Jain scriptures aagama

JAIN SCRIPTURES

dineshvora

AAGAMA GRANTHAS

POORVA GRANTHAS

JAIN VEDA

JAIN BIBLE

COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES

JAIN SCRIPTURES

CONTENTS

Section Title and Page Number

[Section A] AAGAMA GRANTHAS (Divya-dhwani scriptures) – P4

[1] ANGA-GRANTHAS (Anga-scriptures) – P6

[2] ANGA-BAAHYA-GRANTHAS (Anga-external-scriptures) – P10

[2A] ANGA-BAAHYA GRANTHAS (Per Digambara sect) – P11[2B] ANGA-BAAHYA GRANTHAS (Per Swetaambara sect) – P13

[Section B] POORVA-GRANTHAS (Pre-existed Scriptures) – P22

[Section C] JAIN VEDA – P24

[Section D] JAIN BIBLE – P27

[Section E] COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES – P31

CONTENTS 2 0F 33 DINESH VORA

JAIN SCRIPTURES 3 0F 33 DINESH VORA

[Section A] AAGAMA GRANTHAS (Divya-dhwani scriptures): (1 of 2 pages)

The Aagama means the dictum of Aapta i.e. the "DIVYA

DHWANI" (divine sound or voice) of the lord teerthankara. In this case

that of lord Mahavira, the twentyfourth, and last teerthankara of the

present era. Jain Scriptures, as listened, recorded, and compiled into

twelve volumes by eleven chief disciples of Lord Mahavira, called

Ganadharas, led by chief ganadhara Indrabhuti Gautama, are called

Anga-granthas. This is the Jain canon and is called GANIPITAKA. The

Ganipitaka used to be kept in the temple chest, locked, and under the

watchful eyes of authorities. This invaluable religious treasure was

passed on by the Ganadharas to the subsequent heads of Sramana Jain

Sangha. The Jain canon is known with different names as Ganipitaka,

Aagma, Anga-granthas, Anga-pravista, Dwaadashaanga i.e. twelve

limbed scripture. The sound emanating from the Kevalagnaana i.e. the

ultimate true knowledge of the lord Teerthankara or the voice of the lord

Teerthankara is called "DIVYA DHWANI", divine sound, or divine voice.

Such divine sound was understandable and interpretable by any soul in

any life form anywhere in the universe.

JAIN SCRIPTURES

AAGAMA GRANTHAS - POORVA GRANTHAS - JAIN VEDA -

JAIN BIBLE – COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES

DINESH VORA

[Section A] AAGAMA GRANTHAS 4 0F 33 DINESH VORA

JAIN SCRIPTURES AAGAMA GRANTHAS – POORVA GRANTHAS - JAIN VEDA - JAIN BIBLE – COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES

[Section A] AAGAMA GRANTHAS (Divya-dhwani scriptures): (CONT’D 2 OF 2)

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The comprehension of the divine message depended on the

physical karmic condition of that particular soul. Lord Mahavira

preached in Ardha-maagadhi language. The original Anga-granthas,

and subsequent Anga-baahya-granthas were written in Ardha-

maagadhi language. The overall original Jain religious scriptures are

grouped into following two categories:

[1] Anga-granthas, original recorded divya-dhwani, and

[2] Anga-baahya-granthas, written, and elaborated by those who

were closer to Teerthankara, and/or Aagama (recorded

divya-dhwani), by distance, and time. Though they are not

Ganadhara authored scriptures but have found acceptance

as the aagama granthas.


JAIN SCRIPTURES AAGAMA GRANTHAS – POORVA GRANTHAS - JAIN VEDA -JAIN BIBLE – COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES

[1] ANGA-GRANTHAS: (Anga-scriptures) (1 of 4 pages)

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The following are the twelve angs, or limbs or anga-granthas of

the Aagama scriptures of Jainism.

(1) AACHAARAANGA SOOTRA:

The conduct, rules, and regulations for the life of the Saadhu.

(2) SOOTRAKRUTAANGA SOOTRA:

The Jain doctrines, descriptions, and comparisons with other

contemporary creeds such as Niyativaada, Kriyaavaada, and Akriyavaada

(3) STHAANAANGA SOOTRA:

The definition, and description of the essential elements, tattvas of the

Jainism. The other topics as Darshan (perception), Charitra(conduct),

Anu(Atom), are covered in this anga in full details with subcategories.

(4) SAMAVAAYAANGA SOOTRA:

The definition, and description of the tattvas (essential elements),

of the Jainism. The other topics included are grouped, and

subgrouped, totaling to huge numbers.



[1] ANGA-GRANTHAS: (Anga-scriptures) (Cont'd 2 of 4)

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(5) VYAAKHYAA-PRAGNAPTIANGA:

The preaching of religious knowledge of Jainism, ethics, Jain

philosophy, etc. through dialogues, examples, stories, and questions

and answers.

(6) GNAATAADHARMA KATHAANGA:

The preaching of religious knowledge of Jainism, and religious tales

narrated by Gnaatra-putra Lord Mahavira through dialogues, examples,

questions and answers.

(7) UPAASAKA-DASHAANGA:

The life stories of ten Shraavakas or lay followers, and practitioners of

Jainism, their vows and the upkeep of the vows. This Anga is

complement to the first one Achaaranga which covers life conduct for

Saadhus.

(8) AANTAKRA-DASHAANGA:

The stories of the ten saadhus, who through severe monk life, destroyed

all their Karmas, and attained Nirvaana, or Moksha.




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(9) ANUTTARAUPAPAATIKA DASHAANGA:

The stories of the ten aachaaryas who achieved the topmost

heavens as Gods. Upon completion of the life in higher

heavens, their soul achieved rebirths as human beings.

In this human life, following the life in heaven, their soul

achieved Moksha, upon dissipating last of karmas.

(10) PRASNAVYAAKARANAANGA:

The procedures, and prohibitions of the religion. The

explanations, and comparisons with other doctrines, and

religious creeds through questions and answers.

(11) VIPAAKA SOOTRAANGA: The stories, and illustrations of the

fruits of the karmas, paapa (merit), and punya(demerit)

karmas.




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(12) DRASTIVAADA: This has five divisions.

12.1 Parikrama - The description of jiva, ajiva, sun, moon,

earth, oceans, tattvas etc.

12.2 Sootra - The differentiation between the right knowledge,

and the wrong knowledge.

12.3 Anuyoga - The stories of great religious personalities.

12.4 Poorvagata - The fourteen Poorva-granthas of Lord

Parswanaatha's time are included here.

12.5 Choolikaa - The knowledge to achieve super human

abilities, such as, stop the flowing waters, pass

through the fire, waters, walls, etc., transform, and

travel to distant places with mantras, create

miracles, to turn into different life forms, such

different persons, animals such as elephant, lion etc.,

fly in the sky, change the forms of vegetables and

metals, and many, many other sciences, education,

and knowledge for super natural achievements.




[2] ANGA-BAAHYA-GRANTHAS: (Anga-external-scriptures)

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The Anga-external-scriptures are not authored by the

Ganadharas. The Anga-baahya-granthas were developed by the

Shrutakevalis, those who had full knowledge of all, real, original twelve

anga-granthas, and Dashpoorvi-shrutakevalis, those, who had full

knowledge of eleven anga-granthas, and partial knowledge of twelfth

anga-grantha to the extent of ten poorvas only. These writer

aachaaryas, were in authoritative, top, supreme positions, in Jain

sangha after the nirvaana of Lord Mahavira, and three Kevalis

immediately following Mahavira. What these aachaaryas developed

from the Aagama, and presented to the Jainism, was never found in

contradiction to the Aagama, and the divya-dhwani. Their creation

contributed, to enlighten the Jainism, and as such received

acceptance as the aagama holy scriptures.


[2A] ANGA-BAAHYA GRANTHAS (Per Digambara sect): (1 of 2 pages)

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According to, the digambara sect of Jainism there

were fourteen anga-baahya- granthas or scriptures. These

fourteen texts in their original, ancient version disappeared

over a period of time. The knowledge, contained therein, is

found in mixed up state in other Jain scriptures. The

reconstruction, and recreation of this knowledge is widely

used by the Jain monks, and laity alike with deep devotion

even today. These fourteen granthas are as follows:



[2A] ANGA-BAAHYA GRANTHAS (Per Digambara sect): (cont’d 2 of 2)

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(1) SAAMAAYIKA

(2) CHATURVISHATISTAVA

(3) VANDANAA

(4) PRATIKRAMANA

(5) VAINAYIKA

(6) KRATIKRAMA

(7) DASHAVAIKAALIKA

(8) UTTARAADHYAYANA

(9) KALPAVYAVAHAARA

(10) KALPAAKALPIKA

(11) MAHAAKALPIKA

(12) PUNDARIKA

(13) MAHAAPUNDARIKA

(14) NISHITHIKA



[2B] ANGA-BAAHYA GRANTHAS (Per Swetaambara sect): (1 of 2 pages)

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According to, the Swetaambara murtipujak sect of Jainism, there

are thirty-four anga-baahya granthas. These thirty four granthas are

distributed in the following five categories:

(1) UPAANGA - Twelve granthas

(2) PRAKEERNAKA - Ten granthas

(3) CHHEDASOOTRA - Six granthas

(4) CHOOLIKA SOOTRA - Two granthas

(5) MOOLASOOTRA - Four granthas.

The swetaambara murtipujak sect believes that the 11 Anga

granthas, and 34 Anga-baahya granthas, totaling to 45 holy granthas are in

valid existence in its original form today. According to Swetaambara-

Sthaanakvaashi only 11 anga-granthas, and 21 anga-baahya-granthas,

totalling to 32 holy aagama granthas are in valid existence in its

original form today.



[2B] ANGA-BAAHYA GRANTHAS (Per Swetaambara sect): (Cont’d 2 of 2 pages)

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The last anga-grantha Drastivaada is considered lost in time,

and oblivion by all sects. The knowledge contained in the aang-

baahya- granthas of both Digambara, and Swetaambara sects is

resembling to the extent of their common beliefs, even though the

titles, and categories are different. The 45 aagama granthas of

swetaambara sect were organized, and given definitive written

scriptural form in the year 454 AD, under the chairmanship of

aachaarya Devardhigani in Valbhipur, Gujarat. The present aagama are

these scriptures. The last anga-grantha Drastivaada could not be

established definitively, and hence was left out.




(2B.1) UPAANGA: (1 of 2 pages)

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(1) AUPAPAATIKA: The narration of King Konika who went to see Lord

Mahavira. How to achieve birth in Devaloka, or heaven through

appropriate conduct.

(2) RAJPRASHNIYA: Keshi, the follower of Lord Parswanaatha, who brought

King Pradeshi into the Jainism. Keshi then became Suryaabha God,

and then came to offer his deepest respect Lord Mahavira as the

God of the heaven.

(3) JEEVABHIGAMA: The description of the all varieties of the life in the

Universe, and more specifically on earth.

(4) PRAGNAAPANAA: The description of the multi varieties of the life form,

their characteristics, attributes, etc. This is authored by Aachaarya

Aarya Shyaama (Kaalakaachaarya).

(5) SURYAPRAGNAPATI: The description of the Sun, planets, stars, space,

and sky etc.

(6) JAMBUDWIPAPRAGNAPATI: The description of the planet earth, its

geography, people, kings etc. who inhabitated there, long, long

time in the past.



(2B.1) UPAANGA: (cont’d 2 of 2)

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(7) CHANDRAPRAGNAPATI: The description of the Moon, planets, stars,

space, and sky etc. This is identical to Suryapragnapati.

(8) NIRAYAAVALEE: The Jain story of ten princes, in collaboration with king

Kunika, their step brother, went to war against their own grandfather,

king Chetak of Vaishali, got killed in the war, and then their souls went

to hell for their misdeeds.

(9) KALPAAVANANTSIKAA: The continuation of the story in Nirayaavalee.

The same ten princes, in the subsequent birth became monks, lived

life of proper conduct, and then went to heaven.

(10) POOSHHPIKAA: The stories of the past incarnations of the devas,

or Gods who worshipped Lord Mahavira.

(11) PUSHPACHULIKA: The like stories described in Pooshhpikaa above.

(12) VRISHHNADASHAA: Lord Neminaatha, the twentysecond Teerthankara, who

influenced ten kings of Vishnu dynasty, and converted them to Jainism.



(2B.2) PRAKEERNAKA: (1 of 2 pages)

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(1) CHATUSHARANA: Prayers and Atonements.

(2) CHATUR PRATYAAKHYAANA: The efforts of the great learned saints

during their last days of life.

(3) BHAKTI PARIGNAA: The last rites prior to death of great learned saints

(4) SANSTAARAKA: Lay down the life for the right, and the religion.

(5) TANDULVAITAALIKAA: The knowledge of biological science, pregnancy,

life, and other like sciences is described here.

(6) CHANDRAVEDHHYAKA: The relations between the teacher and

the pupil, their efforts, co-operation, mutual influence etc. for

achievements of knowledge and ultimate goal of Moksha.



(2B.2) PRAKEERNAKA: (cont’d 2 of 2)

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(7) DEVENDRASTAVA: The account of the kings, who ruled the

heavens.

(8) GANIVIDYAA: The science of Astrology, Astronomy, prediction, etc.

(9) MAHAAPRATYAAKHYAANA: The description of confessions,

and atonements.

(10) VEERASTAVA: The various names by which Lord Mahavira

is addressed in praises, stories, prayers, etc. All ten prakeerna

are considered not in conformance with Sthaanakvashi belief,

and hence unacceptable to them as anga-baahya-granthas.



(2B.3) CHHEDASOOTRA: (1 of 2 pages)

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(1) NISHITHA: The conduct, and religion of Saadhus, faults, confessions

and purifications.

(2) MAHAANISHITHA: The sins, confessions, and purifications. Aachhaarya

Haribhadra prevented the total lost of the original

scripture. The present version is as aachaarya

Haribhadra reconstructed, and recreated.

(3)* VYAVAHAARA: The practical real life conduct, self-punishment,

purification etc. This is authored by shrutkevali

aachaarya Bhadrabahu.



(2B.3) CHHEDASOOTRA: (cont’d 2 of 2)

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(4) DASHAASHRUTASKANDHA, OR ACHAARDASHAA: The procedures

of the conduct. The ninth chapter is aachaarya Bhadrabaahu's

KALPA SOOTRA. The life characters, and history of teerthankaras,

the rules for conduct, the names of sampradaayas are described

here. Kalpa sootra is read during the holy period of paryushana

parva of Jains.

(5) BRAHTKALPASOOTRA: The ways, and procedures to conduct

the life by Saadhus, and Saadhvis. This is authored by

Shrutkevali aachaarya Bhadrabahu.

(6)* PANCHAKALPA, OR JEETAKALPA: The ways, and procedures

to conduct the life by Saadhus, and Saadhvis. Jeetakalpa is

authored by aachaarya Jinabhadra.

Upon the loss of original Panchkalpa, Jeetkalpa found place

in this category of Chhedasootra.



(2B.4) CHOOLIKAA SOOTRA:

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(1) NANDISOOTRA: The description of the five categories of

Knowledge. This is authored by Devarddhigani.

(2) ANUYOGADWAARASOOTRA: The total knowledge.



(2B.5) MOOLASOOTRA:

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(1) UTTARAADHYAYANA: The stories on the principles of the Jainism.,

Examples, dialogues, questions, and

answers, and preaching.

(2) AAVASHYAKA: The essential procedures to live day to day.

(3) DASHVAIKAALIKA: The rules for Saadhus to conduct the life. This is

the creation of shrutkevali aachaarya

Shayyambhava

(4)* PINDANIRYUKTI: The procedures to accept alms, and contributions

by Saadhus for essential subsistence.

* These are considered not in conformance with Sthaanakvashi belief,

and hence unacceptable to them as anga-baahya-granthas.


[Section B] POORVA-GRANTHS 23 0F 33 DINESH VORA

[Section B] POORVA-GRANTHAS (Pre-existed Scriptures): (1 of 2 pages)

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These Poorva-granthas (Pre-existed-scriptures) were the

Jain holy scriptures in existence prior to the time of Lord Mahavira

the twentyfourth teerthankara, and from the time of Lord

Paraswanaatha, the twentythird teerthankara. These scriptures,

total fourteen in number, known as the fourteen Poorva-granthas,

have disappeared, and not in existence. The knowledge of these

fourteen volumes of Poorva-granthas was absorbed into the

twelfth anga-grantha Drastivaada by Ganadharas, the chief

disciples of Lord Mahavira. However, it is believed, that this twelfth

original anga-grantha Drastivaada, itself got lost in time. The

knowledge we may have today is derived from the references, and

is reconstructed. These fourteen poorva-granthas, identified by the

contents, rather than the titles, are as follows:


[Section B] POORVA-GRANTHAS 24 0F 33 DINESH VORA

(1) The creation, existence, status, and destruction of Dravya (Substance)

(2) Tattvas (Essential principles), and Dravyas (Substances)

(3) The power of Dravya, Great souls, and Gods

(4) Seven Nayas, and Pramaanas to determine the reality of the objects.

(5) Truth, and Mithyaagnaana (Wrong knowledge)

(6) Satyapravaada, True, and Untrue words and speeches.

(7) The nature of the Soul

(8) Karmapravaada

(9) Destruction of Karma

(10) Achieving the Knowledge

(11) Life stories of Sixty three Shalaakaa personalities

(12) Medicine

(13) Music, Singing, etc. performing arts, and Religious activities

(14) Universe, Religious activities, and Mathematics

[Section B] POORVA-GRANTHAS (Pre-existed Scriptures): (cont’d 2 of 2)

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(Section C] JAINVEDA 25 0F 33 DINESH VORA

[Section C] JAINVEDA: (1 of 3 pages)

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The Jainveda is divided into four anuyogas, or divisions as follows:

(1) PRATHAMAANUYOGA: (ITIHAASA - History of Jainism)

1.1 PADMAPURAANA by Aachaarya Ravisena

1.2 HARIVANSHAPURAANA by Aachaarya Jinsena

1.3 AADIPURAANA by Aachaarya Jinsena

1.4 UTTARAPURANA by Aachaarya Gunabhadra

(2) KARANAANUYOGA: (VISWAVYAAKHYAANA - Science of Universe)

2.1 SURYAPRAGNAPTI by Aachaarya Jayadhavala

2.2 CHANDRAPRAGNAPTI by Aachaarya Jayadhavala

(3) DRAVYAANUYOGA: (TATTVAGNAANA - Knowledge of Fundamental

Principles of Jainism)

3.1 PANCHASTIKAAYASAARA by Aachaarya Kundakunda muni

3.2 PRAVACHANSAARA by Aachaarya Kundakunda muni

3.3 SAMAYASAARA by Aachaarya Kundakunda muni

3.4 NIYAMSAARA by Aachaarya Kundakunda muni


[Section C] JAINVEDA 26 0F 33 DINESH VORA

[Section C] JAINVEDA: (cont’d 2 OF 3)

══════════════════════(3) DRAVYAANUYOGA: (TATTVAGNAANA - Knowledge of Fundamental Principles

of Jainism) (cont’d from previous page)

3.5 TATTVAARTHA-DHIGAMA-SHOOTRA by Aachaarya Umaswati or Umaswami3.6 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Samantabhadra3.7 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Vidyaananda3.8 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Pujyapaada3.9 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Akalanka3.10 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Baalachandra3.11 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Amritachandara3.12 COMMENTARY ON Above by Aachaarya Jayasena

3.13 AAPTAMEEMAANSAA by Aachaarya Samantabhadra3.14 COMMENTARY ON AAPTAMEEMAANSAA by Aachaarya Vidyaananda3.15 COMMENTARY ON AAPTAMEEMAANSAA by Aachaarya Akalanka


[Section C] JAINVEDA 27 0F 33 DINESH VORA

[Section C] JAINVEDA: (cont’d 3 OF 3)

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(4) CHARANAANUYOGA: (NEETI - Conduct)4.1 MOOLAACHAARA by Aachaarya Vatteura4.2 TRIVANAACHAARA by Aachaarya Vatteura4.3 RATNA-KARANDA-SHRAAVAKA-AACHAARA by Aachaarya Samantabhadra

The digambara sect believes that the original Aagama i.e. anga-granthas, and anga-baahya-granthas disappeared over a period of time, because of the lackof scientific preservation technic, and the natural calamities. In place of Aagama, the Digambaras have accepted the above scriptures as the valid religious scriptures of Jain principles, and practices, with appropriate rationale.


[Section D] JAIN BIBLE 28 0F 33 DINESH VORA

[Section D] JAIN BIBLE: (1 OF 4 pages)

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MOKSHA SHAASTRA also known as

TATTVAARTHASHOOTRAM also known as

TATTVAARTHA-DHIGAMA-SHOOTRA

by

ACHAARYA UMASWAMI is the JAIN BIBLE.

The Tattvaartha-Sutra or Tattvaarthaadhigama-Sutra or

Mokshashaastra has been composed by one of the greatest

geniuses of the world, Jain Aachaarya Shree Umaaswaati or

Umaaswaami from southern part of India, more exactly from state of

Mysore. Aachaarya Umaaswaami lived in the time period 135-219 A.D.

He was the most famous disciple of the most reverently worshipped

Saint Aachaarya Shree Kunda-Kundaachaarya.



[Section D] JAIN BIBLE: (cont’d 2 OF 4)

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The Tattvaartha-Sutra has been written in Sanskrit language

and in Sutra style. The Tattvaartha-Sutra covers almost the entire

range of Jainism, its philosophy, principles, and practices. The

Tattvaartha-sutra has the utmost respect of all sects, and sub-sects

of Jainism such as Digambara, Swetaambara and others. As a matter

of fact every sect claims Aachaarya Umaswami to be of their sect.

Now over a period of time it has come to be acknowledged by all the

Jains as their Bible. Like Ramayana of Rama believing Hindus,

Qurana of Muslims, Bible of Christians, the Tattvaartha-Sutra is held

in the highest sacredness by Jains. The Tattvaartha-Sutra is recited

every day in the Jain temples, and in thousands and thousands of

Jain homes. Every possible aspect of Jain philosophy is said to have

been embodied in this great sacred epitome. There are tapes, books

and lectures given by Jain scholars. There are thousands and

thousands of references made to Tattvaartha-Sutra by individual

writers in their works.




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There have been many commentaries written on Tattvaartha-

Sutra by other learned and brilliant Jain Aachaaryas of Jainism from

time to time from all over India. The well-known written commentaries

of high scriptural level are by Aachaarya Samantabhadra, Aachaarya

Vidyananda, Aachaarya Pujyapada, Aacharya Akalanka, Aachaarya

Balchandra, Aachaarya Amritchandra, and Aachaarya Jaysena. The

Tattvaartha-Sutra thus has proved to be a lush, dense, fertile, and

profound source for elaboration by those talented masters of Jainism

who followed Aachaarya Umaswami. Such commentaries are not only

dazzling in themselves but have contributed so much in the

comprehension of Jainism.




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The contents of Tattvaartha-Sutra has been spread over

ten chapters. The first two chapters deal with the theory of

knowledge, and also elaborate the Jain view of the life and soul in

the universe. Next two chapters, that is chapter three and four are

devoted to the Jain Cosmography. Chapter five deals with the

inanimate world, especially Ontology(The study of nature of

existence). Chapter five is comparable to the modern scientific

developments on universe, atom, electron, time, space, physics

etc. Chapters six through ten are ethical in contents, deal with

Karma doctrine, and the path to Salvation, Moksha, Nirvaana, or

ultimate liberation.


[Sectopn E] COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES 32 OF 33 DINESH VORA

JAIN Religion VEDA (Hindu religion)

PANCHASTIKAAYASAARA by Aachaarya Kundkund muni

UPANISHADAS

PRAVANCHANSAARA by Aachaarya Kundkund muni

BRAHMASUTRA

SAMAYASAARA by Aachaarya Kundkund muni

BHAGAVAD GEETA

These three scriptures are called

PRAABHRUTATRAYA, or

NAATAKATRAYA, or

SAARATRAYA.

These three scriptures are called PRASTHAANATRAYA

in Vedant religion

[Section E] COMPARABLE SCRIPTURES:

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JAIN SCRIPTURES 33 0F 33 DINESH VORA

PRONUNCIATIONS OF JAIN WORDS: A=CUT, AA=ALMOND, E=APPLE, EE=TEETH, I=HIM,

O=OAT, OO=MOON, U=PUT, AU=NOW, AI=RAIN,G=GO

JAINAM JAYATI SHASANAM

JAI JINENDRA

FINISH

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