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By Jade Potter
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Key Frame animation
Keyframe animation is a form of animation
created by drawing individual key frames
and linking them together.
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Gertie the dinosaurGertie the dinosaur is a Keyframe
animation made by WindsorMcCay in 1914.
It was created by using thousands ofpieces of rice paper sized 6.5 by8.5 inches.
He hired his neighbour John A.Fitzsimmons who was an artstudent. Johns job was to drawthe background for the animation.He had to very carefully retracethe rocks, lake and trees from amaster drawing onto every pieceof rice paper.
Windsor McCay used Kay frameanimation and many others tocreate Gertie the Dinosaur.Another key technique he usedwas Limited animation. He usedthis by re-using some of hisdrawings in shots instead of re-
drawing them for every scene.Gertie the dinosaur has pioneered the
future by being the first animationto make it onto celluloid. Alsowhen creating this animation lotsof new techniques werediscovered such as Limited
animation which is now used a lotin animations.
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Cel Animation
Cel animation is made by creatinglots of tiny cels and puttingthem together to create ananimation. A cel is created iscreated by getting a sheet of
transparent cellulose acetatethis is used as the medium forpainting the animation frames.It must be transparent so thatyou can place it on top of othercels such as the backgroundand then it must be photograph
this is done hundreds of timesthen put together to create ananimation, This is often used tomake cartoons. This idea wasfirst developed in 1914.
Cel animation allows theanimators to save time andmoney. It helped them savethis by using repeat cycle.Repeat cycle is when you
replay a scene over and overagain such as if you hadsomeone talking you wouldonly have to create it oncethen repeat it.
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The Little Mermaid
The Little Mermaid was
made in 1989 by Walt
Disney productions. It
was based on the HansChristian Andersen fairy
tale of the same name.
Cel animation was very
beneficial when making
this animation because it
saves money and time.Also because the
background is very
similar throughout they
could keep the same
background throughoutinstead of having to keep
drawing it.
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Synchronized Sound
In the 1960s Synchronizedsound was firstdeveloped and used inanimations.
Synchronized sounds wherethe first time that soundswhere properly used inanimations. Before theywhere developed
cartoons where eithersilent or had backgroundmusic which was oftenplayed by musicians live.
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Steamboat Willie
Steamboat Willie was made in 1928by Walt Disney productions andthe story was written by WaltDisney and Ub lwerks.
This animation was different becausefor the first time Synchronized
sounds were used. It progressedsilent animation and pioneered thefuture by creating animations withsounds that can create laughterand more involvement in theanimation.
Limited animation was used so thatmoney and time could be saved.Instead of having to redraw everyscene some could be used again.For example; when Mickey iswhistling they can just repeat that
part over and over again. Also thebackground could be kept thesame so they didnt need toredraw every scene every time.
The animation used sound to make itmore funny and effective. They didthis because it added laughter,captured the audience andbrought something fresh and newto the animation world whichincreased the popularity of Disneyanimations.
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Colour animations
Animators started to
use full colour for their
animations rather
than black and whitein 1931.
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Snow White
Snow White was made in1937 by Walt Disneyproductions. It was basedupon a German fairy talecalled Snow White byThe Brothers Grimm.
Snow White was new toother animations becauseit was one of the first fullcolour animations. It
pioneered the full colouranimations which aretypical for our modernday animations.
Snow White is classed asthe greatest Disneyanimation of all time. It isstill a much loved, familyfavourite around theworld. Disney have evenre-released the film but inhigher definition andclearer colours becauseof its ever growing
popularity.
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TV and Saturday morning
cartoonsThe rise of TV in the 1950s and1960s, and the rise ofSaturday morning cartoonseffected animation because itshowed that things could be
created cheaply, quickly andsimply but still gain a largeaudience. Some of themethods created are still usedto today. If you look at manySaturday morning cartoons
they are very simple with only24 frames per second usedand small movements such as,Mouths or eyes.
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Yogi Bear
Yogi Bear was made in 1961 by HannaBarbera.
Limited animation was used a greatdeal in making the cartoonsbecause a lot of it was repeat. If youlook at the cars in the background
you will see they are the same buton a loop. This is used to save timeand money when producing. Also itis a lot quicker to repeat or reusesomething instead of redrawing iteach time you need it. Thesecartoons have helped influencefuture animations by using
techniques in a very new way. Theyhave shown that very simpleanimations still capture a largeaudience and that not everythinghas to be moving, often people willbe looking at the moving object andnot look further into the animation.
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CGI
CGI stands for Compute
generated imagery. It is a
process in which to
create animations by
using computer graphics.
CGI over took Cel
animation.
One of the main successful
animations companies
that uses CGI is Pixar.
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Toy Story
Toy Story was made in1995 by Pixar.
It was new and different toany other animation
because it was made fullyfrom CGI. CGI is now oneof the most popularmethods to use.
Toy Story was and still isone of the most popularCGI created animationsof all time.
Disney shut down their celdrawing animationstudios in 1990 becausethere was no longer a
market for this form ofanimation.
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Youtube, the internet, and
Amateur Animation
Youtube, the internet, cheap
cameras and cheap
editing have opened new
opportunities for amateur
animators by letting them
try out new techniques
and allowing instant
feedback. Also for some it
gives them a chance toget noticed by companies
and other animators.
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Salad Fingers
Salad Fingers was created in2004 by David Firth.
The animation is different to theothers in the past because it
is very simple yet effective. Ituses techniques from thepast but in a new way; suchas the idea of only movingone object like in Saturdaymorning TV. The difference
with this is it is all computerdrawn and is very basic.
The animation was verysuccessful worldwide.
Amateur animators are usingYoutube to broadcast theirwork and get instantfeedback. Also they are usingit as a way of showing offtheir work. It can help themget famous and noticed.
Youtube helps people gain alarge, worldwide audience.