CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐1 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
IV.D CULTURAL RESOURCES
1. INTRODUCTION
This sectiondescribespaleontological, archaeological, andhistorical resourceson theProjectsite
anddiscussespotentialdirectandindirectimpactstothoseresourcesduetoimplementationofthe
proposedProject.
ThepaleontologicalresourceanalysisdescribestherockunitsunderlyingtheProjectsiteandthe
correspondingpotentialforcontainingpaleontologicalresources.ItalsoidentifiesproposedProject
activities that might directly or indirectly affect resources, and methods for the recovery and
evaluationofanyresourcesencounteredduringconstruction.Thepaleontologicalresourceanalysis
is based on a records search conducted by the Natural HistoryMuseum of Los Angeles County,
VertebratePaleontologySection,forinformationregardingtheoccurrencesofvertebratefossilsites
withinand/orneartheProjectsite.Theletterreportcontainingthefindingsoftherecordssearchis
providedinAppendixIV.DofthisDraftEIR.1
ThearchaeologicalresourceanalysisisbasedonarecordssearchconductedbytheSouthCentral
CoastalInformationCenteroftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,FullertonDepartmentofAnthropology
fortheproposedProject.Theletterreportcontainingthefindingsoftherecordssearchisprovided
inAppendixIV.DofthisDraftEIR.2
The historical resource analysis is based on the Historical Resources Technical Report: Barlow
HospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectpreparedbyHistoricResourcesGroup,datedOctober
2011 and provided in Appendix IV.D of this Draft EIR.3 The analysis focuses on exterior
architectural features, landscape characteristics, public spaces and the spatial organization of
BarlowHospital.
1 NaturalHistoryMuseumofLosAngelesCountyVertebratePaleontologySection,SamuelA.McLeod,Ph.D.,September
14,2009.ProvidedinAppendixIV.D.2 SouthCentralCoastalInformationCenteroftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton,DepartmentofAnthropology,
RecordsSearchforBarlowReplacementHospitalandMasterPlan.(2009).ProvidedinAppendixIV.D.3 Historic Resources Group, Historical Resources Technical Report: Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan
Project,(2011).ProvidedinAppendixIV.D.
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CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐2 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
2. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
a. Federal Regulations
i. National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (National Register) is the nation's master inventory of
knownhistoricresourcesandincludes listingsofbuildings,structures,sites,objects,anddistricts
that possess historic, architectural, engineering, archaeological, or cultural significance at the
national,state,orlocallevel.TheNationalParkServiceadministerstheNationalRegisterprogram.
TheNationalRegistercriteriaandassociateddefinitionsareoutlined inNationalRegisterBulletin
Number15:HowtoApplytheNationalRegisterCriteriaforEvaluation.BulletinNumber15provides
thefollowinglistofdefinitions:
Astructureisaworkmadeupofinterdependentandinterrelatedpartsinadefinitepattern
oforganization.Generallyconstructedbyhumans,itisoftenanengineeringobjectlargein
scale.
Asiteisdefinedasthelocationofasignificantevent,aprehistoricorhistoricoccupationor
activity, or a building or structure, whether standing, ruined, or vanished, where the
location itself maintains historical or archaeological value regardless of the value of any
existingstructure.
Buildingsaredefinedasstructurescreatedtoshelterhumanactivity.
Adistrict is ageographicallydefinablearea ‐urbanor rural, smallor large ‐possessinga
significantconcentration,linkage,orcontinuityofsites,buildings,structures,and/orobjects
unitedbypasteventsoraestheticallybyplanorphysicaldevelopment.Adistrictmayalso
compriseindividualelementsseparatedgeographicallybutlinkedbyassociationorhistory.
Anobject is amaterial thingof functional, aesthetic, cultural,historical,or scientificvalue
thatmaybe,bynatureordesign,moveableyetrelatedtoaspecificsettingorenvironment
suchasanhistoricvessel.
TobeeligibleforlistingintheNationalRegister,apropertymustpossesssignificanceinAmerican
historyandculture,architecture,orarchaeology.Astructure,site,building,districtorobjectcanbe
consideredsignificantandeligibleforlistingontheNationalRegisterifitmeetsoneormoreofthe
followingfourcriteria:
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CriterionA:Isassociatedwitheventsthathavemadeasignificantcontributiontothebroad
patternsofhistory(suchasaCivilWarbattlefieldoraNavalShipbuildingCenter);
CriterionB:Isassociatedwiththelivesofpersonssignificantinourpast(suchasThomas
Jefferson'sMonticelloortheSusanB.Anthonybirthplace);
Criterion C: Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction, or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or
representsasignificantanddistinguishableentitywhosecomponentsmay lack individual
distinction (such as Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin or the Midwestern Native American
IndianMounds);or
CriterionD:Hasyieldedormaylikelyyieldinformationimportantinprehistoryorhistory
(such as prehistoric ruins in Arizona or the archaeological sites of the first European
settlementsinSt.Augustine,Florida).
Thereisalsoageneralstipulationthattheresource(structure,site,building,district,andobject)be
atleast50yearsold,althoughthereareexceptionstothatrule(seeTitle36,Part50.4oftheFederal
Code of Regulations, Criteria Considerations a–q). Properties under 50 years of age that are of
exceptional importance or are contributors to a district can also be included on the National
Register.TheeligibilityofaculturalresourcefornominationtotheNationalRegistermaybebased
onanyoftheabovefourcriteriatogetherwiththeirintegrity.
Period of Significance
ForanyresourceeligibleforlistingintheNationalRegisteritsperiodofsignificancemustalsobe
established.AccordingtoNationalRegisterBulletin16A,theperiodofsignificanceisdefinedasthe
length of time that a property was associated with important events, activities, or persons, or
attained the characteristics that qualify it for National Register listing. The following guidelines
havebeenestablishedtodefinetheperiodofsignificanceforresourcesmeetingoneormoreofthe
fourcriteriaofhistoricalsignificance:
CriterionA:Forthesiteofanimportantevent, theperiodofsignificanceisthetimewhen
the event occurred. For properties associated with historic trends, such as commercial
development, the period of significance is the span of time when the property actively
contributedtothetrend.
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CriterionB:TheperiodofsignificanceforapropertysignificantforCriterionBisusuallythe
lengthoftimethepropertywasassociatedwiththeimportantperson.
CriterionC:Forarchitecturallysignificantproperties,theperiodofsignificanceisthedateof
constructionand/orthedatesofanysignificantalterationsandadditions.
CriterionD:Theperiodofsignificance foranarcheologicalsiteistheestimatedtimewhenit
wasoccupiedorusedforreasonsrelatedtoitsimportance,forexample,3000‐2500B.C.
Integrity
Inadditiontomeetinganyorallofthecriteriaofhistoricalsignificance,integritymustbepresentin
orderforapropertytobeeligibleforlistingintheNationalRegister.Historicintegrityistheability
ofaproperty toconvey itssignificanceandisdefinedasthe"authenticityofaproperty'shistoric
identity, evidencedby the survival ofphysical characteristics that existedduring theproperty's...
historicperiod."4AccordingtoNationalRegisterBulletin15,SectionVIII,historicpropertieseither
retainintegrity(thatis,conveytheirsignificance)ortheydonot.Withintheconceptofintegrity,the
National Register criteria recognize the seven aspects or qualities listed below that, in various
combinations,defineintegrity.
Location: Location is the placewhere the historic propertywas constructed or the place
wherethehistoriceventoccurred.
Design:Design is thecombinationofelements thatcreate the form,plan,space,structure,
andstyleofaproperty.
Setting:Settingisthephysicalenvironmentofanhistoricproperty.
Materials:Materials are the physical elements thatwere combinedor depositedduring a
particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form an historic
property.
Workmanship:Workmanshipisthephysicalevidenceofthecraftsofaparticularcultureor
peopleduringanygivenperiodinhistoryorpre‐history.
4 NationalRegisterBulletin16.How toComplete theNationalRegisterRegistrationForm.WashingtonD.C.:National
ParkService,U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,(1997)4.
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Feeling:Feelingisaproperty'sexpressionoftheaestheticorhistoricalsenseofaparticular
periodoftime.
Association: Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person
andanhistoricproperty.
To retain historic integrity a property will always possess several, and usually most, of these
aspects.
Context
A property must also be significant within an historic context as the significance of an historic
propertycanbe judgedonlywhenit isevaluatedwithin itshistoriccontext.Historiccontextsare
“thosepatterns, themes,or trends inhistorybywhichaspecific ...propertyorsite isunderstood
anditsmeaning...ismadeclear.”5
Historic Districts
Standardpreservationpracticeevaluatescollectionsofbuildingsfromsimilarperiodsandhistoric
contexts as districts. The National Park Service defines an historic district as “a significant
concentration,linkage,orcontinuityofsites,buildings,structures,orobjectsunitedhistoricallyor
aesthetically by plan or physical development.”6 An historic district derives its significance as a
singleunifiedentity.
Districtsarecomprisedofresourcesidentifiedaseithercontributingornon‐contributingresources.
Someresourceswithintheboundariesofthedistrictmaynotmeetthecriteriaforcontributingto
thehistoriccharacterofthedistrictalthoughtheresourceiswithinthedistrictboundaries.
Contributing resources add to the historic association, historic architectural qualities, or
archaeologicalvaluesforwhichthedistrictissignificantbecausetheresourcewaspresentduringthe
period of significance (the period of time during which the resource acquired its historically
significantcharacteristics),relatestothedocumentedsignificantcontexts,andpossessesintegrity.
Non‐contributingresourcesdonotaddtothehistoricassociations,historicarchitecturalqualities,
orarchaeologicalvaluesforwhichthedistrict issignificantbecausetheresourcewasnotpresent
5 NationalRegisterBulletinNumber15,7.6 NationalRegisterBulletinNumber15,5.
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duringtheperiodofsignificance,doesnotrelatetothedocumentedsignificantcontexts,ordoesnot
possessintegrity.
ii. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation
TheSecretaryoftheInterior’sStandardsfortheTreatmentofHistoricPropertieswithGuidelinesfor
Preserving,Rehabilitating,Restoring,andReconstructingHistoricBuildingswerepublishedin1995
and codified as 36 CFR 67.7 Neither technical nor prescriptive, these standards are intended to
promoteresponsiblepreservationpracticesthathelpprotectirreplaceableculturalresources.8The
Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (Secretary’s Standards, or Standards)
consist of ten basic principles created to help preserve the distinctive character of an historic
buildinganditssitewhileallowingforreasonablechangetomeetnewneeds.TheStandardsapply
tohistoricbuildingsofallperiods,styles,types,materials,andsizes,andapplytoboththeexterior
andtheinteriorofhistoricbuildings.TheStandardsalsoencompassrelatedlandscapefeaturesand
the building's site and environment, including attached, adjacent, or related new construction.
These Standards have been adopted, or are used informally, by many agencies at all levels of
government to review projects that affect historic resources. The Secretary of the Interior’s
Standardsareusedasameasureindeterminingwhetherornotaprojectornewdevelopmentor
rehabilitationadverselyimpactsanhistoricresource.
The purpose of the Standards is to promote responsible preservation practices to help protect
cultural resources.TheStandardsprovideconsistency in theapproachtopreservationofhistoric
resources.ThepreambletotheStandardsstatesthatthey"aretobeappliedtospecificrehabilitation
projectsinareasonablemanner,takingintoconsiderationeconomicandtechnicalfeasibility."
TheSecretaryoftheInterior’sStandardsstate:
1. A property shall be used as its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires
minimalchangetothedefiningcharacteristicsofthebuildinganditssiteandenvironment.
7 “Preservation” acknowledges a resource as a document of its history over time and emphasizes stabilization,
maintenance,andrepairofexistinghistoricfabric.“Rehabilitation,”whilealsoincorporatingtheretentionoffeaturesthat convey historic character, also accommodates alterations and additions to facilitate continuing or new uses.“Restoration” involves the retention and replacement of features from a specific period of significance.“Reconstruction,”theleast‐usedtreatment,providesabasisforrecreatingamissingresource.
8 Weeks,KayD.andAnneE.Grimmer.TheSecretaryoftheInterior’sStandardsfortheTreatmentofHistoricPropertieswithGuidelinesforPreserving,Rehabilitating,Restoring,andReconstructionHistoricBuildings.WashingtonD.C.:U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,NationalParkService(1995).
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2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of
distinctivematerialsoralterationoffeatures,andspacesthatcharacterizeapropertyshall
beavoided.
3. Eachpropertyshallberecognizedasaphysicalrecordof its time,placeanduse.Changes
that createa false senseofhistoricaldevelopment, suchasaddingconjectural featuresor
architecturalelementsfromotherbuildings,shallnotbeundertaken.
4. Mostpropertieschangeovertime;thosechangesthathaveacquiredhistoricsignificancein
theirownrightshallberetainedandpreserved.
5. Distinctivefeatures,finishesandconstructiontechniquesorexamplesofcraftsmanshipthat
characterizeapropertyshallbepreserved.
6. Deterioratedhistoricfeaturesshallberepairedratherthanreplaced.Wheretheseverityof
deteriorationrequiresreplacementofadistinctivefeature,thenewfeatureshallmatchthe
old in design, color, texture and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials.
Replacementofmissingfeatureswillbesubstantiatedbydocumentary,physicalorpictorial
evidence.
7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic
materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be
undertakenusingthegentlestmeanspossible.
8. Significantarcheologicalresourcesaffectedbyaprojectshallbeprotectedandpreserved.If
suchresourcesmustbedisturbed,mitigationmeasuresshallbeundertaken.
Infill and redevelopment projects that could affect historic resources may be subject to review
basedonStandards9and10oftheStandards,whichstate:
9. New additions, exterior alterations or relatednew construction shall not destroyhistoric
materialsthatcharacterizetheproperty.Thenewworkshallbedifferentiatedfromtheold
andshallbecompatiblewith themassing, size, scaleandarchitectural features toprotect
theintegrityofthepropertyanditsenvironment.
10.New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a
manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic
propertyanditsenvironmentwouldbeunimpaired.
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b. State Regulations
i. California Register of Historical Resources
TheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources (CaliforniaRegister)9 is theauthoritativeguide to
thestate'ssignificanthistoricalandarcheologicalresources.Itservestoidentify,evaluate,register,
and protect California's historic resources. The California Register program encourages public
recognition and protection of resources of architectural, historical, archeological, and cultural
significance, identifies historic resources for state and local planning purposes, determines
eligibility for historic preservation grant funding, and affords certain protections under the
CaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct(CEQA).
TheCaliforniaRegisterautomaticallyincludesthefollowing:
California properties listed or formally determined eligible for listing in the National
RegisterofHistoricPlaces;
CaliforniaRegisteredHistoricalLandmarksfrom#0770onward;and
CaliforniaPointsofHistorical Interest thathavebeenevaluatedbytheOfficeofHistorical
Preservation (OHP) and have been recommended to the State Historical Resources
CommissionforinclusionintheCaliforniaRegister.
Inaddition,propertiesdesignatedundermunicipalorcountyordinancesarealsoeligibleforlisting
intheCaliforniaRegister.ResourcesthatarenotautomaticallylistedintheCaliforniaRegistermust
benominated for listing throughanapplicationandpublichearingprocess.Theymustalsomeet
oneormoreofthefollowingfourcriteria,whicharebaseduponthefourNationalRegistercriteria:
Criterion 1: Is associated with events or patterns of events that havemade a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of
CaliforniaortheUnitedStates.
Criterion2:Isassociatedwiththelivesofpersonsimportanttolocal,California,ornational
history.
Criterion3:Embodiesthedistinctivecharacteristicsofatype,period,region,ormethodof
construction,orrepresentstheworkofamaster,orpossesseshighartisticvalues.
9 PublicResourceCodeSection21084.1.
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Criterion 4: Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the
prehistoryorhistoryofthelocalarea,stateorthenation.10
AswiththeNationalRegister,allpropertieseligibleforlistingontheCaliforniaRegistermustretain
historic integrity in terms of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and
association.Most resourcesmust also be at least 50 years old; however, resources less than 50
years of agemay be eligible for listing on the California Register if it can be demonstrated that
sufficienttimehaspassedtounderstandtheirhistoricalimportance.11
ii. California Environmental Quality Act
Aresourceisconsideredhistoricallysignificant,andthereforea"historicalresource"underCEQA,if
it falls into one of the three following categories as defined by Section 21084.1 of the California
PublicResourcesCode:
Mandatory historical resources are resources "listed in, or determined to be eligible for
listingin,theCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources."
Presumptive historical resources are resources "included in a local register of historical
resources,asdefinedinsubdivision(k)ofSection5020.1,ordeemedsignificantpursuantto
criteriasetforthinsubdivision(g)ofSection5024.1"ofthePublicResourcesCode,unless
the preponderance of the evidence demonstrates that the resource is not historically or
culturallysignificant.
Discretionaryhistoricalresourcesarethoseresourcesthatarenotlistedbutdeterminedto
beeligibleunderthecriteriafortheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources.12
Properties formally determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
(National Register) are automatically listed in theCaliforniaRegister.13 Properties designatedby
local municipalities can also be considered historical resources. A review of properties that are
potentiallyaffectedbyaprojectforhistoriceligibilityisalsorequiredunderCEQA.
Section15064.5(a)oftheStateCEQAGuidelinesprovidesthefollowingguidelinesfordetermining
whetherapropertyisanhistoricresource,andthereforesignificant,forpurposesofCEQA:
10 StateCEQAGuidelinesSection15064.5(a)(3).11 CaliforniaCodeofRegulation,Chapter11,Title14,Section4842(d)(2).12 CaliforniaPRC,Section21084.1.13 CaliforniaPRC,Section5024.1(c).
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Aresourcelisted,ordeterminedtobeeligiblebytheStateHistoricalResourcesCommission
forlisting,intheCaliforniaRegisterisconsideredanhistoricresource.
Aresourceincludedinalocalregisterofhistoricresources,asdefinedinSection5020.1(k)
of the Public Resources Code, or identified as significant in an historical resource survey
meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, shall be
presumedtobehistoricallyorculturallysignificant,unlessthepreponderanceofevidence
demonstratesthatitisnothistoricallyorculturallysignificant.
Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, ormanuscript that a lead agency
determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering,
scientific,economic,agricultural,educational,social,political,military,orculturalannalsof
California may be considered to be an historical resource, provided the lead agency’s
determinationissupportedbysubstantialevidenceinlightofthewholerecord.Generally,a
resource shall be considered by the lead agency to be “historically significant” if the
resourcemeetsthecriteriaforlistingontheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources.
Thefactthataresourceisnotlisted,ordeterminedtobeeligibleforlisting,intheCalifornia
Register, not included in a local register of historical resources, or not identified as
significant in an historical resources survey does not preclude a lead agency from
determiningthattheresourcemaybeanhistoricalresource,asdefinedinPublicResources
CodeSections5020.1(j)or5024.1.
In addition to having significance, resourcesmust have integrity for a period of significance, the
date or span of timewithinwhich significant events transpired at a site or the period inwhich
significant individuals made their important contributions to a site. Integrity is the ability of a
property to convey its significance. The seven primary aspects of integrity are location, design,
setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Simply stated, resources must retain
enoughoftheirhistoricalcharacterorappearancetoberecognizableashistoricalresourcesandto
conveythereasonsfortheirsignificance.14
Ifhistoricalresourcesaredeterminedtobesignificantandunique,thenapublicagencyconducting
environmental review must determine whether the project may result in a substantial adverse
change to these historic resources. According to Section 15064.5(b) of the CEQA Guidelines, a
substantial adverse change in the significance of an historic resource is defined as the physical
14 CaliforniaCodeofRegulations,Title14,Section4852.
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demolition,destruction,relocation,oralterationoftheresourceoritsimmediatesurroundingssuch
that the significance of an historic resource would bematerially impaired. Material impairment
occurswhenaproject:
Demolishesormateriallyalters inanadversemanner thosephysical characteristicsofan
historicalresourcethatconveyitshistoricalsignificanceandthatjustifyitsinclusionin,or
eligibilityfor,inclusionintheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources;
Demolishes ormaterially alters in an adversemanner those physical characteristics that
account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to Section
5020.1(k)ofthePublicResourcesCodeoritsidentificationinanhistoricalresourcessurvey
meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the
public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of
evidencethattheresourceisnothistoricallyorculturallysignificant;or
Demolishesormateriallyalters inanadversemanner thosephysical characteristicsofan
historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for
inclusionintheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResourcesasdeterminedbyaleadagency
forpurposesofCEQA.
CEQA regulations identify the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards as a measure to be used in
determiningwhetherornotaprojectofnewdevelopmentorrehabilitationadversely impactsan
historic resource. Section 15064.5(b)(3) of theCEQAGuidelines states, "Generally, a project that
follows the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with
Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, andReconstructingHistoricBuildings or the
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards forRehabilitation andGuidelines forRehabilitatingHistoric
Buildings(Secretary’sStandards,WeeksandGrimmer,1995)shallbeconsideredasmitigatedtoa
leveloflessthanasignificantimpactonthehistoricresource."15
iii. Senate Bill 18
Senate Bill 18 requires cities and counties to contact, notify, and consult with California Native
AmericanTribesaboutproposedlocallanduseplanningdecisionspriortoamendingoradoptinga
general plan. The purpose of this local and Tribal intergovernmental consultation is to protect,
15 WhilecompliancewiththeSecretary’sStandardsindicatesthataprojectmayhavealessthansignificantimpacton
anhistoricalresource,theconverseofthisdoesnothold.FailuretocomplywiththeSecretary’sStandardsisnot,bydefinition, a significant impact under CEQA. CEQA recognizes that alterations that are not consistent with theSecretary’sStandardsmaystillnotresultinsignificantimpactsonthehistoricalresource.
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preserve, or mitigate impacts to Native American Cultural Places. For this purpose, the Native
AmericanHeritageCommissioncreatedanew listofTribalconsultants that isspecific forSenate
Bill18.Thislistismadeupofentitiesthatareconsidered“TribalGovernments,”whichincludesall
federally recognized Tribes and non‐federally recognized Tribes thatmeetminimum criteria set
forthbytheNativeAmericanHeritageCommission.
AccordingtoSenateBill18,NativeAmericanCulturalPlacesreferstoplaces,features,andobjects
includingNativeAmericansanctifiedcemeteries,placesofworship,religiousorceremonialsites,or
sacred shrines on private lands, and Native American historic, cultural, or sacred site on public
lands that are listed or may be eligible for listing in the California Register pursuant to Public
ResourcesCodeSection5024.1,includinganyhistoricorprehistoricremains,anyburialground,or
anyarchaeologicalorhistoricsite.16
c. City of Los Angeles
i. City of Los Angeles Historic‐Cultural Monument Designation
TheLosAngelesCityCouncildesignatesHistoric‐CulturalMonumentson the recommendationof
theCity'sCulturalHeritageCommission.Section22.171.7oftheCityofLosAngelesAdministrative
Codedefinesanhistoricalorculturalmonumentas:
"[A]nysite(includingsignificanttreesorotherplantlifelocatedonthesite),buildingor structureofparticularhistoricorcultural significance to theCityofLosAngeles,includinghistoric structuresor sites inwhich thebroadcultural,economicor socialhistory of the nation, State or community is reflected or exemplified; or which isidentifiedwithhistoricpersonagesorwith importantevents in themaincurrentsofnational,Stateorlocalhistory;orwhichembodiesthedistinguishingcharacteristicsofanarchitectural type specimen, inherently valuable fora studyofaperiod, styleormethodofconstruction;oranotableworkofamasterbuilder,designer,orarchitectwhoseindividualgeniusinfluencedhisorherage."
Designation recognizes theuniquehistorical, cultural, or architectural valueof certain structures
and helps to protect their distinctive qualities. Any interested individual or group may submit
nominations for Historic‐Cultural Monument status. Buildings may be eligible for historical or
culturalmonument status if theymeet the criteria in theCulturalHeritageOrdinance and retain
theirhistoricdesigncharacteristicsandmaterials.
16 PublicResourcesCodeSections5097.9and5097.993
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ii. City of Los Angeles Historic Preservation Overlay Zones
The Historic Preservation Overlay Zones (HPOZ) Ordinance (Section 12.20.3 of the Los Angeles
Municipal Code) was adopted by the Los Angeles City Council in 2004. A designated Historic
PreservationOverlayZonemayapplytoanyareaoftheCityofLosAngelescontainingstructures,
landscaping, natural features, or sites having historic, architectural, cultural, or aesthetic
significance.ThepurposeofanHistoricPreservationOverlayZoneisto:
Protectandenhancetheuseofstructures,features,sitesandareasthatareremindersofthe
City’shistoryorwhichareuniqueandirreplaceableassetstotheCityanditsneighborhoods
orwhichareworthyexamplesofpastarchitecturalstyles;
Develop and maintain the appropriate settings and environment to preserve these
structures,landscaping,naturalfeatures,sites,andareas;
Enhance property values, stabilize neighborhoods, and/or communities, render property
eligibleforfinancialbenefits,andpromotetouristtradeandinterest;
Fosterpublicappreciationof thebeautyof theCity,of theaccomplishmentsof itspastas
reflectedthroughitsstructures,landscaping,naturalfeatures,sitesandareas;
Promote education by preserving and encouraging interest in cultural, social, economic,
politicalandarchitecturalphasesofitshistory;and
ToensurethatallprocedurescomplywiththeCaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct.
Therearecurrently24HistoricPreservationOverlayZonesinLosAngelesranginginsizefrom26
properties in theVinegarHillHistoricPreservationOverlayZone toover2,000properties in the
Highland Park Historic Preservation Overlay Zone. Currently, 15 more Historic Preservation
OverlayZonesareproposed.TheProjectsitedoesnot liewithinanexistingorproposedHistoric
PreservationOverlayZone.
iii. Silver Lake‐Echo Park‐Elysian Valley Community Plan
ThePlancontainsthefollowinggoalsandprogramrelatedtohistoricresources:
Objective1‐5: Preserve and enhance neighborhoods with distinctive and significant
historicorarchitecturalcharacter.
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Policy1‐5.2: Encourage reuse of historic resources in a manner that maintains and
enhancesthehistoriccharacterofstructuresandneighborhoods.
Program: Encourage,whereappropriate,there‐useofhistoricallysignificantbuildings
whentheproposedusesarefoundtobecompatiblewithboththebuilding’s
historiccharacterandsurroundinguses.
Thepotential fortheProjecttoconflictwithapplicableGeneralPlangoalsandpoliciesrelatingto
historicandculturalresourcesisdiscussedinSectionIV.H,LandUseandPlanning,ofthisDraftEIR.
3. EXISTING CONDITIONS
a. Paleontological Resources
The records searchperformedby theNaturalHistoryMuseumofLosAngelesCountyVertebrate
PaleontologySectionfoundnovertebratefossillocalities(siteswherevertebratefossilshavebeen
found)thatliewithintheProjectsiteboundaries.However,fossilshavebeenfoundintheProject
vicinitywithinthesamesedimentarydepositsthatoccurbeneaththeProjectsite.
SurficialdepositscomposedofyoungerQuaternaryAlluviumarelocatedinthelow‐lyingportionof
theProjectsite(theformerChavezRavine).17Therearenoknownvertebratefossillocalitiesinthe
Project vicinity in deposits of younger Quaternary Alluvium; however, where the layer of
QuaternaryAlluviumisthinnerneardowntownLosAngeles,vertebratefossilshavebeenfound.
BedrockexposuresinthemoreelevatedportionsoftheProjectsiteconsistoflateMioceneupper
Monterey Formation (also known asModelo Formation or Puente Formation in this area). The
closest vertebrate fossil possibly abuts the Project site (LACM 4967), an Elysian Park general
locality. This site produced a holotype specimen (name‐bearing specimen of a species new to
science)oftheextinctfossilclupeidfish(aherring)Clupeatiejei.Thenextclosestlocalitiesfromthe
upperMontereyFormationincludeLACM7507,dueeastoftheProjectsitebetweentheLosAngeles
River and the Golden State Freeway (1‐5), south of the Pasadena Freeway (1‐110). This site
produced fossil snakemackerel,Tlryrsocleskriegeri.LACM3882, furtherdueeastof theProject
siteinthehillsofLincolnHeights,producedtheholotypespecimenofthefossilcetotheriidbaleen
whaleMi'xocetuselysius,oneofthemostcompletefossilwhaleskullsknownfromCalifornia.LACM
17 AsdiscussedinSectionIV.E,GeologicHazards,ofthisDraftEIRandasshowninFigureIV.E‐1,alluvialdepositswereencounteredin
thenorthernportionofthewesternProjectsite,colluvialdepositswereencounteredonthemajorityoftheeasternProjectsiteandthe northeastern and northwestern portions of the western Project site, and entire site is underlain by Puente Formation (orMioceneupperMontereyFormation).AsshowninFigureIV.E‐1,thePuenteFormationisexposedalongthewesternmajorityofthewesternProjectsiteandpartofthenorthernandeasternportionsoftheeasternProjectsite.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐15 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
1880,northeastof theProject site betweenFigueroa Street andCypressAvenue, thatproduced a
suite of fossil bony fish including hatchetfish, Argyropelecus bullockii, bristlemouth, Cyclothone,
herring, Etringus, rockfish, Scorpaenidae, extinct deep‐sea fish, Chauliodus, slickheads,
Alepocephalidae,cod,Eclipes,andcroaker,Lompoquia.
Other nearby localities from the upper Monterey Formation include LACM 6934, farther north‐
northeastoftheProjectsitedirectlyeastoftheMt.WashingtonSchool,thatproducedafossilbaleen
whaleskull (asyetunprepared),andLACM7017,alsonortheastoftheProjectsitejustbelowthe
SouthwestMuseumnearthePasadenaFreeway(1‐110),thatproducedfossilbonyfish.
b. Archaeological Resources
Noarchaeologicalsitesorisolatedartifactshavebeenidentifiedonorwithinahalf‐mileradiusofthe
Project site. This does not preclude the potential for archaeological sites to be identified during
projectactivities.
c. Historic Resources
i. Tuberculosis and the Sanatorium Movement in California
Priortotheisolationandidentificationofantibioticcompoundstocombatbacterialdiseasesinthe
mid‐twentiethcentury,tuberculosiswasacommonanddeadlydisease.In1900,thedeathratefrom
tuberculosisintheUnitedStateswascalculatedat194deathsforevery100,000people.Although
thediseasewasproventobecontagiousby1865,andtheinfectingbacterium,tuberbacillus,was
isolated in 1882, effective treatmentwas poorly understood. The diseasewas highly feared and
victimsoftuberculosiscarriedasocialstigmaevenaftertheirrecovery.Isolationfromthegeneral
population,completerest,andexposuretofresh,cleanairbecamethepreferredtreatmentgiving
risetothedevelopmentofspecializedsanatoriumforthetreatmentoftuberculosispatients.
SouthernCalifornia,with itsmildclimate,year‐roundsunandrelative isolation fromthenation's
major East Coast and Mid‐West cities became a favored location for convalescent facilities. The
population throughout Southern California increased both with the influx of those in need of
treatmentaswellasthoseprovidingfortheircare.SouthernCaliforniaarchitecturaltrendsofthe
early twentieth century directly reflect the health concerns of the time. The Craftsman style of
domestic architecture and the popular "California Bungalow" included wide porches, multiple
windows,ventilatedattics,andaprofusionofsleepingporches,ensuringplentyof lightandfresh
airfortheoccupants.Theseelementswereincorporatedinsanatoriumdesign.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐16 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
ii. History of Barlow Hospital
BarlowSanatoriumwasfoundedin1901byDr.WalterJarvisBarlowwiththepurposeofproviding
careforindigenttuberculosispatientswhoresidedinLosAngelesCounty.Patientswerelimitedto
those who were unable to work because of their affliction but who would likely respond to
treatment. Those admittedwere of limitedmeans and could not afford private care, but did not
qualify formunicipalorcharitablecare. Incorporated in1902, thesanatoriumwasnon‐sectarian.
While families of the patients were asked to contribute to the cost of care, the services were
subsidized by considerable financial contributions raised by Dr. Barlow from wealthy and
prominentmembersoftheLosAngelescommunity.Inmanycases,patientcareandtreatmentwere
providedfreebythesanatoriumforaslongastwoyears.
Walter Jarvis Barlowwas born in 1868 in upperNew York State toWilliam and Catherine Lent
Barlow.HewaseducatedattheMountPleasantMilitaryAcademy,andcontinuedhiseducationat
ColumbiaUniversitywherehereceivedanA.B.in1886,anM.D.degreein1892,andanMAdegree
in1919.After a two‐year internshipatMt. SinaiHospital inNewYorkCity,Dr.Barlowopeneda
privatemedicalpracticeandalsoservedashousephysicianfortheSloanHospitalforWomen.
In1895,Dr.Barlowcontractedtuberculosis.Believingthatadryandsunnyclimatewouldhelphis
recovery, he moved west, settling in Los Angeles in 1897. After a year of convalescence and
complete recovery, Dr. Barlow began a private practice. HemarriedMarionBrooks Patterson in
1898.Mrs.Barlowwouldworkcloselywithherhusbandinsupportofhismedicalcareer.
Because ofDr. Barlow's personal experiencewith tuberculosis, he specialized in the disease and
decided to open a sanatorium. In 1901,Dr. Barlow chose an approximately twenty‐five acre site
adjacenttotheCity‐ownedElysianParkonChavezRavineRoad(nowStadiumWay)asthelocation
for his sanatorium. Set in a ravine surrounded by rising hillsides, the configuration of hills was
believed to provide the clean air critical to the tuberculosis cure. The adjacent park provided
privacyandwouldprotectthesanatoriumfromencroachingfuturedevelopment.
Dr. Barlow purchased the property from J.B. Lankershim for $7,300. A Board of Directors and a
fifteen‐member Advisory Board were formed, two groups which soon became important to the
operation of Barlow Sanatorium. The Board of Directors (which in 1915 became the Board of
Trustees) and the Advisory Board included prominent business and civic leaders of Southern
California, including generations of families such as O'Melveny, Milbank, Newhall, Kerckhoff,
Slauson,Bonfilio,Hancock,andTorrance.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐17 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Dr.Barlowadvocatedthebenefitsoftheopenaircurefortuberculosisandhissanatoriumoperated
a"cottage"systemoftreatment.OnlytheseriouslyillwerehousedinthemainInfirmary,patients
whowere less ill stayed in stand‐alone cottages sharedwith other patients at the same stage of
recovery. Patients were then "graduated" to other cottages as their conditions improved. Each
cottage was equipped with large porches and provided maximum exposure to fresh air and
sunshine.Thecottagesystemwasbelievedatthetimetoprovidethebestconditionsforrecovery.
Thefirstsanatoriumbuildingsincludedakitchen,aninfirmary,andseveral"tent"cottages.Thetent
cottagesweresimplewood‐framestructureswithshingledroofsandcanvassidewalls.Additional
cottageswerebuilt insubsequentyearstohousepatientsandstaff.Allstructureswerebuiltwith
donatedfunds.Decorativelandscapinggraduallyreplacedthebarrenhillsides.
BarlowSanatoriumadmittedits firstpatient in1903.Withinayear,thirty‐fourpatientshadbeen
treated and the sanatorium had fifteen beds. Because the treatment regimen required extended
stays,thenumberofpatientsthatcouldbeservedwaslimited.AsthereputationofDr.Barlowand
hiscolleaguesgrew,increaseddonationsallowedfortheconstructionofmorecottagesandsupport
buildingsmakingthetreatmentofmorepatientspossible.
Anexcellentfundraiser,Dr.Barlowsuccessfullyestablishedanendowmentfundfortheinstitution.
An annual fundraising bazaar, lawn parties and other social events were given by the Barlows,
donors, and Boardmembers to raise additional funds. Dr. Barlow established relationshipswith
many well‐known charitable and service organizations in Los Angeles. Like the sanatorium's
individualdonors,manyoftheseorganizationsdonatedcottagesandotherfacilitiestoimprovethe
sanatorium.
Dr. Barlow also developed affiliations with hospitals that led to an arrangement where student
nurseswerebrought toBarlow. In thisway, thenursingstudentswereprovidedwithon‐the‐job
trainingwhile at the same time improving Barlow staff. In the early 1930s, a doctor's residency
programwas developed at the sanatorium for the study of tuberculosis. A laboratorywas later
addedwhere testswere performed and patient progresswasmonitored on an outpatient basis.
Through these programs,Dr. Barlowandhis sanatoriumplayed an important role in developing
patient treatments,advocating theopenair treatmentmethod,providingmedical training,and in
furtheringresearchandunderstandingoftuberculosis.
Maintaining associations with his eastern colleagues, Dr. Barlow created a strong national
reputationforhissanatorium.Overtheyears,Dr.Barlowandhissanatoriumcolleagueswereactive
instate,andnationalhealthorganizations,includingtheCaliforniaTuberculosisAssociationandthe
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐18 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
National Tuberculosis Association and received wide recognition for their contributions both
individuallyandasaninstitution.
During and immediately after WorldWar I, more permanent bungalow‐style cottages gradually
replaced the temporary tent cottages. The new cottages, like the previous tent cottages, were
constructed to allow exposure to fresh air and sunlight, still considered vital to recovery from
tuberculosis.Thecottageshadopenpatios,sleepingporches,andscreenedbedrooms.
During World War I, the majority of patients at the sanatorium consisted of returning military
personnelwithtuberculosis,asaresultofacontractbetweenthesanatoriumandtheUnitedStates
Veteran'sAdministration.Thesubsequentstrainon thesanatorium's resourceswasalleviatedby
generous donations from theAmericanRed Cross and the LosAngelesTuberculosisAssociation.
Thecontributionswereusedtobuildadditionalpatient facilities tosatisfy thewartimeandpost‐
war demand. The Barlow Guild, founded in 1943, was established by ex‐patients to provide
financialandothersupporttothesanatorium.
Dr.Barlowremainedinprivatepracticethroughouthisthirty‐fiveyearsofrunningthesanatorium.
WorkingfirstasResidentPhysicianattheVanNuysHotel,helaterestablishedaprivatepracticein
downtownLosAngeles.He servedaschiefof themedical staffof thesanatoriumuntil1925,and
also served as secretary‐treasurer of the Barlow Board of Directors from the inception of the
sanatoriumuntilhisdeathin1937.Throughouthislifetime,heassumedthemajorresponsibilityof
the administration and general conduct of the business affairs of the sanatorium, and played a
major role in fundraising. Inaddition,heandhiswifeweresignificantdonors to thesanatorium.
Mrs.Barlowwasanactivememberofthesanatorium'sExecutiveCommitteefromitsinceptionand
continuedherworkatthesanatoriumlongafterherhusband'sdeath.Shediedin1964.
In1938anofficialaffiliationbetweenBarlowSanatoriumandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia
(USC)MedicalSchoolwasestablished,formalizingalongstandingrelationshipbetweenDr.Barlow
andUSC.In1897,Dr.BarlowhadbecomeaffiliatedwiththestrugglingnewUSCMedicalSchool,the
firstmedical school inLosAngeles.Hedonateda librarybuilding to theschoolwhichserved the
entire Los Angeles medical community for many years. He had also served as Dean of the USC
Medical School from 1907 to 1910. Through this 1938 affiliation with USC, Barlow Sanatorium
became a teaching hospital,which identified it as amedical institutionwith high standards that
conductedactiveandproductiveresearch.
By the late 1940s, Barlowwas still a teachinghospital forUSCMedical School students, offering
post‐graduatecoursesfordoctors,andhadaffiliationswith84otherteachinghospitals.In1952the
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐19 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
sanatorium had 35 buildings, 50 hospital beds, 70 convalescent beds, 100 employees, and 26
student nurses. With the discovery of antibiotics and continuing advances in the treatment of
tuberculosis, however, Barlow Sanatorium began to reevaluate its statedmission and goals. The
eventualreductionintheincidenceoftuberculosisgreatlyreducedthenumberofpatientsandled
to discussion of expanding the sanatorium's scope to include patients with non‐tubercular
pulmonaryconditions.Advancedmedical technologyandequipmentrequirednewbuilding types
andthecottagesfellintodisuse.Inaddition,theconstructionofDodgerStadiumandthewidening
ofChavezRavineRoadtocreateStadiumWayalteredtheoriginalisolationofthesanatoriumsite.
Bythelate1960s,thesanatoriumhadassumedtheformofamoretraditionalhospitalfocusingon
non‐tubercular pulmonary disease. By the 1970s, the transformation into today's Barlow
Respiratory Hospital was complete. Barlow Hospital's medical staff has continued their
contributionstomedicalresearchandtheHospitalformallyreneweditsaffiliationwithUSCinthe
1970s.Underthisagreement,BarlowprovidestheUSCMedicalSchoolwithaccessto itsteaching
andresearchfacilities,whileUSCprovidesBarlowwithqualifiedmedicalstudentsandFellowswho
trainedonthejob.SomeBarlowphysiciansalsoholdprofessorshipsatUSC.
iii. Site Development History
ExistingdevelopmentislistedinTableIV.D‐1,SummaryofExistingFacilities.
Initial Development (1902‐1913)
By1904, two years after incorporation and one year after admission of the first patient, Barlow
Sanatoriumhadconstructedseveralbuildingsonthesite:theAdministrationBuilding,aninfirmary
called Solano Cottage, two tent cottages, and a stable. Of these original structures, only the
AdministrationBuilding,builtin1902andremodeledandenlargedmanytimes,stillstands.
Between 1904 and 1913 fourteen patient tent cottages were added, steadily increasing the
sanatorium'spatientcapacity.Severalcottagesforemployeeswereaddedby1914,allofwhichare
stillextant.Otherbuildingsaddedbefore1914thatarestillextantincludeWilliamsHall(#3),the
Laundry (#6), and the Patient's Workshop and Storeroom (#28). Williams Hall was built in
1909/10asthesanatorium'srecreationhall.Thisbuilding,attributedtoB.B.Bixby,helpedformthe
centralcoreofthecampus,alongwiththeinfirmaryandtheAdministrationBuilding.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐20 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Table IV.D‐1
Summary of Existing Facilities
BuildingNo.a BuildingName BuildingFunctionDateof
ConstructionAdministration
1 Administration AdministrativeOffices 1961PatientServices
2 Hospital Infirmary/Hospital 1927/1972/19782A Administration AdministrativeOffices 1902/19193 WilliamsHall Recreation 19094 Library PatientEducation 192128 Warehouse PatientWorkshopand
Storage1912
ProfessionalandWorkerHousing 5 HelpBuilding(GuildHouse) WorkerHousing 19207 BirgeHall StaffHousing 19198 Physician’sResidence StaffHousing 1908/1913/19419 BosworthHall Nurses’Housing 194937 Doctor’sCottage StaffHousing 194038 MedicalDirector’sResidence StaffHousing 1936
Maintenance 6 LaundryBuilding LaundryServices 191010 CentralSupplyII Storage/AnimalTesting 1924/197021 Carpenter’sShop AnimalBreeding 194022 Shed Maintenance Post‐195423 GardeningShed Workers’Cottage 1907/190824 GardeningShed Maintenance Various25 PaintLocker Workers’Cottage 1906/190726 MaintenanceShop/ElBaño Bath/Maintenance 191627 Garage StaffGarage 1920/1923
PatientHousing 11 ElizabethG.BonfilioMemorial
CottagePatientCottage 1914
12 St.BernardineCottage PatientCottage 192713 Lyon’sMemorialCottage PatientCottage 192414 BeemanMemorialCottage PatientCottage 192215 Slauson&McNeillMemorial
CottagePatientCottage 1919
16 MilbankCottage PatientCottage 192617 RedCrossIICottage PatientCottage 191918 RedCrossICottage PatientCottage 191919 RedCrossIIICottage PatientCottage 191920 RedCrossVICottage PatientCottage 191929 BigRedCrossCottage PatientCottage 191930 StevensCottage PatientCottage 191931 HCR PatientCottage 191832 AllenCottage PatientCottage 1918
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐21 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Table IV.D‐1
Summary of Existing Facilities
BuildingNo.a BuildingName BuildingFunctionDateof
Construction33 ThorneCottage PatientCottage 191734 ShrineCottage PatientCottage 191835 MorrisonCottage PatientCottage 192136 EshmanCottage PatientCottage 1927
a Buildingnos.correspond tonumberedbuildingsdepicted inSection II,ProjectDescription, inFigure II‐5,SitePlan–ExistingConditions.
Sources:M2AMilofskyandMichaliArchitectsandHistoricResourcesGroup,January2001;HistoricResourcesGroup,October2011
TheLaundryBuildingwasconstructed in1909/10at thesouthendof thegroundsnear thestaff
cottageswhenacityordinancewaspassedwhichprohibitedhospitallaundryfrombeingsentout.
DonatedbyDr.Barlow,thebrickbuildingwaslocated.ThePatients'WorkshopandStoreroomwas
builtin1912/13.
The original stable, built in 1902, was remodeled in 1917 into a garage when the sanatorium
purchasedanautomobile;thiswasdemolishedsometimeafter1954.Thetwooriginaltentcottages,
thefirstofseveralthatwouldbebuiltoverthesubsequent10years,weretheMedicalandDental
Student'sCottageand thePotterBazaarCottage(laterdemolished).Otherstructuresbuiltduring
this period that are no extant on theproperty include a crematory or incinerator (1904/5), two
summerhouses(1905,1911),abathhouse1905/6),andNursesBuilding(1910/11).
The sanatoriumgroundswere continually improvedduring thisperiod, including theplantingof
trees, palms, shrubbery, flowers, and lawns as well as the addition of curbs, storm drains, and
cementwalkingpaths.
Sanatorium Expansion (1914‐1927)
TheElizaMcMillanMemorialMedicalBuilding,constructedin1914,providedexaminationrooms,
anx‐raydepartment,throatdepartment,recordroom,waitingrooms,dressingrooms,andinterns'
quarters, and provided for examinations of all patients and applicants so they no longer had to
entertheInfirmary.Thisbuildingwasdemolishedin1978.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐22 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Theeraoftentcottagescametoanendwiththeconstructionofthefirst"permanent"cottagesin
1914.Between1914and1927,eighteenpermanentcottageswerebuilttoreplacethetentcottages,
accelerated followingWorldWar I by the demands of treating military personnel afflicted with
tuberculosis.ElizabethG.BonfilioMemorialCottage(#11)wasthefirstpermanentcottage;thetwo‐
patient cottage featured screened bedrooms and connecting shower/baths, toilet, and dressing
rooms,andsetanewstandardforpatientcottagesatthesanatorium.
El Baño (#26) was built in 1916 as a bath building with separate areas for men and women
featuringmultipleshowers,dressingrooms,andtoilets.Withinstallationofbathingfacilitiesinthe
newcottages,therewasnofurtherneedforthebathhouseby1919anditappearsthestructurewas
movedfromthenorthtothesouthsideofthegarage,whereitfunctionedasaworkshopandgarage
after1926.
Duringthisperiod,thesanatoriumexpandedtothewestsideofwhatisnowStadiumWaywiththe
constructionofeightpermanentcottages tohousemalepatients.Allweresimilar indesign,plan,
andmaterials.GeorgianaP.AdamsMemorialCottage(#33,laterrenamedThorneCottage),builtin
1917,wasthefirst four‐patientcottage.Subsequentcottages includedAlMalaikahShrineCottage
(#34,ShrineCottage) constructed in1918by theShriners to replace their1906/07 tentcottage;
JustinMorrellMcKennaMemorialCottage (#32, later renamedAllenCottage)wasconstructed in
1918;andIsaacNortonMemorialCottage(#31,nowcalledH.C.R.)wasbuiltin1919toreplacetwo
earliertentcottages.AmericanRedCrossBuildingNo.1(#29,BigRedCross)wasbuiltin1919to
house twelve male military patients. After the sanatorium canceled its contract with the U.S.
Veteran'sAdministrationtotreatmilitarypersonnel,thebuildingwasmodifiedin1924toserveas
asix‐patientwardandagainin1937toaccommodateeightpatients.HoratioG.andJuliaA.Brooks
MemorialCottage(#30,StevensCottage)wasbuilt in1919andwasthenorthernmostcottageon
thewestsideofStadiumWay.GerhardandLouiseEshmanCottage(#36,EshmanCottage)wasbuilt
in1927andwasthelastcottagebuiltwestofStadiumWay.
Fouridenticalcottages,AmericanRedCrossCottages1,2,3,and4(#18,#17,#19,#20),werebuilt
attheendof1919ontheeasternProjectsiteforservicemenreturningfromWorldWarI.Because
theywere built close to themain sanatoriumbuildings, these cottageswere sometimesused for
non‐ambulatorypatientsthatcouldnotbeaccommodatedintheinfirmary.
A collection of five cottagewas constructed on the hillside above the fourRed Cross cottages to
satisfy thegrowingneed for facilities tohousewomenpatients, includingbuildings#15(Slauson
Cottage, 1919); #35 (Morrison Cottage, 1921/22); #14 (State Cottage, built in 1922 to house
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐23 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
teacherswithtuberculosis);#13(LyonsCottage,1924);#16(MilbankCottage,1926);and#12(St.
Bernardine,1927).
The sanatorium also constructed professional and worker housing and upgraded and expanded
servicefacilities.GeorgeK.BirgeMemorialNursesHome(#7,BirgeHall)wasconstructedin1919
to house 14 resident nurses needed as a result of continually increasing patient capacity. To
complementtheincreasedhousingforsanatoriumstaff,agarage(#27)wasalsobuilt in1920/21
fornursesanddoctors.Followingtheconstructionofanewnurse’sresidence,BosworthHall(#9),
in1949,BirgeHallhousedotherfemalesanatoriumworkers.
The Help Building (#5, Guild House) was built in 1920 as a residence for male sanatorium
employees.Inthe1970s,theGuildtookovertheHelpBuildingandrenovateditasagiftshop;Guild
volunteersareresponsiblefortheshop’soperationsandforrenovationandongoingmaintenance
ofthebuilding.
TheLibrary(#4)wasconstructedin1921/22.Thereinforcedconcretebuildingfeaturedatileroof,
stuccoexteriorwalls,andtwostainedglasswindowsflankingaBatcheldertilefireplace.
TheEllaBrooksSolanoInfirmary(#2,thepresentHospital)wasbuiltin1927toreplacetheoriginal
infirmary,whichburneddownin1924.Thetwo‐storystructurewasbuilttohousethirtypatients,
andfeaturedlargeporchesonthreesidesofbothfloors,athree‐storycentertowerwithhippedtile
roof, and a seven‐bay arcade. Infirmary patients were wheeled in their beds into the arcade,
spendingthemorninghoursinthefreshair.Overtheyears,severaladditionsweremade,thetower
wasremoved,andthestructurewasremodeledseveraltimes.Themostrecentremodelresultedin
thecurrenthospitalbuilding.
Sanatorium Consolidation (1928‐present)
VeryfewmajorbuildingshavebeenaddedtoBarlowSanatoriumsince1927.Thosebuiltsince1927
thatarestillextantincludetheMedicalDirector'sResidence(#38)whichwasbuiltin1936onthe
west side of Chavez Ravine Road on the hill overlooking Chavez Ravine Road. The seven‐room
bungalow,attachedgarages,andattachedapartmentfortheAssistantSecretaryweredesignedby
H. Roy Kelley. Until this time, the sanatorium had maintained its business offices downtown. A
decisiontomovethebusinessofficestotheBarlowgroundsledtotheconstructionofthisresidence
forboththeMedicalDirectorandtheAssistantSecretary.TheResidencewasfirstinhabitedbyDr.
BosworthwhobecameMedicalDirectorin1937.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐24 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
AsecondDoctor'sCottage(#37,Physician'sResidence)wasbuiltin1940.Thisfive‐roombungalow
and garage helped satisfy the shortage of quarters for married resident physicians. It was built
adjacenttotheMedicalDirector'sResidence.
Howard Bosworth Hall (#9) was built in 1949 to house student and graduate nurses. It was
constructedontheeastsideofthesanatoriumsiteonthehilloverlookingthegroundsandprovided
29sleepingrooms,a livingroom,akitchenandadiningroom.Theconstructionofthisresidence
freed up several cottages used until that time by student nurses, thereby increasing the
sanatorium'spatientcapacity.
TheFrancesWhitakerAdministrationBuilding(#1)wasbuiltin1961.Alsobuiltduringthisperiod
wereanAnimalBreedingHouse(#21),constructedcirca1940tobreedandhouseguineapigsfor
useinresearch,andtwosheds(#21and#24).Twobuildingsbuiltafter1927thatnolongerexist
includetheAviary(1930)andtheElksTuberculosisLibrary(1947).
iv. Previous Evaluation and Identification of Historical Resources
BarlowHospitalwasdesignatedasHistoric‐CulturalMonumentNo.504bytheCityofLosAngeles
in1990. In1992,BarlowHospitalwasdetermined eligible for listingon theNationalRegisterof
Historic Places as an Historic District18 and is therefore automatically listed on the California
Register of Historical Resources. Select buildings and landscape features on the Project site are
recognizedascontributorstotheHistoricDistrict,whichcollectivelyderivetheirsignificanceasa
single unified entity. No single building or portion of the Project site was determined to be
individually significant. TheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrictboundariesarecontiguouswith the
legal boundaries of the Barlow Hospital property. Figure IV.D‐1, Barlow Respiratory Hospital
HistoricDistrict,depictstheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrict.
Barlow Hospital is historically significant as a rare, largely intact example of an early twentieth
century tuberculosis treatment facility in Southern California. It was one of several sanatoriums
built around the turn of the century that utilized Southern California's benign climate, abundant
sunshine, and clean, fresh air to combat tuberculosis before the discovery of antibiotics. The
treatmentsadvocatedbyBarlowHospitalsetastandardofhealthcarefortuberculosispatientsand
helpedestablishSouthernCaliforniaasadestinationforthoseseekingcuresaswellashealthcare
practitioners.
18 TheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrictisenteredontheCaliforniaHistoricResourcesInventorywithastatuscodeof
252,or"determinedeligibleforseparatelistingontheNationalRegisterbyconsensusdetermination."ContributingresourceswithintheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrictareenteredwithastatuscodeof2D2,or"determinedeligibleforlistingontheNationalRegisterasacontributorbyconsensusdetermination."
Figure IV.D-1Barlow Respiratory Hospital Historic District
LEGEND
0 200 400
Scale (Feet)
Source: Historic Resources Group, December 2010.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐26 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐27 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
BarlowSanatorium'sstyleoftreatment,focusedonhousingpatientsinsmall,detachedbungalows,
resulted inadistinctivemedicalcampusresemblingasmallvillage.Groupingsofbungalows,staff
housing,andsupportstructuresarearrayedaroundacentralcoreofmedical,administrativeand
patient service buildings. Buildings are set within a park‐like setting of lawns, trees and paved
footpaths. The collection of buildings, structures, and landscape featureson theBarlowproperty
continue to exhibit the distinctive development pattern, spatial relationships, and architectural
styles of Southern California sanatorium built between the turn of the century through the late
1920s. Themajority of buildingswere constructedbefore 1930 and share common architectural
stylesincludingShingle,Craftsman,andSpanishRevival.
Barlow Hospital is also associated with persons important to local, state and national history
including its founder, Dr. Jarvis Barlow as well as numerous donors to the sanatorium which
numbered some of Los Angeles's most important families and organizations. These include the
Hellman,O'Melveny,Lankershim,Lasky,Solano,Potter,Milbank,McMillanandTorrancefamiliesas
wellastheAmericanRedCross,AlMalaikahShrineTemple,andtheLosAngelesOptimistsClub.
Period of Significance
The period of significance for BarlowHospital extends from1902when purchase of the Elysian
Park site was completed, thru 1952 when methods of treatment changed and expansion of the
sanatorium's focusontuberculosistootherpulmonarydiseaseswasfirstseriouslycontemplated.
This fifty‐year timeframe captures the period duringwhich the "cottage" treatment embodied in
BarlowHospital'scampusplanwasthepreferredmethodoftreatmentfortuberculosispatients.
Topography and Setting
LocatedwithinanarrowravinesurroundedbythehillsidesoftheElysianParkHills,thedistinctive
topographyoftheProjectsiteisadefiningfeatureoftheHistoricalDistrict.Thelowerportionsof
the ravine provided a protected location for sanatorium functions while the steep surrounding
hillsidesremainedinanopen,naturalstate.Thegeneraleffectofaprivateenclavesetinanatural,
park‐likesettinghaslargelybeenmaintainedsincetheperiodofsignificance.
Contributing Buildings
TheHistoricDistrictcontains thirty‐two(32)buildings thatcontribute to itshistoricsignificance.
Although several buildings are in poor condition and show significant signs of damage and
disrepair,nocontributingbuildinghassustainedchangesoralterationssuchthatitcouldnolonger
be considered a contributor to the Historic District. A map of the Historic District indicating
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐28 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
contributingandnon‐contributingbuildings isprovided inFigureIV.D‐1. Contributingbuildings
arelistedinTableIV.D‐2,ContributingBuildingstotheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrict.
Contributing Landscape Features
The Historic District also contains landscape features that date from the period of significance.
These include the configuration of sidewalks, stairs, and planted areas surrounding the cottages
#29 through#36on thewestsideofStadiumWayandcottages#13through#19 locatedeastof
StadiumWay, Portions of the central green space that frontsbuilding#2Aand the spacebehind
cottage#20alsodatefromtheperiodofsignificance.
Thenatural,undevelopedhillsidesontheeasternandwesternProjectsites,bothsidesofStadium
Way,arealsoconsideredcontributorstotheHistoricDistrict.
Non‐Contributing Resources
Seven buildings have been identified as non‐contributors to the Historic District. These are
buildingsthatwereeitherconstructedaftertheperiodofsignificanceorhavebeenheavilyaltered
sincetheperiodofsignificanceandnolongerretainhistoricintegrity.AmapoftheHistoricDistrict
whichindicatesthecontributingandnon‐contributingbuildingsisprovidedinFigureIV.D‐1.Non‐
contributingbuildingsarelistedinTableIV.D‐3,Non‐ContributingBuildingstotheBarlowHospital
HistoricDistrict,below.
Individually Significant Resources
TheHistoricalResourcestechnicalreportpreparedfortheproposedProjectconcludedthatthree
buildings – Williams Hall, Birge Hall, and the Library – appear to be individually significant in
additiontobeingcontributorstotheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrict.Eachisdescribedbelow.
A single‐story, wood‐frame, brick‐ and shingle‐clad building constructed in 1909/1910 as the
sanatorium’srecreationhall,WilliamsHallhostedsmallconcerts,lectures,parties,andfundraisers,
serving a unique and an important function as a social gathering space for the sanatorium
population andmembers of the larger LosAngeles community. By providing an informal public
face for Barlow Hospital, Williams Hall represents an important nexus between the sanatorium
population and the larger community. It is one of the earliest of the Barlow campus’s core
administrative and service buildings that is still intact, and remains largely unaltered since its
originalconstruction.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐29 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Table IV.D‐2
Contributing Buildings to the Barlow Hospital Historic District
BuildingNo.a BuildingName BuildingFunction DateofConstruction
Administration 2A Administration AdministrativeOffices 1902
PatientServices3 WilliamsHall Recreation 19094 Library PatientEducation 1921
ProfessionalandWorkerHousing 5 HelpBuilding(GuildHouse) WorkerHousing 19207 BirgeHall StaffHousing 19198 Physician’sResidence StaffHousing 1908/1913/19419 BosworthHall Nurses’Housing 194923 GardenShed Worker’sCottage 1907/190825 PaintLocker Worker’sCottage 1906/190737 Doctor’sCottage StaffHousing 194038 MedicalDirector’sResidence StaffHousing 1936
Maintenance 6 LaundryBuilding LaundryServices 191026 MaintenanceShop/ElBaño Bath/Maintenance 191628 Warehouse PatientWorkshopandStorage 1912
PatientHousing 11 ElizabethG.BonfilioMemorialCottage PatientCottage 191412 St.BernardineCottage PatientCottage 192713 Lyon’sMemorialCottage PatientCottage 192414 BeemanMemorialCottage PatientCottage 192215 Slauson&McNeillMemorialCottage PatientCottage 191916 MilbankCottage PatientCottage 192617 RedCrossIICottage PatientCottage 191918 RedCrossICottage PatientCottage 191919 RedCrossIIICottage PatientCottage 191920 RedCrossVICottage PatientCottage 191929 BigRedCrossCottage PatientCottage 191930 StevensCottage PatientCottage 191931 HCR PatientCottage 191832 AllenCottage PatientCottage 191833 ThorneCottage PatientCottage 191734 ShrineCottage PatientCottage 191835 MorrisonCottage PatientCottage 192136 EshmanCottage PatientCottage 1927
_____________a Buildingnos.correspondtonumberedbuildingsdepictedinSectionII,ProjectDescription,inFigureII‐5,SitePlan–ExistingConditions.Source:HistoricResourcesGroup,HistoricalResourcesTechnicalReport:BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProject,October2011.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐30 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Table IV.D‐3
Non‐Contributing Buildings to the Barlow Hospital Historic District
BuildingNo.a BuildingName BuildingFunctionDateof
ConstructionAdministration
1 Administration AdministrativeOffices 1961PatientServices
2 Hospital Infirmary/Hospital 1927/1972/1978Maintenance
10 CentralSupplyII Storage/AnimalTesting 1924/197021 Carpenter’sShop AnimalBreeding 194022 Shed Maintenance 1954orlater24 GardenShed Maintenance NoDate27 Garage StaffGarage 1920/1923
_____________Source:HistoricResourcesGroup,HistoricalResourcesTechnicalReport:BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProject,October2011.
BirgeHallwasconstructedin1919ashousingforresidentnursesatBarlowHospital,andisarare
survivingexampleofanearly20th‐centuryhousingformedicalpersonnel.Itisatwo‐story,wood‐
frame, shingle‐clad buildingwith an addition constructed in 1945 at its north end. Although the
building is currently in some disrepair, it retains the majority of its original character‐defining
features.
TheLibrarywasconstructedin1921/1922asareinforcedconcretebuildingintheSpanishColonial
Revival style. The Library represents a unique patient service building on the Project site and,
together with the Infirmary building (long since incorporated into the current main hospital
building), marked the introduction of this architectural style as well as advanced construction
techniques to theBarlowcampus.Thebuildingwas renovated in1992and retains its character‐
definingfeatures.
Nootherbuilding,structure,objectorsite locatedontheBarlowHospitalpropertyappearstobe
individuallysignificant.Nobuilding,structure,objectorsiteappearstobeindividuallyassociated
with important persons or events in history beyond those associatedwith BarlowHospital as a
whole.Noindividualbuilding,structure,objectorsiteisaparticularlydistinctiveexampleoftype,
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐31 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
period,designormethodofconstruction,andnonecanindividuallybeconsideredarepresentative
workofamasterarchitect,designer,artistorcraftsman.19
v. Application of Criteria for Current Evaluation of Historical Significance
Evaluation of the Barlow Sanatorium Historic District for the National Register
Historic District
BarlowHospitalwasdeterminedeligiblefortheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesasanhistoric
district by consensus determination in 1992. The Barlow Hospital Historic District was found
significantunderNationalRegisterCriterionAforitsassociationwiththedevelopmentofsanatoria
for tuberculosis patients during the first half of the twentieth century, particularly in Southern
California.BarlowSanatorium's(laterHospital)successful treatmentofrespiratory illnesshelped
toestablishstandardsfortheindustry.
TheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrictwasalsofoundsignificantunderNationalRegisterCriterionB
foritsassociationwithpersonsimportanttothehistoryofLosAngeles,theregion,Californiaand
thenationincludingDr.WalterJarvisBarlowaswellasnumerousdonorstothesanatoriumwhich
numberedsomeofLosAngeles'smostimportantfamiliesandorganizations.
TheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrictwasalsofoundsignificantunderNationalRegisterCriterionC
as a rare example of a sanatorium campus from the early twentieth century. The collection of
buildings, structures, and landscape features on the Barlow property continue to exhibit the
distinctive development pattern, spatial relationships, and architectural styles of Southern
Californiasanatoriumoftheperiod.
The Barlow Hospital Historic District has retained integrity of location, design, workmanship,
materials,feeling,setting,andassociationandremainseligibleforlistingintheNationalRegister.
Williams Hall
WilliamsHallappearstobesignificantunderNationalRegisterCriterionAforitsassociationwith
the social events and gatherings held at Barlow Hospital during the period of significance. As
previouslystated,WilliamsHallhasnotbeensignificantlyalteredsincetheperiodofsignificance,
19 Resources evaluated as significant individually are not considered of higher importance than contributors to a
historic district. The difference relates only to the type of historic resourcebeingdefined. The significance of theBarlowHospital propertyderives from the collective interplayof topography, landscape, circulationpatterns, andbuildings,ratherthanfromanysinglecontributingfeature.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐32 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
andassuch,hasretainedintegrityoflocation,design,workmanship,materials,feeling,setting,and
association.
Birge Hall
BirgeHallappearstobeindividuallysignificantunderNationalRegisterCriterionCasarare,intact
exampleofaresidentialbuildingfromtheearly20thcenturybuiltonthesiteofamedicalinstitution
tohousemedicalpersonnel.Aspreviouslystated,despiteminoralterationsanda1946addition,it
retains themajorityof itscharacter‐defining featuresandhasnotbeensignificantlyalteredsince
theperiodof significance. It retains integrityof location,design,workmanship,materials, feeling,
setting,andassociation,andassuch,appearseligibleforlistingintheNationalRegister.
Library
The Library appears to be individually significant under National Register Criterion C as a rare,
intactexampleof apatient servicesbuilding fromthe1920sconstructedon thesiteofamedical
institution (i.e., intended specifically to provide a library for recovering patients). The Library
retains themajorityof itscharacter‐defining featuresandhasnotbeensignificantlyalteredsince
theperiodof significance. It retains integrityof location,design,workmanship,materials, feeling,
setting,andassociation,andassuch,appearseligibleforlistingintheNationalRegister.
Evaluation of the Barlow Sanatorium Historic District for the California Register
Historic District
The Barlow Hospital Historic District is listed on the California Register by virtue of being
determinedeligiblefortheNationalRegister.It issignificantunderCaliforniaRegisterCriterion1
foritsassociationwiththedevelopmentofsanatoriafortuberculosispatientsduringthefirsthalfof
the twentiethcentury,Criterion2 for itsassociationwithpersons importanttothehistoryofLos
Angeles, the region, California and thenation, andCriterion3 as a rare exampleof a sanatorium
campusfromtheearlytwentiethcentury.
TheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrictalsohasretainedintegrityoflocation,design,workmanship,
materials, feeling, setting, and association. As such, it retains its ability to convey its historic
significanceandremainseligibleforlistingintheCaliforniaRegister.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐33 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Williams Hall
WilliamsHallappearstobesignificantunderCaliforniaRegisterCriterion1foritsassociationwith
the social events and gatherings held at Barlow Hospital during the period of significance. As
previouslystated,WilliamsHallhasnotbeensignificantlyalteredsincetheperiodofsignificance.It
hasretainedintegrityoflocation,design,workmanship,materials,feeling,setting,andassociation,
andassuch,appearseligibleforlistingintheCaliforniaRegister.
Birge Hall
Birge Hall appears to be individually significant under California Register Criterion 3 as a rare,
intact exampleof a residential building from theearly20th centurybuilt on the siteof amedical
institutiontohousemedicalpersonnel.Aspreviouslystated,despiteminoralterationsanda1946
addition, it retains themajority of its character‐defining features and has not been significantly
altered since the period of significance. It retains integrity of location, design, workmanship,
materials,feeling,setting,andassociation,andassuch,appearseligibleforlistingintheCalifornia
Register.
Library
The Library appears to be individually significant under CaliforniaRegister Criterion 3 as a rare
intactexampleof apatient servicesbuilding fromthe1920sconstructedon thesiteofamedical
institution (i.e., intended specifically to provide a library for recovering patients). The Library
retains themajorityof itscharacter‐defining featuresandhasnotbeensignificantlyalteredsince
theperiodof significance. It retains integrityof location,design,workmanship,materials, feeling,
setting,andassociationandassuch,appearseligibleforlistingintheCaliforniaRegister.
Evaluation of Eligibility as a City of Los Angeles as an Historic‐Cultural Monument
TheBarlowHospitalpropertywasdesignatedasHistoric‐CulturalMonumentNo.504bytheCityof
LosAngelesin1990inrecognitionofitshistoricsignificanceasnotedabove.TheBarlowHospital
Historic District also has retained integrity of location, design, workmanship, materials, feeling,
setting,andassociation.Assuch,itretainsitsabilitytoconveyitshistoricsignificanceandremains
eligibleforlistingasanHistoric‐CulturalMonument.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐34 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Williams Hall
Williams Hall appears tomeet the criteria for a Los Angeles Historic‐Cultural Monument for its
associationwiththesocialeventsandgatheringsheldattheBarlowHospitalduringtheperiodof
significance.Constructedin1909/1910,WilliamsHallisoneoftheearliestoftheBarlowcampus’s
coreadministrative andservicebuildings that remains intact, servingauniqueandan important
function as a social gathering space for the Sanitarium population and members of the larger
community. Williams Hall has not been significantly altered since the period of significance. It
retainsintegrityoflocation,design,workmanship,materials,feeling,setting,andassociation.
Birge Hall
Birge Hall appears tomeet the criteria for a Los Angeles Historic‐Cultural Monument as a rare,
intact exampleof a residential building from theearly20th centurybuilt on the siteof amedical
institution tohousemedicalpersonnel.Despiteminoralterationsanda1946addition,BirgeHall
retainsintegrityoflocation,design,workmanship,materials,feeling,setting,andassociation.
Library
TheLibraryappears tomeet thecriteria foraLosAngelesHistoric‐CulturalMonumentasa rare,
intactexampleof apatient servicesbuilding fromthe1920sconstructedon thesiteofamedical
institution (i.e., intended specifically to provide a library for recovering patients). The Library
retains themajorityof itscharacter‐defining featuresandhasnotbeensignificantlyalteredsince
theperiodof significance. It retains integrityof location,design,workmanship,materials, feeling,
setting,andassociation.
Conclusions Regarding Identification of Historic Resources
The Barlow Hospital Historic District has been determined eligible for listing on the National
Register, is listed on theCaliforniaRegister, is a designatedCity of LosAngelesHistoric‐Cultural
Monument(No.504),andincludesthreebuildings–WilliamsHall,BirgeHall,andtheLibrary–that
arepotentially individually significant.Assuch, theProject sitequalifiesasanhistorical resource
underCEQA.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐35 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
4. IMPACT ANALYSIS
a. Methodology
i. Paleontological Resources
Analysis of potential Project impacts on paleontological resourceswas conductedby theNatural
HistoryMuseumofLosAngelesCountyVertebratePaleontologySectionforinformationregarding
theoccurrencesofvertebrate fossil siteswithinand/ornear theProject site.20Theresultsof the
recordssearchareprovidedinAppendixIV.D.
ii. Archaeological Resources
Analysis of potential Project impacts related to archaeological resources was conducted by the
South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) of the California State University, Fullerton,
Department of Anthropology for the proposedProject.21 A records searchwas conductedby the
SCCICforinformationtodeterminethepotentialfortheoccurrenceofarchaeologicalresourcesat
theProjectsite.TheSCCICreviewednumerousdocumentsforarchaeologicalsiteswithinone‐half‐
mile radius of the Project site within the following databases: California Points of Historical
Interest (PHI), the California Historical Landmarks (CHL), the California Register of Historical
Resources (CR), the National Register of Historic Places (NR), the California State Historic
ResourcesInventory(HRI),andtheCityofLosAngelesHistoric‐CulturalMonuments(LAHCM).The
technical report also sets forthmeasures for identifying and evaluating anypreviously unknown
cultural resources in theProject site andmitigatingdirect and indirect impacts to any resources
thatmaybecausedbyimplementationoftheproposedProject.Thetechnicalreportisprovidedin
AppendixIV.D.
iii. Historical Resources
Analysis of potential Project impacts on historical resources is based on an historic resources
assessmentof theProject sitepreparedbyHistoricResourcesGroup,datedOctober2011.22This
technicalreportisprovidedinAppendixIV.DofthisEIR.Themethodologyemployedinthereport
includes review of previous research, studies and environmental documents, review of existing
20 NaturalHistoryMuseumofLosAngelesCountyVertebratePaleontologySection,SamuelA.McLeod,Ph.D.,September
14,2010.ProvidedinAppendixIV.D.21 SouthCentralCoastalInformationCenteroftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton,DepartmentofAnthropology,
RecordsSearchforBarlowReplacementHospitalandMasterPlan,(2009).(ProvidedinAppendixIV.D)22 Historic Resources Group, Historical Resources Technical Report: Barlow Hospital Replacement
andMasterPlanProject.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐36 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
documentationofBarlowHospitalasanhistoricresource,archivalresearch,fieldobservationsand
evaluation according to applicable criteria of the National Register of Historic Places and the
CaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources.Theanalysisfocusesonexteriorarchitecturalfeatures,
landscape characteristics, public spaces and the spatial organization of the Barlow Hospital
property.
ThetechnicalreportwascompiledusingthebasicformatforCulturalResourceReportsestablished
bytheNationalParkService(NPS).Thisapproachisbaseduponcurrentprofessionalmethodology
standards and procedures developed by the NPS, the California Office of Historic Preservation
(OHP)andstandardpreservationpractice.
b. Significance Thresholds
i. Paleontological Resources
TheCityofLosAngelesCEQAThresholdsGuidestates thedeterminationof significance shouldbe
madeonacasebycasebasis,consideringthefollowingfactors:
Whether,orthedegreetowhich,theprojectmightresultinthepermanentlossof,orlossof
accessto,apaleontologicalresource;and
Whetherthepaleontologicalresourceisofregionalorstatewidesignificance.
AppendixGof theStateCEQAGuidelinesprovides sample checklistquestions foruse inan Initial
Study to determine a project’s potential for environmental impacts. According to the questions
contained in Appendix G under Section V, Cultural Resources, a projectwould have a significant
impactifitwould:
V.c) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique
geologicfeature.
BasedontheCityofLosAngelesCEQAThresholdsGuideandAppendixGoftheStateCEQAGuidelines,
theproposedProjectwouldhaveasignificantimpactonpaleontologicalresourcesif:
PALEO1 The Project would result in the permanent loss of, or loss of access to, a unique
paleontological resource or site of regional or statewide significance, or a unique
geologicfeature.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐37 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
ii. Archaeological Resources
The City of Los Angeles CEQA Thresholds Guide states that a project would normally have a
significant impact on archaeological resources if it could disturb, damage, or degrade an
archaeological resource or its setting that is found to be important under the criteria of CEQA
becauseit:
Isassociatedwithaneventorpersonof recognized importance inCaliforniaorAmerican
prehistoryorofrecognizedscientificimportanceinprehistory;
Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest and useful in
addressingscientificallyconsequentialandreasonablearchaeologicalresearchquestions;
Hasaspecialorparticularquality,suchastheoldest,best,largest,orlastsurvivingexample
ofitskind;
Isatleast100yearsold23andpossessessubstantialstratigraphicintegrity;or
Involvesimportantresearchquestionsthathistoricalresearchhasshowncanbeanswered
onlywitharchaeologicalmethods.
AppendixGof theStateCEQAGuidelinesprovides sample checklistquestions foruse inan Initial
Study to determine a project’s potential for environmental impacts. According to the questions
contained in Appendix G under Section V, Cultural Resources, a projectwould have a significant
impactifitwould:
V.b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource
pursuanttoSection15064.5;or
V.d) Disturbanyhumanremains,includingthoseinterredoutsideofformalcemeteries.
Section21803.2(g)oftheCaliforniaPublicResourcesCode(PRC)alsostatesthatleadagenciesare
requiredtodeterminewhetheraprojectwouldhaveasignificantimpactonuniquearchaeological
resources, defined as artifacts, objects, or sites that can be clearly demonstrated to have a high
probabilityofmeetingthefollowingcriteria:
23 AlthoughtheCEQAcriteriastatethat"importantarchaeologicalresources"arethosewhichareatleast100yearsold,
theCaliforniaRegisterprovidesthatanysitefoundeligiblefornominationtotheNationalRegisterwillautomaticallybeincludedwithintheCaliforniaRegisterandsubjecttoallprotectionsthereof.TheNationalRegisterrequiresthatasiteorstructurebeatleast50yearsold.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐38 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
1. Containsinformationneededtoanswerimportantscientificresearchquestionsandthat
thereisademonstrablepublicinterestinthatinformation.
2. Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best
availableexampleofitstype.
3. Isdirectly associatedwitha scientifically recognized importantprehistoricorhistoric
eventorperson.
ThethresholdsprovidedintheCityofLosAngelesCEQAThresholdsGuideforthedeterminationof
significantarchaeologicalimpactsfullyincorporatethechecklistquestionscontainedinAppendixG
of the State CEQA Guidelines as well as PRC Section 21803.2(g) criteria for defining “unique
archaeological resources” contained in theGuidelines.Therefore,basedon theCityofLosAngeles
CEQA Thresholds Guide, the proposed Project would have a significant impact on archaeological
resources if it coulddisturb, damage, ordegrade an archaeological resourceor its setting that is
foundtobeimportantbecauseit:
ARCH‐1 Is associated with an event or person of recognized importance in California or
Americanprehistoryorofrecognizedscientificimportanceinprehistory;
ARCH‐2 Canprovideinformationwhichisbothofdemonstrablepublicinterestandusefulin
addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable archaeological research
questions;
ARCH‐3 Hasaspecialorparticularquality,suchastheoldest,best,largest,orlastsurviving
exampleofitskind;
ARCH‐4 Isatleast100yearsold24andpossessessubstantialstratigraphicintegrity;or
ARCH‐5 Involves important research questions that historical research has shown can be
answeredonlywitharchaeologicalmethods.
Additionally,basedonAppendixGoftheStateCEQAGuidelines,theproposedProjectwouldhavea
significantimpactonarchaeologicalresourcesif:
24 AlthoughtheStateCEQAGuidelinesstatethat"importantarchaeologicalresources"arethosewhichareatleast100
yearsold, theCaliforniaRegisterprovides thatanysite foundeligible fornomination to theNationalRegisterwillautomaticallybeincludedwithintheCaliforniaRegisterandsubjecttoallprotectionsthereof.TheNationalRegisterrequiresthatasiteorstructurebeatleast50yearsold.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐39 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
ARCH‐6 TheProjectwoulddisturbanyhumanremains, includingthose interredoutsideof
formalcemeteries.
iii. Historical Resources
The City of Los Angeles CEQA Thresholds Guide states that a project would normally have a
significant impactonhistorical resources if itwouldresult inasubstantialadversechange in the
significanceofanhistoricresource.Asubstantialadversechangeinsignificanceoccursiftheproject
involvesthefollowing:
Demolitionofasignificantresource;
Relocationthatdoesnotmaintaintheintegrityandsignificanceofasignificantresource;
Conversion,rehabilitation,oralterationofasignificantresourcewhichdoesnotconformto
theSecretaryoftheInterior'sStandardsforRehabilitationandGuidelinesforRehabilitating
HistoricBuildings;or
Constructionthatreducestheintegrityorsignificanceofimportantresourcesonthesiteor
inthevicinity.
AppendixGof theStateCEQAGuidelinesprovides sample checklistquestions foruse inan Initial
Study to determine a project’s potential for environmental impacts. According to the questions
contained in Appendix G under Section V, Cultural Resources, a projectwould have a significant
impactif:
V.a) TheProjectwouldcauseasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofanhistorical
resourceasdefinedinSection15064.5.
Section15064.5(b)(1)statesthat indeterminingpotential impactsa“substantialadversechange”
means“demolition,destruction,relocation,oralterationsoftheresourcesuchthatthesignificance
of an historical resource would be materially impaired.” The setting of a resource may also
contribute to its significance, as impairment of the setting could affect the significance of that
resource.Materialimpairmentoccurswhenaproject:
Demolishesormateriallyalters inanadversemanner thosephysical characteristicsofan
historicalresourcethatconveyitshistoricalsignificanceandthatjustifyitsinclusionin,or
eligibilityfor,inclusionintheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResources;or
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐40 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Demolishes ormaterially alters in an adversemanner those physical characteristics that
account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to Section
5020.1(k)ofthePublicResourcesCodeoritsidentificationinanhistoricalresourcessurvey
meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the
public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of
evidencethattheresourceisnothistoricallyorculturallysignificant;or
Demolishesormateriallyalters inanadversemanner thosephysical characteristicsofan
historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for
inclusionintheCaliforniaRegisterofHistoricalResourcesasdeterminedbyaleadagency
forpurposesofCEQA.
ThethresholdsusedintheCityofLosAngelesCEQAThresholdsGuideincorporateandgobeyondthe
checklistquestioncontainedinAppendixGoftheStateCEQAGuidelines.Therefore,thisEIRusesthe
thresholdsprovidedintheCityofLosAngelesCEQAThresholdsGuide.Basedonthesethresholds,the
Projectwouldcauseasubstantialadversechangeinsignificanceif:
HIST‐1 TheProjectwouldinvolvedemolitionofasignificantresource;
HIST‐2 The Project would involve relocation that does not maintain the integrity and
significanceofasignificantresource;
HIST‐3 The Projectwould involve conversion, rehabilitation, or alteration of a significant
resourcewhich does not conform to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
RehabilitationandGuidelinesforRehabilitatingHistoricBuildings;or
HIST‐4 TheProjectwouldinvolveconstructionthatreducestheintegrityorsignificanceof
importantresourcesonthesiteorinthevicinity.
c. Project Design Features
AsshowninFigureII‐6,ProposedSitePlaninSectionII,ProjectDescription,theapplicantproposes
tosubdividetheProjectsiteinto15parcelsandseekGeneralPlanAmendmentsandZoneChanges
consistentwithproposedredevelopmentoftheparcels.Theproposedsubdivisionwouldcreatea
proposed Historical Parcel that would encompass the core of the eastern Project site and nine
historicallysignificantbuildingsandlandscapefeatures,andaproposedHospitalParcelthatwould
encompass the replacement hospital, administration and support facility, and skilled nursing
facility.Twelveproposedparcelswouldbedevelopedwithresidentialuses(Parcels1–6and8–13)
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐41 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
and one proposed parcel would be developed with residential plus neighborhood‐serving
commercial uses (Parcel 7). The residential uses on proposed Parcels 1‐12 would be
condominiums;thoseonproposedParcel13wouldbetownhomes.
TheproposedHistoricalParcelwouldbelocatedonanapproximately2.13‐acreparcelnorthofthe
proposedHospitalParcel.Nineofthe32contributingbuildingsintheHistoricDistrictandsomeof
thecontributinglandscapefeatureswouldbepreservedintheircurrent(original) locationwithin
this proposed Historical Parcel. The historic buildings to be retained would remain under the
ownershipofthehospitalandwouldbeadaptedtohouseoffices,cultural,recreational,andother
programs and facilities for use by the hospital community, Project residents, and the Echo Park
community.Buildingstoberetainedwouldtotalapproximately8,220squarefeet,andtheFARin
thisparcelwouldbe0.090.
TheresidentialbuildingsonproposedParcels1‐12wouldbefourstories,or75feet,inheightabove
adjacent grade, including partially subterranean parking podiums. The townhome buildings on
proposedParcel13wouldbethreestories,or35feet, inheightaboveadjacentgrade.Residential
buildingswouldbeconstructed inavarietyofarchitecturalstylesthatreflectandarecompatible
withtheexistinghistoricallysignificantbuildingsontheProjectsiteaswellastheEchoParkand
Silver Lake communities, and could includeCraftsman, SpanishColonialRevival, andMidcentury
Modern styles. The buildings would be connected by walkways, or “paseos”, and staircases to
providehillsideaccessandechothetraditionofsuchstaircasesthroughoutEchoPark.
Contributing landscape elements, including trees and plantings, open areas, gardens, and
pedestrianwalkways,wouldberetainedwithintheproposedHistoricalParcel.Theplantpalettefor
theproposedHistoricalParcelwouldreplicatethevariedmixofplantspecieshistoricallyusedon
thehistoricsite, includingornamentalandnativespecies,shade‐andsun‐tolerantspecies,palms,
andfloweringshrubsandtrees.Totheextentpossible,gradingwouldbeminimizedandtreesand
shrubspreservedinthisparcel.TheoveralllandscapedesignfortheproposedHistoricalParcelis
intendedtoreplicatetheinformal,garden‐likeappearanceoftheoriginalcampus,withmeandering
walkwaysandirregularplantings.Thisareawouldserveasamajoropenspacefeatureatthecenter
oftheeasternProjectsite,preservingsomeoftheexistingviewfromStadiumWayandprovidinga
bufferbetweentheproposedhospitalandproposedresidentialuses.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐42 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
d. Project Impacts
i. Paleontological Resources
PALEO1 Would the Project result in the permanent loss of, or loss of access to, a
uniquepaleontologicalresourceorsiteofregionalorstatewidesignificance,
orauniquegeologicfeature?
Construction
A number of previously recorded fossil sites, some of which have yielded resources that are
considereduniqueand/orofregionalorstatewideimportance,havebeenidentifiedintheProject
vicinitywithin the upperMontereyFormation, a rockunit thatoccurson theProject site. For this
reason, the potential for unrecorded fossil resources to be present within this rock unit on the
Projectsiteisconsideredhigh.
Paleontological resources potentially present on the Project site could be affected by direct and
indirect impacts resulting from earthmoving activities associated with Project construction. The
lossoffossilremains,currentlyunrecordedfossilsites,associatedspecimendataandsitedata,or
fossil‐bearing strata could result from earthmoving activities (e.g., excavation for foundations,
hospital basement, subterranean parking, or other structures, and trenching for pipelines) in
previously undisturbed strata. Earthmoving activities could also bury previously undisturbed
strata,therebyrenderingthestrataandassociatedpaleontologicalresourcesunavailableforfuture
scientificinvestigation.Finally,earthmovingcouldcreateaccesstofreshexposuresofstrataknown
tobearfossilsandincreasethepotentialforunauthorizedfossilcollecting.
Therefore, earthmoving activities within portions of the Project site underlain by the upper
MontereyFormationhavethepotentialtoresultinsignificantimpactsonpaleontologicalresources
by causing the loss of, or lossof access to, resources that areuniqueor of regional or statewide
importance.
Although the Project site exhibits substantial topographic relief, there are no unique geologic
features on‐site that would be removed in the course of construction, and no impacts on such
featuresareanticipated.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐43 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Operation
BecausetherockunitsunderlyingtheProjectsitewouldnotbedisturbedfollowingcompletionof
construction activities, no impacts on paleontological resources are anticipated during Project
operation.
ii. Archaeological Resources
ARCH‐1 Would theproposedprojectdisturb,damage,ordegradeanarchaeological
resource or its setting that is associated with an event or person of
recognizedimportanceinCaliforniaorAmericanprehistoryorofrecognized
scientificimportanceinprehistory?
ARCH‐2 Would theproposedproject disturb, damageordegrade an archaeological
resource or its setting that can provide information which is both of
demonstrable public interest and useful in addressing scientifically
consequentialandreasonablearchaeologicalresearchquestions?
ARCH‐3 Would theproposedprojectdisturb,damage,ordegradeanarchaeological
resource or its setting that has a special or particular quality, such as the
oldest,best,largest,orlastsurvivingexampleofitskin?
ARCH‐4 Would theproposedprojectdisturb,damage,ordegradeanarchaeological
resourceoritssettingthatisatleast100yearsoldandpossessessubstantial
stratigraphicintegrity?
ARCH‐5 Would theproposedprojectdisturb,damage,ordegradeanarchaeological
resource or its setting that involves important research questions that
historical research has shown can be answered only with archaeological
methods?
ARCH‐6 Would the Project would disturb any human remains, including those
interredoutsideofformalcemeteries?
Construction
Asdiscussedabove,noknownarchaeologicalresourcesarelocatedwithintheProjectsiteorwithin
ahalf‐mileoftheProjectsite.However,implementationoftheproposedProjecthasthepotentialto
disturb,damage,ordegradeimportantarchaeologicalresourcesortheirsettingsasdefinedinthe
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐44 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
significance thresholds above during the course of construction‐related earthmoving and
excavation activities. Therefore, Project construction could have a significant impact on
archaeologicalresources.
The potential for earthmoving and excavation activities to uncover prehistoric resources and
associated Native American human remains is considered low on the Project site. However, the
presence of such resources cannot be ruled out. Construction‐related disturbance of human
remainswouldbeapotentiallysignificantimpact.
Operation
OperationsfollowingproposedProjectbuildoutwouldnotnormallyrequiregrading,excavation,or
other ground‐disturbing activities. Routine maintenance activities, such as replacement of
underground pipes requiring ground disturbing activities, could have a potentially significant
impactonarchaeologicalresourcesortheirsettings.
iii. Historical Resources
HIST‐1 WouldtheProjectinvolvedemolitionofasignificantresource?
TheProjectwouldretainatotalof11contributingbuildings,includingninebuildingsontheeastern
Project site within the proposed 2.13‐acre Historical Parcel and two buildings on the western
ProjectsitewithinproposedParcel13.Contributingbuildingstoberetainedwithintheproposed
Historical Parcel include buildings #3 (Williams Hall, which also appears to be individually
significant), #4 (the Library,which also appears to be individually significant), and#14 through
#20, which total approximately 8,220 square feet. Outside the proposed Historical Parcel,
contributing building #37 and #38 on the western Project site would be retained, in proposed
Parcel13.Table IV.D‐4,ProposedRetentionorDemolitionofContributingBuildings totheBarlow
HospitalHistoricDistrict,liststhe32contributingbuildingsontheProjectsiteandindicateswhich
wouldberetainedordemolished.
Atotalof28buildingswouldbedemolished,including21contributingbuildings,or66percentof
allcontributingbuildingstotheHistoricDistrict.Contributingbuildingstobedemolishedinclude
alloftheworkerhousingandmaintenancebuildingsaswellas13patientcottages.Thebuildingsto
bedemolishedincludeBirgeHall,whichappearstobeindividuallysignificantaccordingtoNational
Register, California Register, and City of Los Angeles Historic‐Cultural Monument criteria, in
additiontobeingacontributortotheHistoricDistrict.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐45 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Table IV.D‐4
Proposed Retention or Demolition of Contributing Buildings to the Barlow Hospital Historic District
BuildingNumber BuildingName RetainorDemolish?Administration
2A Administration DemolishPatientServices
3 WilliamsHall Retain4 Library Retain
ProfessionalandWorkerHousing 5 HelpBuilding(GuildHouse) Demolish7 BirgeHall Demolish8 Physician'sResidence Demolish9 BosworthHall Demolish23 GardeningShed Demolish25 PaintLocker Demolish37 Doctor'sCottage Retain38 MedicalDirector'sResidence Retain
PatientHousing 11 ElizabethG.BonfilioMemorialCottage Demolish12 St.BernardinoCottage Demolish13 LyonsMemorialCottage Demolish14 BeemanMemorialCottage Retain15 Slauson&MacNeilMemorialCottage Retain16 MilbankCottage Retain17 RedCrossI I Retain18 RedCrossI Retain19 RedCrossI I I Retain20 RedCrossVI Retain29 BigRedCross Demolish30 StevensCottage Demolish31 HCR Demolish32 AllenCottage Demolish33 ThornCottage Demolish34 ShrineCottage Demolish35 MorrisonCottage Demolish36 EshmanCottage Demolish
Maintenance 6 LaundryBuilding Demolish26 MaintenanceShop"ElBaño" Demolish28 Warehouse Demolish
_____________Source: Historic Resources Group, Historical Resources Technical Report: Barlow Hospital Replacement andMaster Plan Project,October2011.
The eligibleHistoricDistrict also contains contributing landscape features.TheproposedProject
would retain some of these features within the proposed Historical Parcel, including paved
sidewalksandstairwaysthatprovideaccesstothepatientcottages,aswellassmallplantedareas
surroundingthecottages,andwouldretainaportionoftheopenhillsidesonthewesternProject
site, which are considered a contributing feature to the Historic District. However, the Project
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐46 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
woulddevelopthemajorityof thehillsidesonthewesternProjectsite,andallothercontributing
landscape features across the Project site would be demolished, including hillside areas on the
easternProject siteand theconfigurationofsidewalks, stairways,andplantedareassurrounding
cottages#29through#36onthewesternProjectsite.
As stated above, Section 15064.5(b)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines states that a substantial adverse
change in the significance of an historic resource is defined as the demolition, destruction,
relocation,oralternationoftheresourceoritsimmediatesurroundings,suchthatthesignificance
ofthehistoricresourcewouldbemateriallyimpaired.Theproposeddemolitionof21contributing
buildings would constitute removal of 66 percent of the contributing buildings to the Historic
District, including all of the worker housing and maintenance building types. The majority of
contributing landscape features would also be removed. In addition to the loss of contributing
resources, theproposedProjectwouldsignificantlyalter theBarlowHospital’shistoricdesignby
eliminatingallcontributingresourcesonthewestsideofStadiumWay.
Theproposeddemolitionofcontributingbuildingsandlandscapefeatures,togetherwithalteration
ofthehistoricsettingandoveralldesign,meantheHistoricDistrictwouldnolongerretainintegrity
of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling or association. Consequently, the
Historic Districtwould no longer be eligible for listing in theNational Register or the California
Register or constitute an intact City Historic‐Cultural Monument. Therefore, Project–related
demolitionwouldhaveasignificantimpactonhistoricresources.
HIST‐2 WouldtheProjectinvolverelocationthatdoesnotmaintaintheintegrityand
significanceofasignificantresource?
Project implementationwoulddemolish themajorityof thecontributingbuildingsand landscape
featuresthatcomprisetheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrict,suchthattheHistoricDistrictwouldno
longerbeeligiblefortheNationalRegister,listedontheCaliforniaRegister,orconstituteanintact
CityHistoric‐CulturalMonument.AsstatedaboveunderHIST‐1,whileBarlowHospitalasawhole
constitutesanHistoricDistrict,nobuildingsqualifyindividuallyashistoricalresources.TheProject
would preserve nine contributing buildings to the Historic Districtwithin the proposedHistoric
Parcel on the eastern Project site, and no relocation of any buildings or landscape features is
proposedwithin theProject siteor tooff‐site locations.Therefore,no impactwouldoccurunder
SignificanceThresholdHIST‐2.
HIST‐3 Would the Project involve conversion, rehabilitation, or alteration of a
significantresourcewhichdoesnotconformtotheSecretaryoftheInterior's
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐47 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic
Buildings?
As discussed above under Significance Threshold HIST‐1, the proposed Project would retain 9
contributingbuildings(includingWilliamsHall,oneofthreebuildingsthatappeartobeindividually
significant) and some of the original landscape on the eastern Project site within the proposed
Historical Parcel. Outside the proposed Historical Parcel, two contributing buildings would be
retainedonthewesternProjectsite.Adaptivereuseofthebuildingsandlandscapefeaturestobe
retainedwithintheproposedHistoricalParcelisproposed.However,theProjectisintendedtobe
implementedovera10‐yearperiodandspecificusesforcontributingbuildingstoberetainedhave
notyetbeendetermined.
Whilethecollectionofresourcesthatareproposedtoberetainedwouldhaveinterpretivevaluein
theunderstandingofBarlowHospital'shistoryand thehistoryof early20th century tuberculosis
sanatoriums in California, Project implementation would demolish the majority of contributing
resources to the Historic District and the Historic District would no longer be eligible for the
NationalRegisterortheCaliforniaRegister,mitigationwouldnotreduceimpactstolevelsthatare
lessthansignificant.
HIST‐4 Would the Project involve construction that reduces the integrity or
significanceofimportantresourcesonthesiteorinthevicinity?
As discussed above under Significance Threshold HIST‐1, the demolition of 66 percent of the
buildings and the majority of the landscape elements determined to contribute to the Historic
Districtwouldresult insignificantimpactstotheHistoricDistrictsuchthatitwouldnolongerbe
eligibleforlistingintheNationalRegisterortheCaliforniaRegister.
TheProjectisintendedtobeimplementedovera10‐yearperiodandtheexactsitingofallproposed
buildings has not yet been determined. The location of the proposed replacement hospital,
administration and support building, and skilled nursing facility are relatively well defined, but
theirdesignremainsconceptual,andtheproposedresidentialandcommercialprojectcomponents
aredefinedonlywithrespecttogenerallocation,buildingfootprint,andmaximumbuildingheight,
asdiscussedinSectionII,ProjectDescription.
Dependingontheproximityofproposedbuildingsandotherfeaturestoexistingbuildings,Project
construction could result in potential impacts on the structural integrity of the historically
significantbuildingsandlandscapefeaturestoberetainedwithintheproposedHistoricParceland
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐48 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
on the western Project site in proposed Parcel 13, as the result of excavation, earthmoving
activities,andpossiblesettlementduetotheremovalofadjacentsoil.
Moreover, Barlow Hospital’s historic setting, including that of the contributing buildings and
landscapefeaturestoberetainedwithintheproposedHistoricalParcelontheeasternProjectsite,
wouldbesubstantiallyalteredby thedensityandscaleof theproposednewdevelopment,which
considerablyintensifiesdevelopmenton‐siteoverexistingconditions.Theexistinghistoricsetting
ischaracterizedbymodestone‐andtwo‐storybuildingsscatteredacrosstheProjectsiteinalow‐
densityconfigurationandsurroundedbyopenspace. Incontrast, theproposednewdevelopment
wouldconsistofhigh‐densitybuildingsuptofourstoriesand75feetinheight,notwithstandingthe
proposeduse of architectural styles and features for these buildings that reflect existinghistoric
architecturalstylesthroughoutEchoParkandareintendedtocomplementhistoricbuildingstobe
retained on the Project site. Proposed development would occupy existing open space areas
betweenexistingbuildings,aswellaslargeportionsoftheopenhillsidesonbothsidesofStadium
Way.The remaininghistoricbuildingswouldbe surroundedon three sidesbya configurationof
higher‐densitybuildingsandwouldnolongerreadasavillage‐likegroupinginanopenvalley.
Therefore, Project developmentwould result in a significant, unavoidable impactwith respect to
theintegrityandsignificanceofhistoricallysignificantresourcesontheProjectsite.
e. Mitigation Measures
i. Paleontological Resources
The following mitigation measures are required to reduce Project impacts on paleontological
resourcestolessthansignificantlevels.
MM‐PALEO‐1 Retention of Paleontologist. Prior to the initiation of construction‐related
earthmoving activities or excavation at depths of 5 feet below the surface, the
servicesofaqualifiedpaleontologicalconsultingfirmapprovedbytheCityandthe
Natural HistoryMuseum of Los Angeles County, Vertebrate Paleontology Section,
shallberetainedandconsulted.Usingfieldobservations,borelogs,geologicreports,
and construction plans, a paleontologist shall determine when and where any
monitoringofearthmovingactivitieswillberequired.
MM‐PALEO‐2 PreconstructionCoordinationandAwarenessTraining. Ifmonitoringisrequired,a
qualified paleontologist shall coordinatewith appropriate construction contractor
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐49 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
personnel to provide information concerning the recognition and protection of
paleontological resources. Contractor personnel, particularly heavy equipment
operators,shallalsobebriefedonprocedurestobefollowedintheeventthatfossil
remains are encountered during earthmoving activities in the absence of a
paleontologicalmonitor.Newcontractorpersonnelshallbebriefedasnecessary.
MM‐PALEO‐3 PaleontologicalMonitoring andFossil Specimen and SampleRecovery.Asneeded,
monitoring shall consist of visually inspecting debris piles and freshly exposed
strata to allow for the discovery and recovery of larger fossil remains, and
periodicallydrytestscreeningrock,sediment,anddebristoallowforthediscovery
and recovery of smaller fossil remains. As soon as practicable, the monitor shall
recoveranylargervertebratefossilremains,arepresentativesampleofinvertebrate
orplant fossilspecimens,oranyfossiliferousrockorsedimentsamplethatcanbe
recoveredeasily.
If recovery of a large or unusually productive fossil occurrence is warranted,
earthmoving activities shall be diverted temporarily around the fossil site and
resourcesshallbe recoveredasquicklyaspossible. Ifapaleontologicalmonitor is
noton‐sitewhenafossiloccurrenceisuncoveredduringconstruction,construction
activitiesshallbedivertedtemporarilyaroundthefossilsiteandthemonitorcalled
to the site to evaluate any finds. The location and proper geologic context of any
recoveredfossiloccurrenceorrockorsedimentsampleshallbedocumented.
Ifthepaleontologicalmonitordeterminesthatthefossilsiteisnotproductiveorthe
fossil remains not worthy of recovery, earthmoving activities shall be allowed to
proceedthroughthesiteimmediately.
MM‐PALEO‐4 Specimen Treatment and Disposition. All fossil specimens recovered from the
Projectsiteinthecourseofthismitigationshallbetreated(i.e.,prepared,identified,
curated, catalogued) in accordance with designated museum repository
requirements.
MM‐PALEO‐5 Reporting. The paleontological monitor shall maintain daily monitoring logs that
state the particular tasks accomplished, the earthmoving activity monitored, the
location where monitoring was conducted, rock unit(s) encountered, fossil
specimensrecovered,andassociatedspecimendataandcorrespondinggeologicand
geographic site data. A final technical report of results and findings shall be
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐50 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
preparedbythepaleontologistinaccordancewithapplicableCityrequirementsand
archivedatthenaturalHistoryMuseum.
ii. Archaeological Resources
Archaeological Resources
MitigationmeasuresMM‐ARCH‐1andMM‐ARCH‐2arerequiredtoreduceProject impactsunder
significancethresholdsARCH‐1throughARCH‐5tolessthansignificantlevels.
MM‐ARCH‐1 Retention of Archaeologist and Preconstruction Coordination and Awareness
Training. Prior to the initiation of construction‐related earthmoving activities or
excavation at depths of 5 feet below the surface, the services of a qualified
archaeologistconsultingfirmapprovedbytheCityshallberetainedandconsulted.
The archaeologist shall coordinate with appropriate construction contractor
personnel to provide information concerning the recognition and protection of
archaeological resources. Contractor personnel, particularly heavy equipment
operators, shall also be briefed on procedures to be followed in the event that
archaeological resources are encountered during earthmoving activities. New
contractorpersonnelshallbebriefedasnecessary.
MM‐ARCH‐2 ResourceEvaluation andTreatment. If archaeological resources areuncoveredon
the project site during excavation, the developer shall notify the Los Angeles
DepartmentofBuildingandSafety immediatelyandworkshall stopwithina100‐
foot radius until a qualified archaeologist has evaluated the find. Construction
activitymaycontinueunimpededonotherportionsoftheprojectsite.Ifthefindis
determinedbythequalifiedarchaeologisttobeauniquearchaeologicalresource,as
definedbySection21083.2ofthePublicResourcesCode,thesiteshallbetreatedin
accordancewiththeprovisionsofSection21083.2ofthePublicResourcesCode.If
thefindisdeterminednottobeauniquearchaeologicalresource,nofurtheraction
isnecessaryandconstructionmaycontinue.
Human Remains
ThefollowingmitigationmeasureisrequiredtoreducepotentialProjectimpactsundersignificance
thresholdARCH‐6toalessthansignificantlevel.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐51 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
MM‐ARCH‐3 If during excavation of the project site human remains are discovered, the steps
describedintheStateCEQAGuidelinesSection15064.5(e)shallbefollowed.
(1) Thereshallbenofurtherexcavationordisturbanceofthesiteorany
nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent human
remainsuntil:
(A) The coroner of the County in which the remains are
discovered must be contacted to determine that no
investigationofthecauseofdeathisrequired,and
(B) IfthecoronerdeterminestheremainstobeNativeAmerican:
1. The coroner shall contact the Native American
HeritageCommissionwithin24hours.
2. The Native American Heritage Commission shall
identify the person or persons it believes to be the
most likely descended from the deceased Native
American.
3. The most likely descendent may make
recommendations to the landowner or the person
responsible for the excavation work, for means of
treatingordisposingof,withappropriatedignity,the
human remains and any associated grave goods as
provided in Public Resources Code Section 5097.98,
or
(2) Where the following conditions occur, the landowner or his
authorized representative shall rebury theNativeAmericanhuman
remainsandassociatedgravegoodswithappropriatedignityonthe
propertyinalocationnotsubjecttofurthersubsurfacedisturbance.
(A) The Native American Heritage Commission is unable to
identify a most likely descendent or the most likely
descendent failed to make a recommendation within 24
hoursafterbeingnotifiedbythecommission.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐52 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
(B) The descendant identified fails tomake a recommendation;
or
(C) The landowner or his authorized representative rejects the
recommendationofthedescendant,andthemediationbythe
Native American Heritage Commission fails to provide
measuresacceptabletothelandowner.
iii. Historical Resources
The followingmitigationmeasures are proposed to ensure adequate recordation of the Historic
District prior to Project construction, and to enhance the interpretation of, and to protect, those
elementsoftheHistoricDistrictthatwouldremainafternewconstruction.Themitigationmeasures
would reduce Project impacts on theHistoric District to themaximum extent feasible; however,
implementation of these mitigation measures would not reduce impacts to less than significant
levels.
MM‐HIST‐1 The applicant shall retain a qualified architectural historian to prepare a Historic
Structures Report prior to any alteration, relocation or demolition of any
contributingbuilding,structure,orsite.Thereportshalldocumentthesignificance
and physical condition of all contributing buildings, structures, and sites with
photographs,text,andexistingdrawings.Thisdocumentationshallinclude:
A brief written historic and descriptive report completed in narrative format,
includinganarchitecturaldataformforeachcontributingbuilding.
Asiteplanshowingthe locationofeachbuilding.Thissiteplanshall includea
photokey.
Asketchfloorplanshallaccompanyeacharchitecturaldataform.
Large format (4" x 5" negative or larger) photographs in accordance with
Historic American Buildings Survey (NABS) guidelines. Views shall include
contextual views, all exterior elevations, detailed views of significant exterior
architectural features, and interior views of significant historical architectural
featuresorspaces(ifany).
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐53 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
Fieldphotographs(35mm)basedonHABSguidelines.Viewsshouldcorrespond
tothoseinthelargeformatphotographs.
Availablehistoricphotographsandhistoricorcurrentplans.
MM‐HIST‐2 One original copy of the Historic Structures Report as specified in mitigation
measureMM‐HIST‐1shallbeassembledandofferedtoeachofthefollowing:
OnesetshallbesenttotheSouthernCaliforniaInformationCenteratCalifornia
StateUniversity,Fullerton.
Onesetshallbeofferedtoand,ifaccepted,depositedinthearchivesoftheLos
AngelesConservancy.
One set shall be offered to and, if accepted, deposited in the archives of the
UniversityofSouthernCalifornia.
Onesetshallbeofferedtoand,ifaccepted,depositedinthearchivesoftheCity
ofLosAngelesOfficeofHistoricResources.
Onesetshallbeofferedtoand, ifaccepted,deposited in theCentralLibraryof
theLosAngelesPublicLibrary.
MM‐HIST‐3 AllcontributingresourcestotheHistoricDistricttoberetained,includingbuildings,
structures,andlandscapefeatures,shallbestabilizedaccordingtotheguidelinesset
forth in Preservation Brief #31: Mothballing Historic Buildings provided by the
NationalParkServiceunlesstheresourceiscurrentlyinuseandbeingmaintained.
Thisprocessshall includestructuralstabilizationoftheresource,exterminationor
controlofpests,protectionoftheexteriorfrommoisturepenetration,securingthe
resourcefromvandalism,adequateventilationoftheinterior,securingutilitiesand
mechanicalsystems,anddevelopmentofamaintenanceandmonitoringplan.
PriortotheirreuseaspartoftheplannedProject,allcontributingresourcestothe
Historic District to be retained shall be rehabilitated in accordance with the
Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (The Standards). The
standardssetforthbasicprinciplesintendedtopreservetheportionsandfeatures
ofthepropertywhichcontributetoitshistoricsignificancewhileallowingforrepair
oralterationwhichmakespossibleanefficientcontemporaryuse.
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐54 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
MM‐HIST‐4 Prior to issuance of a permit for earthmoving or excavation activities that could
affect contributinghistoric resources (buildings, structures, and site features), the
applicantshallsubmitashoringplanto theDepartmentofBuildingandSafety for
reviewandapprovaltoensureprotectionofcontributinghistoricresourcesduring
constructionfromdamageduetoundergroundexcavationandgeneralconstruction
proceduresandtomitigatethepossibilityofsettlementduringorafterconstruction
duetotheremovalofadjacentsoil.
f. Level of Significance After Mitigation
With implementation of mitigation measures MM‐PALEO‐1 through MM‐PALEO‐5 and MM‐
ARCHAEO‐1 through MM‐ARCHAEO‐3, impacts of the proposed Project on paleontological and
archaeological resources, respectively, would be less than significant. Therefore, no unavoidable
significant impact on paleontological and archaeological resources would result from
implementationoftheproposedProject.
Even with implementation of mitigation measures MM‐HIST‐1 through MM‐HIST‐4, however,
Projectimpactsonhistoricalresourceswouldremainsignificantandunavoidable.
g. Cumulative Impacts
i. Paleontological Resources
ThelistofrelatedprojectsidentifiedinSectionIII,GeneralDescriptionofEnvironmentalSetting,in
thisDraftEIRincludespast,present,andprobablefutureprojectsintheProjectvicinity.However,
paleontologicalresourcesandtherockunitswithwhichtheyareassociatedmayoccurelsewherein
theregion.Therefore,theappropriatecontextforevaluatingcumulativeimpactsonpaleontological
resourcesextendsbeyondtheProjectvicinitytootheroccurrencesintheregionofthefossiliferous
rockunitontheProjectsite.
Developmentof therelatedprojectsorprojectselsewhere in theregionmayrequiregradingand
excavation that could potentially affect previously unrecorded unique paleontological resources.
The collective implementation of these projects could contribute to the cumulative loss of
paleontological resources, if these resources were not protected upon discovery. However,
paleontological resources are required to be protected upon discovery under CEQA and Public
ResourcesCodeSection21083.2.WithadherencetoStatelaw,impactsonpaleontologicalresources
would likelybereduced toa less thansignificant level foreachrelatedproject,andtherefore the
potentialforcumulativeimpactsonthoseresourcesisconsideredlessthansignificant.Nofurther
IV.D Cultural Resources
CityofLosAngeles IV.D‐55 BarlowHospitalReplacementandMasterPlanProjectENV2009‐2519‐EIR DraftEIR. April2012
analysis of the proposed Project’s contribution to cumulatively significant impacts on
paleontologicalresourcesisnecessary.
ii. Archaeological Resources
ThelistofrelatedprojectsidentifiedinSectionIII,GeneralDescriptionofEnvironmentalSetting,in
thisDraftEIRincludespast,present,andprobablefutureprojectsintheProjectvicinity.However,
archaeological resources similar to those on the Project sitemay occur elsewhere in the region.
Therefore,theappropriatecontextforconsideringcumulativeimpactsonarchaeologicalresources
extends beyond the Project vicinity to other occurrences of similar archaeological resources.
Developmentof therelatedprojectsorprojectselsewhere in theregionmayrequiregradingand
excavation that could potentially affect previously unrecorded archaeological resources. The
collectiveimplementationoftheseprojectscouldcontributetothecumulativelossofarchaeological
resources,iftheseresourceswerenotprotectedupondiscovery.However,archaeologicalresources
are required to be protected upon discovery under CEQA and Public Resources Code Section
21083.2.WithadherencetoStatelaw,impactsonarchaeologicalresourceswouldlikelybereduced
toa less thansignificant level foreachrelatedproject,and therefore thepotential forcumulative
impactsonthoseresourcesisconsideredlessthansignificant.Nofurtheranalysisoftheproposed
Project’scontributiontocumulativelysignificantimpactsonarchaeologicalresourcesisnecessary.
iii. Historical Resources
Impactsonhistoricalresourcestendtobesite‐specificandaretypicallyassessedonasite‐by‐site
basis.ThehistoricalresourcesontheProjectsiteareuniqueintheregionandnoneoftherelated
projects contain similar resources. Therefore, no cumulatively significant impact on similar
historical resources would occur. While the proposed Project would result in significant and
unavoidableimpactsonhistoricresourcesontheProjectsitethroughdemolitionofthemajorityof
thecontributingresourcestotheBarlowHospitalHistoricDistrict,theProjectwouldnotresultina
considerablecontributiontocumulativelysignificantimpactsonhistoricalresources.