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Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew...

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Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties
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Page 1: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Jacksonian America, 1824-45

I). Democratizing America?

II). Religious Fervor

III). Rise of Andrew Jackson

IV). Indian PolicyV). Political

Parties

Page 2: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Things to consider Expansion & reduction of democracy Deepening of slavery Role of government in economic,

social, cultural, national life Mass political movements Religion and politics Indian sovereignty & U.S. democracy

Page 3: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Democratizing America?

-No property -Popular election of

officials-Non-farming groups-Voters chose

electors & Pres-All white male

political equality

Page 4: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Reducing Democracy

-Citizen defined practically as white and male-Women lacked voting rights: treated as male

property, no legal status-Increased oppression of blacks

*Growth of slave codes*Punishment against free blacks*Racial inferiorities “biological”*Slave rebellions

Page 5: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

The Rise of Andrew Jackson

-b.1767: humble birth-Western lawyer-Scots-Irish, farmer-War hero-Indian fighter“Jacksonian Democrats”

Page 6: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

The Politics of Image

-Vote for the party, the policies, the person, or the perception?

-“Populist” image-Emotionalism -Mass politics/parties-Communication &

organization

Page 7: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Election of 1828

Page 8: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Jackson’s Inauguration Party

Page 9: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Jackson Presidency, 1828-1836

-Image of anti-elitism, big gov’t, North East

-Rejected Nat’l Bank & “American Plan”

-Spoils System-Pay back

supporters

Page 10: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Religious Democracy, 1839

Page 11: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Second Great Awakening

I). Methodists & BaptistsA. Rural & WestB. “Choose salvation”C. Pop cultureD. Reformist

1830s Lorenzo Dow

Page 12: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Democratizing religion

-Outlet for women -Church attendance-African Americans -Emotionalism and

evangelicalism -American Political

System-Slavery & women’s

rights

Page 13: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

African American Religion J.L. Kimmel, 1935

Page 14: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Jackson and the Indians

I). Eastern Indians after 1812

II). “Five Civilized Tribes”

III). Georgia

IV). Indian Removal Act

V). Resistance VI). Trail of Tears

Page 15: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Indian Nations after 1812

-British eliminated-Tecumseh defeated-Treaties and land-125,000 Natives-Conflict with states-Assimilation? -Extermination? -Removal?

Page 16: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

“Five Civilized Tribes”

Cherokee Choctaw Chickasaw Creek Seminole

William McIntosh

Page 17: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Cherokee Nation

Constitution Dictionary Cherokee

Phoenix Bilingual Schools &

churches Sequoyah

Page 18: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Georgia and the Cherokee

GA ignored 1827 constitution Jurisdiction over

tribe Farm land Barred from

court Gold, 1829

Page 19: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Indian Removal Act, 1830

Jackson disliked federal-Indian relations

Did not want to void treaties “Save” the Indians from harm East of the Mississippi River Open land for white farmers

Page 20: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Resistance to Removal, 1831-2

Cherokee v. Georgia

-Tribe sued Georgia

-Are Cherokees a

foreign nation? -“Domestic dependent

nations”

-Indians and federal gov’t

Worcester v. Georgia

-Rev. Samuel Worcester-GA arrested him -Sued GA, won in Court

-States lack power on res.

Page 21: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Chief Justice John Marshall

“…one of the great constitutional crises in the history of the nation.”

Jackson Ignored Marshall

Page 22: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Cherokee Removal

Chief John Ross Opposed

removal 16,000

signatures Wife died on

Trail of Tears Chief until 1860s

Page 23: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Trail of Tears

1838: ¼ Died on trip No compensation for property Cold, hunger, disease Some refused to go, remain in GA, NC, TN

Page 24: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Indian Removal

Page 25: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

More Removal to Indian Territory

Page 26: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Conclusions re: Indian affairs

1840s Indian Affairs shift to Plains Most Natives relocated east of

Miss. Seminole Wars in Florida Indian Nations above states Direct relations with federal gov’t.

Page 27: Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew Jackson IV). Indian Policy V). Political Parties.

Conclusions for Jacksonian America

Mass politics Growth and decline of democracy Religious revivalism Importance of Race Indian removal and resistance


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