JACKSON COUNTYCHRONICLES

VOIIIME12, IIIIMIIEIII ISM-10114340 IIIIIIIIIIIY2000

IIIIIIISOII00IIIITY IIISTOIIIOIIISSO0IIII'IOIIWlllMEETSIIIIIIIIY.IIIIIIIIIIIY23,2000.2 :30 p m , Stevenson D e p o t Museum, Stevenson, A labama .Prog ra m V i c e Pre s i d e n t P a t t y W o o d a l l i n v i t e s a l l m e m b e r s a n d t h e i rg u e s t s t o c o m e p r e p a r e d t o e n j o y t h e m u s e u m e x h i b i t s w h i c h p o r t r a ym a n y f a c e t s o f J a c k s o n C o u n t y ’ s h i s t o r y a n d t o e x p e r i e n c e t h e a g e - o l dh o s p i t a l i t y o f S tevenson .

2000 J C H A A N N U A L DUESN O W PAYABLE2000 Association dues are now due and payable. M a i l y o u r c h e c k in the amount of .$l0.00 to Treasurer Mary Ann Parsons, PO. Box I494, Scottsboro, AL 35768, to assure receipt ofall quarterly issues of THE JACKSON COUNTY CHRONICLES. I n c l u d e n i n e n u m b e rz ip code.

JACKSON COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONPOST OFFICE BOX I 4 9 4 U.S. POSTAGE PAIDSCOTTSBORO, AL 35768 PERMIT NO. ll

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

JACKSON COUNTY, THE SWITZERLAND OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA

ANCESTOR SEARCHING INJ A C K S O N COUNTY, ALABAMA

BARNETT-HAYSRebecca Hal l , 3534 Campfie ld Ct, K a t y,TX 77449, email:rebeccahall@juno.comis research ing M a r y Barne t t (born A u g ,1880 in AL) w h o marr ied L e e MackH a y s (born 1863, GA) on A p r 22, 1896,i n J a c k s o n C o u n t y. 1900 c e n s u ss h o w s 2 ch i l d ren : Susan Anna, b o r n1897 a n d Wi l l i e L , b o r n 1900. W h ow e r e t h e parents of M a r y (Barnet t )H a y s a n d L e e M a c k H a y s ? W a s M a r y(Barnet t ) H a y s t h e d a u g h t e r o f J o h n W.B a r n e t t w h o m a r r i e d M a r t h a S u s a nD i c u s on M a y 23, 1870, in Sco t t sbo ro?

ELLEDGE-WILMOTHB e t h Rhoten, 7723 3 4 t h A v e E,Tacoma, WA 98443, emai l :rrhoten@gte.net, seeks in fo onfami l ies of Martha El ledge (born 1797in KY) w h o md Wil l iam Wilmoth ca1815 (probably Warren CO, TN). F ive oft h e i r ch i ld ren w e r e : E l i sha Wi lmoth (b .ca 1816 in TN); ReubenWi lmoth (b. ca1820 in TN); Luc inda Wi lmoth (b. ca1821 in TN); Wi l l iam H Wi lmo th (b. ca1 8 2 9 i n AL); a n d G e o r g e A . W i l m o t h (b .ca 1834 in AL) .

KUDOS T0 J C H A MEMBERH A R R Y C A M P B E L L o f S e c t i o n .He is research ing a n d w r i t i n gt h e h is tory of Section, AL, a n di t s ear l ies t set t le rs . Would tha te v e r y t o w n h a d someone soded i ca ted t o d o c u m e n t i n g t h e i rcommuni ty h is tory l l

J C H A OFFICERS F O R 2000

PRESIDENT Drenda K i n gPROGRAM V. PRES. Pa t t y WoodallMEMBERSHIP V. PRES. K a t i Tip tonSECRETARY Tawney PierceTREASURER Mary Ann ParsonsBOARD OF DIRECTORS:

Clyde BroadwayDav id Campbe l lJ o h n G r a h a mJ o h n F. N e e l yBar ry P i c k e t t

I m m e d i a t e P a s t P r e s . F i n i s R o y a lCHRONICLES E d i t o r A n n Chamb less

OCTOBER 1999 EXECUTIVE BOARDMEETING

P l a n s w e r e m a d e f o r a n o o n l u n c h e o non October 28 in Jacobs B a n k Laure lRoom w i t h Dr. Dav id Campbe l l hos t ingt h e Scot tsboro premier o f h i sdocumentary, BOB JONES: ACONGRESSIONAL LEGACY.A nominat ing commi t tee w a sappo in ted to s u b m i t s l a t e o f o fficersa n d board o f d i rec to rs to be e lec ted a tOctober 28 meet ing.Pres ident Roya l appo in ted t h ef o l l o w i n g t o s e r v e o n c o m m i t t e e f o rp u b l i c a t i o n o f B a r r y P i c k e t t a n dC h a r l o t t e Ray ’s J a c k s o n C o u n t yC e m e t e r y I n v e n t o r y :D r. Dav id C a m p b e l lA n n B . C h a m b l e s sJ o h n G r a h a mBar ry P icke t tChar lot te RayPOST SCRIPT:O c t o b e r 28, 1 9 9 9 l u n c h e o n m e e t i n gw a s w e l l a t tended, a n d D r . Campbe l l ’ sd o c u m e n t a r y o n t h e l a t e H o n o r a b l eB o b Jones w a s en joyed by a l l . Hepresented a copy to t h e J C H A .

LOOKING BACK IN TIME: THE STEVENSON DEPOT MUSEUMcomp i l e d by Ann B. Chambless

The Stevenson Railroad Depot Museumwa s offic ia l ly dedicated on June 12, 1982.A l a r ge con t i ngen t o f c o n c e r n e d ci t izens h a d wo r ked t i relessly f o r s i x l o ng yea r s tosave a n d restore t h e Depo t “ t o rek indle memor ies of bygone y e a r s ” in t h e town ofStevenson a n d Jackson County, Alabama.One o f t h e i r fi r s t a c t s w a s mak i n g app l i c a t i o n f o r nominat ion t o t h e Nat ionalReg is te r o f His tor ic Places. The i r e f fo r t s we r e rewarded on May 13, 1976.Tw o yea r s later, “ T h e L i t t l e Brick,” t h e house wh i c h se rved as federal headquartersdu r i ng t h e C iv i l Wa r w a s a l s o added to t h e Nat ional Regis ter, a n d t h e To w n ofStevenson w a s des igna ted as an Histor ic Dis t r ic t .In June of 2000, t h e ci t izens of Stevenson w i l l ce lebrate t he i r 1 9 t h annua l summerfes t i va l ca l l ed Stevenson Depot Days w i t h a mos t cherished landmark, t h e depo tmuseum, as t h e yea r l y hub of week- longact iv i t ies .Accord ing to El iza Mae Woodall’s THE STEVENSON STORY, t h e fi r s t ra i l road d e p o tin Stevenson was bu i l t in 1853. The or ig ina l bui ld ing burned, and t h e p r e sen tdepo t w a s bu i l t in 1872. I f i t s wa l l s cou l d t a l k a n d t h e sur round ing g r o u n d s c ou l de c h o pa s t activit ies, t h e resound ing voices wou l d sure ly s h o c k a n d enter ta in .L is ten to t h e sounds of t he day and t h e “music of t h e n i gh t ” as described in a le t t e rwr i t t en in 1882 by a young woman whose husband was a Capta in In t heConfederate A rmy. Lizzie Pear l Armstrong traveled f rom Wartrace, Tennessee, toGeorgia by r a i l to be near he r husband, James L. Armstrong, w h o was act ive lyengaged in “defending t he South f rom Northern agg ress ion . ” The dateline reads,“Trenton (GA), Feb 16, 1862.” Mrs .Armstrong’s le t t e r to h e r parents, g i v e s ag r a p h i c descr ipt ion of h e r stopover at t h e Stevenson, Alabama Depo t :

“We l e f t Wartrace (TN) at s i x t ha t even ing and ar r ived at Stevenson (AL) ha l f p a s tt en t h a t n i g h t and ough t to have gone r i g h t on bu t t h e down t r a i n f r om Chattanoogad i d no t a r r i ve un t i l h a l f p a s t fi v e a n d su ch a disagreeable t ime we had. I t w a spou r i ng d ow n ra in i ng , the re were f r om 50 to 75 men a n d 3 ladies, a l l w i t h children,a n d t h e y ( b l e s s t h e i r l i t t l e hear ts) deserve c r e d i t f o r t h e i r behaviour t h a t n i g h t . Wew e r e a l l i n a r o om a t t h e depo t abou t 20 by 22 . A numbe r o f t h e m e n w e r e so ld ie r sa n d h a d t h e i r blankets a long . T h e gen t lemen, one a f t e r another, l a i d d o w n on t h efl o o r . M r. Wo rd he ld Charl ie un t i l he w a s tired a n d t hen t o o k o f f h i s overcoat a n dma d e a pa l l e t o n t h e fl o o r a n d p u t h im down . One k i n d g e n t l eman ga v e o ne o f h i sblankets f o r Pearl a n d t h e l i t t l e fe l lows s l ep t sound ly and swee t l y as though t he yh a d been at home in t he i r o w n beds. By one o’c lock everyone of t h e me n we r edown a n d i t wou l d have beendi fficul t f o r anyone to have crossed t h e room as UnclePear l u s ed to say t hey were a l l se t t led “ cub house” fashion. M r. Word wa s ob l igedto g i ve up , hav ing been broke o f h i s r es t f o r t h e pas t f e w n igh t s . I k e p t awake un t i labou t two when t i red a n d exhausted I s a t d o w n on an o l d box, t h e bes t t h e houseafforded, a n d leaning my head aga i n s t t h e wal l , I wen t to s leep.......The le t te r was signed, ‘Your affectionate Daughter, LizzieP. Armstrong’ “

3

A GLIMPSE OF STEVENSON DURING THE CIVIL WARw r i t t e n in 1986 by J e f f Tryon , Huntsv i l le T imes s t a f f w r i t e r

STEVENSON - Le t te rs f r om a Un ion so ld ie r s ta t i oned in Stevensondur ing t h e C iv i l Wa r g i v e a fee l i ng o f t h e o f t e n mundane, somet imeshumorous, day-to-day l i f e of so ld iers defend ing t h i s k e y ra i l roadj u n c t i o n .T h e le t te rs , w r i t t e n by Char les F. A lmend inzer to h i s w i f e in M i ch i gandu r i ng 1864, a r e cu r r en t l y on l oan (1986) t o t h e Stevenson Rai l roadDepo t Museum f r om a Huntsvi l le m a n w h o is t h e g r andson of t h ea u t h o r .T h e let ters, w r i t t e n in Ma r c h a n d Ap r i l of 1864, mo s t l y d e t a i l m i n o rc a m p even ts f r om t h e s e c o n d Un i o n o c cupa t i o n o f S tevenson . S om emen t i o n i s m a d e o f t h e cons t ruc t i on o f t h e ea r then rampar t n o wk n o w as Fo r t Harker, w h i c h h a s been p l a c e d on t h e Nat iona l Reg is te rof His tor ic Places...........As ear l y as Apr i l 1862, e lements of Gen. Ormsby M. Mitchel l ’s FederalDivision advanced by ra i l a n d seized Stevenson, sca t te r ing amakeshi f t defense of Confederate home gua rds . Mitchel l ’so c c upa t i o n o f Stevenson w a s pa r t o f a l a r g e r p l a n t o c ap t u r eChat tanooga, a n d thereby con t ro l t h e “ g a t ewa y to t h e deep south , ”Un i on a rmy re co r d s s h ow.L a t e in 1862, Un ion soldiers began cons t ruc t i on o f seve ra l f o r t s a n db lockhouses to p r o t e c t t h e k e y ra i l road j u n c t i o n s f r om Memph i s toNashvi l le. T he l a r ges t o f t h e for t i fica t ions w a s Fo r t Harker, b e g a n int h e s umm e r o f 1862 by Co l . Char les G. Ha r ke r.Fo r t Ha r k e r w a s bu i l t b y Un i o n t roops a n d l o ca l c on s c r i p t s du r i n g t h efi r s t o c c u p a t i o n o f S tevenson a s o n e o f t w o g u n emp l a c emen t s w h i c hcommanded t h e t own a n d t h e s t r a t e g i c depo t .“ O u r c amp i s sou th o f t own on a sma l l sand h i l l f a c i ng t h e town,ra i l roads a n d sta t ions so t h a t we s ee every th ing t h a t is go i ng on asthe re is no th i ng b u t one l o w cornfie ld between us a n d town,”Almendinzer w ro te in Ma rch 1864.“ B a c k o f u s on t h e s ame h i l l i s a s t rong f o r t w i t h p l a t f o rms i n s i de f o rseven guns . I t w a s bu i l t by t h e Rebels b u t n o t qu i t e fin ished a n d wea r e n o w fin ish ing o f f t h i s o n e a n d ano the r to t h e eas t o f t ow n . ”

4

A G l impse of Stevenson dur ing t h e C iv i l Wa r (Cont inued)

M u c h o f t h e l a b o r on Fo r t Ha r ke r w a s accomp l i shed by b l a c k s l avesf r om a 5 or 6 m i l e rad ius a round t h e t own wh i c h Col . Ha r ke r“ imp ressed ” i n t o serv i ce .A l though a Harper ' s Week ly a r t i c le f r om t h e pe r i od s ta tes “ A l lNegroes w h o c o m e to o u r l ines a r e s e t to w o r k at o n ce onfor t i fica t ions and pa i d wage s a nd f reed as a reward for the i r labor,” i ti s no t a t a l l c l e a r f r om mil i tary,d ispatches t h a t t h i s w a s in f a c t t h eca se .Co l . Harke r a n d Gen. D. c . Bue l l in Huntsv i l le exchanged severa ld i spa tched in wh ich Bue l l u rged Harke r to return spec ific s laves tothe i r owne rs to he lp main ta in t h e fa rms.A lmend inzer prov ides a g l impse of everyday l i f e in Stevenson du r i ngt h e w a r yea r s . “ T h i s t own contains o n e three-story ho t e l n o w u s e df o r a so ld ie rs retreat, some s i x or e i g h t two-story houses, a n d s ome25 or 30 one-story bu i ld ings a l l go ing to decay. Then t he r e a r eseve ra l camps of Negro shant ies c l o se b y. These shant ies a r e bu i l tin streetswe l l c leaned and drained.I heard singing in t h e ba c k of t own a n d w a s t o l d t h e r e wa s a mee t i n gof colored people . As I had never been to one, I thought I wou l d goand d i d so . T h e congrega t i on w a s l a rge and composed o f a l l colors,t h e women we r e plainlydressed. The seats w e r e composed of r oughwooden benches, homemade chairs, three legged stools, boxes,wa s h tubs, po r k barrels, g rease a nd ra i n wate r barrels, b locks ofwood, l o g s a n d t h e sur round ing stumps. Many s i t t i ng on t he i rdoo rs teps a n d o the rs in t h e summer h u t s w e r e a t ten t i ve l y l i s t en ing tow h a t w a s s a i d a n d I c o u l d no t h e l p no t i c i ng t h e contrast be tweenhere an d h ome or i n t h e Nor th . There t h e Neg ro i s n o t pe rm i t t ed toen te r a c a r or Omnibus. Here o u r m e n a n d o f fi ce r s s i t d own on t h esame b l o c k o f w o o d or d oo r s tep , e l b ow to e l b ow an d s i d e by s ide . ”T h e w o r k o f fo r t i f y ing Stevensonwent on th roughou t t h e war, a n d asl a t e as t h e f a l l o f 1864, Gen . Gordon Grangerw a s emp loyed incomp le t i ng w o r k on t h e Mitchell redoubt, 500 yards n o r t h o f t h edepo t on t h e ra i l road Iine... .Another redoubt, l o c a t e d th ree -qua r te r sof a mile no r t h of Stevenson, t hough ne ve r comp le ted , w o u l deventual ly be k n ow n as Fo r t Granger. 5

MAYNARD COVE MEN MUSTER ROLLRESEARCHSHARED BY 1'. J. B Y N U M

Many of t h e m e n l i s ted in t h i s document p r o d u c e d by t h e U. S.House of Represen ta t i ves on January 17, 1896, w e r e res iden ts o fMaynards C o v e in Jackson County, A labama.

5 4 t h CONGRESS1 S T SESSION H. R. 4 3 1 7In t h e H o u s e o f Represen ta t i vesJanuary 17, 1896M r. (Joseph)Wheeler in t roduced t h e fo l low ing b i l l w h i c hw a s re fer red to t h e Committee on Mil i tary Af fa i r s a n dordered to be printed.A BILL to p l a c e on t h e muster r o l l t h e names of ClaibornEvans a n d others .

Be i t enac ted by t h e Senate a n d House of Representat iveso f t h e Un i ted S ta tes o f Amer ica in Congress assemb led t h a tt h e Secretary of Wa r be, a n d is he reby, d i rec ted to p l a c eu p o n t h e mus te r r o l l o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A r m y t h e n a m e sof Cla iborn Evans, Samue l Potter, Dav id R. Be l l omy, I s a a cN. Bynum, J o h n Shelton, J a m e s K. P. Shelton, J o h n Precise,Thomas Precise, Wi l l i am Pot ter, C la ibo rn Evans,J r. ,So lomon Cox, Rober t F. Riddle, J a m e s M. Wood, A d a mSmelser, Mar ion Brewster, Dav id Hull, Aa ron Fish, a n dAnd rew J. Brannon w h o se rved as scouts a n d g u i d e s f o ro n e hundred a n d fi f ty - two days in t h e w a r o f 1861; t h e sa idClaiborn Evans as firs t lieutenant, t h e sa id Samuel Pot te ras fi r s t sergeant , a n d t h e o t h e r s as p r i v a t e s in t h e s e r v i c eo f t h e Un i ted S ta tes .

LANDMARKS/HIGHLIGHTS OF SCOTTSBORO H I G H SCHOOLby A n n B . Chamb less

E v e n b e f o r e t h e v i l lage w a s offic ia l l y incorpora ted in January 1869,t h e found ing f a t h e r s suppor ted c lassroom educat ion in Scot tsboro .I n 1868, T h o m a s G . Windes p u r c h a s e d e i g h t l o t s f r o m M r s . R o b e r t T.S c o t t . ( J a c k s o n CO, A L D e e d B o o k 3 , p . 587)In an Oc tobe r 1868 ed i t i on o f The A labama Hera ld , Thomas G.Windes adver t ised t h e open ing of h i s school . T h e f r a m e bui ld ing w a sloca ted on L o t 91 be tween Main St ree t ( n o w Map le Avenue) a n dChestnut Street.In A u g u s t 1869, M r. Windes s o l d t h i s proper ty to T h o m a s J. W o o d w h or e n t e d t h e b u i l d i n g to t h e J a c k s o n Coun t y Commissioners, a n d c o u r tw a s he ld a t t h i s s i t e w h i l e t h e cour t house w a s be ing cons t ruc ted inSco t t sbo ro .On M a r c h 3 , 1872, M r s . She l ton announced in The A labama I- lera lds h e w o u l d commence a p r i v a t e s c h o o l at t h e T. J . Wood house t h en e x t Monday. Th is bu i ld ing cont inued to be r e n t e d by teache rsdu r ing t h e 1870s, as The A labama H e r a l dc a r r i e d t h e fo l l ow ing n e w s :

“ A u g u s t 2 7 , 1878: S c o t t s b o r o h a s1119 f r e e o r p u b l i c s c h o o l s n o w, o n e t a u g h t b yP ro f .A . E . Russe l l i n t h e B r i c k Chu rch (sou theas t c o m e r o f L a u r e la n dC a l d w e l l S t ree ts ) a n d t h e o t h e r b y M i s sA n n i e Scruggs i n t h e Woods B u i l d i n g . ”“ S e p t e m b e r 13, 1878: M i s s S u e Snodgrass (Mrs . H a m l i n Caldwel l ) i s s t i l l t e a c h i n gi n t h e ‘ U n c l e To m m y Wo o d ’h o u s e a n dh a s a v e r y g o o d s c h o o l . ”

O n J a n u a r y 11 , 1878, T h e F e l l o w C i t i z e n r e p o r t e d :“ T h e Sco t tsboro Academy - S t e p s a r e b e i n g t a k e n to b u i l d a c o l l e g ea t t h i s p l a c e on t h e l a n d n o r t h o f t o w n dona ted f o r educa t iona lp u r p o s e s b y t h e l a t e H o n . R . T. S c o t t . O u r l e a d i n g c i t i z e n s a r ea roused on t h e sub jec t a n d s o m e a r e en thus ias t i c o v e r t h e i d e a o fh a v i n g a permanen t educat ional inst i tu t ion at t h i s p l a c e . S o m e ofo u r en te rp r i s ing m e n m e t a t t h e b r i c k c h u r c h l a s t Monday e v e n i n ga n d e l e c t e d a b o a r d of t rustees. T h e y a r e : J. T. Skel ton, J o h nSnodgrass, W. H. Robinson, J a m e s W. Moody, a n d Ne lson K y l e .J u d g e K y l e subscribed $ 2 0 0 a n d s a y s he w i l l double t h a t amount i ft h e y w i l l b u i l d a b r i c k h o u s e . A n i c e b r i c k b u i l d i n g c a n b e b u i l t f o r$ 3 0 0 0 . 0 0 . ” 7

LANDMARKS/HIGHLIGHTS OF SCOTTSBORO HIGH SCHOOL (Cont inued)

The A l abama He r a l dp rov ided t h e f o l l ow i ng news :January 24 1878: Quite a number of o u r townsmen and boys me t ont h e schoo l land, t h e S c o t t donation, Tuesday mo r n i n g a n d by n o o nh a d a b o u t o n e acrelof t h e ground c lea red o f unde rg row th a n d use lesssap l ings . (Land w a s ve ry near whe r e Carver H i g h Schoo l s tood. )

January 16, 1879: A. P. Moo re h a s t h e contract f o r e r e c t i n g t h eschoo l bu i l d ing on t h e S c o t t donat ion.

The Sco t t s bo r oCitizenrepor ted :Ma y 16, 1879: T h e Co l l ege bu i l d i ngw i l l be comp le ted t h i s wee k .

Sep tember 29, 1879: The h igh schoo l beg ins in t h e n e w schoo lbu i l d i ng nex t Monday. Professor Sc ruggs , late of Law rence Coun t y,is t h e pr inc ipa l . M r. Char lesW. Brown, Rev. C. B. Roach, a n d M i s sFannie Ledbet ter, ass is tants . Pa i n t i n g wou l dh e l p t h e n e wco l l egeamaz ing ly.

TheA labama He r a l drepor ted : ~Feb 5, 1880: T h e n e w additionaLschool bu i l d i ng w a s comple ted l a s tw e e k and school opened on Monday las t . T h e town n o w h a s groundfl o o r r o om under o ne roof, most favorab le located, to accommodate300 pup i ls . Much cred i t is d ue Mr. A. P. Moore, t h e contractor, f o r t h es t y l e in w h i c h i t w a s done a n d t h e exped i t i on w i t h w h i c h t h e w o r kw a s b rough t t o comp le t i on . (The f a c i l i t y w a s named t h e S c o t t Ma l ea n d Female Ins t i t u te . )

On February 16, 1883, t h e Alabama Legis lature passed an A c t wh i c hconsol idated t h e Sco t t Ma le and Female Ins t i tu te and t h e Scot tsboroBui ld ing Associat ion. In August 1883, school opened w i t h Messrs .G ross a n d Hopk ins as pr inc ipals. On Apr i l 17, 1888, T h e Sco t t sbo roC i t i z en r epo r t edS c o t t Academy (Sco t t Ma l e a n d Fema le I n s t i t u t ebu i l d ing ) w a s des t royed by fi re . T h e c i t i zens dec ided n o t to r e p l a c et h e bu i ld ing at t h i s s i te , as Scottsboro’s businesseswe r e qu ick l ymov i n g to t h e Cou r t House pub l i c square, and t h e town w a sspread ing sou t h and east. 8

LANDMARKS/HIGHLIGHTS OF SCOTTSBORO HIGH SCHOOL (Continued)

Sho r t l y a f t e r t h e 1888 fire, Rober t S c o t t Skelton, g randson of t h efounders of Scottsboro, donated f o u r ac res f o r a schoo l loca ted in t h ewes t e n d of t h e b l o ck surrounded by Mart in and Sco t t St reets a ndCol lege Avenue. On Ju l y 12, 1888, t h e paper repor ted:“ T h e Col lege. Contract l e t a n d w o r k w i l l beg i n s ome t i m e nex t w e e k .M r. Samue l S tone of Chat tanooga h a s been awarded t h e contract f o rsometh ing o v e r $6000, a n d t h e bu i ld ing w i l l be comp l e t ed t h e fi r s t o fOc tobe r (1888.)”

An 1889 A labama Leg i s l a t i ve A c t amended t h e S c o t t A c ademy A c ta n d c r e a t e d t h e Sco t t sbo ro Co l l e ge a n d No rma l Schoo l . T h e fi r s tt e rm o f t h e n e w schoo l b e gan in February 1889. The Prog ress i veA g e r epo r t e d on Augus t 8 , 1889:“ T h e n e w add i t i o n to t h e Co l lege Bu i ld ing is p rogress ing . (Due toenro l lment) Trustees f ound i t necessary to ma k e a 50 by 80 add i t i o nto t h e already commodious bui ld ing. Richard Hun t of Chat tanoogaw a s t h e arch i tec t f o r t he addi t ion. The second term of t h e schoo l w i l lopen t h e fi rs t Monday in September. (This addi t ion l a te r se rved as ag ym and w a s s t i l l u sed as t h e gi r ls ’ g ym in t he 19505.)In 1894 a newspaper advertisement cal led t h e schoo l The Tri -StateNorma l Univers i ty. In 1899, t h e C i t y of Scot tsboro pu rchased t h eschoo l bui ld ing. J. T. Rose w a s appo in ted p res iden t of t h e n e wunivers i ty. In Augus t 1899, t h e schoo l newspaper ad read :NORMAL SCHOOL AND COMMERCIAL INSTITUTE, f u l l sess i on beg insAugu s t 28, 1899 . Course o f S t udy : Pr imary, Prepara to ry H i g hSchool , Teachers, Co l l eg ia te , Mus i c , a n d E l o cu t i o n . Tho roughness i so u r mo t t o . Thomas L . Smy t h , A.M., P res iden t .N ine ty - two s tuden ts w e r e enro l led in January 1901, a n d t h e s c hoo lw a s then ca l led T h e Bapt i s t Insti tute, as t h e Southern Bap t i s tConvent ion h a d pu rchased t h e Tr i -S ta te Univers i ty f o r $4000 a n d J. C.Dawson w a s h i r ed as t h e p r i n c i pa l .By 1908, t h e bui ld ing and grounds we r e t h e property of t h e JacksonCounty Boa rd o f Educat ion . T h e fi r s t sess ion opened on Sep t embe r21, 1908,w i t h 91 s tuden ts enro l led a n d J . R . Ward as pr inc ipa l .There w e r e dormi to r ies f o r s t u den t s w h o l i ved ou t s i d e t h e town.

9

LANDMARKS/HIGHLIGHTS OF SCOTTSBOROHIGH SCHOOL (Continued)

T h e en ro l lmen t con t i nued to g r o w, a n d s om e c lass rooms w e r er emode l ed t o c omp l y w i t h t h e S t a t e Boa rd o f Educa t i on r equ i r emen t sin 1929. A n e w g y m w a s bu i l t in 1932 at a cos t of $30,000. ( t h i sbu i l d ing bu rned in 1949 a n d w a s rebu i l t on same site.)(O’BrienGymnasium). In 1933, voca t i ona l c lassrooms a n d an aud i to r i um w i t ha sea t i ng capac i t y o f 1000 we r e bu i l t a t a cos t o f $25,000.On December 1, 1938, The Progress iveA g e ca r r i ed adver t isement f o rcon t rac t to bu i l d n e w b r i c k Ja c k son Coun tyH i g h Schoo l bu i ld inginSco t tsboro . On February 23 , 1939, t h e s am e p a p e r r epo r t ed :“ W o r k i s w e l l u n d e rw a y o n t h e J a c k s o n Coun t y H i g h S c h o o l a tSco t t sbo ro . T he JCHS i s a modern, two-story a n d basemen t bu i l d i ngof semi -fi resafe cons t ruc t i on . M r . Og le t r ee ( f rom Annis ton) is t h econs t ruc t i on super in tendent . ”On Sep tembe r 14, 1939, t h e pape r announced t h a t t h e Jac k sonCoun ty H i g h Schoo l opened i t s f a l l sess ion l a s t Monday “ i n t h ebeaut i fu l n e w $80,000 bui ld ing w i t h a record enro l lment of nearly~600students.” On October 6, 1939, food was firs t served in a brand n e wcafe ter ia l o ca t ed in t h e schoo l basement . C. P. Ne lson w a s t h epr inc ipal , and h i s facu l t y consis ted o f :Mrs . J ames Holland, Miss Ant ione t te Love joy, B i l l NewmanHuddleston, Cobu rn Thomas, Mrs . Rudo lph Jones, Mrs . H. C. Hayes , A.H . Borden, Mrs . De l la McCra ry, Mrs . Coburn Thomas (Mary J a n eHodges) ,M i s s Ernest ine Mann ( la te r Mrs . P i ckens Russel l ) ,M r s .Ma b e l Ba i l ey, J ames Fo ley (band d i rec to r ) , Raymond Wedg ewo r t h(coach/teacher) , W. G. (Mickey) O’Br ien (coach/teacher) , a n d Mrs .Ly l e s Hembree (mus i c depar tment . )WIn Sep t embe r 1953, t h e Scot tsboro C i t y Boa rd of Educa t i on w a sestablished, a nd t h e Board assumed con t r o l of a l l schoo ls inSco t t sbo ro . T h e c l ass o f 1957w e r e t h e l a s t t o graduate as s tudentso f Jackson Coun ty H i gh Schoo l . W i t h t h e name changed t oScot tsboro H igh School, t h e c lass of 1958 we re t h e fi r s t to rece i ved ip lomas as gradua tes of SCO'ITSBORO HIGH SCHOOL. A n e wg y m (Car te rGymnas ium)w a s cons t ruc ted in 1958 w h i c h s e a t e d3000. T h e bu i l d i ng w a s ded i ca ted on Feb 20, 1959.

10

LANDMARKS/HIGHLIGHTS OFSCOTTSBORO HIGH SCHOOL (Continued)

In 1967, a n e w Scottsboro H igh Schoo l w a s comp le ted at a cos t of$1,250,000. The fac i l i t y w a s located in t h e c i t y b lock defined byBroad a n d Cec i l S t ree ts . Ray Col l ins w a s t h e fi r s t pr inc ipa l . He w a sfo l lowed by Fred Thomas, Dav id Hulsey, Kenneth Holder, J r. , Lew i sMcBride, a n d Buddy Ho l t .

Also, in 1967, t h e o l d h i g h school fac i l i t y became t h e Scot tsboroJ un i o r H i g hSchoo l w i t h Lew i sWendell Page as principal. ‘ In 1975,t h e Scottsboro Jun io r H i g h School moved i n t o a n e w building onJefferson Dr ive w i t h FredThomas as pr inc ipa l . (La ter w h e n FredThomas move d to t h e H igh School, Roy Fred Durham became t h eJuniorHHigh principal .)

In 1975- Scottsboro’s fi f th a n d s i x t h g rade r s moved to t h e Sco t tS t ree t f ac i l i t y, a n d Wendell Page rema ined a t h i s pos t as principalun t i l he retired in 1977. At t ha t t ime, t h e Scottsboro Board ofEducation honored long-t ime educator Wendell Page by naming t h eSco t t S t ree t fac i l i ty t h e LewisWendell Page Elementary School .Mr. Pagewa s succeeded by Mrs. Jo Smith, Ray Collins, Ella RuthLambert, H a l Luse, a n d Dr. Halbert .

On January 10, 2000, Principal Buddy Ho l t a long w i t h h i s teachers,staff , a n d h i g h school students moved i n t o a n e w state-of-the!artfac i l i t y which is bounded on t h e wes t by John T. Re id Parkway, ont h e south by t h e Trot ters Shopping Mall, a n d on t h e east by CrawfordRoad. I t 'Is located on ac reage l o n g known as t h e GeorgeMoodyproper ty.

T h e n e w Scottsboro H igh Schoo l w a s bu i l t 1998-1999 at a cos t ofapproximately 17 mi l l ion dollars under t he direct ion of Board ofEducation members: Dr. Clyde Butler, Jr. , RobinShelton, RickeyDooley, Howard Hil l , and Ron Ricker a n d Scot tsboro Super in tendentof Education, Dr. Charles Carrick.‘ F rom 1868 to 2000 - su re l y t h eRober t T. S c o t t fami ly wou l d ma rve l a nd be p leased w i t h Scottsboro’sp rog ress in t h e fie ld of h i ghe r educat ion i f t hey cou l d v i s i t n o w !

11

02/04/1985D e a r Ann,

T h i s m i g h t i n t e r e s t some o f o u r A s s o c i a t i o n members.

In "prowling” I came u p o n t h i s p r i n t . T h i s was an o l d enve lope .I suppose i t was t h e o f fi c i a l s t a t i o n e r y o f t h i s s c h o o l . I t had n odates on i t . The name " J . M. Re id" looked as i f i t had been addres !sed to "Reid", b u t had subsequently been "hand del ivered". No pos tmarka p p e a r s .

In t h i s same connect ion, in my pe rus ing the i s s u e s of The B r i d e- \ /o r t News - 1896, January through December, " F. 0. Wallace, Publisher”,

I observed the fo l l ow ing news in the June 1 9 t h i ssue : TRI-STATE NORMALCOMMENCEMENT -- The degree of B . S . was con fe r red on Misses Fanny WoodaIl( F r a n c i s Kmerica Maples nee Woodall), and M o l l i e W i l l i a m s and M r . JohnR. Kennamer--

”Miss Fanny Maples" was of t h e "Woodall Clan" of Woodv i l le . ManyMethod is ts w i l l remember h e r f rom "The Fanny Maples Zone of t h e Woman'sMiss iona ry S o c i e t y of t h e H u n t s v i l l e Conference'. She s t i l l has a n i e c ein t h i s a r e a , Eda M i l d r e d Hodges Baker nee Woodall; she was a l s o t h ea u n t o f t h e l a t e C l i f f o r d B a r r o n Woodal l o f Scot tsboro. M i s s W i l l i ams ,I d o n o t r e c o g n i z e . M r . John R . Kennamer was a n e a r l y merchant, p o s t !m a s t e r a n d a u t h o r o f Wo o d v i l l e . H e a u t h o r e d two o u t s t a n d i n g l o c a lh i s t o r i e s , one r e l a t i n g some h i s t o r y o f Woddv i l le and t h e o t h e r a h i s !t o r y of Jackson County. These a r e in "The Alabama Room" of t h e Scot tsboroP u b l i c L i b r a r y indexed under "Kennamer, J. R . " .

I s t h e r e a n y a lumn i o f t h i s o l d p r e s t i g i o u s schoo l around?

Researched by Car lus Page

12 \V/

4.?....\)duw.1..¢xnwA..tr,.

managmKm.43w:,2Q5.

,aaaJv £51:..

i3.?..,

._....lw.. .

‘

\...v...:10.

...mwosgasgzmmRein

0:3,;as???

u...wwaaflnmwacé$583onEbaEwmzba.

\.

.0 xwe”3‘and»...5gulmbflrfifiwuhréd.

PER..."0%.\.»\._.,DiarrhgrgsES.

..¢up”).chmzahwC1449“EaEKG!yaAng.

¢.xm. OEJSZOCQPE.ESQ».

«a.conga!@9559.93.6%

Homm... ..\6cm:EZ»oflrvngr‘d[53‘Fug!>22.335.403hr

wmwaALOOQmuA.Nv>0mM»\

RENEWMEMBERSHIPJANUARY I

MEMBERSHIP DUES NEW OR RENEWALANNUAL DUES - $10.00LIFE MEMBERSHIP - $100.00

MEMORIALS AND HONORARIUMS ARE WELCOMED

JACKSON COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONP. O. BOX 1494SCOTTSBORO, AL 35768-1494Please provide:NAME

STATE ZIPNEW RENEWAL

The membership year begins January 1. Any dues received before October 1willbe for the current year. Dues received after October 1 will accrue to the followingyear. Members receive the JACKSON COUNTY CHRONICLES quarterly inJanuary, April, July, and October.

J.C.H.A. BOOK FOR SALEThe Jackson County Historical Association has republished THE HISTORY OFJACKSON COUNTY, ALABAMA by John R. Kennamer, Sr., 1935 edition. Theprice of the book is $20.00. If mailing is required, please add $3.00 for each bookorder. Allow ten (10) days for processing. Please complete the following order

- blank and mail to:HISTORY BOOKPO . BOX 1494SCOTTSBORO, AL 35768-1494

STREETSTATE ZIP TELEPHONE

JACKSON COUNTYCHRONICLES

VIILIIME12, IIIIMBEII2 ISSIl-IlIfl-2348 ‘ APR“ 2000

IIIIIKSIIIIIIIIIIIII'VIIISTIIIIIIIAIASSIIIIIITIIIIIWlllMEETSIIIIIIAY.Ill’llll3|]. 2000.2:30 pm , JONES-KING HOME, 414 Sco t t Street, Scottsboro.Je r r y a n d Drenda K i ng a re res to r i ng t h e childhood home o f t h e l a t eHonorable Robert E. Jones, S r. a n d Rudolph Jones. Drenda’s NationalReg is te r o f Histor ic Places app l i ca t i on i s pending, a nd t h e house shouldb e a p p r o v e d f o r National Register status b y l a t e spr ing o r ea r l y summer.The K i ngs and Program Vice-President Pa t t y Woodal l i n v i t e a l lmembe rs a n d the i r gues t s t o en j oy f am i l y s t o r i e s o f t h e house a n d i t sne ighborhood related by spec i a l gues ts Rudolph Jones, Car ter Jones,a nd Ed Boyd. A treat is in store f o r a l l who tour th is historic Scottsborohome wh ich is being lovingly res tored by Jer ry and Drenda K ing . Beth ink ing o f q u e s t i o n s y o u m i g h t wan t t o a s k ou r g u e s t s p e a k e r s o r ou rhosts.

2000 JCHA ANNUAL DUES N o w PAYABLE2000 Association dues are now due and payable. If y o u have n o t p a i d y o u rdues t h i s yea r, p l ease ma i l y o u r check inthe amount o f$10 .00 toTreasurer Mary Ann Parsons, PO. Box 1494,Scottsboro, AL 35768, to assure receipt of allquarterly issues of THE JACKSON COUNTY CHRONICLES. Include n i n e number z i pcode .

JACKSON COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONPOST OFFICE BOX I494 U.S. POSTAGE PAIDSCOTTSBORO, AL 35768 PERMIT NO. I l

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

JACKSON COUNTY, THE SWITZERLAND OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA

HISTORIC MARKERSThere a r e so m a n y h i s to r i cl andmarks a n d s i t e s w h i c hshould be marked in JacksonCoun ty. Dur ing t h e Januarymee t i ng , t h e J C H A vo ted tof u n d $ 1 6 0 0 annua l l y to p l a c e atl e a s t o n e h is to r ic m a r k e r e a c hy e a r .Those in a t t endance w e r ea s k e d t o s p r e a d t h e w o r d : i f a nind iv idua l or f a m i l y chooses topr i va te ly f u n d a m a r k e r ( o r e v e nh a l f t h e cos t ) , t h e i r t a xdeduc t i b le g i f t t o t h e J C H Aw o u l d cer ta in ly acce lera te t h egoa l o f p lac ing markers at t h eh is to r ic s i tes w h i c h h a v en e v e r r e c e i v e d t h e r e c o g n i t i o n

t h e y r igh t fu l l y deserve.A f t e r cons ider ing severa l s i t e sf o r t h e marke r to be p laced in2000, t h e His tor ic MarkerCommi t t ee i s ready tor e c o m m e n d t h e Scot tsboroFre ight Depot .W h a t s i t e w o u l d y o u n o m i n a t e ?A d d i t i o n a l r e c o m m e n d a t i o n sc a n b e m a d e a t t h e A p r i l 3 0m e e t i n g , a n d Pres ident K i n gw i l l c h a i r a d iscuss ion a n d vo tef o r a fi n a l 2000 dec is ion .

COMMITTEE REPORTSA t t h e A p r i l 3 0 m e e t i n g , t h eJ C H A w i l l h e a r repo r t s f r o mRalph Mackey, Chairman of t h eB u s To u r Committee, a n d RonDykes, Chai rman of t h e Rober tE . (Bob) J o n e s Sympos ium.

UNMARKED GRAVESA l m o s t e v e r y c e m e t e r y i nJ a c k s o n C o u n t y h a s b u r i a l p l o t sw h i c h h a v e n e v e r b e e n m a r k e dw i t h an insc r ibed m a r k e r. W h oa r e t h o s e p e o p l e b u r i e d i nsuch p la ts?Char lot te Ray h a s entered49,000 p l u s n a m e s in h e rcompu te r database w h i c h h a v eb e e n ident ified f r o m J a c k s o nCounty cemetery inventor ies.S h e is n o w accep t ing t h enames of people bur ied inunmarked g raves w h i c h w i l l beinc luded in a s p e c i a l sec t i on int h e c e m e t e r y r e c o r d b o o kw h i c h t h e J C H A p l a n s t op u b l i s h i n 2001 . PLEASE h e l pC h a r l o t t e R a y i d e n t i f y t h o s ebur ied i n u n m a r k e d graves .Mai l info to:Char lo t te Ray, 5239 CO RD 43,Section, AL 35771, or c a l lChar lo t te at (256) 228-6972.

1867 JACKSON COUNTY VOTING RECORDSINTRODUCTON shared by W. W. P a g e of Huntsv i l le , A l a b a m a

RESOURCE: TI'IE SOUTI'I’S 1 8 6 7RETURNOF QUALIFIED VOTERSA N DTHEIR VA L U E IN GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH, by R o b e r t 8. Dav is , J r .

“ T o r e v i s e t h e l e g a l m a c h i n e r y f o r r e s t o r i n g t h e f o r m e rConfederate s ta tes to t h e union, t h e Un i ted S t a t e s C o n g r e s spassed a n e w Reconstruction l a w on M a r c h 23, 1867. A m o n gt h e c h a n g e s ca l l ed f o r in t h e l a w w a s state-wide e lec t i ons ine a c h o f t h e f o r m e r rebe l states, e x c e p t Te n n e s s e e , a m o n gregistered males, b l a c k and whi te , o v e r a g e twenty-one.

T h e r e s u l t i n g v o t i n g reco rds o f 1867-1870 v a r y w i d e l y i nquan t i t y a n d qua l i t y, depending u p o n state. T h e 1867 vo te rreg is t ra t ion b o o k f o r t h e S t a t e o f A l a b a m a is extant. T h eor ig ina l records a r e in t h e records of t h e Elect ions andRegis t ra t ion Div is ion of t h e A l a b a m a Depar tment of Arch ivesa n d H i s t o r y and h a v e b e e n microfilmed, a l t hough t h e fi l m andt h e documents a r e o f t e n hard to read. As ide f r o mnatural ization in format ion on f o r e i g n b o r n persons, most of t h ere tu rns l a c k a n y m a j o r genealogical in format ion. M o s tA labama count ies h a v e no f o r e i g n b o r n voters a l t hough re turnsf o r Mob i le and Tuscaloosa count ies a r e r i c h in naturalizationinformat ion. Da le Coun ty ’s returns g i v e t h e names ofe m p l o y e r s f o r s o m e reg is t rants . T h e b o o k s f o r H e n r y, Lee ,P e r r y, a n d Russel l coun t i es g i v e p l a c e o f b i r t h f o r a t l e a s t s o m evoters . T h e Wa l k e r C o u n t y re turns a r e spectacu lar, g i v ingexac t d a t e o f b i r t h a n d s ta te o f b i r t h f o r most o f t h e m e nregistered.

H a v i n g an ancestor w h o vo ted in t h e 1867 elect ion w a s o n e oft h e requirements f o r v o t i n g under t h e state constitution of 1901.T h e s e reco rds a r e on mic rofi lm a t Wa l lace S t a t e C o l l e g e ,Hanceville, Alabama.”

1867 JACKSON COUNTY PRECINCT 16 VOTING RECORDSshared by W. W. P a g e of Huntsville, Alabama

HUDSON BUTLERMARION BOWERSW. J. BARCLAYLUNA BOWERSL(afayette) DERRICKJOHN H. EVANSJAMES H. EVANSISAAC GRIZZLEC. L. HARDCASTLEWILLIS HODGESJOHN J. HODGESJ. A. KENNAMERWILLIAM C. LEWIS

C(harles) J(efferson) LEWISE. J. MAPLES

MOSES MAPLESE. F. MAPLES

WILLIAM PAGEE. O. D. PRUITTW(ill iam) C(reen) STEPHENSC. N. STEPHENSMARION STEPHENSJOSIAH STEPHENSMILES V. STEPHENS

SILAS P. WOODALLC. S. WOODALL

‘l1867 MARSHALL COUNTY PRECINCT9 VOTING RECORDSSAMPSON BISHOPw. F. BARCLAYJOEL BARCLAYA(I len) T (w i t ) CHAMBLESSWILLIAM ELKINSJAMES ELKINSE. M. ELKINSN. K. ELKINSJ O H N LEEJOHN G. MORRISONJOHN w. PERKINSWILLIAM PERKINSISAAC PERKINSADAM SMELSERP. S. WOODALL 4

LINBERT KENNAMERJACOB L. KENNAMERDAVIS (?David) KENNAMERCEORCE KENNAMERSTEPHEN D. KENNAMERSEABORN F. KENNAMERDA.....KENNAMERR. S. KENNAMERESAPH KENNAMERJOHN B. KENNAMERA. B. KENNAMERNATHANIEL KENNAMERCREEN KENNAMER

THE SPANISH INFLUENZA OF 1918by Ann B. Chambless

A recent te lev is ion p r og r am dea l t w i t h t h e adventures o f acurrent -day ou tb reak of t h e Span i sh influenza; thank fu l l y, i t w a sj u s t a mov ie . However, i t t r i gge red my m i n d wh i l e wo r k i n g onfl u dea t h s t h a t devas ta ted Ja c k son Coun ty, Alabama, in 1918 .

I t h a s b e e n r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e fl u b e g a n i n F o r t R i l e y, Kansas,wh i ch w a s an establ ishment housing 26,000 me n at CampFuns ton in a 20,000 a c r e boundary. So ld iers the re begancomp la i n i ng o f t h e w e a t h e r t o be f o u n d a t t h e s i t e : ex t remew in t e r s a n d unbearab le summers . T h e d u s t s to rms a l s o h a d agrea t a f f e c t on t h i s area. A lso t o be found a t t h e c amp w e r ethousands of horses a n d mules produc ing n i ne tons o f manuremon t h l y. Burn ing w a s t h e me t hod o f d isposa l o f t h e manu re .On Saturday, March 9, 1918, a dus t storm arr ived. The dust,combined w i t h t h e ashes of burning manure, caused a st ing ing,s t i nk ing ye l l ow haze. The s un w a s sa id to have gonedead-black in Kansas t ha t day. The so-cal led Span ishinfluenza wou l d fina l l y t a k e t h e l i ves of 600,000 Americans.On Monday, March 11 , t h e fi r s t w a v e of t h e 1918 influenza w a sf e l t . Company c o o k A lbe r t G i t che l l r epo r ted to t h e c ampinfirmary w i t h a “ bad co ld . ” Then Corpora l L e e W. Drake vo i ceds im i l a r comp la in t s . By noon, c am p su rgeon Edward R .Sch re ine r w a s t r e a t i n g o v e r 1 00 s i c k men, a l l appa ren t l ysu f fe r ing f r om t h e same ma lady.

In Ap r i l a n d M a y of t h e s ame yea r, s ome 500 pr isoners at S a nQuen t i n in Cal i forn ia c a m e d ow n w i t h t h e same cond i t i on .Camps Hancock, Lewis, Sherman, Fremont, a n d seve ra l o t he r swe r e a l so in fec ted . I t appears no t t oo many w e r e a la rmed - t h eUn i ted S t a t e s w a s in a w a r . By March 1918, 84,000 Amer i can“dough-boys” we r e sent to Europe; t h e y we r e fo l l owed byano the r 118,000 in Ap r i l . They d i d no t k n o w t h e y w e r e tak i ngw i t h t h em a v i rus . Enroute, t h e 15 t h U.S. Cava l ry incu r red 36cases of influenza a n d s i x deaths .

5

THE SPANISH INFLUENZAOF 1918 (Continued)

By May 1918, t h e flu had s p r e a d to two cont inents w i t h no e n di n s i g h t . Great Br i ta in r e p o r t e d 31,000 fl u cases i n June. Wa rp l a n s we re changed and a t tacks were pos tponed due to ashortage of healthy men. In ear ly summer, t h e flu reachedbey90nd t he Uni ted States and western Europe. Cases ofinfluenza were repo r t ed in Russia, North Africa, a n d India.Then China, Japan, t h e Philippines, and New Zealandexpe r i enced t he fl u . By Ju l y tens o f thousands had fal len i l la n d died.

In t h e f a l l of 1918, t h e flu began i t s deadly t r e k across t h eUni ted States. I t happened w i t h s u c h s p e e d a n d fa t a leffic iency that many thought it w a s a deliberate a t t ack by anenemy. A f t e r a l l , we we r e in Wor ld Wa r I. Thousands ofBostonians were fel led by t h e influenza a n d susp i c ions g r e wthat German sp i e s deliberately infected t he Boston Harbor w i t hge rms . I t was sugges ted tha t po i son gases used in the war, a i rcharged w i t h carbon dioxide f rom t h e trenches, and gasesformed f rom decomposing bodies , a n d exploding munit ions hada l l fused to form a high ly tox i c vapo r t ha t flu victims hadinhaled. Among t he o the r causes advanced were: a i rstagnation, c o a l dust, fleas, t h e dis temper of ca ts a n d dogs, a n dd i r t y dishwater.

The Red Cross, Post Office, and t h e Federal Railroadadministration p u t up posters . Surgeon GeneralRupe r t Blue, w h o as t h e nat ion ’s Ch ie f Public Hea th Officer,ordered t h e printing'and distribution of pamph l e t s w i t h t i t l e sl ike, “Span ish Influenza,” “Three-Day-Fever,” . and “The Flu . ”The Colga te Company p laced ad s detai l ing twe lve steps top r e ven t influenza. People w e r e wa r ned to c h e w food carefu l ly,a vo i d t i g h t clothes and shoes, e tc . A l f red Crosby, in “Ep idemica n d Peace, 1918,” sa id t h a t t h e influenza “cou ld have beensmothered by paper, a nd many l ives wou l d have been spa r ed . ”

THE SPANISH INFLUENZAOF 1918 (Continued)

The Commit tee of t h e Amer ican Publ ic hea l t h Assoc iat ionbel ieved t he disease extremely communicable. They pushedf o r leg is la t ion t h a t wou l d prevent t h e use of common cups andutens i ls a n d t ha t wou ld b a n pub l i c coughing a n d sneezing.They begged t h e pub l i c t o w a s h t h e i r hands be fo re eve ry m e a la n d to p a y a t t en t i on to gene ra l hyg iene . They s t r essedexposure to f resh a i r a n d garg l ing w i t h a var ie ty o f e l i x i rs .Doc t o r adv ised r ins ing w i t h chlor inated soda or a m i x t u r e ofsod i um bicarbonate a n d bor i c a c i d . S to r ies began to su r f a ceo f peop l e re l y i ng on f o l k r emed i e s s u c h as mo t h e r s ins i s t i ngt h e i r ch i l d ren s t u f f s a l t up t h e i r noses a n d w e a r goo se g r e a s epou l t i c e s o r b ag s o f ga r l i c - scen ted g u m a r o u n d t h e i r n e c k s .Onionswere looked upon as ano the r solut ion. In Alabama, t h eSpan i s h Influenza t o o k i t s t o l l . In r ead i ng o l d t ow n or s ta teregulat ions, i t appears t ha t mu ch of t h e na t ion came to a ha l twh i le bat t l ing th i s unknown k i l l e r. Many thousands d ied in t h estate of Alabama. Publ ic gather ings we r e curtailed; someschools were closed down. I t is assumed t ha t funera l homessimply a n d rapid ly buried t h e deceased.

The author 's great-uncle, R. Henry McAnel ly, w a s a l icensedembalmer a n d owned a combinat ion furn i ture store-funeralhome in Scot tsboro du r i ng t h i s t i m e per iod. On numerousoccasions, I have heard h im t e l l a b ou t bury ing fi v e peop le f r omt h e s ame fam i l y on t h e same d a y. T h e sadness a n d g r i e f oft h a t o n e d a y w e r e e t c h ed i n h i s memo r y, a n d I h a v e ne v e rf o r g o t t e n t h e l o o k i n h i s e ye s n o r t h e t o ne o f h i s v o i c e a s her e coun t ed t h e s to r i es o f l i ves ex t i ngu i shed by t h e Span ishinfluenza in Jackson County, Alabama. S ta t i s t i c s f r omChar lo t te Ray ’s inven to ry o f insc r ibed marke r s f o r peop l ebur ied in Jac k son Coun t y revea l s ome in te res t ing f a c t s f o r1918: 140 peop le we r e bur ied in t h e fi r s t n i ne mon t h s o f 1918,AND 145 peop le we r e bur ied in t h e l a s t t h r ee mon t h s o f 1918 .Th is proves t he fl u w a s ful l -b lown by Oc tobe r of 1918. Didmembers of you r fami ly d i e f r om th i s fl u ? I f so, p lease sharethe i r names w i t h Char lo t te Ray or Ann B. Chambless.

7

A FEMALE’S EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF BRIDGEPORT DURING THECIV IL WAR: f r o m t h e l i f e a n d w o r d s of Princess A g n e s J o y SaIm-Salm

condensed a n d e d i t e d by A n n B. Chambless

WHA T WA S A PRINCESSDOINGIN BRIDGEPORT,ALABAMA, DURINGTHE CIVIL WAR? Where d i d s h e l i ve? What r o l e d i d s h e p l a y in t h e FederalA r m y hosp i t a l s i n B r i dgepo r t a n d Stevenson? H o w d i d s h e t r a v e l ? H o w d i d s h ev i e w t h e budding v i l lage o f Br idgepor t a n d i t s sur round ing c o u n t r y s i d e ? W h y w a ss h e in Br idgepor t in t h e fi r s t p l a c e ?T h e answers to these ques t i ons a re found in TEN YEARS OF MY LIFE by T h e PrincessFel ix SaIm-Salm (also k n o w n as Princess A g n e s J o y SaIm-Salm) p r i n t e d by t h eCour ier Company of Buffalo, N e w York, in 1878.In t h e Preface of h e r autob iography, Pr inces A g n e s J o y Salm-Salm s t a t e d :“ A l a s ! I n m y e a r i s s t i l l r e s o u n d i n g t h e d i n a n d r o a r o f battles, a n d i n m y h e a r t a r es t i l l l inger ing t h e c r ies of t h e wounded a n d t h e heartrending wh ispe red w o r d s of t h edy ing, send ing the i r l a s t greet ings a n d blessings to t h e i r bereaved mothers, wives, orchi ldren...........Inw r i t i n g t h e fo l low ing pages it is n o t myintent ion to w r i t e mybiography. I sha l l o n l y re la te w h a t I have seen a n d observed s ince 1862, t h e y e a r inwh ich I w a s marr ied to Prince Fel ix zu Salm-Salm. This t ime of ten years is one oft he most memorable in history, Including t h e g rea t American c i v i l war, t hecatas t rophe in Mexico, and the fa l l o f t he Napoleonic empi re . DURING THEAMERICAN WAR I WAS ALMOST ALWAYS WITH MY HUSBAND..........” a n d s h e k e p t ad iary of the i r l i fe and travels. ~Agnes Elizabeth Winona Leclerq J o y was born December 25, 1840, in Franklin,Vermont. She marr ied Prince Fel ix Constantin Alexander Johann Nepomuk Mar ie zuzu Salm-Salm on Augus t 30, 1862, in S t . Patr ick’s Cathedral in Washington, D. C. Shed i e d on December 20, 1912, a n d is bur ied at Karlsruhe, Germany. A g n e s J o ySaIm-Salm’s dynam ic persona l i t y comb ined w i t h h e r un ique e x p e r i e n c e s in t h r e em a j o r w a r zones p r o d u c e d a remarkable l i f e !When t h e Amer ican C i v i l Wa r b r o k e out , A g n e s J o y w a s in N e w Yo r k C i t y. In her o w nw o r d s s h e described t h e scenes in b o t h N e w Yo r k a n d Wash ing ton :“Recru i t ing w a s br isk ly ca r r i ed on in N e w York; e v e r y w h e r e t h e goose-stepw a sp r a c t i c e d u n d e r t h e supe r i n tendence o f o f fice rs whose faces one h a d seen q u i t ere ce n t l y behind counters a n d bars. The cente r o f p u b l i c interest a n d cur ios i t y was,however, Washington, a n d t h e t ra ins between t h a t c a p i t a l a n d t h e m e t r o p o l i s w e r ea lways c r o w d e d........A g r e a t r e v i e w of t h e newly- formed caval ry w a s to t a k e p l a c en e a r Washington, a n d g r e a t numbers of N e w Yo r k peop le w e r e anxious to wi tnesss u c h rare s h o w. I w a s as e a g e r a n denthusiast ic as t h e rest , a n da r r i v e dw i t h a numerous company of l a d i e s a n dg e n t l e m e n in Washington. To v i s i t t h ec a m p s a r o u n d Washington w a s t h e n t h e fashion. I t w a s a fi n e d a y w h e n o u r p a r t yd r o v e o v e r t h e Potomac Br idge,a n d t h e Genera lg r e e t e d us in a m o s tp o l i t e , c o r d i a lmanner. ”

A FEMALE’S EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF BRIDGEPORT DURING CIVIL WAR (cont . )

Princess A g n e s J o y Salm-Salm’s exp lana t ion of t h e females’ reason f o r v is i t i ng t h eencampments :“M i l i ta ry en thus iasm was p a r a m o u n t in Washington. The lad ies were n o t l e f tu n t o u c h e d b y t h e p r e v a i l i n g ep idemic ; I n f a c t , t h e y w e r e m o r e e x c i t e d t h a n t h emen, a n dn o tb e i n gp e r m i t t e d to en l i s t themselves t h e y d i d t h e i r utmost toencourage t h e nascentheroes. Civ i l ians h a d t h e n l i t t l e c h a n c e w i t h them. A p o l l oh i m s e l f w o u l dh a v ep a s s e dunno t i cedif he d i dn o t w e a r shoulder-straps. l i e w h oh a s n o t wi tnessed t h i s m i l i t a r y f e v e r w i l l s c a r c e l y bel ieve i t . A l l Iaws of s o c i e t ys e e m e dsuspended, a n d w h a t in p e a c e a b l e t imes w o u l dh a v e b e e n considered v e r yi m p r o p e ra n ds h o c k i n g w a s t h e n t h e o r d e r o f t h e d a y. B o t h s e x e s s e e m e d t o h a v ec h a n g e d p l a c e s . ” .The encampment ’s commander w a s General Louis Blenker (a na t i ve o f Worms,Germany)w h o commanded the German division w h i c h consis ted of about t w e l v ethousand men . Twelve thousand Germans in t h e American Civ i l War? Yes !According to Princess Salm-Salm, t h e outbreak of t h e w a r w a s a godsend to most oft h e Germans (especially t h e Prussians) w h o had refugeed to America a f te r t h eGerman revolutions of 1848 a n d 1849- W W W ” !

- l l ' i i l °

The mi l i ta ry ch ie fs of t h e German revolut ion rose at once to h i g h places, as t h eAmerican Government acknowledged t h e mi l i ta ry r a n k t h e y h a d he ld in the i rhomeland.Short ly a f te r GeneralBlenker welcomed h i s visitors, t he General’s ch ie f of s t a f f !Colone lPr ince SaIm-Salm(a m a n of about 30years), entered t h e tent.(Pr ince F e l i xzu SaIm-Salm w a s a y o u n g e rs o n of t h e re ign ing Pr ince zu Salm-Salmof Prussia. The Sa lms be longed to o n e of t h e o ldes t d y n a s t i c fami l ies of Germany.A f t e r t h e dea th of h i s father, t h e y o u n g Pr ince was g i v e n h i s inheri tance wh ich hes o o n spent . l i e t h e n went fi r s t to Par is a n d then to Amer ica in 1861.)Though h i s movements were elegant a n d pleasant, he came across as bashful w h i c happea led to t h e ladies including Miss Agnes J o y w h o “ f e l t part icular ly a t t rac ted byt h e face of t h e Prince.” She s ta ted “ i t w a s evident my f a c e h a d t h e same e f fec t onhim.” They continued to s e e each, “ t h e swee t ma lady increased,” a n d t h e Princep r o p o s e d . T h e y w e r e marr ied i n A u g u s t 1862 a t S t . Pat r ick ’s Cathedral i nWashington. Witness f o r t he i r Cathol ic ceremony w a s an int imate friend, Colonelv o n Corvin, another American mi l i tary leader a n d a nat ive of Germany as we l l . (Thev o n Corvins a n d t h e Prince a n d Princess l a t e r traveled t o g e t h e r as t h e American Civ i lWa r progressed.) yPrincess Agnes Joy Salm-Salm sta ted: “ I t is sa id that ladies have a very greatinfluence in t h e United States, a n d I th ink it is so . A reason the influence of ladies inAmerica is even g r e a t e r t h a n in o t h e r count r ies m a y pe rhaps be t h a t t h e y a r e as ar u l e v e r y p re t t y a n d clever.......To k e e p t h e h e a r t c o o l i s , I suppose, t h e k e y to t h eAmerican Iadies’secre t . ”

9

PRINCESS FELIX SALM-SAIJI.

“ I soon became aware t h a t we c o u l dnever s u c c e e d m u c h i n Americaw i thou t t h e h e l p of influent ia l friends,a n d w h i l s t my husband d i d h i s d u t y int h e fi e l d I t r i e d t o w i n t h e g o o d o p i n i o na n d k i n d Interest of men w h o m i g h t besupposed to be able to assist him.Amongs t t h e fr iends I m a d e w a s N e wYo r k Senator Harr is.”When Prince Salm-Salm was about tobe dismissed by Secretary of WarStanton, the Princess journeyed toN e w York in t h e company of SenatorHarris, mana g e d an audience w i t h N e wYo r k Governor Morgan, p led he r case,and obtained a commission as colonelof t he 8 th Regiment fo r he r Germanborn husband. (When th is commissionexpired, s h e aga in p l e d h e r case beforel l l ino is Governor Richard. Gov. R i c h a r dw a s s o i m p r e s s e d w i t h t h e Princesst h a t he n o t o n l yg a v e Pn'nce F e l i xacommission, he a l s o g a v e t h e Pr incessa c o m m i s s i o n a s a n Honorary Captain.)T h e Princess a c c o m p a n i e d h e rhusband through the duration of t h eCiv i l War. Pr ince Fel ix w a s appo in tedto lead t h e 6 8 t h Regiment of NYVolunteers, a n d on June 8, 1864, t h ePrince a n d his'troops were m o v e d toNashville, Tennessee. In J u l y, s h etraveled to Nashvil le “accompanied bymy m a i d a n d J immy my dog, who hadbecome my inseparable compan ion . Id i d n o t fi n d my husband, f o r h i s

reg iment had marched south toAlabama. S a l m m a n a g e d to p a y me ane i g h t days’ v i s i t at Nashville, r id ing a l lt h e w a y on horseback.” He convincedh i s w i f e to return to Washington, b u tshe d id no t l inger there long.“Traveling alone w a s in those times,f o r a young lady, ne i ther very e a s y orsa fe . l w a s therefore very m u c hp leased w h e n Mrs . Corvin a c c e p t e dm y p r o p o s i t i o n t o accompany m e t oM where Salm'sr e g i m e n t w a s e n c a m p e d o n a n is landformed by t h e Tennessee Rive r. ” Theyl e f t Washington on October 1, 1864;h e r descr ip t ion of t he i r t r a i n t r i p isIncredible. Her d o g J immy jumped o f ft h e train. She pu l l ed t h e emergencyc o r d “ Ius t i l y, ” a n d t h e t r a i n s topped.The cap t a i n in command ran anxiouslyto learn t h e reason a n d “ w a s incl inedto be angry, but seeing my distress, t h et ra in stopped un t i l my p e t arr ivedpant ing f rom such an unusual exertion,and amid t h e good-natured laughter oft h e soldiers, t h e dear deserter wasrestored to me.” She stated: “ Wearrived at las t at Bridgeport station,wh ich w a s about one and a ha l f m i lesf r o m Salm’s camp. The soldiers of t h epo r t , o n hear ing m y name, p r o c u r e d a tonce an ambulance and, at t h e sametime, a breakfast w h i c h we neededv e r y m u c h . We arr ived soon in t h ecamp, a n d l w a s happy to be a g a i nw i t h my d e a r husband.”

“The reg imen t w a s encamped on anis land in t h e nob le Tennessee River.T h e railroad go ing to Chattanoogacrosses t h i s is land by means of t w obr idges. T h a t nex t to Br idgepor t i s aremarkable structure. T h e banks onb o t h s ides a r e h i g h , a n d c o n n e c t e dw i t h beams on w h i c h r u n t h e rai ls, a n dabou t 3 0 fee t b e l o w i s t h e r a t h e r l o n gbr idge f o r ho rse c a r s . 10

\ r , _ /

A FEMALE’S EYEWITNESSACCOUNT OF BRIDGEPORT DURING THE CIVIL WAR(Cont)

“ The (Long) Is land w a s no t large, b u t conta ined t w o or three farms,a nd w a s most ly covered w i t h beautiful trees, enlivened by a greatvariety of pretty birds.......ln rainy weather it was by no meanspleasant, b u t when t he sun w a s shining a more del ight fu l p l a ce cou ldsca rce l y be found anywhere . R igh t oppos i t e t h e camp, on t h esouthern bank of t h e river, rose a ra t he r h i gh wooded r idge, t h e s lopesof wh i c h we re a lways haunted by rebels w h o thence cou l d l o o k r i g h ti n t o o u r c amp . ” .“ T h e camp wa s extended on a meadow no t f a r f r om t h e nor thern bankof t h e r i ve r. I t w a s no t l a i d o u t w i t h m u c h regular i ty, on account oft h e cond i t ion o f t h e ground , a n d looked q u i t e roman t i c . As i t w a se x p e c t e d t h a t w e w o u l d r ema i n the re a g o o d while, t h e sold iers h a dma d e themselves as comfortable as poss i b l e . There w a s p lenty ofwo o d a n d a saw-mi l l in Bridgeport.......and many shanties rose amongs tt h e tents, serv ing ei ther as bureaus or as quarters f o r officers. At abeautiful p l ace f rom which t h e camp cou ld be overlooked, Sa lm had bu i l tq u i t e a s ta te l y building. It was about 30 fee t long, s t ood somewhat above t h eg r o u n d on poles, l i k e a sanitary barrack, had in f ront a verandah, and containedthree compar tments . The la rges t was ou r saloon, and to i t s r i g h t and le f t were twosmal ler apartments, one serving as a bedroom fo r me and Salm, and the other f o rMadame von Corvin. The saloon had in f ron t a g lass door a n d two windows, a n dcontained a l so a firep lace of ra ther p r im i t i v e construction, f o r when it ra ined ha rdt h e fi r e was frequently ex t i ngu ished by I t.......Behind o u r pa l a ce w a s bu i l t ak i tchen......Further back amongst t h e trees we re some bui ldings f o r t h ecommissariat, a n d a barrack se r v i ng as a hosp i ta l . ”“ W W I found i t in ave ry miserable state, f o r t h e doc to r w h om my husband found on h i s r ecen t arr ival ,w a s a r a t h e r ca re less man, a n d though t m o r e o f h i s o w n com fo r t a n d p r o fi t t h a n t h a to f t h e pa t i en t s . The s tewa rd a n d nurses we r e no t better, a n d i t w a s found theyfrequently app rop r i a ted t h e g o o d th ings furnished f o r t h e s i c k.......Most o f t hem w e r esuffering f r om ague or mal ignan t fevers. I w a s ind ignant at t h i s s ta te of affairs, a n dat once took care to remedy i t . The nex t s tep was to p r o c u r e wa rm clothes,blankets, etc., and also wholesome food f o r t h e pat ients,W

_ ' _ _ r _ ' - . ‘ ' ' . _ In tha t place, I foundagen ts of the Christian Commission, and on applying to them, Ww i t h a g o o d supply of clothes and eatables ( the more valuable of t h e provisions.) Thesoldiers had to be sa t i s fied w i t h s a l t p o r k a n d hard tack , f o r bread w a s no t to be h a dei ther. The officers were not much better o f f . Sa lm dined w i t h h i s officers, a nd ifsome fish, bird, or f resh butcher ’s meat had been procured, it w a s reserved f o r o u rdinner.” a 11

l ----- 1 ‘ : 1 “ ' o I [ ‘ 3 ' : l " ' . l ' I O ’ J I ‘ .

A FEMALE’S EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF BRIDGEPORT DURING THE CIVIL WAR(Cont)“ T h e Wa r had exhausted t h e country ; c a t t l e w e r e ex t r eme l y rare, a n d f r e sh mea t _/w a s n o t to be had at al l . . . . . . . l t w a s a for tunate circumstance t h a t we had p len t y ofsal t , f o r we cou ld p r o c u r e as mu c h as we l i ked above ou r allowance f r om t h ecommissariat at Bridgeport f o r about t w o cents a pound , a nd t h a t s a l t w a s t h e a r t i c l emos t desired by t h e rebels around......The news t ha t we had a surp lus of t h i s p r e c i o u sa r t i c l e sp read ,a n d ve r y soon we s a w many rebe l women arr ive w h o we re eage r t oexchange t he i r p r o d u c e f o r s a l t.......These p o o r rebe l fami l ies came frequent ly f r om adistance of 10 or 20 mi les in sea r ch of s a l t......These peop le looked ve r yunhappy.....The fe l t humiliated t ha t necess i t y compe l l ed t h em to app l y to us, a n d wenever heard o n e laugh , n o r e ven s a w t h em smi l e . They a l l behaved, however, w i t h ace r t a i n d ign i t y wh i c h d i d no t f a i l to p r o d u c e a favorable e f f e c t on o u r soldiers, w h ogenera l l y t r ea ted t hem w i t h kindness............. N o t f a r f r om o u r c am p a man, of t h ename o f Hil l , h ad a g o o d farm, b u t a s Mrs. H i l l h ad made herse l f s u sp i c i o u s by sav i n gh e r bro ther f r om t h e rebe l recru i t ing officer, the i r house had been destroyed, a nd t h ewho l e fami ly of 6 or 8, l ived in a one-roamed, mos t miserable log-house. They hadsucceeded in preserving a f e w horses a n d cows, a n d Mrs. Hi l l , a r a t he r p re t t y a n dmer ry young woman, so ld us w i t h p leasu re some we lcome m i l k..... .....Ou r p o s i t i o nw a s m u c h e x p o s e d and fu l l o f dange r.......T h e pon toon br idge l a i d over t h e Tennesseef o r a rmy purposes was guarded by a p icke t , a nd p r o t e c t e d by two g o o d blockhousesp r o v i d ed w i t h guns; a n d on t he southern s i de o f t h e river, on a command ingeminence, was WmWM situated on t h e h i gh nor thern bank of t h e Tennessee, cons is tedoriginal ly of on l y a f e w houses a n d a sawm i l l nea r t h e r iver; b u t in w a r t i m e it had \ !become mu c h enlarged by a spac i ous fie ld hosp i ta l a n d many o the r mi l i ta ry woodenbui ldings, mos t l y serv ing as magaz ines f o r t h e prov i s ions and as dwel l ings f o r t h eofficers connected w i t h the commissariat. In a house on t he h ighes t p o i n t t h ecommande r o f t h e post , Colonel Tay lo r, command ing a Kentucky reg iment , h a destablished h i s headquarters.......The on l y fami ly unconnec ted w i t h t h e troops l i v ingat Br idgeport , w a s t ha t of a c le rgyman of t h e name of Gilford. The i r dwel l ing-houses t o o d on t h e t o p of t h e before-mentioned r idge , b u t be i ng the re r i g h t in t h e m i d s t oft h e rebels, a n d no t feel ing sa fe amongs t t h em on accoun t of h i s Un i o n tendencies, heh a d l e f t t he r e a n d w a s l i v i ng n o w in a wo o d e n house, w h i c h he h a d ma d e r a t h e rcomfortable w i t h t h e furni ture ca r r i ed o v e r f r om h i s dwe l l i ng on t h e h i l l . H i s w i f ea n d grownup daugh te rs we re ve r y ag reeab le persons, a nd we passed w i t h t h em man yp l e a s a n t evenings. They we re n o t t h e on l y lad ies in Br idgepor t , f o r a Cap t .Armstrong of t h e commissariat had h i s w i f e w i t h him, a n d t w o o ther ladies w e r ea t tached to t he Christian Commission......We had frequent visits, a t tempted even tog i v e dinners, a n d in t h e evening we had general ly company. We played a rubber ofwhist, a n d Groeben brewed a very acceptab le eggnog or punch, f o r t h e w i nefurnished by o u r sutler, though he charged $3 .00 a bott le, w a s a mise rab lec om p o u n d........We rece i ved n o w a n d t h e n v i s i t s f r om t h e g e n e r a l s s ta t i oned a tStevenson or Chattanooga. (They even ma d e one p leasu re excurs ion to LookoutMountain.) On Sundays we went to church in Bridgeport a nd heard ra ther proseysermons, a nd on o t he r days we h a d enough to do w i t h o u r hospi ta l , w h i c h h a d a l readyassumed qu i t e a different a s p e c t . ” 12

\ \ _ /A FEMALE’S EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF BRIDGEPORT DURING THE CIVIL WAR (con t )“Gene ra l G range r i n v i t ed us t o i n t e r r up t t h e mono tony o f o u r l i f e by v i s i t s t oStevenson, w h i c h w e r e n o t w i t h o u t dange r, a n d pe r hap s f o r t h a t r eason mo r etemp t i ng . Wheneve r we wa n t e d to m a k e s u c h an excursion, l t e l eg raphed my o l df r i end Genera l Meager, command ing then in Chat tanooga, to send me a locomotive,w h i c h he neve r fa i led to do, in s p i t e o f t h e g rumb l ing o f t h e o ffice rs in charge o f t h era i l road depa r tmen t . We t o o k t h e p recau t i on o f t a k i n g w i t h us 10 o r 12 soldiers, w h ow i t h t h e i r g uns ready, wa t c hed t h e woods as we passed t hem . Such a t r i p w a sa lways exc i t ing. . . . . . . .Genera l Granger t r ea ted us w i t h t he fi n e mus i c of h i s hands andmos t exqu is i te dinners, f o r t h e General w a s a bon vivant . Stevenson i t se l f i s ani ns i gn i fi can t p l a ce , s t r e t ch i ng a l ong a mos t dreary ba re hi l l , b u t wh i c h l ooked t h e nqu i t e grand, on account o f t h e grea t number o f m i l i t a r y w o o d bu i ld ings . ”“ F r om t h e a rm y we heard on l y vague repor ts . . .......At l a s t on December 18, n ew sar r i ved o f g r e a t v i c to r ies ach ieved by o u r a rm y.....Hood ’s a rm y w a s r e po r t e d as be i n gin f u l l retreat, a n d we e x p e c t e d t h em eve r y moment to appea r be fo re Br idgepor t .T w o g u n b o a t s a r r i v e d f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f o u r Island, a n d Co l o n e l s Ta y l o r a n d Co r v i nw e r e b u s y w i t h s t reng then ing Br idgepor t as m u c h as poss i b l e a n d in d ispos ing o f t h ef e w t roops l e f t in t h a t p lace. . . . ......T h e g lo r ious n ew s w a s confirmed; Genera l Thomashad beaten Hood on t h e 15th and16th, in t w o grea t ba t t l e s near Nashv i l le . At t h esame t ime, t h e 68 t h Reg imen t r e ce i v ed orde rs to m a r c h to Stevenson, a n d w a i t t he ref o r t h e i r c o l one l and Genera l Steedman. T h e order, o f course, p r o du ced g rea texcitement, f o r t h e r e g imen t h a d been on t h e Is land a bou t n i ne mon t h s a n devery th ing the soldiers had arranged f o r t h e i r comfo r t had to be l e f t behind.......Thedetachments f r om Fort Pr ince Salm, Whiteside, and Shellmoundhad to be reca l led .We prepa red a farewel l co l la t ion f o r ou r officers and s a w t h em o f f w i t h regret . Theempty camp offered a ve ry cheer less aspec t t h e day af terwards. When we rece ivedt h e news t h a t General S teedman w i t h 15 t ra i ns wou l d ar r ive on t h e 23rd inStevenson, and t h a t he expec ted to fi n d us a l l there, I w a s exceeding ly g lad, f o r Iw a s to see aga in my dea r husband af te r a t ime fu l l of danger. I t w a s good t h a t Ireceived t h e news of t h e bat t les fought a f t e r t hey we re over, and toge the r w i t h t h a tof Sa lm ’s sa fe t y, or I wou l d have f e l t g rea t anx ie ty. . . . . . .Sa lm w a s beam ing w i t hhappiness, no t a lone on account of o u r mee t i ng , b u t because he at l a s t h ad figh t i ngto h i s hear t ’s content, a nd an oppor tun i t y to d i s t i ngu i sh h imse l f.....We re t u r ned toBr idgepor t , fee l ing ex t r eme l y p r oud a n d happy......To ce lebra te Christmas, a n d t h ev ic tor ies , we d ressed o u t o u r h ou se a n d i t s ve randah w i t h ho l l y. Corv in w e n t f o rm i s t l e t oe a n d b r ough t o n e bu s h at l eas t f o u r f e e t in d iameter. . .We passed a ve r yme r r y Chr i s tmas Eve a t Gi l ford’s in Br idgepor t , w h o gave us a sp lend id suppe r.Co r v i n brewed severa l ga l lons o f m u c h apprec ia ted wh iskey pun ch w i t h t h e he l p o fl emon pee l , p r e se r ved pineapples, van i l la essence, a nd suga r. On Chr is tmas Day wear ranged a s im i la r f eas t in o u r quar te rs ”...... . In 1865, Pr inces Agnes J o y S a l m s t a r t e df o r Wash ing ton - o n c e aga in in sea rch of a p romo t i on f o r h e r husband.. . . ”As I h a df r i ends amongs t t h e gove rno rs a nd senators, I hoped t h e y w o u l d e xe r t t h e i r i nfluencein my husband’s in terest . . . . l t he re fo re s t a r t ed on February 24 (1865) f o r Wash ing ton ,car ry ing w i t h me t h e g o o d w i shes and hopes of t h e br igade . ” WHAT A LADY! WHATAN INTERESTING LIFEll A n d then there a r e h e r exper iences in Mex i co and dur ing t h eFrench/German wa r s . H e r b o o k he l p s t h e r eade r t u r n b a c k t h e pages of t i m e . 13

RENEWMEMBERSHIPJA NUARY I

MEMBERSHIP DUES NEW OR RENEWALANNUAL DUES - $10.00LIFE MEMBERSHIP - $100.00

MEMORIALS AND HONORARIUMS ARE WELCOMED

JACKSON COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONP. O. BOX 1494SCOTTSBORO, AL 35768-1494

~ Please provide:

STATE ZIPNEW RENEWAL

The membership year begins January 1. Any dues received before October 1 willbe for the current year. Dues received after October 1 will accrue to the followingyear. Members receive the JACKSON COUNTY CHRONICLES quarterly inJanuary, April, July, and October.

J.C.H.A. BOOK FOR SALEThe Jackson County Historical Association has republished THE HISTORY OFJACKSON COUNTY, ALABAMA by John R. Kennamer, Sr., 1935 edition. Theprice of the book is $20.00. If mailing is required, please add $3.00 for each bookorder. Allow ten (10) days for processing. Please complete the following orderblank and mail to:

HISTORY BOOKP.O. BOX 1494SCOTTSBORO, AL 35768-1494

STREETSTATE ZIP TELEPHONE

JACKSON COUNTYCHRONICLES

lllllllME12. NUMBER3 l33ll-lllll-2348 I l l “ 2000

JACKSON COUNTY HISTORICALASSOCIATION WILL MEETSUNDAY. JULY 30,2000, 2:00pm, Scottsboro Public Library. The Bob Jones Symposium Committee has finalized plans for theSymposium and it is scheduled as the program i l l July. Dr. David Campbell will introduce the guestspeakers for the Symposium honoring the late Congressman Robert E. Jones. They will includeAttorney Robert Dawson and retired Judge John David Snodgrass. Attorney Dawson will review thelate Congressman’s legislative agenda and his many accomplishments and Judge Snodgrass willshare personal and political aspectsof his life and service to people. Following their presentations Dr.Campbell will show his documentary film, “Bob Jones: A Congressional Legacy”. The SymposiumCommittee and Program Vice-President Patty Woodall invite all members and their guests tojoin usaswe celebrate a man recently called “The most eITective Congressman ever from the State ofAlabama”.

PRESIDENT’SMESSAGE: Ann Chambless is enjoyingawell deserved trip to Irelandsoshe wasnot here to compile this issue of THE JACKSON COUNTY CHRONICLES. She should return intime for the July JCHA meeting.

DRENDA KlNG, PRESIDENT

JACKSON COUNTY HISTORICALASSO. NON-PROFITORGANIZATIONPOSTOFFICE BOX 1494 US. POSTAGE PAIDSCOTTSBORO,AL 35768 PERMIT NO. I I

ADDRESS CORRECTIONREQUESTED

HOUSE OF HAPPINESS PIANO" \ _ /

As many people know, the House of Happiness was begun in the early 1920’s byMiss Augusta Benning Martin in Sauta Bottom,Jackson County. It began asamission of the Episcopal Church of the Dioceseof Alabama and functioned asan all!inclusive school, daycare, orphanage and church. People in need who had little orno work began to work for Miss Mart in to build the House of Happiness and earnfood, clothing and medical care for themselves and their families. It is difficult forus to realize today what an impact this ministry must have had on the locals during atime when many of these isolated people were barely surviving. Stories from peoplewho experienced life and time at the House of Happiness reflect their love andgratitude for “a handful of people who felt that God wanted them there”. (Long,1973,Preface).

Ultimately two buildings were constructed which were the main dwelling and aschool/church building near Birdsong Spring. This spring supplied water to theHouse of Happiness by a bucket on a rope pulley from the spring to the house. Thespring isstill in existence and well cared for today. Apparently the mission wasnamed the House of Happiness by Miss Mart in after an orphan child named Rosasaid, “This is shore a happy house!” (Long, 1973,p. 2). For the first seven yearsMiss Martin led the work at the mission which was carried on for 23 more years bythe Church Army and others.

Eventually this property was purchased by BeatriceSmith Abercrombie Calahand,a sister to Samuel Lester Smith. Beatrice Smith was one of the first students taughtby Miss Martin, and Lester Smith attended the House of Happiness School fromapproximately 1925 thru 1927. S. Lester Smith inherited the property from hissister at her death. Mrs. Stella Mae Smith, wife of the late Samuel Lester Smith, hasdonated an original House of Happiness piano to the JCHA. Although there wereseveral pianos, the Smith family (E.l(. Smith, personal communication, June 12,2000), believes that the donated piano came from the dwelling building. It will behoused by the JCHA in the Scottsboro Freight Depot. Copies of texts by SamuelLester Smith and Campbell Long will also beavailable at the Depot for visitors toread more about The House of Happiness.

The JCHA extends their thanks to the Smith family for this valued artifact!

Drenda King

Long,Campbell (1973). The House of Happiness Story. Selma Printing Press.

Smith, Samuel Lester (1991). Some of the Things I Remember About the SmithFamily: Books I& I I . Scottsboro, AL: Author.

SAVINGGRAVESDavidCampbell

They are some of our best sources of history, and they can tell usabout family genealogy, folklore, folk art, customs, religion, economics,or education. A one-lineinscription on one of their stones can inspire anovel in our minds about why the words were written. At other times,the lack of words on their stones silently speaks volumes to us. Theyvividly remind usof o u r connection with al l people both past andpresent.

They are the small family or community cemeteries that existthroughout Jackson County, Alabama, and the United States. And fordecades they have fallen on hard times. They often have beenneglected,displaced due to development, or sometimes even intentionallyvandalized, their objects plundered for antiques or conversation pieces.As has been noted,America in many ways has become a “throw-away”society and in all too many cases this applies to the graves of ourancestors aswell.

Fortunately, there is a growing movement in the United States tosave and preserve rural cemeteries. The recently formed organizationnamed “SavingGraves” isat the forefront of this movement. “SavingGraves” is a free-access Internet online resource dedicated to theprotection and preservation of endangered cemeteries. The “SavingGraves” Website can befound on the Internet athttp://www.savinggraves.com/.

“SavingGraves” offers some good advice about what we can dolocally to protect and preserve ou r often-abandoned rural cemeteries.One of the mostimportant things, it is noted, is to simply “te l l yourchildren and grandchildren” about rura l cemeteries of which you maybeaware. This is an important first step in keeping the memory of thatcemetery alive. Then, it is suggested, document in writing what youknow of the cemetery and pass this information along in such a waythat it can/be preserved.

The “SavingGraves” group also recommends getting involved insome way with cemetery preservation, or organizing a local cemeteryprotection association to take care ofa neglected cemetery. As is noted,work at the cemetery doesn’t have to result in a site that looks aswell!

kept asyour front yard; removing debris, cutting weeds, and brusharound the graves is good asan important first-step.

The “Savings Graves” group recommends that interested partiestalk with landowners about protection of abandoned community orfamily cemeteries on their property, and work for compromises withthem that allow access to these sites while respecting their rights asaproperty owner. Most of these landowners, the group notes, are goodpeople who are just trying to”make a living, but who may have liabilityconcerns or have experienced vandalism of property by trespassers inthe past. Communication with the landowner about the importance oftheir cemeteries and offering help in preserving them can often bridgethe gap.

Jackson County is fortunate in that many of ou r ru ra l cemeterieshave been identified and catalogued by such tireless researches asBarryPickett, Jane Nichols,RandyNichols, and Ann Chambless. Indeed,more than 200 cemeteries in Jackson County are listed in theAlGenWeb Archives Website on the Internet athttpzl/www.rootsweb.com/~algwarch/cemetery.htm. The listings, mostsubmitted by Jane Nichols, include a geographic description of thecemetery, its general condition, and a list of the persons buried there bydates of birth and death. The cemetery listings are an invaluable source Vof information and a major first-step toward preserving many neglectedcemeteries in the county.

Jackson County is well represented, also, in a recently publishedatlas of cemeteries throughout Alabama. The atlas isHistoricalAtlas ofAlabama, Volume I I : Cemetery Locations byCounty. The CartographicResearch Laboratory, Department of Geography compiled the atlas atthe University of Alabama. (The entire volume sells fo r sixty dollars, o r ;county information may bepurchased at a lesser price individually.)

Some steps are underway in locatingJackson County’s ruralcemeteries. Still, aswe know many of these cemeteries are in a state ofdisrepair even though they may beat important historical sites.Oftentimes the problem results from citizens or property owners simplynot knowingwhat to do about the cemeteries. The “SavingGraves”organization offers some good advice about how to the preserve thesecemeteries and the rewards of such efforts are enormous. The future ofthis aspect of ou r past rests with those of us in the present.

JACKSON COUNTYCHRONICLES

V0l0ME12, NUMBER4 ISSll-1071-2340 00TOBEB 2000

lAOKS0ll 0000'" IIISTOIIIOMASSO0IATIOIIWlllMEETSUNDAY,00TOBEIl 29. 20002:30 pm , BRIDGEPORT DEPOT MUSEUM. Dav i d Loyd , w h oh a s d i r e c t e d t h e r e n o v a t i o n a n d r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e B r i d g e p o r t D e p o tMuseum, w i l l s h a r e h i gh l i g h t s o f t h e depo t ’ s v i t a l r o l e i n shap i ng t h eh i s t o r y o f B r i dgepo r t . Re f reshmen ts w i l l be s e r v e d . P r og r am V i c ePres iden t Pa t t y Wooda l l i nv i tes y o u to b r i n g a f r i end a n d en j o y aSunday a f t e r noon i n h i s t o r i c d own t own B r i dgepo r t .

J CHA ANNUAL DUES f o r 2001 w i l l be d u e on January 1 ,2001.. P lease m a i l y o u r c h e c k in the amount ol‘ 5" 0 .00 to l‘rcasurer Mar)Ann Parsons. PO. Box 1494. Scottsboro. Al- 35768. to assure receipt ol‘ all quztr‘tcrl)‘ issues ol‘' l ‘ l l l i JACKSON C‘OUN'I‘Y CHRONICLES. I n c l ude n i n e n um b e r z i p c o d e .

ROBERT E. (Bob) Jones, J r .S y m p o s i u m o n J u l y 30, 2000

D r. R o n Dykes , cha i rman of t h e Rober tE. (Bob) Jones Symposium, r e p o r t e dm o r e t h a n 100 in a t tendance f o r t h eJuly meeting and symposiumc o - s p o n s o r e d b y t h e Scottsboro Publ icLibrary. Dr. David Campbellintroduced t h r e e g e n e r a t i o n s o f t h eJ o n e s f a m i l y : R o b e r t E . (Rob) J o n e sI l l a n d h i s son, C a r t e r Jones, a n d t h el a t e B o b Jones ’ brother, Rudolph.D r. C a m p b e l l t h e n introduced Rober tD a w s o n of Wash ing ton , DC, a n dJ u d g e J o h n D a v i d Snodgrass o fHuntsvi l le.Rober t Dawson b e g a n t h e s a l u t e tot h e l a t e R o b e r t E . (Bob) J o n e s ’ l i f ea n d h i s m a n y a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s i n t h eU.S. House of Representa t i ves . M r.Dawson out l ined ten t r a i t s wh ichm a d e Bob Jones one of America’sg rea tes t leg is la to rs a n d pub l i cservants of t h e 20th century.J u d g e John David Snodgrass del iveredp e r s o n a l a n d fami l y anecdotes . Hep o i n t e d o u t t h a t Bob Jonesapp rec i a ted bo th t h e Jackson CountyHis tor ica l Assoc ia t ion a n d t h eScot tsboro Pub l i c L i b r a r y a n ds u p p o r t e d b o t h w i t h h i s t i m e a n d h i sm o n e y because B o b Jones bel ieveds t r o n g l y i n h i s t o r y a n d educa t i on . Hes t a t e d B o b J o n e s l o v e d p e o p l e a n dw a s b l e s s e d w i t h a w o n d e r f u lm e m o r y.Judge Snodgrass closed by reading av e r y approp r ia te p o e m ent i t l ed THEDASH.B O B JONES: A CONGRESSIONALLEGACY, a v i d e o p r o d u c e d b y D r.David Campbel l a n d NortheastAlabama Communi ty Col lege, w a sen joyed by t h o s e in attendance.

THE DASH(Author Unknown)

I r e a d o f a m a n w h o s t o o d t o s p e a kat t h e funeral of h i s f r iend.He referred to t h e da tes on h i stombstonef r o m t h e beginning....to t h e end.H e n o t e d t h a t fi r s t came t h e d a t e o fh i s b i r t ha n d s p o k e o f t h e s e c o n d w i t h tears .B u t h e s a i d w h a t m a t t e r e d m o s t o f a l lw a s t h e d a s h b e t w e e n t h o s e y e a r s .F o r t h a t d a s h r e p r e s e n t s a l l t h e t i m et h a t he s p e n t a l i v e on ea r th ,A n d n o w o n l y t h o s e w h o l o v e d h i mk n o w w h a t t h a t l i t t l e l i n e i s w o r t h .F o r i t maters not, h o w m u c h we o w n :t h e cars, t h e house, t h e c a s h .What mat ters is h o w we l i ve a n d lovea n d h o w w e s p e n d o u r dash.S o t h i n k a b o u t t h i s long a n d hard.A re there th ings you ’d l i ke to change?F o r y o u never k n o w h o w m u c h t i m e isl e f t( Yo u cou ld be at “ d a s h mid-range.”)I f w e c o u l d j u s t s l o w d o w n e n o u g hto consider what ’s t rue a n d r e a la n d a l w a y s t r y to unders tandt h e w a y o t h e r p e o p l e fee l .And . . . . be l e s s q u i c k to a n g e r ;A n d s h o w a p p r e c i a t i o n more;A n d l o v e t h e p e o p l e i n o u r l i v e sl i k e w e ’ v e n e v e r l o v e d be fo re .I f w e t r e a t e a c h o t h e r w i t h r e s p e c t ,A n d m o r e o f t e n w e a r a smi le,remember ing t h a t t h i s s p e c i a l dashm i g h t o n l y l a s t a l i t t l e wh i l e .So, w h e n y o u r eu logy i s be ing r e a dw i t h y o u r l i fe ’s a c t i o n s to rehash. . .Wo u l d y o u b e p l e a s e d w i t h t h e t h i n g st h e y have to s a y abou t h o w y o u s p e n tYOUR D A S H ?2

DERRICK CEMETERYIn fo rma t i on sha red by JCHA Member S u e McLaugh l i n

Progress i s be ing made in t h e res to ra t i on o f t h e Der r i ck Cemeteryl oca ted j u s t eas t o f Ye l l ow Creek on Jackson County Road 8 ,Woodville, Alabama. The fi r s t p lann ing meet ing w a s a t tendedby Joann Thomas Elkin,Wi l l iam D. Page, Marga re t S tephensGurganus , Chery l Gurganus, Rober t Char les McLaughl in , a n d Su eMcLaugh l in .S u e h a s b e e n in t o u c h w i t h t h e owne r s of t h e cemetery s i t e ( TomCobb he i r s a n d Su e Cobb S tewa r t fami ly) , a n d t h e property ownersapprove o f t h i s res to ra t ion pro jec t . Severa l Der r i ck f am i l y .descendants have done bas i c c lean ing at t h e cemetery, b u t m o r ew o r k rema ins to be done. T h e property owners have ag r e e d f o r af e n ce to be p l a ced a round t h e cemetery. A volunteer is needed f o rth is, shou ld f unds be avai lable f o r a f e n c e in t h e n e a r fu ture . ADerr ick Cemetery Fund h a s been establ ished. Donations shou ldbe sent to Der r i ck Cemetery Fund, c l o Fi rs t Nat ional Bank, P. O. Box96, Woodville, Alabama 35776. Wi l l iam D. Page ha s ag r eed tocoord inate t h e cemetery fund w i t h J i m Bu t l e r o f F i rs t Nat iona l Bank .Donat ions o f l abo r a r e a l s o g rea t l y app rec i a t ed .Who is bur ied in t h i s ceme t e r y? Children, grandch i ld ren, a n din- laws of Henry a n d Cather ine (Branner) Der r i ck a r e known to bebur ied here. There ma y be others w h o c a n be ident ified at a l a t e rda t e . Can YOU he lp?Those w h o ha v e insc r ibed ma r k e r s inc lude : S t ephen E. Kennnamera n d h i s w i f e Sa l ina (Derr ick) Kennamer; Wi l l iam Green S tephens a n df o u r o f h i s ch i l d ren inc lud ing Frances Gur ley S tephens ;Wi l l i amLa faye t t e Stephens; Char ley Ben jam in Stephens; a nd He t t i e J aneStephens .S tephen E. Kennamer mar r i ed Sal ina Der r i ck on May 13, 1855.Wi l l iam Green Stephens mar r ied Maria(h) J ane Der r i ck on March 7 ,1849 or 1850. Sal ina a n d Mar ia(h)Jane Derr ick ’s parents, Henry a n dCather ine (Branner) Derrick, w e r e among t h e ear l i es t se t t l e r s ofO l d Woodv i l l e . Hen r y De r r i c k w a s b o r n in 1788 a n d d i e d on J u l y 15 ,1856. Cather ine (Branner) Der r i ck w a s bo rn J u l y 2 , 1791, a n d s h ed i ed on Ma rch 14, 1869. Bo t h Henry a n d Ca the r i ne Der r i ck w e r ebur ied a t t h e i r h ome p lace . 3

CHILDREN OF HENRY a n d CATHERINE (BRANNER) DERRICK

1. MELINDA DERRICK(1810-1895) (bur ied Cen te r Po in t Cemetery)ma r r i e d J o e l S. McClendon (1811-1858) (bur ied L iber ty Cemetery )

2. ANNA DERRICK (1812-1839) ( h e r stones m o v e d to Hodges Cem)ma r r i e d J ohn P. F le tcher

3. CHRISTINA DERRICK(1814-1870) (bur ied Derr ick Cemetery)marr ied John H. Evans (1802-1868) (bur ied Derr ick Cemetery)

4. GEORGE B. DERRICK (1816-1864) (d ied in Nashville, C i v i l Wa r )mar r i ed Mary Edington

5. MASTON D. DERRICK (1819-1840) (possibly bu r ied Der r i ck Cem)

6. WILLIAM DERRICK (1825-1881) (bur ia l unknown)marr ied Cynth ia Jop l i n (1825-1896)

7. LAFAYETTE DERRICK (1827-1896) (bur ied Un ion Cemetery)

8. MARIA(H) JANE DERRICK (1828-1903) (bur ied Un ion Cemetery)ma r r i e d Wm.G. S tephens (1828-1870) (bu r i ed Der r i ck Cemetery)

9. BENJAMIN F. DERRICK(1831-1863) (poss ib ly bu r ied Der r ick Cem)z?

10. SALINA DERRICK (1833-1908) (bur ied Derr ick Cemetery)ma r r i e d S tephen E. Kennamer (1826-1870) (bur ied Der r i ck Cem)

GRANDCHILDREN OF HENRY a n d CATHERINE (BRANNER) DERRICKw h o a r e bu r i ed in Der r i ck Cemetery:1 . J a n e Cather ine a n d Mel inda Ann Derr ick (daughters o f Geo rge B.a n d Mary Ed ington Derr ick. ) (POSSIBLY bur ied Der r i ck Cemetery. )2. James H. F le tcher ( son of Anna Derr ick a n d John Fletcher)3. Ch i ld ren of Wm. G. a n d Mar ia(h) (Derr ick)Stephens previouslyc i t e d on page 3 . 4

ANOTHER C I V I L WAR CASUALTYOr Ne ighbo r A g a i n s t Ne ighbo rCompi led by Ann B. Chambless

T h e C i v i l W a r l e f t m a n y s c a r s in J a c k s o n County, A labama. Manyw e r e t h e r e s u l t o f a c t u a l c o m b a t . O t h e r s c a r s w e r e f r o m d e e ppe rsona l wounds .Whi le t h e s ta te ’s leaders w e r e discussing Alabama’s secess ionf r o m t h e Union, m a n y J a c k s o n Coun t y c i t izens t a l k e d of s e c e d i n gf r o m Alabama a n d a n n e x a t i o n t o Tennessee . Also, t h e r e i s a t l e a s to n e documented reference to Jackson Count ians hav ing cons ideredf o r m i n g t h e F r e e S t a t e o f J a c k s o n { m u c h l i k e w h a t b e c a m e t h eF r e e S t a t e of Winston (County. ) }I n 1861, t h e ave rage landowner in J a c k s o n County o w n e d 40 to 1 2 0a c r e s of land, a n d f e w o w n e d slaves. M o s t of these hardwork ingfam i l i es w e r e sel f -sufficent and, thus, ex t reme ly independent . Theyw e r e n o t a c c u s t o m e d t o depending o n t h e government f o r a n y f o r m o fassistance. The in i t i a l t hough t of fight ing a g a i n s t t h e federa lgove rnmen t to save t h e la rge cot ton farmers ’ s l aves d i d n o t appea l t ot h e independent nature of these hard-working, s m a l l farmers.However, o n c e t h e fi r s t sho ts w e r e fired a n d t h e c a l l to a r m s w a ssounded, sen t imen ts changed . A la rge number o f y o u n g m e nanswered t h e c a l l a n d chose to w e a r t h e gray a n d bear arms f o r t h eConfederate Sta tes of America. Many others chose blue.T h e q u e s t i o n o f p e r s o n a l loya l t i es p i t t e d bro ther aga ins t b ro ther a n dne ighbo r aga ins t ne ighbo r. S u c h w a s t h e c a s e in t h e Mayna rds Covea n d h e a d o f M u d C r e e k c o m m u n i t i e s l o c a t e d n e a r t h e g e o g r a p h i cc e n t e r o f J a c k s o n C o u n t y.B e c a u s e s o m e o f t h e H o l l a n d s a n d G o l d s c o n t i n u e d t o s u b s c r i b eto a n d r e a d w e e k l y newspapers p r i n t e d by p resses in Nor the rns t a t e s s o m e o f t h e i r ne ighbors w e r e “ o f f e n d e d ” a n d v e r b a l l ye x p r e s s e d t h e i r s t rong disapproval . Dur ing t h i s t ime, J a m e sHolland, s o n of John a n d Rhoda Davis Holland, jo ined t h e CSA a n dg a v e h i s l i f e f o r t h e c a u s e h e s u p p o r t e d .A t l e a s t t h r e e s o n s a n d a son- in - law of J o s e p h Sanders j o i n e d t h eUn ion A r m y. V

5

ANOTHERCIV IL WAR CASUALTY (Cont inued)

O t he r fami l i es f r om t h e head o f M u d C reek Commun i t y a l s o sen tt he i r young