarebisTvis
rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.
7
kvlevis obieqti da sagani
sadisertacio naSromis Seswavlis obieqtia adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis instrumentebi, xolo Seswavlis sagania Tesalonikis, napa valisa
da Tbilisis turistuli klasterebi, regionalizmis, inovacisa da inovaciuri
garemos, strategiuli marTvis, qseluri TanamSromlobis, klasterebisa da
konkurentunarianobis sistemebi.
kvlevis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZveli
sadisertacio naSromis Teoriuli safuZvels warmoadgens: adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis, regionalizmis, menejmentis Teoriebi, rogorc
sazRvargareTis, ise saqarTvelos mecnier-ekonomistTa Teoriuli da
gamoyenebiTi xasiaTis mecnieruli gamokvlevebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis
mier SemuSavebuli ganviTarebis gzamkvlevebi da sxva adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saxelmZRvaneloebi.
sadisertacio naSromi efuZneba induqcia-deduqciisa da dialeqtikis
zogad meTodologiur safuZvlebs. masSi gamoyenebulia ekonomikuri analizi
da statistikuri meTodebi. statistikuri meTodebi moicavs: dakvirvebis,
Tavmoyra-dajgufebisa da analizis meTodebs. turistuli klasterebis kvleva
daefuZna rogorc pirveladi, aseve meoradi informaciis analizs. kvlevis
dros gamoyenebuli iyo SerCeviTi gamokvlevebis, sociologiuri gamokiTxvis,
saindeqso, absoluturi da SefardebiTi sidideebis, saSualoebis da variaciis
maCveneblebis, statistikuri informaciis grafikuli gamosaxvis, dinamikuri
mwkrivebis da sxva meTodebi.
sadisertacio naSromis pirveli sami Tavi daeTmo literaturis
kritikul analizs, qseluri TanamSromlobis ukeT Sesaswavlad
warmovadgineT Cven mier SemuSavebuli axali meTodologia. kerZod, turizmis
klasteris Sesaswavlad movamzadeT kiTxvari, masze dafuZnebiT SevimuSaveT
indikatorebi, indeqsebi da dekartes koordinatTa sistemaze maTi svot
analizis msgavsad asaxvis meTodologia.
sadisertacio naSromis meoTxe da mexuTe Tavebi srulad daeTmo pirvel
nawilSi gamoyenebuli Teoriuli sakiTxebis praqtikul magaliTebze
8
ganxilvas. Tesalonikis iseve, rogorc Tbilisis turistuli klasteris
ganxilvisas, ZiriTadad daveyrdeniT e. etzkoviCis inovaciis sammagi spiralis
models, m. porteris klasterebis Teorias, konkuretunarianobis almasis
modelsa da Cven mier SemuSavebuli qseluri TanamSromlobis Seswavlis
meTodologias. rac Seexeba napa valis Rvinis turizmis magaliTs, am
SemTxvevaSi ufro meti yuradReba gamaxvilda klasteris Camoyalibebis
processa da faqtorebze, regionuli mmarTvelobis formebze da zogadad p.
krugmanis centri-periferiis modelze.
naSromis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis sistematizacia
sadisertacio kvlevam cxadyo, rom adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis mowinave praqtikis danergva warmoudgenelia misi sistemuri
analizisa da marTvis rigi sakiTxebis mWidro kavSirSi ganxilvis gareSe.
Sesabamisad, am kvlevis Semdegi mimarTulebebi gamovkveTeT: regionuli
mmarTvelobis roli turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis procesSi; adgilis
turistuli inovaciuri garemo; strategiuli menejmentis meqanizmebis
mniSvneloba ganviTarebis sistemuri marTvisaTvis; turistuli klasterebi,
maTi Taviseburebani sxva tipis klasterebisgan gansxvavebiT da adgilis
konkurentunarianobis faqtorebi; turizmis klasteris ganviTarebiT
dainteresebuli mxareebis qceva da midgomebi; qseluri TanamSromlobis
mniSvneloba, susti qseluri TanamSromlobis daZlevis gzebi da adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituciuri mowyoba. Sesabamisad, am
mimarTulebebis mixedviT pirveli ori Tavi Semdegi saxiT Camoyalibda:
Tavi I. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba
adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesis ganxilva
warmoudgenelia regionalizmisa da TviTmmarTvelobis saTanado formebis
SerCevis gareSe. TiToeul teritoriis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi
saTanadod unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli ganviTarebis ama Tu im stadiaze.
ganviTarebisTvis aucilebeli kompetenciebis erTi nawili
TviTmmarTvelobebis sazRvrebSi eqceva, meore ki scdeba mas da regionul
gadawyvetas saWiroebs. regionuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis marTva ki
9
yovelTvis kompleqsur midgomas saWiroebs. am naSromSi yuradReba
gavamaxvileT regionuli mmarTvelobis formaze, rac Tanamedrove msoflioSi
teritoriebis moqnili marTvis metad misaReb instruments warmoadgens.
regionuli mmarTveloba bunebrivad Camoyalibebuli ekonomikuri sivrceebis
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels da administraciul-teritoriuli dayofiT
warmoqmnili ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelovnuri barierebis daZlevis
saSualebas iZleva. es kargad Cans Cven mier SemuSavebuli adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituciuri mowyobis modelze, sadac mkveTradaa
gamijnuli kaliforniasa da texasSi aprobirebuli TviTmmarTvelobisa da
regionuli mmarTvelobis instituciebi da kompetenciebi.
adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis marTvis regionuli midgoma,
ganviTarebis ama Tu im stadiaze saWiro, sxvadasxva instrumentis gamoyenebas
uwyobs xels. pirvel stadiaze igi firmebis mozidvis strategias
astimulirebs, meore stadiaze maTi adgilze SenarCunebis politikas
axorcielebs da mesame stadiaze unikaluri biznes garemos Camoyalibebaze
zrunavs. swored mesame stadiaa inovaciasa da qselur kavSirebze, e. w. codnis
ekonomikaze damyarebuli adgilobrivi ekonomikuri garemos formirebis
stadia, rac TavisTavad xels uwyobs rogorc pirveli, aseve meore stadiis
politikis erTiani sistemis qveS moqcevas da orientirebulia
maRalanazRaurebadi, ufro produqtiuli da daxvewili saqonlisa Tu
momsaxurebis warmoebaze, rac saboloo jamSi, adgilis konkurentunarianobis
amaRlebas ganapirobebs. swored am tipis strategiis SemuSavebaa
mniSvnelovani saqarTvelos adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
misaRwevad.
Tavi II. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sistemebi da marTvis meqanizmebi
am TavSi gavaanalizeT inovacia da qseluri kavSirebi, rogorc adgilis
konkurentunarianobis mamoZravebeli umniSvnelovanesi faqtorebi da adgilis
unikaluri kompetenciebis ganviTarebis saSualeba. am ori faqtoris
marTebuli kombinacia xels uwyobs adgilis konkurentuli upiratesobis
ganviTarebas (dainteresebul mxareTa resursebis mobilizebas da erTobliv
10
qmedebas) da globaluri gamowvevebis winaSe sapasuxo mzaobas. sxva sityvebiT,
Zlieri lokalizacia, globalizaciiT gamowveuli safrTxeebis Semakavebel
faqtorad, erTgvar regulatorad gvevlineba. Sesabamisad, maTi saSualebiT
viTardeba klasteri da Seqmnili adgilobrivi biznes garemo adgilis
warmatebas ganapirobebs. inovaciis sammagi spiralis modeli mosaxerxebli
saSualebaa inovaciuri garemos ganviTarebaSi dainteresebul mxareTa
wvlilis analizisTvis. Tumca, sasurveli iqneba Tu mas daemateba
sazogadoebis spirali, rac sabolood oTxmagi spiralis models
Camoayalibebs. sazogadoebis spiralis damateba mniSvnelovania, radgan is
ganviTarebis procesis monawile umniSvnelovanesi mxarea da misi CarTulobis
Tu interesebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe inovaciuri garemos ganviTarebaze
laparakic ki zedmetia.
garda amisa, kritikulad ganvixileT inovaciuri garemos
CamoyalibebisaTvis aucilebeli strategiuli marTvis instrumenti, misi
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. strategiuli marTva mizanmimarTuli
nabijebis erTgvar erTobliobas qmnis da dainteresebuli subieqtebis Zlieri
da susti mxareebis gaazrebisa da maTi erToblivi qmedebis saSualebas
iZleva. strategiuli marTvis procesi dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTvas
gulisxmobs. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli mxareebi procesis monawileebi xdebian
da maTi interesebis saTanadod gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi, strategiuli
xedvis realizaciisTvis partniorebad iqcevian, klasterebis saTanado
ganviTareba swored strategiuli marTvis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
amasTan, yuradReba gavamaxvileT m. porteris mier mocemuli klasterebis
Teoriasa da konkurentunarianobis almasis modelze qseluri kavSirebisa da
konkurentunarianobis faqtorebis Sesaswavlad. misi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia
adgilobrivi ekonomikis Zlieri da susti mxareebis identificireba,
warmatebuli qmedebebis win waweva, warumateblobis maqsimalurad Tavidan
acileba da sabolo jamSi ki, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. i. fvoks-
viliamsi sainteresod ayalibebs agreTve klasteris ganviTarebis process,
rac am Teoriis praqtikuli gamoyenebis erTgvar gzamkvlevs qmnis.
11
am TavSive gavaanalizeT Tanamedrove sainformacio teqnologiebis
SesaZleblobebi codnis marTvis da misi meSveobiT droisa da resursebis
ufro efeqtianad gamoyenebis, produqtebis swrafi ganviTarebis, produqtis
popularizaciasa da realizebis kuTxiT. Tanamedrove socialuri mediis Tu
sainformacio teqnologiebis saSualebiT SesaZloa samizne jgufebis ufro
iolad mozidva da adgilobrivi turistuli produqtis SeTavazeba. misi
saSualebiT SeiZleba gaumjobesdes qseluri kavSirebi da TanamSromlobis
stimulireba moxdes im mxareebs Sorisac ki, romlebic erTmaneTis gardauval
konkurentebad gvevlinebian. virtualuri sainformacio sistemebi erTgvarad
avsebs sainovacio garemos (ix grafiki #1).
grafiki # 1. sainovacio garemo
zemoT moyvanili adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sistemurma
analizma da literaturis kritikulma ganxilvam TviTmmarTvelobebisa Tu
regionis ganviTarebis kuTxiT Tavisi udidesi mniSvneloba cxadyo. naSromis
mesame, meoTxe da mexuTe Tavebi ki srulad daeTmo zemoT mocemuli
Teoriuli naazrevis konkretul sferosa da praqtikul magaliTebze
ganxilvas. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mimarTulebebidan
WWW da IT qselebze
dafuZnebuli
TanamSromlobis
saSualebebi
sakomunikaci
teqnologiebi
ganviTarebuli( Intelligence ) sazogadoeba
inovaciuri
garemo
informaciis
marTvis saSualebebi
ganviTarebuli (intelligent) instituciebi
realuri inteleqtualuri garemo
garemo sadac SesaZloa inovacia,
ganviTarebuli teqnologiebiTa da
kompetenciebiT, sadac viTardeba
virtualuri samyaro droisa da
sivrceSi arsebuli wyvetis Sesavsebad
realuri
virtual
uri
12
gamovyaviT turizmi, rogorc erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTuleba da swored
mis mixedviT gavaanalizeT adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba.
Tavi III. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba turizmis magaliTze
mesame Tavi srulad daeTmo turizmis klasteris Taviseburebebis
analizs. naTlad gamoikveTa, rom turizmis mimarTuleba gansxvavdeba sxva
ekonomikuri saqmianobebis saxeebisagan, radgan is gansxvavebul produqts,
umTavresad adgilTan dakavSirebul unikalur atraqcias sTavazobs
momxmareblebs. Sesabamisad, turistuli produqtebi swored am atraqciis
garSemo viTardeba da maTi gadaadgileba naklebad SesaZlebelia1. aqedan
gamomdinare, centri-periferiis modelis ganxilvisas am sferos ganviTareba,
kerZod, turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba, iseve rogorc sawarmoo
Zalebis sivrciTi ganawileba, didad aris damokidebuli satransporto
infrastruqturis saTanado ganviTarebaze. turistebis mxridan aRniSnul
produqtze moTxovna drois, danaxarjebisa da servisis xarisxis
faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli. gamonaklisebs Tu ar ganvixilavT, turizmis
sferoSi moRvawe instituciebis umetesi nawili naklebad moqnilia
gadaadgilebis TvalsazrisiT, maSin rodesac sxva sferos sawarmoebi advilad
SeiZleba gadaadgildnen sxva adgilas, Tu es adgili ganviTarebisTvis ufro
met stimulebs SesTavazebs. garda amisa, turizmis sfero metad mosaxerxebeli
saqmianobaa, radgan sxva biznesebis ganviTarebisTvis Semavsebel, damxmare
funqcias asrulebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT turizmi erT-
erTi yvelaze didi sferoa mTels msoflioSi da saqarTvelos turistuli
potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT dRes metad mimzidvelia Cveni qveynis
ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis.
amave TavSi gavaanalizeT qseluri kavSirebis ganviTarebis mniSvneloba.
kvlevam cxadyo, rom misi SeswavlisTvis ar aris mkafiod Camoyalibebuli
meTodologia. aRniSnul naSromSi am kuTxiT Cven garkveuli siaxle
1 magaliTad, Zveli Tbilisis mosanaxuleblad, turisti aucileblad Zvel TbilisSi unda moxvdes, sxva formiT igi uSualod ver naxavs am unikalur kulturul Zegls. igive iTqmis varZiaze, xevsureTze, svaneTze da a.S.
13
SemovitaneT: movamzadeT kiTxvari, ris pasuxebze dayrdnobiT SevimuSaveT
garkveuli statistikuri indikatorebi da indeqsebi. magaliTad, iseTi
indikatorebi rogoricaa: qseluri TanamSromlobis indikatorebi ( ) zogadi
(1.1) da ufro metad detalizebuli (1.3),
qseluri TanamSromlobis indikatoria TiToeuli respondentis mixedviT.
i respondentis ricxvia, 1,2… `n~-mde. j kiTxvebze pirobiTad miniWebuli
ricxvebia (1, 2, 3, 4 da 5).
kiTxvebis pasuxis qulaa, `0~ an `1~. ufro
detalizebulisTvis ki formulaSi `0~-dan `1~-is farglebSi icvleba:
kiTxvis qvepasuxis qulaa `0~ an wona , sadac k kiTxvis SigniT
qvepasuxze pirobiTad miniWebuli ricxvi 1,2,3, … `m~-is CaTvliT.
garda amisa, am indikatorebze dayrdnobiT, SevimuSaveT qseluri
TanamSromlobis saSualo da variaciis maCveneblebi. qseluri
TanamSromlobis indikatoris saSualo maCvenebelis Semdegi saxisaa:
qseluri TanamSromlobis indikatoris saSualo maCvenebelia.
gamokiTxul instituciis qseluri TanamSromlobis indikatori.
gamokiTxulTa ricxvi.
qseluri TanamSromlobis variaciis maCvenebeli ki Semdegi saxisaa:
14
gamokiTxulTa qseluri qcevis indikatorebis saSualo wrfivi gadaxris
maCveneblia.
amasTan, SevimuSaveT konkretuli individualuri indeqsi, kerZod:
(1.6)
– kerZo seqtoris gamokiTxul respodentTa TanamSromlobis indeqsi.
– kerZo seqtoris TanamSromlobis indikatoris saSualo maCvenebelia .
– kerZo seqtoris erTi respodentis qseluri TanamSromlobis indikatoria.
Tavi IV. sazRvargareTis ramdenime turistuli klasteris analizi
turizmis Taviseburebebis gamokvlevis meTodologiis momzadebis Semdeg,
gavaanalizeT Tesalonikis ganviTarebadi turistuli klasteri. Tesalonikis
turistuli klasteris ganxilva saintereso iyo im TvalsazrisiTac, rom
evropeli vizitorebisTvis is popularul turistuli daniSnulebis adgils
warmoadgens. garda amisa, Tesalonikis kulturul-istoriuli turistuli
potenciali iseve didia, rogorc Tbilisis SemTxvevaSi; amitom saintereso da
upriania misi TbilisTan Sedareba.
kvlevam cxadyo, rom Tesalonikis adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba
didad aris damokidebulი turizmis sferoze. Sesabamisad, turizmi sakmaod
ganviTarebulia TesalonikSi. Tumca, Cven mier inovaciuri modelisa Tu
klasterebis Teoriis, iseve rogorc konkurentunarianobis almasis modelis
mixedviT Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom dainteresebul mxareebs Soris
kooperacia da erTiani turistuli politikis Camosayalibeblad swrafva ar
iyo aqtualuri sakiTxi. saxelmwifo, kerZo da saganmanaTleblo seqtorebi
erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad viTardebodnen da maT Soris TanamSromloba
araarsebiTi xasiaTis iyo; ufro metic, erTgvari undobloba iyo
Camoyalibebuli (ix. grafiki #2).
kerZo seqtori cdilobda sakuTari ZalebiT emoqmeda da sxva
instituciebTan kooperaciis survili ar gaaCnda, Tu isini maT gardauval
Semavsebel servisebs ar sTavazobdenen. Cvenma interviuebma TiToeuli am
15
mxaris warmomadgenlebTan (saxelmwifo, kerZo da saganmanaTleblo)
daadastura, rom qseluri TanamSromlobis TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli
instituciebi saTanadod mzad ar iyvnen da arc TanamSromlobis survili
hqondaT ara Tu sxva mxaris, aramed maT msgavs instituciebTanac ki. garda
amisa, sustad iyo ganviTarebuli regionuli marTvis instituciebi, rac
regionis doneze turizmis ganviTarebis erTgvar Semaferxebel faqtors
warmoadgenda.
grafiki #2. Tesalonikis turistuli klasteris ganviTarebaSi monawile
mxareebs Soris kavSirebi
interviuebSi Tesalonikis kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi xarisxisa
da standartebis amaRlebis aucileblobaze miuTiTebdnen; maTi TqmiT,
aucilebeli iyo xarisxis marTvis specialuri meqanizmebis amoqmedeba. sxva
SemTxvevaSi ukontrolod darCenili biznes seqtoris monawileTa garkveuli
nawili ver uzrunvelyofda vizitorTaTvis maRali xarisxis serviss. amasTan,
maTi TqmiT, aucilebeli iyo maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo garemos
srulyofa da saTanado sajaro servisis uzrunvelyofa.
Tesalonikis Semdeg napa valis Rvinis turistuli klasteri
gavaanalizeT. is erT-erTi warmatebuli turistuli klasteria da amerikis
16
SeerTebuli Statebis mowinave gamocdilebis gaziarebis saSualebas iZleva.
aq turistuli klasteri meRvineobis klasteridan warmoiSva da napa valis
adgilobrivi ekonomikis diversifikaciis erT-erT umTavres mimarTulebad
iqca; ufro metic, man seriozuli konkurencia gauwia napa valis meRvineobis
klasters. Tumca, sakiTxi Semdeg daregulirda regionSi moqmedi regionuli
mmarTvelobiTi instituciebis ZalismeviT, kerZod, strategiuli marTvis
instrumentebis gamoyenebiTa da regionis doneze saerTo servisebis
uzrunvelyofiT, transportis, miwis dagegmvis da sxva mimarTulebebiT.
saqarTvelosTvis, rogorc meRvineobis didi potencialis mqone qveynisTvis, am
klasteris ganxilva metad mniSvnelovania. napa valis regionis instituciuri
mowyoba metad sayuradReboa, radgan saqarTveloSi am etapze ar aris msgavsi
regionuli mmarTvelobis institutebi. napa valis magaliTze Cven SevimuSaveT
adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituciuri mowyobis modeli, rac
praqtikul instrumentad SeiZleba iqces adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis monawileebis da maTi kompetenciebis gamijvnisaTvis.
Tavi V. Tbilisis turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis analizi
napa valis klasteris ganxilvis Semdeg metad saintereso iyo Tbilisis
turistuli klasteris Sefaseba. msgavsad Tesalonikisa, Tbilisic inovaciis,
klasterebisa da konkurentunarianobis almasis modelebis mixedviT
gavaanalizeT (ix. grafiki #3).
analizma cxadyo, rom Tbilisis turistuli potenciali mniSvnelovnad
didia, rac adgilis istoriuli, kulturuli, geografiuli Tu
geopolitikuri upiratesi faqtorebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda. Sesabamisad,
Tbilisi turistuli TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi yvelaze konkurentunariani
qalaqia regionSi. Tbilisis turistuli infrastruqtura viTardeba da
Tbilisis, rogorc regionuli Sexvedrebis adgilis, regionis karibWis
mniSvneloba izrdeba da misi popularobac aramarto biznes vizitorTa,
aramed sxva turistuli samizne jgufebis interess iwvevs. Sesabamisad,
rogorc analizma cxadyo, turizmis seqtori mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
Tbilisis adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. dedaqalaqSi sul ufro meti
17
raodenobis saerTaSoriso turistuli brendi Cndeba. amJamad, qalaqSi
araerTi saerTaSoriso sastumros, kvebisa Tu savaWro qselis warmomadgeneli
operirebs.
grafiki #3 Tbilisis turistuli klasteris konkurentunarianobis almasis modeli
firmis strategia, struqtura da konkurentunarianoba:
mxardamWeri da monaTesave industriebi
sawarmoo faqtori:
sxva gare
faqtorebi:
moTxovnis pirobebi
xelisuflebis gavlena
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amasTan, turizmis ganviTarebisTvis mTeli rigi qmedebebia
gansaxorcielebeli, kerZod, sakanonmdeblo garemos daxvewa, turizmis
Tumca, Tbilisis turistuli klasteris ganviTareba jer kidev sawyis
stadiaSia, radgan klasteris ganviTarebisTvis saWiro maRali inovaciuri
garemo da qseluri kavSirebi jer kidev ganviTarebas saWiroebs. am etapze,
instituciebi umTavresad viTardeba maT xelT arsebuli SezRuduli
resursebis gamoyenebiT individualurad da ver sargebloben klasteris
saerTo SesaZleblobebiT (imoqmedon rogorc jgufis wevrebma da gamoiyenon
erTad qmedebis SesaZleblobebi). Tu daveyrdnobiT sammagi spiralis models
da misi saSualebiT gavaanalizebT mocemuli mxareebis SesaZleblobebs,
saintereso suraTi warmogvidgeba. faqtia, rom jer kidev araa Camoyalibebuli
is sainovacio garemo, rac codnis komercializacias Seuwyobs xels da
akademiur, saxelmwifo Tu kerZo seqtors sinergiul kavSirSi ganaviTarebs
sferoSi moqmedi instituciebis saqmianobaze licenziebis, standartebisa da
momsaxurebis xarisxis marTvis meqanizmebis amoqmedeba da maTi kontroli,
seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis specialuri stimulebis Seqmna (sagadasaxado Tu
arasagadasaxado), erTiani turistuli ganviTarebis strategiisa da samoqmedo
gegmis SemuSaveba dainteresebuli mxareebis aqtiuri CarTulobiT.
aucilebelia, aseve, yuradRebis gamaxvileba turizmis statistikis warmoebis
srulyofis sakiTxzec. es funqcia ufro statistikis erovnulma samsaxurma
unda itvirTos da turizmis departamenti statistikuri satelituri
angariSebis warmoebis aqtiuri momxmarebeli unda iyos.
turizmis ganviTarebis procesis lider mxared respodentebis mxridan
saxelmwifo moiazreba, Tumca dabali ndobis faqtoris gamo, turizmis
saxelmwifo marTvis organoebTan TanamSromlobis survils naklebad
gamoTqvamdnen. analizma cxadyo, rom turizmis skolebi, iseve rogorc kerZo
institutebi, mzad arian CaerTon turizmis ganviTarebis strategiis
SemuSavebis procesSi, TumcaRa aucilebelia maTi CarTulobis da azrTa
Tanaswori gacvlis meqanizmebis uzrunvelyofa. saqarTvelos turizmis
ganviTarebis axali strategia 2008 wels SemuSavda, ramac mTeli qveynis
turistuli ganviTarebis sakiTxebi moicva. Tbilisis turistuli ganviTarebis
19
koncefcia ki 2004 wels momzadda. albaT pirveli umTavresi qmedeba, ramac
xeli unda Seuwyos qseluri TanamSromlobis ganviTarebasa da ndobis
faqtoris Camoyalibebas, am strategiebze da manamde arsebul versiebze
dayrdnobiT, axali strategiis SemuSaveba SeiZleba iyos. aucilebeli iqneba
am strategiis dagegmvis, Semdeg danergvis, monitoringisa da ganaxlebis
procesis gamWvirvaled da Tanamonawileobis principebiT warmarTva.
mniSvnelovania, Tu es yvelaferi Tanamedrove sainformacio teqnologiebis
saSualebiT iqneba saTanadod mxardaWerili, anu Seiqmneba specialuri
sainformacio platforma, rac turizmis ganviTarebiT dainteresebul
mxareebs ganxilvisa da diskusiebis saSulebas miscems. Semdeg ki sasurvelia
Seiqmnas sainformacio vebgverdi, rac yvela dainteresebuli mxaris
TanamSromlobisTvis saWiro cnobierebis amaRlebas moemsaxureba (ix. grafiki
#4). swored am vebgverdis saSualebiT da mis paralelurad sxva
RonisZiebebis organizebiT unda moxdes dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis
TanamSromlobis sxvadasxva mimarTulebis win wamoweva, rac maT praqtikul
magaliTebze aCvenebs, Tu ra sargebeli SeiZleba miiRon turizmis
ganviTarebis procesSi CarTvis SemTxvevaSi. analizma aseve cxadyo, rom am
etapze wamyvani roli saxelmwifom unda iTavos, Tumca man aucileblad unda
gaataros iseTi politika, rac dainteresebul mxareebs aqtiurad CarTavs
ganviTarebis procesSi da maTi resursebis gaerTianebis safuZvels Seqmnis.
paralelurad sasurveli iqneba, Tu Seiqmneba iseTi instituciac, romelic
qseluri kavSirebis formalizebas moaxdens da TandaTan Zlieri turistuli
klasteris ganviTarebas xels Seuwyobs. am naSromSi rekomendaciebis saxiT
Tanmimdevruladaa aRwerili, Tu rogor unda moxdes ganviTarebis procesis
marTva.
Tesalonikis magaliTi gasaTvaliswinebelia Tbilisis turistuli
klasteris ganviTarebis procesTan Sedarebis TvalsazrisiT. aq garkveuli
uaryofiTi paralelebi gamoikveTa, rac sasurvelia Tavidanve aviciloT.
saberZneTSi Cven mier Catarebuli gamokvlevisas gamovlinda, rom Tbilisis
msgavsad saWiro iyo turistuli servisebis, standartebisa da xarisxis
marTvis gaumjobeseba. iqac, Tbilisis msgavsad, aucilebeli iyo lideris
20
identificireba da ndobis faqtoris Camoyalibeba saxelmwifo, kerZoO da
saganmanaTleblo seqtors Soris. Tesalonikis klasteris analizma cxadyo,
rom danawevrebuli formiT ganviTareba metad limitirebul SesaZleblobebs
qmnis da aucilebelia arsebobdes iseTi regionuli marTvis instituciebi,
rac sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxaris interesebis konsolidirebas moaxdens.
grafiki #4 turistuli klasteris vebgverdis koncefcia
qseluri kavSirebis saintereso magaliTi iyo napa vali, sadac am
kuTxiT moqmedebda sxvadasxva regionuli mniSvnelobis organizacia da
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis korporacia. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marketingis, rogorc turizmis ganviTarebis meqanizmebis Seswavla
aucileblad moiTxovs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas. aucilebelia aseve
aqcentireba im faqtorze, rom saWiroa Tbilisis turistuli ganviTarebis
strategiis SemuSaveba, rac klasteris ganviTarebiT dainteresebuli mxareebis
TanamSromlobis mastimulirebel saSualebad unda iqces, moaxdinos
dainteresebuli mxareebis SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba, resursebis mobilizeba,
urTierTSorisi ndobis Camoyalibeba da erToblivi ZaliT moqmedeba. amasTan,
aucilebelia Cven mier mowinave qveynebis magaliTze SemuSavebuli
TbilisisTvis adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituciuri modelis
TandaTan amoqmedeba (ix grafiki #5), rac gulisxmobs masSi CarTuli rogorc
TviTmmarTvelobis, aseve regionul doneze sxvadasxva instituciis
dafuZnebas Tu arsebulis gaZlierebas, misi kompetenciis mkveTr gamijvnas da
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instituciaTaSoris aqtiur TanamSromlobas stabiluri ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis misaRwevad.
grafiki #5 adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituciuri mowyobis modeli
TbilisisaTvis
sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle
sadisertacio naSromSi miRebulia rogorc zogadi, ise konkretuli
Teoriuli da praqtikuli xasiaTis mecnieruli siaxleebi, kerZod:
sadisertacio naSromis zogadi mecnieruli siaxle adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instrumentebis Teoriuli da praqtikuli sakiTxebis
kompleqsur, sistemur analizSi mdgomareobs. xSir SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sakiTxi danawevrebulad ganixileba da
fragmentulad xdeba ganviTarebis suraTis warmodgena. am naSromis siaxle ki
swored rom adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instrumentebis sakmaod
didi nawilis sistemur ganxilvasa da Cven mier warmoebuli originaluri
kvlevis analizs eTmoba.
garda amisa, naSromSi mocemulia garkveuli Teoriuli siaxleebi:
cvlilebebi SevitaneT e. etzkoviCis mier SemoTavazebuli inovaciis sammagi
spiralis modelSi, kerZod: mTavrobis, ganaTlebisa da kerZo seqtoris
spirals davumateT agreTve sazogadoebis spirali.
22
warmovadgineT inovaciis sistemis axleburi xedva, rac realur sainovacio
garemoze virtualuri inovaciuri sistemis daSenebas gulisxmobs.
Cvens mier SemuSavda specialuri kiTxvari turistul klasterSi CarTuli
dainteresebuli mxareebis instituciuri qcevis analizisaTvis. am kiTxvaris
saSualebiT SesaZlebelia instituciebis qseluri kavSirebis, inovaciisadmi,
TanamSromlobisa da konkurenciisadmi, iseve rogorc sajaro seqtoris mier
SemoTavazebuli servisebiT, kmayofilebis donis pirveladi Seswavla.
SevimuSaveT qseluri TanamSromlobis indikatorebi, konkretuli
statistikuri indeqsebi da maTi vizualurad warmodgenis meTodi
grafikebis saSualebiT.
rac Seexeba praqtikul siaxles, disertaciis IV da V Tavi mTlianad
originaluria da Cvens mier Catarebul specialur gamokvlevas efuZneba,
kerZod:
saberZneTSi, aristoteles saxelobis universitetis kvleviT centrSi,
(URENIO) CavatareT Tesalonikis turistuli klasteris kvleva. Cvens xelT
arsebuli informaciiT, manamde msgavsi kvleva ar iyo Catarebuli. kvlevis
ZiriTadi nawili daefuZna Cvens mier warmoebul interviuebs akademiur,
samTavrobo da kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebTan.
movamzadeT Tesalonikis turistuli klasteris qseluri TanamSromlobisa
da konkurentunarianobis almasis modelebi.
amerikaSi CavatareT erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli - napa valis meRvineobis
turistuli klasteris kvleva, sadac aqcenti gavakeTeT regionuli marTvis
sakiTxebze, rogorc ganviTarebis erT-erT umTavres pirobaze. kvleva aseve
originaluri iyo da dagvexmara regionuli ganviTarebis umTavresi
faqtorebis gamovlenaSi, kerZod, Tu rogori unda iyos instituciuri
mowyoba da qseluri TanamSromloba regionuli turistuli klasteris
ganviTarebisTvis.
napa valis magaliTze SevimuSaveT regionuli ganviTarebis instituciuri
mowyobis originaluri modeli.
23
saqarTveloSi CavatareT Tbilisis turistuli klasteris originaluri
kvleva, vawarmoeT specialuri interviuebi akademiuri, kerZo da saxelmwifo
seqtoris warmomadgenlebTan da eqspertebTan.
movamzadeT Tbilisis turistuli klasteris qseluri TanamSromlobisa da
konkurentunarianobis almasis modelebi.
gamovavlineT msgavsebebi Tesalonikisa da Tbilisis turistuli
klasterebis magaliTze da movaxdineT samive klasteris SedarebiTi
analizi.
SevimuSaveT rekomendaciebi Tbilisis turistuli klasteris Tanmimdevruli
ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad.
napa valis magaliTze SevimuSaveT Tbilisis turistuli klasteris
ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro instituciuri mowyobis axali modeli.
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba
warmodgenil disertacias didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan
misi gamoyeneba SeuZlia sxvadasxva dainteresebul mxares: saxelmwifo
struqturebs, kerZo, samecniero da saganmanaTleblo seqtorebs.
igi mosaxerxebeli wyaroa praqtikosebisTvis adgilobrivi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis instrumentebis gasacnobad. praqtikosebs saSualeba eqnebaT
sistematizebuli formiT gaecnon im meqanizmebsa da midgomebs, rac
TviTmmarTvelobebis mier aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sazRvargareT da adgilobrivi
konkurentunarianobis ganviTarebas ganapirobebs.
politikuri gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirTaTvis, iseve rogorc maRali
Tanamdebobebis mqone menejmentisTvis, sainteresodaa mocemuli
regionalizmisa da inovaciis, strategiuli marTvisa da klasterebis
ganviTarebis zogadi konceptualuri sakiTxebi. rac Seexeba menejmentis
specialistebs da saSualo rgolis menejerebs, maT praqtikulad SeuZliaT
gamoiyenenon mTeli rigi adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
instrumentebi procesis samarTavad, rac dakavSirebulia strategiuli
marTvisa da klasterebis ganviTarebis praqtikul saqmianobasTan.
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rac Seexeba disertaciaSi warmodgenil praqtikul kvlevas, sadac
saubaria turizmis sferos gamowvevebze da ganviTarebaze Tesalonikis, napa
valisa da Tbilisis magaliTze, igi metad mosaxerxebel gzamkvlevad SeiZleba
iqces turizmis ganviTarebis instituciebisa Tu am sferoSi zogadad moRvawe
sxva praqtikosebisTvis. kerZod, Tbilisis meriam da saqarTvelos turizmis
erovnulma administraciam, SeiZleba gaiTvaliswinos naSromSi mocemuli rigi
rekomendaciebi maT mier ganxorcielebuli strategiuli marTvisa Tu
praqtikuli saqmianobis dros.
amasTan, sadisertacio naSromi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
universitetebis Sesabamis fakultetebze da programebze swavlebis procesSi.
aRniSnuli naSromi saintereso iqneba kvlevis am mimarTulebiT
dainteresebuli kvleviTi jgufebisTvis, aseve sakonsultacio kompaniebisTvis.
naSromis aprobacia da publikacia
disertacia ganxiluli iqna ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis
mikroekonomikis, ekonomikuri da socialuri statistikis, turizmisa da
maspinZlobis menejmentis kaTedrebis gaerTianebul sxdomaze.
garda amisa, saberZneTSi Catarebuli Tesalonikis turistuli klasteris
kvlevis Sedegebi wardgenil iqna or saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciaze
kairosa da lisabonSi, aseve kvlevis saboloo Sedegebis gacnoba moxda
saberZneTSi, specialurad Seqmnili komisiis winaSe.
sadisertacio TemasTan dakavSirebiT gamoqveynda Semdegi publikaciebi:
gelaSvili s., darsaveliZe d., `qalaqebis konkurentunarianobis SedarebiTi
analizis modeli globalizaciis pirobebSi~, Jurn. `ekonomika da biznesi~,
#1, Tb., 2009. gv. 139-150.
Darsavelidze D., Title of conference paper/ presentation: Globalization & culture-based tourism
clusters - the case of Thessaloniki.Integrated Relational Tourism International Scientific
Conference, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, 2009, გვ. 173-185.
Darsavelidze D., II International Seminar “Tourism and Spatial Planning” — TPT.09, NICHE
TOURISM: territories, cultures and sustainability, Title of conference paper / presentation:
Culture-based tourism and networking - The case of Thessaloniki, University of Lisbon,
Portugal, 2009.
25
darsaveliZe d., `lokalizacia da globalizacia – ganviTarebis
regulatorebi~, Jurn. `ekonomika da biznesi~, #3, Tb., 2011, gv. 61-70
darsaveliZe d., klasterSi CarTul mxareTa qseluri TanamSromlobis
Seswavlis meTodologia. saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
`globalizacia da statistikis~ samecniero Sromebis krebuli, Tb., gamomc.
,,universali”, 2014. gv. 164-171.
Darsavelidze D., Benavides A., A Transition from Soviet Central Planning to Strategic
Management: development effort in Tbilisi, Jurn. `ekonomika~, #7-8, Tb., 2014, gv. 99-124.
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura
sadisertacio naSromis teqstis ZiriTadi nawili kompiuterze nabeWd 199
gverds Seadgens da Sedgeba Sesavlis, xuTi Tavis, TxuTmeti qveTavisa da
daskvnisagan. garda ZiriTadi nawilisa, Temas darTuli aqvs gamoyenebuli
literaturis sia da danarTebi 59 gverdis moculobiT.
sadisertacio naSromis struqtura:
Sesavali ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 0
Tavi I. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba . Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1 adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba da regionalizmi .. Error! Bookmark
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1.2. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesi: sawarmoo Zalebis
moZraoba da ganviTarebis talRebi .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Tavi II. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sistemebi da marTvis
meqanizmebi ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1. inovacia da sainovacio garemo ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2. strategiuli marTva da TviTmmarTvelobebis konkurentunarianobaError!
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2.3. klasterebi da konkurentunarianobis `almasis~ modeli Error! Bookmark
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2.4. klasterebis Camoyalibebis safexurebi da maTi ganviTarebiT
miRebuli sargebeli ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Tavi III. adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTareba turizmis magaliTze .... Error!
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3.1. turizmis aqtualoba da Taviseburebani ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 klasterSi CarTuli mxareebis gamokiTxvis meTodologiaError! Bookmark
not defined.
Tavi IV. sazRvargareTis ramdenime turistuli klasteris analizi .................. 140
4.1. q. TesalonikSi turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis aqtualoba ....... Error!
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4.2. q. Tesalonikis ganviTarebadi turistuli klasteris analizi inovaciis
sammagi spiralisa da konkurentunarianobis `almasis~ modelis mixedviT
.............................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3. napa valis regionis ganviTarebuli turistuli klasteris analizi da
regionuli klasteris marTvis instituciuri mowyoba ... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Tavi V. Tbilisis turistuli klasteris ganviTarebis analizi ................ Error!
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1
5.1. TbilisSi turizmis ganviTarebis aqtualobis dasabuTebaError! Bookmark
not defined.
5.2. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis zogadi analizi ............................................ 137
5.3. Tbilisis turistuli klasteris Sefaseba inovaciis sammagi spiralisa da
konkurentunarianobis almasis modelebis mixedviT .......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.4 Tbilisis klasteris SedarebiTi analizi Tesalonikisa da napa valis
klasterebTan, marTvis instituciuri modeli da rekomendaciebi ............. Error!
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daskvna ........................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
gamoyenebuli literatura ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
danarTebi ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.