Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt

PowerPoint by: James SpillmanPowerPoint by: James Spillman

WaterWater

◊ The Nile River provided fresh water, irrigation, and fertilization.

◊ The Nile was the most important river of Ancient Egypt.

◊ Near the Nile R. lived fish, ducks, geese, hippos, crocodiles, giraffes, and ostriches.

◊ The Nile River provided fresh water, irrigation, and fertilization.

◊ The Nile was the most important river of Ancient Egypt.

◊ Near the Nile R. lived fish, ducks, geese, hippos, crocodiles, giraffes, and ostriches.

TopoographyTopoography

◊ In Egypt there are wide areas of flat land.

◊ In the Nile River valley there were narrow valleys and hills.

◊ The vast deserts could be used as protection from invaders.

◊ Egypt was on the east of the Nile.

◊ In Egypt there are wide areas of flat land.

◊ In the Nile River valley there were narrow valleys and hills.

◊ The vast deserts could be used as protection from invaders.

◊ Egypt was on the east of the Nile.

VegetationVegetation

◊ A couple plants in Ancient Egypt were reeds and papyrus, a tough water plant.

◊ Reeds could be woven into baskets and roofs for houses. Papyrus was used for rope and paper.

◊ The rich farmland made it easy to grow crops like wheat and barley.

◊ A couple plants in Ancient Egypt were reeds and papyrus, a tough water plant.

◊ Reeds could be woven into baskets and roofs for houses. Papyrus was used for rope and paper.

◊ The rich farmland made it easy to grow crops like wheat and barley.

ReligionReligion

◊ The pharaohs were believed to be gods.

◊ The pharaohs owned all the land.◊ They were responsible for the people.◊ People thought there is an afterlife

that never ended.◊ The pharaohs built monuments to

glorify power and success.

◊ The pharaohs were believed to be gods.

◊ The pharaohs owned all the land.◊ They were responsible for the people.◊ People thought there is an afterlife

that never ended.◊ The pharaohs built monuments to

glorify power and success.

Pharaoh KhufuPharaoh Khufu

◊ He was a builder of famous pyramids.◊ He helped establish the pharaoh as central

authority.◊ He kept control over the food supply.◊ Oversaw harvest and stored extra grain.◊ Controlled a large network of government

officials who carried out laws.◊ He declared himself a god.◊ He Built the great pyramid of Giza.◊ He fed thousands of people.

◊ He was a builder of famous pyramids.◊ He helped establish the pharaoh as central

authority.◊ He kept control over the food supply.◊ Oversaw harvest and stored extra grain.◊ Controlled a large network of government

officials who carried out laws.◊ He declared himself a god.◊ He Built the great pyramid of Giza.◊ He fed thousands of people.

Great Pyramid at GizaGreat Pyramid at Giza

◊ It took 20 years to complete.◊ It contained 2 million stone blocks.◊ Tunnels in the pyramid led to burial

chambers.◊ It was one of the wonders of the Ancient

World.◊ Placed at center of huge complex

temples, statues, monuments, and smaller tombs.

◊ It took 20 years to complete.◊ It contained 2 million stone blocks.◊ Tunnels in the pyramid led to burial

chambers.◊ It was one of the wonders of the Ancient

World.◊ Placed at center of huge complex

temples, statues, monuments, and smaller tombs.

King TutankhamenKing Tutankhamen

◊ He believed in eternal life.◊ He was 18 or 19 when he died.◊ Had 2 children and a wife.◊ Believed death was a journey

across the Nile to eternal life.

◊ He believed in eternal life.◊ He was 18 or 19 when he died.◊ Had 2 children and a wife.◊ Believed death was a journey

across the Nile to eternal life.

Pharaoh HatshepsutPharaoh Hatshepsut

◊ She was the first female pharaoh.◊ She was known for architecture, art, and

trade.◊ One of her greatest accomplishments

was gaining power.◊ Filled government with advisors.◊ She spread stories that her father was a

god.◊ Made a great voyage to trade with Punt.

◊ She was the first female pharaoh.◊ She was known for architecture, art, and

trade.◊ One of her greatest accomplishments

was gaining power.◊ Filled government with advisors.◊ She spread stories that her father was a

god.◊ Made a great voyage to trade with Punt.

Temple at Dayr al-BahriTemple at Dayr al-Bahri

◊ It was built into a cliff over the Nile.◊ Had two tall obelisks at the entrance.◊ Had 200 sphinx at entrance.◊ Scenes of Hatshepsut’s reign

decorated walls.◊ Carvings depicted the voyage to

Punt.◊ Carvings also showed things brought

back from Punt.

◊ It was built into a cliff over the Nile.◊ Had two tall obelisks at the entrance.◊ Had 200 sphinx at entrance.◊ Scenes of Hatshepsut’s reign

decorated walls.◊ Carvings depicted the voyage to

Punt.◊ Carvings also showed things brought

back from Punt.

Opet Festival Opet Festival

◊ Opet festival was celebrated when the Nile flooded the banks.

◊ During the festival fieldwork stopped.

◊ In the festival people celebrated the pharaoh and the god Amon-Re.

◊ Opet festival was celebrated when the Nile flooded the banks.

◊ During the festival fieldwork stopped.

◊ In the festival people celebrated the pharaoh and the god Amon-Re.

Social ClassSocial Class

◊ Everyone belonged to a social class.◊ The classes together made a social

pyramid.◊ Top had fewer people and high

status.◊ Lower had more people and lower

status.

◊ Everyone belonged to a social class.◊ The classes together made a social

pyramid.◊ Top had fewer people and high

status.◊ Lower had more people and lower

status.

Social PyramidSocial Pyramid

◊ At the top was the pharaoh, Egypt’s supreme ruler.

◊ Next came government officials and priests.

◊ Then scribes and artisans.◊ And at the bottom were peasants.

◊ At the top was the pharaoh, Egypt’s supreme ruler.

◊ Next came government officials and priests.

◊ Then scribes and artisans.◊ And at the bottom were peasants.

Government OfficialsGovernment Officials

◊ The officials carried out orders.◊ Most came from noble families.◊ They had power, wealth, and high

quality life.

◊ The officials carried out orders.◊ Most came from noble families.◊ They had power, wealth, and high

quality life.

PriestsPriests

◊ Were in charge of temples and religious rituals.

◊ Also made death and burial ceremonies.

◊ Were in charge of temples and religious rituals.

◊ Also made death and burial ceremonies.

ScribesScribes

◊ Held a respected position.◊ They recorded information for

government and religious leaders.◊ It took many years to become a

scribe.

◊ Held a respected position.◊ They recorded information for

government and religious leaders.◊ It took many years to become a

scribe.

ArtisansArtisans

◊ Included carpenters, metal-workers, painters, sculptors, and stone carvers.

◊ They were very skilled but had low status in society.

◊ Included carpenters, metal-workers, painters, sculptors, and stone carvers.

◊ They were very skilled but had low status in society.

PeasantsPeasants

◊ They were the largest social class.◊ Peasants worked the land to

provide a steady food supply.◊ When not farming they worked on

building projects.

◊ They were the largest social class.◊ Peasants worked the land to

provide a steady food supply.◊ When not farming they worked on

building projects.

Life in Social ClassesLife in Social Classes

◊ People usually belong in the same social class as their parents.◊ Most had little chance to move up.◊ Most married within their social class.◊ Children were highly valued.◊ Men were the head of the households they worked to support the

family.◊ Fathers trained their sons at an early age to take on the line of

work.◊ Women managed the home and raised the children.◊ Lower-class women had to do work for themselves.◊ Women had more rights than most ancient society.◊ Could own land, run businesses, ask for divorces, represent

themselves in legal matters, and become doctors, government officials, and priestesses.

◊ Higher on the social pyramid meant a higher quality life.

◊ People usually belong in the same social class as their parents.◊ Most had little chance to move up.◊ Most married within their social class.◊ Children were highly valued.◊ Men were the head of the households they worked to support the

family.◊ Fathers trained their sons at an early age to take on the line of

work.◊ Women managed the home and raised the children.◊ Lower-class women had to do work for themselves.◊ Women had more rights than most ancient society.◊ Could own land, run businesses, ask for divorces, represent

themselves in legal matters, and become doctors, government officials, and priestesses.

◊ Higher on the social pyramid meant a higher quality life.

Important Government OfficialsImportant Government Officials◊ Three of the very important government officials were the vizier, chief

treasurer, and general of of the armies.◊ The vizier had more power than anyone but the pharaoh.◊ He advised the pharaoh and carried out his commands.◊ He also as a kind of head judge because judges brought their

toughest cases of him.◊ He had to be fair and impartial to either side of the case.◊ The chief treasurer looked after the goods and money.◊ His main task was to collect the taxes.◊ Most of Egypt’s economical system was based on goods.◊ The people of Egypt paid their taxes in grain, cloth, silver, and

unexpectedly beer.◊ Rather than the pharaoh the general of the armies was the highest

military commander in all of Egypt.◊ He advised the pharaoh in matters of war and security like how to

protect the kingdom from invaders.

◊ Three of the very important government officials were the vizier, chief treasurer, and general of of the armies.

◊ The vizier had more power than anyone but the pharaoh.◊ He advised the pharaoh and carried out his commands.◊ He also as a kind of head judge because judges brought their

toughest cases of him.◊ He had to be fair and impartial to either side of the case.◊ The chief treasurer looked after the goods and money.◊ His main task was to collect the taxes.◊ Most of Egypt’s economical system was based on goods.◊ The people of Egypt paid their taxes in grain, cloth, silver, and

unexpectedly beer.◊ Rather than the pharaoh the general of the armies was the highest

military commander in all of Egypt.◊ He advised the pharaoh in matters of war and security like how to

protect the kingdom from invaders.

Life as a Government OfficialLife as a Government Official◊ More important government officials led lives of pleasure.◊ Most of these people were nobles with large fortunes,

luxurious homes, and a large amount of time for family and friends.

◊ A decent banquet host would provide a great effort to provide only the best food.

◊ The cooks of these hosts cooked duck, geese, pigeons, quail, antelope, wild sheep, and goats.

◊ Dishes were filled to the brim with figs, dates, grapes, coconuts, bread, cakes, honey, and a lot of beer and wine.

◊ Guests dressed in exquisite clothing

◊ Men and women wore perfume.◊ The women wore ropes of beads as

necklaces or bracelets.

◊ More important government officials led lives of pleasure.◊ Most of these people were nobles with large fortunes,

luxurious homes, and a large amount of time for family and friends.

◊ A decent banquet host would provide a great effort to provide only the best food.

◊ The cooks of these hosts cooked duck, geese, pigeons, quail, antelope, wild sheep, and goats.

◊ Dishes were filled to the brim with figs, dates, grapes, coconuts, bread, cakes, honey, and a lot of beer and wine.

◊ Guests dressed in exquisite clothing

◊ Men and women wore perfume.◊ The women wore ropes of beads as

necklaces or bracelets.

My Name in HeiroglyphsMy Name in Heiroglyphs

JAMES