PARTICIPANTS

Prof. V. Akulichev Pacific Oceano logical Institute USSR Academy of Sciences, 7 Radio St. Vladivostok - 32, USSR 690032

P. Alais Universtiy of Paris, Lab Mechanique 2 pI de la Gare de Ceinture Saint Cyr, France 78210

Yoshinao Aoki Hokkaido University N13 W8 Sapporo, Japan

A. Atalar Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey

Prof. Dean Ayers Dept. of Physics and Astronomy CSU 1250 Bellflower Longbeach CA. USA

M. J. Berggren University of Utah Dept. of Bioeng. 2059 MEB

Blvd. 90840

Salt Lake City UT USA 84112

J. Berry Dept. of Engineering Physics TUNS PO Box 1000 Halifax, NS Canada B3J 2X4

Yves H. Berthelot School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA 30332

Didier Billon Thomson Sintra Activites Sous -'Marines Route de Conquet Brest CEDEX France 29601

Heinz Brautigam Bundesamt fur Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung 12 Fernblick Eckernforde FRG 2330

Acad. L. M. Brekhovskikh P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology K.rasikowa 23 Moscow 117218 USSR

Dr. Richard J. Brind Admiralty Research Establishment DF Division Portland Dorset UK DT5 2JS

Richard Brown Arctec Canada Ltd. 311 Legget Drive Kanata, Onto Canada K2K 1Z8

V. A. Bulanov Pacific Oceanologica.l Institute 7 Radio Street Vladivostok USSR 690032

675

Dr. J. A. Burt York University 4700 Keele Street Downsview, Onto Canada M3J 1P3

A. H. Carter AT&T Bell Laboratories Whippany Road Whippany USA 07981

Paul EVerett Chandler Electrical Engineering Un1v. of Calif., Irvine Irvine, CA USA 92717

K. Chandrasekaran Mayo Clinic Biodynamics Research Unit 200 First Street SW Rochester MN USA 55905

P. C. H. Chen UCSB DePt. of ECE., Unlv. of California Santa Barbara, CA USA 93106

Thomas L. Clarke Ocean Acoustics Division/AOML/NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL USA 33149

Dr. R. Cobbold University of Toronto Inst. of Biomedical Engineering Toronto, Onto Canada M5S 1A4

Eugene Colbourne Dept. of Physics and NICOS Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Nfld. Canada AlB 3X7

Dr. H. D. Collins Battelle Northwest P.O. Box 999, Richland Washington USA 99352

John Dalen EIAB-SINTEF GROUP O. S. Bragstad PI 6 Trondheim-NTH Norway N-7034

676

Marcel R. de la Fonteijne OLdelft van Miereveltlaan 9 2612 XE Delft Netherlands

P. N. Denbigh University of Cape Town Dept. of Electrical Engineering Rondebosch 7700 S. Africa

G. Deniau ECAN 83990 Saint-Tropez France

Dr. Larry Deuser Tracor, Inc. 6500 Tracor Lane Austin, TX USA 78725

Terry Deveau Oceanroutes Canada Inc. Suite 330 1496 BedfQrd Highway Bedford, NS Canada B4A 1E5

Jean-Luc Dion University du Quebec C.P. 500 Trois"Rivieres Quebec Canada G9A 5H7

Dr. B. Granz SIEMENS AG Paul-Gossen-Str. 100 Erlangen FRG D-8520

J. F. Greenleaf Mayo Clinic Biodynamics Research Unit 200 First St. SW Rochester MN USA 55905

R. P. Gribble Battelle Northwest PSL Bldg. 3000 Area P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA USA 99352

Prof. D. Guan The Institute of Acoustics Academia Sinica P.O. Box 2712 Beijing China

Thomas E. Hall Battelle NW P.O. Box 999 Richland WA USA 99352

D. J. W. Hardie ARE HM Naval Base Portland, Dorset UK DT5 2JS

Logan E. Hargrove Office of Naval Research Code 1112 Physics Division 800 N Quincy Street Arlington, VA USA 22217

Daniel Hauden LPNO-CNRS 32 Ave. de l'observatoire Besancon France 25000

A. E. Hay Dept. of Physics Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Nfld. Canada ALB 3X7

Robert Hebel Siemens AG Bereich Med. Techn. Dept. STUE 2 Henkestrasse 127 Erlangen FRG 8520

Olivind Heier SIMRAD Subsea A/S Strandpromenaden 50, Box 111 Harten Norway N-3191

Bong Ho Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan USA 48864

Dr. F. Hornack Bundesamt fur Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung Postfach 7360 Koblenz FDR 5400

D. A. Hutchins Department of Physics Queen's University Kingston, ONT Canada K'lL 3N6

M. Ikegami Hokkaido University N-13 ::;-8 Kitaku Sapporo 060 Japan

Junichi Ishii Hitachi Research Laboratory 4026 Kuji-cho, Hitachi-shi Ibaraki-ken Japan 319-12

Samuel Itzikowitz IDF c\o Naval Attache Embassy of Israel 3514 International Dr. NW Washington, DC USA 20008

Jules S. Jaffe Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Bigelow Lab. Massechussetts USA 02543

S. A. Johnson Dept. of Bioeng. University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah USA 84112

Prof. Hugh Jones Dept. of Engineering Physics TUNS, P.O. Box 1000 Halifax, NS Canada B3J 2X4

A. W. D. Jongens University of Cape Town Central Acoustics Lab. 7700 Rondesbosch, S. Africa

Mos Kaveh University of Minnesota Elec~. Eng. Department 123 Church Street SE Minneapolis, MN USA 05455

Eino Keranen Hollming Ltd. Electronics Naulakatu 3 SF-33100 TRE Finland

:3. T. Kim Drexel University Philadelphia, FA USA 19104

John R. Klepper Institute of Applied Physiology and Medicine 701 16th Avenue Seattle, WA. USA 98122

c10hn Kl epsvil';. Seatex A/S P.O. Box 1961 Moholtan Trondheim, Norway N-7001

617

A. Kovac3 Techno Scientific Inc. 205 Champagne Down3view, ONT Canada

H. Koymen Middle Ea3t Technical University Ankara, Turkey 06531

Kurt-Even Kristen3en ELAB/SINTEF Group OS Brag3tad Pl. 6 Tl'ondheim-NTH NOl'way N--7034

B01'is Kukyanov lnst. of Oceanology Krasikova 23 Moscow Krasikova USSR 117218

Dr. Jun--ichi Kuzhibiki Tohoku University Dept. of Electrical Engi.neer ing Sendai 980 Japan

H. W. Kwan Department of Engineering Physics TUNS P.O. Box 1000 Hali.fax, NS Canada B3J 2X4

Hua Lee University of Illinois Dept. of Electrical Eng. 1406 West Green Street Urbana, Illinois USA 81801

Dr. Sidney Leeman Department of Medical Engineering and Physics Dulwich Hospital Ea3t Dulwich Grove London UK SE228PT

Jorma Ll1lebcrg Hollming Ltd. Electronics Box 14 26101 Rauma, Finland

Z. C. Lin UCSB 1704 Andrews Road Arcadi.a, CA USA 91006

Larry Lines Amoco Production Co. P.O. Box 3385 Tulsa, Oklahoma USA 74102

678

James F. Lynch Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Mass. USA 02543

Andrew J. Madry University of Sydney Department of Architectural Science Sydney N.S.W. AU3tralia 2006

Andrew Maidment Ontario Cancer Institute 500 Sherbourne Street Toronto, ONT Canada

D. K. Mak PMRL/EMR 568 Booth Street Ottawa, ONT Canada KIA 0Gl

Dr. -lng Juval Mantel Dr. Mantel & Partners Inninger Stra3se 7a Muenchen 70 Germany D-8000

Jean-P Mattei Con3eille Scientifique 24 rue Jeanne d'Arc F-94160 St. Mande France

Bill McCroskey lmagtech 5475 Parkside Trail Solon, Ohio USA 44139

Bruce McDermott Duke University Biomedical Engineering Department Durham, NC USA 27705

James I. Mehi University of Toronto lnst. of Biomedical Eng. Toronto, Ontario Canada H5S lA4

Jinsheng Meng The Institute of Acou3tics Academia Siniea Beijing, China

Michael Moles Ontario Hydro Research 800 Kipling Avenu.e Toronto, Ontario Canada

R. K. Mueller Department of Electrical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN USA 55455

Ole E. Naess Forus Postboks 300 Stavenger, Norway N-4001

Peter Nauth Ges. Z. Ford, d. Forschung a.d. DKD Aukammallee 33, Wiesbaden Germany D-6200

Andre Johann Nepgen NIMH CSIR P.O. Box 395 Pretoria 001 S. Africa

Ed Nyland University of Alberta Dept. of Physics Edmonton, Alta. Canada

Shigeo Ohtsuki Tokyo Institute of Tech. Midori-ku Nagasuta 4259 Yokohama 227 Japan

M. G. Oravecz Sonoscan, Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL USA 60106

Bruce H. Pasewark Naval Research Lab. Code 5161 Washington DC USA 20375

John Powers US Naval Postgraduate School ECE Dept., Code 62 Monterey CA USA 93943

David D. Prentiss Nova Scotia Research Foundation 100 Fenwick Street Dartmouth, NS Canada

G. Prokoph Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauershc 9 , Erlangen Germany D-8520

Dr. Bernard Querleux L'Oreal Boite Postale No. 22 Aulnay-sous-boix France 93601

B. Richard Lab de Eiophysique Faculte Cochin 26 rue de Faubourg Saint-Jacques Paris cedex 16 France F-75674

John M. Richal'dzon Rockwell International Science Centre 1049 Camino Dos Rios P.O. Box Hj85 Thousand Oaks CA USA 91360

Claude Royer University of TorontO 4 Taddle Creek Toronto, Ontario Canada 1.155 1A4

Thomas D. Sachs University of Vermont Physics Department Burlington, VT USA 05405

Toshio Sannomiya Tohoku University Aramaki Aza Aoba Sendai, Japan 980

Volker Sattler Bundesamt fur Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung Postfach 7360 Koblenz FDR 5400

A . S . Schaaf.zma Delft Hydraulics Lab. P.O. Box 177 2600 MH Delft Netherland:;;

Mark Schafer Drexel University Biomedical Engineering Philadelphia, PA USA 19104

Prof. E. C. Shang Institute of Acoustics Academia Sinica P.O. Box 2712 Beijing, China

679

J1nyu Sheng Department of Physics Memorial University of NeHfoundland St. John';3, NFLD Canada AlB 3X7

H1ro:3h1 Shimizu Faculty of Engineer~ng Tohoku University. Aramaki ·-Aza-Aoba Sendai 980, Japan

S. Singh CBME. I.I.T. Delhi Centre for Biomedical Engineering Indian Inst. of Tech. Delhi. India 110016

Paolo Sirotti University of Via A Valerio Trieste, Italy

Trieste 10

34127

Richard Soldner Siemens AG Henkesir 127 852 Erlangen, Germany

Nils Sponheim Centre for Industrial Res. P.O. Box 350, Blindern Oslo 3, Norway 0314

Dr. Anrzej Stepnowski Technical Univer!:iity of Gdansk Institute of Telecommunications Gdansk, Poland 80-952

Veijo Suorsa University of Oulu Department of Electrical Engineering Oulo·SF-90570, Finland

Thomas Szabo Hewlett Packard 3000 Minuteman Road Andover, MA USA 01810

M. Talmant GPS University Paris 7-Tour 23 GPS Tour 23, 2 Place Jussieu Paris, cedex 05, France 75251

680

Tat-Jin Teo Drexel University Biomedical Engineering Philadelphia, PA USA 19104

Robert Ting US Naval Research Lab. Underwater Acoustics P.O. Box 8337 Orlando, FL USA 32856

Je~n Claude Tricot l.V.N. BF 48 Villeneuve d'AscCJ. CEDEX France 59651

W. H. van den Berg Shell Research B.V. Badhuisweg 3, 1031 eM funsterdam, NetherlandG

C. J. M. Van Ruiten Institute of Applied Physics INO P.O. Box 144 2600 AD Delft, Netherlands

A. G. Voronovich F.O. Shirsov Institute of Oceanology Krasil{owa 23 Moscow, USSR 117218

D. Vray INSA de Lyon 20 Avenue A Einstein Villeurbanne, France 69621

Robert Waag RIll. 340, Hopeman Hall University of Rochester Rochester, NY USA 14627

Prof. G. Wade Electrical Engineering Department University of California Santa Barbara, CA USA 93106

J. M. Wagner E.C.A.N. St. Tropez, France 83990

Jill A. Wollins Mayo Clinic Biodynamics Res. Unit 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN USA 55905

T. Yamamoto Hokkaido Univerzity N-13, W-8, Kitaku Sapporo 060, Japan

Mykola Yaremko Riverside Research lnst. 330 West 42nd Street New York, NY USA 10036

Eric Yeatman Department of Engineering Physics TUNS P.O. Box 1000 Halifax, NS B3J 2X4

Wei Yu Nanjing Institute of Tech. Dept. of Biomedical Eng. Jiangsu Province, China

Manell Zakhari.a Iep! Lab de Traitement du Signal 25 rue de Plat Lyon CEDEX 02, France 69288

De-Jun Zhang Wuhan Institute of PhysiCS Academia Sinica P.O. Box 241 Wuhan, Hubel, China

Renhe Zhang Institute of Acoustics 5 Zhongguancun Street Beijing, China

Prof. Yu Yu Zhi tkovslty P.P~ Shirsov Institute

. of Oceanology Krasikowa 23 Moscow, USSR 117218

681

AUTHOR INDEX

Abbot, J.G., 486 Achenbach, J.D., 277 Addison, R.C., 251 Ahmed, M., 557, 568 Alais, P., 239 Alasaarela, Esko, 159, 167 Aldridge, E.E., 26 Alders, G.A., 157 Anderson, A.H., 381 Andrews, H.C., 469 Aoki, Y., 35, 568, 658 Arditi, M., 536 Arenson, J.W., 308 Ash, E.A., 429, 441 Atalar, Abdullah, 279, 288, 289,

410, 431 Auld, B.A., 582 Axel, L., 317 Azimi, M., 108

Baltes, H.P., 583 Barbian, OA., 277 Bardouillet, P., 251 Bartelt, H., 54 Bartum, R.J. Jr., 77 Baumann, T., 428 Beaver, W.L., 486 Beissner, R.E., 157 Benchimol, A., 212 Bennet, S., 250 Berggren, M.J., 193, '201, 359, 369 Berkhout, A.J., 277, 330 Berktay, H.O., 598 Berry, J., 79 Bertoni, H.L., 288 Birnholz, J.C., 521 Bly, S.H.P., 108 Bojarski, N.N., 108, 518 Bording, R.P., 600 Born, M., 89 Boyer, A.L., 673 Bracewell, R.N., 266 Brandestini, M., 212 Brekhovskikh, L.M., 289, 582 Brenden, B.B., 568 Brettel, H., 225

Brooks, R.C., 330 Brown, P.M., 308 Brown, W., 598 Burckhardt, C.B., 78, 486 Burckhardt, D.B., 357 Burden, R.L., 369 Busse, G., 428 Busse, L.J., 266

Carruth, B.L., 193 Carson, P.L., 26 Castleman, K.R., 469 Chandler, P.E., 34 Chandler, Paul, 109 Chandrasekaran, K., 309 Cheeke, J.D.N., 403 Chen, Paul C., 319, 330 Childers, D.G., 583 Chivers, R.C., 89 Christensen, R.M., 582 Chuang Jen-Hui, 55 Chubachi, N., 393, 401 Cichocki, T.E., 603, 613 Claerbotlt, J.F., 600 Clark, A.V. Jr., 568 Cloosterman, M.J., 501 Cobbold, R.S.C., 299, 308 Cohen, R.L., 673 Cole-Beuglet, Catherine, 109 Compani, Tobrizi, B., 108 Cook, J.H., 479 Cox, I.J., 428 Cretin, Bernard, 423, 428 Cuozzo, F.C., 289 Curry, G.R., 307 Cutrona, L.J., 181, 598

Dalland, K., 658 Davis, D.L., 203 Davis, L.S., 469 Del Grosso, V.A., 89 Delannoy, B., 471 Denbigh, P.N., 585 Denis, F., 371 Devaney, A.J., 43, 66, 633, 646 Diebold, B., 212

683

Dietz, D.R., 536 Dion, Jean-luc, 559, 569 Dobbs, E.R., 157 Dobrin, M., 598 Doctor, S.R., 253, 266 Douville, Y., 308 Duck, F., 182 Duerinckx, Andre, 109, 115 Dutkiewixz, M.K., 585

Edmonds, P.D., 145 Engan, H., 536 Entrekin, R., 78 Erdelyi, A., 125 Erkkilla, J.H., 536 Ermert, H., 250, 341, 547, 557 Eschenberg, K.E., 659

Fabian, J., 211 Fazzalari, N.L., 318 Fellingham, L.L., 521 Ferrari, L.A., 34 Ferraro, Richard, 203 Finette, S., 103, 108 Flatte, S.M., 54 Flax, S.W., 115, 486 Fleming, Dennis, 109 Fletcher, R.D., 201 Flutte, S.M., 52 Fonteijne, M.R., 493 Foster, D.R., 486 Frei, W., 469 Frisch, V., 145 Frock, B.G., 461 Fry, W.J., 26

Galloway, R.L., 77 Gan, W.S., 511 Ganapathy, S., 266 Garra, B.S., 115 Geiser, E.A., 318 Gehlbacl~, S.M., 78, 116, 357, 501 Geluk, Ron J., 493 Gelly, J.F., 225 Germain, L •• 403, 410 Ghosh, A., 318 Gibbons, Lawrence, 411 Gilbert, R.W., 253 Gimenez, G., 371 Gonzalez, R.C., 469 Goodman, J.W., 145, 191, 225,

330, 452, 459 Gordon, R., 380, 381 Goss, S .A., 89 Gould, K.L., 212 Graham, W.J., 191 Gramiak, R., 212 Grandchamp, P.A., 212 Granz, B., 167, 213, 225 Green, A.J., 266 Green, P.S., 26, 225

684

Greenleaf, J.F., 26, 309, 318, 380, 381, 509

Greenspan, M., 125 Greguss, P., 26, 569, 658 Grenander, V., 330 Grohs, B., 277 Gupta, H.M., 481 Gustafson, D.E., 26 Guy omor, Daniel, 117, 125, 134

Hall, E.L., 469 Hall, J.E., 469 Hall, T.E., 253 Halte, L., 535 Hamilton, E.L., 598 Hamlin, D.R., 509 Hammond, P., 157 Hance, H.V., 26 Hanstead, P.D., 340 Harris, G.R., 125, 134 Harris, L.D., 318 Hassler, D.A., 357 HastIe, L., 212 Hauden, Daniel, 423 Hayek, S.I., 659 Haykin, S.S., 184 He, P., 115 Hebbert, R.S., 663 Hecht, E., 536 Heiserman, J., 410 Higgins, F.P., 145, 191 Hildebrand, B.P., 509, 569 Hildebrand, J.A., 401 Hiller, D., 43, 357 Ho, B., 291 Hoefs, John, 109 Hoeks, A.P.G., 212 Hoff, A.B.M., 147 Hoffman, Erica A., 309, 318 Homs, M.H., 147 Hoppe, Martin, 431, 441 Hosten, B., 568 Hottier, F., 501 Hudson, J.A., 582 Hunt, J.W., 134 Hunter, Y.A., 479 Hutchins, D.A., 127, 134 Hutchins, L., 108

Ikegami, M., 35 Ishii, Junichi, 169

Jacobs, J.E., 27 Jakowatz, C.V., 27, 380 Jen, C.K., 288 Jen-Hui, Chuang, 52 Jipson, V.B., 288, 441 Johnson, S .A., 193, 201, 359, 369, 381 Johnston, K.W., 299 Jones, H.W., 79 Jones, J.P., 108

Kak, A.C., 380, 583 Kappes, W., 277 Kapustina, O.A., 569 Kasai, C., 212, 307 Kaveh, M., 603 Kay, S.M., 191, 612 Keating, P.N., 658 Kennett, B.L.N., 582 Kessler, L.W., 329, 422, 452 Kessler, R.K., 27 Ketcham, D.J., 469 Kim, J .H., 501 Kim, Sun I., 183 Kim, W.W., 193, 359, 369 Kino, G.S., 167, 182 Kinter, Tom M., 309 Klepper, John R., 203 Knapp, R.W., 479 Kolata, G., 211 Kolb, H.J., 557 Kompfner, R., 410 Korpel, A., 27, 77, 422 Kovacs, A., 503 Koymen, Hayrettin, 279, 288 Kozma, A., 77 Krautkruemer, J., 277 Krimholtz, R., 536 Kr~ning, M., 547 Kubota, Jun, 169, 181 Kuc, R., 115, 116 Kuhn, P.L., 193 Kummer, P., 239 Kushibiki, J., 401

Lalor, E., 459 Landau, L.D., 34 Lange, Y.V., 583 Langenberg, K.J., 557, 583 Langevin, P., 27 Lasher, M., 537 Lasky, M., 27 Lasota, H., 145 Leavitt, S.C., 238 Lee, J., 469 Lee, Hua, 55, 66, 67, 330, 443,

635, 646 Lee, M.H., 238 Leeman, S., 29, 34, 108 Lemons, R.A., 27, 410, 441 Leplat, Y., 479 Lepoutre, F., 428 Lewin, Peter A., 135 Lewis, P.A., 134 Lin, Z.C., 27, 329, 330, 422,

443, 452 Lines, L.R., 599, 600 Littlefield, R.J., 253 Loch, E.G., 91 Lockwood, J.C., 134, 145 Loggins, 598

Luenberger, D., 330 LutoH, R., 238 Lytle, R.J., 381

Macecek, M., 503 Macovski, A., 436 Magnin, P.A., 77, 486 Mair, H.D., 127 Mak, D.K., 331, 503, 509 Mantel, J., 487, 492 Marple, S.L., 191 Marsh, K.A., 47, 54, 537, 615 Martin, J.F., 537 Martin, R.W., 461, 469 Martin, Y., 428 Mastey, P., 108 Matsumoto, K., 501 Matsumoto, M., 318 Maxfield, B.W., 157 Maynard, J.J., 518 McDermott, B.A., 69 McMehan, G.A., 600 McNab, A., 251 Meideros, A.F., 125 Mehi, J.I., 299, 308 Metherell, A.F., 67 Meyer, J.R., 429 Michael, J.A., 405 Mieszkowski, M., 79 Miwa, H., 212 Miyashita, T., 501 Moran, T.J., 469 Moritz, W.E., 318 Morse, P.M., 369, 658 Moshfeghi, M., 340 Mueller, P.K., 27, 330, 369, 383,

392, 452, 658

Nagai, K., 557 Narendra, P.M., 469 Nasca, Rosario, 203 Nauth, P., 91, 101 Newton, R.G., 583 Nguyen, H.G., 167 Nickoonahad, M., 145 Nitadori, K., 182, 658 Nixon, J.V., 318 Nongaillard, B., 283 Nouailhas, B., 238 Nowicki, A., 212

Oberheltinger, F., 125 Oldenbury, Doug, 583 Omoto, R., 212 Ophir, J., 115, 238 Oppelt, R., 213, 225 Oppenheim, A.V., 67, 583 Oravecz, Michael, 411, 443 Oristaglio, M.L., 43

685

Pan, S.X., 330 Papallardo, M., 225 Papoulis, A., 78, 357, 557 Parker, D.L., 486 Parmon, W., 288 Pasteur, J., 569 Paul raj , A., 54 Penttinen, A., 108 Peragallo, J., 479 Perbert, J.N., 569 Pernod, P., 471 Perrin, Jean, 227 Peyrin, F., 371, 381 Pfannensteil, P., 91 Piwakowski, B., 471 Plummer, J.D., 225 Pohlman, R., 27 Pons, F., 239 Power, John, 67, 459 Powers, John, 117, 145, 191 Powis, P.L., 307 Powis, R., 509 Prassad, S.K., 422 Prokoph, G., 547

Quate, C.F., 288, 401, 441, 452

Rader, C.M., 501 Ramm, O.T.V., 486 Readhead, A.C.S., 54 Reid, John M., 135, 183, 307 Reid, L.D., 253 Richard, Bruno, 227, 238 Richardson, J.M., 47, 537, 546,

615 Ritman, E.L., 318 Rivera, G., 537 Rizzato, G., 519, 521 Robb, R.A., 318 Robbins, W.P., 383 Robinson, B.S., 201, 422 Robinson, D.E., 238 Robinson, E.A., 583 Roehrlein, Gehard, 341, 357, Rosencwaig, A., 428, 429 Rosenfeld, A., 469 Roucayrol, J.C., 227 Royer, C., 299 Royer, D., 428 Rudd, E.P., 383, 392 Ruelle, D., 633 Rugar, D., 410 Rylander, R.L., 422

Sankar, P.V., 109 Sannomiya, Toshio, 393 Sasaki, Souji, 169 Sato, J., 167 Sato, T., 181, 598 Sawada, H., 318 Schafer, Mark E., 135, 145

686

557

Schmitz, V., 251, 509 Schomberg, H., 381 Schomberg, M., 381 Schueler, C.F., 340, 459 Seelen, M.V., 91 Seggie, D.A., 501 Selfridge, A.R., 167 Sanker, P.M., 486 Shanker, R., 583 Shattuck, D.P., 486 Simmons, James A., 27 Singh, Satpal, 481 Sirotti, P., 519, 521 Skilling, H.H., 266 Skorton, D.J., 318 Slaney, M., 369 Smith, I.R., 288, 401 Smith, J.M., 251 Smith, S.W., 486 Sokolov, S.J., 27 Sondhi, M.M., 145 Spencer, M.P., 212 Sponheim, Nils, 523, 535, 536 Stamnes, J., 536 Stenger, F., 193, 359 Stephanishen, P.R., 126, 134, 145,

191, 535 Stickels, K.R., 318 Stork, C., 600 Strutt, J.W., 535 Suorsa, Veijo, 159 Sutton, J.L., 658 Switzer, D.F., 307 Szilard, J., 583

Tanabe, K. , 381 Tandon, S.N. , 481 Taouriainen, Antti, Theroux, P. , 212 Thurstone, F .L., 27, Tikhonov, A.N., 582 Tom, V. T., 469 Tracey, M.L., 201 Trahey, G.E. , 78 Tricot, J.C. , 471 Tsao, M.C., 340 Tupholme, G.E. , 126

Ulrych, T.J. , 191 Urick, R.J. , 27, 658

van den Berg, W.H., Van Blaricum, M.E., Van Rooy, D.L., 673 Van Trees, H., 613

159

69, 658

147 613

Venetsanopoulos, A.N. , 469

Waag, R.C., 101 Wade, Glen, 1, 67, 89, 319, 443 Wade, G., 27, 28, 658 Wagner, R.F., 357

Walker, J.T., 238 Wang, H., 613 Wang, Shuo-Zhong, 277 Wei, J.P.N., 658 Wei, Y., 571 Weight, J., 126 Weinstein, D.G., 167 Weyman, A., 212 Whitman, R.L e , 452 Whitmore, N.D e , 599, 606 Wickramasinghe, H.K., 401, 410,

428 Wilcox, C.H., 359 Wild, J.J., 145 Williams, C.C., 428 Williams, E oG., 145, 191, 673

Williams, R., 598 Wollins, Jill A., 309 Wong, C., 583 Wu, L.T., 291

Xia, X., 453

Yamamoto, T., 35, 43 Yoshida, C., 78 Yu, Wei, 267, 277

Zapp, R., 291 Zhang, J.P., 581, 583 Zhang, D., 453, 647 Zhao, X., 267 Zhou, Z.Q., 383

687

SUBJECT INDEX

Absorption, 91, 193 Acoustic burst, 487 Acoustic lens, 302 Acoustic holography, 17, 443, 559 Acoustic microscope, 403 Acoustical inverse scattering, 193 Alok imaging systems, 267 Amplifying analog multiplexer, 216 Angle-dependent filtering, 550 Angle of arrival, 603 Analog pre-processing unit, 552 Angular spectrum method, 135 Anis tropy, 393 Annular array, 523 Annuli, 127 Apodization, 301 Attenuation, 138 Autocorrelation function (ACF), 604 Autocovariance function (ACVF), 343 Autoregressive (AR) modelling, 183 Autoregressive process, 604 Axially symmetric source, 117

Back-projection imaging, 388 Back-propagation, 445, 453 Bats, 2 Beam forming, 255 Bits of precision, 668 Bragg-diffraction imaging, 22 Branch-cut discontinuity, 32 B-scan, 169 Bulk waves, 425

Cardiological applications, 523 Carotid artery, 299 Cascade form, 635 Chirp signals, 35 Circular scanning, 169 Classifier (linear), 101 Coherent summation, 255 Composite materials, 291 Computation simplification, 55 Computer-aided tomography, 16 Complete Sensor Efficient Method

(CSEM), 608 Compressibility, 193

Concave transducers, 396 Concurrent transmitting, 646 Cracks, 331 Cramer-Rao bound, 606 CT: reflection mode, 35

transmission mode, 35 CW spectral analysis, 299

Data acquisition, 668 Data acquisition configuration, 30 Data augmenting, 453 Data reconstruction, 309 Density images, 198 Density fluctuations, 193 Dereverberation, 487 Detection of underground

empty spaces, 471 Diffraction, 117 Diffraction tomographic

algorithm, 413 Diffraction tomography, 29, 443 Digital image correction, 219 Digital image enhancement

techniques, 461 Digital scan converters, 227 Directional acoustic microscope, 393 Directional point-focus-beam, 393 Disc transducers, 127 Dispersion, 138 Dispersive media, 108 Distributed inhomogeneities, 47 Doppler spectrum, 523 Dynamic focussing, 523 Dynamic scans, 512

Echocardiography, 309 Echo image, 523 Echo location calculator, 175 Effective aperture function, 647 Effective beamwidth, 612 Eigenvalue, 320 Elastic reference signals, 393 Elastic waves, 423 Electromagnetic acoustic transducer

(EMAT), 147 Envelope detection, 262

689

Evanescent waves, 137, 663

Fatty infiltrations, 512 (grade 1), 513

Feature vector, 101 Fibrosis, 109, 512

(grade 1), 513 Field profiles, 302 Field propagation, 183 Filtered back projection, 36 Fixed-point method, 360 Flaw identification, 571 Flaw imaging, 307 Flaws, 169 Focal plane detection, 403 Focused decomposition method, 135 Focused surface acoustic waves,

279 Fourier transform, 36, 103, 117,

183, 319, 453 Frequency diversity, 70

Generalized holography (GENHOL), 511 Graphite/epoxy composites, 462 Green's function, 118, 135

Hankel transform, 117 Harmonics, 402 Helmholtz equation, 193, 359 Heterodyne inferometer, 424 High-frequency (HF) impulse

signals, 493 High-speed image reconstruction, 55 Hilbert transform, 253, 270, 549 Histogram equalization, 448 Holographic reconstruction, 448 Horizontal edge enhancement, 464 Human extremities, 222

Image analysis, 312 Image degradation, 319 Image reconstruction, 55, 311, 371,453

(high resolution), 635 Imaging software, 506 Immersion tank, 505 In vitro cardiac imaging, 309 Incident pulses, 571 Inhomogenous media, 135 Insonification, 319, 445 Intensity mapping, 10 Internal defects, 503 Inverse scattering, 195, 359 Inversion procedure, 33

Jacobian matrix, 363 Joint Fourier Transform (JFT), 511

Kirchhoff approximation, 537

Large-scale imaging, 5 Laser probe, 424

690

Laternal resolution, 170, 215, 453 Layered sample, 426 Leaky SAW velocity, 393 Linear array, 239, 299 Linear scans, 512 Linearization, 537 Liver disease (diffuse), 109 Local area histogram equalization,

463

Mean value filter, 463 Microcomputer, 175 Minimum variance, 320 Mirror reflection character, 647 Modal analysis, 117 Modified focussing, 482 Moment method, 361 Moving target indicator (MTI), 205 Hultiple frequencies, 198 Hultiple scattering, 29 Multiple sources projection-

holograms overlapping­images piecing together method, 616, 647

NDE in multilayers, 571 NDT, 169, 239, 267, 423 Nearfield Acoustical Holography

(NAH) , 514, 659 Near-surface flaws, 383 New Fresnel approximation, 188 Newton-Raphson method, 362 Nonlinear transmission imaging, 408 Numerical solutions, 104

Oblique sections, 312 On-axis spatial impulse

response, 526 Optimal incident angles, 320 Optmized transmitted signals, 549

Parabolic cylindrical mirror, 279 Parallel signal processing, 217 Parametric arrays, 586 Parametric modelling, 184 Passive imaging, 653 Phantoms, 91 Phased array, 71 Phase coherent quadrature detection, 411 Phase detector, 206 Phase closure techniques, 47 Phase distortion, 139 Phase imaging, 559 Phased linear array, 300 Phasing, 301 Planar diffraction, 319 Plane piston, 127 Point processes, 615 Polarity, 493 Post-processing, 229 Pressure fields, 127

Prony's method (extended), 604 Propagation transfer function, 118 Proto-acoustic microscopy, 1 Proto-acoustic-optic diffraction

imaging, 9 Proto-holography, 7 Pulse-echos approaches, 12 Pulsed Doppler imaging, 203, 300 Pulsed waves, 117 PVDF, 216 PVDF transducer, 127 PVDF receiver, 159 PZT transmitterr 159

Quadrature detector, 448

Ray-tracing, 371 Real-time, 217 Real-time display, 70 Real-time imaging, 239 Real-time SAFT processor, 263 Real-time SAFT-UT imaging, 253 Receiver matrix, 214 Resconstruction (of flaws), 169

(lateral), 169 Reflection mode CT, 36 Reflection mode images, 198 Refraction, 138

(in ultrasonic tomography), 371 Resolution, 170 Riccati wave equation, 359 Riser pipes (wall thickness), 147

(inspection pig), 147

Scanning acoustic interference microscope (SAIM), 393

Scanning acoustic microscope (ELSAM), 431

Scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM), 319, 383, 411, 443

Scanning tomographic acoustic microscope (STAM), 319, 423

Scattering (co-efficients), 91 (images), 98 (transient), 103

Sequential signal processing, 257 Sequential transmitting, 647 Selective processing, 257 Seismic reflection methods, 471 Sensitivity, 222, 533 Sensor-efficient method (SEM), 605 Shallow reflection surveys, 471 Side-lobes, 173 Sidescan, 591 Signal-processing, 493 Signal restoration, 552 Small-scale imaging, 7 Smoothing, 537 Solid objects in air, 537 Sonar, 5 Spatial compounding, 482 Spatial filtering, 383

Spatial frequency domain, 117 Spatial impulse response, 118 Special texture phantom, 352 Speckle (in B-Scan), 343

(in filtered image), 349 (in summatio~ image), 344

Speckle reduction, 70, 481 Specular reflection, 91 Spectral method, 105 Static liver B-scans, 512 Sub-bottom imaging, 585 Subsurface imaging, 319, 423, 443 Sunken targets, 658 Supercomputer, 105 Surface acoustic waves (SAW), 279 Surface display, 312 Surface-wave imaging, 386 Synchronous demodulation receiver,

411 Synthetic aperture, 170, 243 Synthetic aperture focusing (SAFT),

257 Synthetic aperture sonar, 585

Time compressing, 492 Thermal resolution, 425 Thermal waves, 423 Three-dimensional dynamic imaging,

309 Three-dimensional echo, 316 Three-dimensional imaging, 503 Three-dimensional reconstruction,

316 Three-dimensional scan program, 298 Time-of-flight images, 371 Tissue characterization, 91, 117,

371, 511 Tissue (soft), 103 Tomogram, 319 Tomographic acoustic microscope,

22, 411 Tomography (computerized), 371

(ultrasonic diffraction), 35 (ultrasonic reflection mode), 35,

331, 341 Transducer array, 159 Transfer function, 117 Transient radiators, 127 Transmission acoustic microscope,

403 Transmission images, 222 Transmission mode CT, 36 Transversal waves, 241 Two-dimensional echo sector, 309 Two-dimensional interpolation, 231 Two-dimensional flow-chart map, 513

Ultrasonic C-scan, 461 Ultrasonic defect visualization, 503 Ultrasonic diffraction tomography

(UDT), 35

691

Ultrasonic holographic imaging, 159 Ultrasonic micro-spectroscopy (UMS),

393 Ultrasonic NDE, 462 Ultrasonic tomography (refraction

in), 371 Ultrasonic transmission camera, 213 Ultrasonic reflection tomography,

331 Ultrasound computerized reflection

mode tomography (UCTR), 341 Underwater acoustical holographic

imaging, 647 Underwater scanner, 665

692

Variable gain filter, 463 Variable phase shifter, 394 Velocity intensity,. 664 Velocity vector, 664

Wideband chirp compression,. 35

X-Ray CT system, 35

Yule-Walker equations (extended), 604

Zero-crossings technique, 109