JACQUES CARTIERThe Beginning of the Fur trade.

By: James, Daniel, and Jon

Algonquian and Iroquoian people were the native Americans who lived in the place now that Quebec city in located.

Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, although quite a few supplemented their diet by cultivating corn, beans, squas, and wild rice.

Algonquian and Iroquoian people

In 1524 Giovanni was asked to find new trading routes

Giovanni de Verrazano was the first to explore the east cost of North America, from South Carolina to Nova Scotia

Giovanni never found what he really wanted but he did discover a new land, and native people on it

Giovanni de Verranzano

December 31, 1491 – September 1, 1557

He was born in Saint-Malo

In 1520 he married Mary Catherine des Granches who was part of a leading family

He was a respectable French explorer, and accompanied Giovanni de Verrazano and his voyages

Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier... What he did Cartier’s role was a navigator.

They were looking for a new passages from North America to the Pacific, called the northwest passage

He led 3 voyages of the exploration to the St. Lawrence region in 1534, 1535-36, and 1541-42.

He is some times credited with the discovery of Canada. He was the first to chart the St. Lawrence River.

Jacques Cartier claimed Canada for France

Jacques Cartier... What he did

Jacques First Voyage He set of on 20 of

April 1534 with 2 ships and 61 men.

it took him 20 days to cross the ocean

He met the aboriginal people and traded with them

In 1534 he landed in Canada

He landed three times on land to traded with the Iroquois during that trip

But the third time he landed he put a 10 meter cross, saying “Long live the King of France”

Jacques First Voyage

Jacques First Voyage Cartier then claimed

the land for his king

Cartier took 2 of the chiefs sons to France

Cartier left thinking he had found Asia

Many of Cartier’s men got scurvy traveling up the river in the winter months

But the men got cured from the white cedar

Jacques First voyage

He went up the saint Lawrence river to look for gold and treasure that the people were talking about

Domagaia told them this story so he was kidnapped to tell the king (one of the two kidnapped)

Treasures!

Two of the ships were sent on their journey home with some of these minerals on September 2

The king of France called it as false as Canadian diamonds worthless fool's gold

Treasures!

Treasures!

Cartier brought also brought back the carrot when he returned to France

On October 17, 1540, Francis the 1st ordered the Breton navigator to return to Canada

He would be "captain general". However, January 15, 1541 saw Cartier supplanted

Jacques Second Voyage

Jacques Second Voyage

He left from France in 1535 with 3 ships and 110 men

The 2 Iroquois were also brought back with them and told them to help them find the villages

On September 4 he landed at l'Île d'Orléans near Stadacona (present day Quebec)

Jacques Second Voyage

He was met by Donnacona the chief

He was relieved to meet his sons but he was still not happy the were taken

Cartier was not allowed to leave unless he left hostages behind in placements for his sons

Jacques Second Voyage

Jacques Cartier sailed to a island described by the Chiefs sons

He found corn which he learned that does not grow in the wild

The Iroquoians welcomed him with open hands

Jacques Second Voyage

The Iroquoian made a feast for them

Gifts were exchanged at the feast and Jacques was introduced to tobacco

He felt that they could also be easily converted to Christianity

Jacques Second Voyage Jacques then went back

When he got back he kidnapped Donnacona, his sons, and 3 other natives

He promised that the king of France would give him gifts

Donnacona latter died in France around 1540 to 1541

Robertval was to lead the expedition, with Cartier as his chief navigator.

While Robertval waited for artillery and supplies, he gave permission to Cartier to sail on ahead with his ships.

Jacques Third voyage

Jacques Third voyage

In May of 1541, Jacques Cartier set sail with 5 ships and 1,500 men and instructions to settle the New World

In his other expeditions he discovered the St Lawrence river

And set up friendly relationships with the Iroquoians

Jacques Third voyage

Jacques built a new fort and named the settlement Charlesbourg Royal

First French

settlement in Canada

The Iroquoian enraged kept it under siege

Jacques Third voyage Within 2 years he fled

He met Robertval who came to the new world with supplies

He brought along people who were trying to avoid persecution in France by coming to the new world

Cartier took his ship when he landed and headed back to France

QUESTIONS???