James_L._Walker_The_Philosophy_of_Egoism____1972.pdf

7/28/2019 James_L._Walker_The_Philosophy_of_Egoism____1972.pdf

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JAMES L. WLKR

THE PILOSOPHY

F GIM


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Photoraph of James L. Walker and spcimen of his Autograp whchmade up the frontispiece of the orinal 1905 edton of THEPHILOSOPHY OF GSM. Dats of the photograph ad sgnture otow.


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JAMES L. WALKR

TH HISY

F SM

L s, N.3

With a Biographical Sketc

by

N RPOG LE

And Frewor

JA . AI

RAL MYES UBLISER INCCOLORADO SRINGS92


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Previouly unpublishd matial cpyigh, 1972 Rlp Mls Pblr Ic.

Intea(al Sada Bok Number: 0-8792604

Lihy f Cgs Catalog uh 20

Ralph Myles Publisr, C'

Box 1533

Cdo Spings o 80901


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FOREWORD

The nature of ts book d its ptan thrugot most of hentiet cnry sggest tat an exdd itrodctio a nw diion

would be a sueru Jaes L alker's Th Phlhy f mrst blised in s etirety in enver in 1905, is th mos imortantaet rinally wrtn e nglis language eineating he basic

on f ploc eosm u far mre brief an te ormidablThe Ego and His Own of M Sner it is a work wic in tande wite e k u e egs n a wy w uely euased Wen tae ete i Slaves to Dy by alkrs fellowm era Bak ee m lle at cole ti hlsal iulse

is diton arks te rst te it as been reoduced snce blcationby t au we i a remrkable rivate rintng e yar at isdea i Mexo i 904. I was oncle en repblication was con-elatd tt tle nee be one to te original wic is rerodcedat n a new and me eabl ye face minus he rinting rrorsown e luon eve of e ronisiece hoograh o alke and nul tduoy bioraical skech f alkr by Henry Reoe wo t blhe tios o he book n insalmnts in a oner eriial eve t losoica egism in lan nd San csco Cala e 890s

ne can oly alle t e scoe of alkr's iressive aciveents a lx aee A fll scale bogray is lo overe andol be a ry e el of colas e wok nndd e we e e Wore a any e n s esnsibl for intrcing e ideas of S A r en rlly g st e y "a K Bejan R kesuqe l Libry. He l laye a aor art in nencg Tuckeo ae The n is Own slae ublse nr s irn

ucke ane a e ie ublaon in 90 ta i was eost o tle e sue tirty years as a ublser (Liber,XVI [Ari 907] ). A i was ak wo was deiated o

we it e st ngls languae etion an nrodctonw ben "fy yea so o laer can mke litte ierenc i tee a bk reolutonary a this Te nic art of it all was alke d ot le ee s ow bok r Stirnes fr wic hea bundls aation ce no existence

The ook bae ee re bleak uon the sudn witrawal aniee ker f e sne one o e reus eg e rciite dele f tet n an f losica eosm In alkersas i was to be alst al a cntury before aento was once oe t

e cal o e A w o neratons late t reblicatn i na e s i is sate at lea n p o l ele

JAMS J ANPalme Lake ColoraDembe 29


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PRFATORY NOTE

The rst chapters o is booet apard seriy in "gsm,

e aane uhd Gera and Hn ee, at Oakl, Cf., o 890 o 88 I w o o r e oeries in the magazie, en us em oo or; ut essreuo e auor's e inerud s wr, ad a gosmuspded pucaon eore h aticles re oed Late as nd o it te cncuding cher, d he epoesu hoe n te and ad ade w o ca tepas, B vertaen adersi and scness, e matte

so geed tat 4, hen he uo, Js . Waer, ded, work ad rced no uherA e mn ate Mr Waers d, Kahae Wker, hs

h hi u hr oed husands memo comeed wout urh dea, uderoo h askherse b rovidng te necessar money, eng e dais twok to e care o the Reo. Howr, oud ess andna deat o Goa Reoge, nd h oa do o Henreoe ch oowd, urhr ded e ork to h date

as one o he aios o e os' is o n thisboet to the Pressve Word ih hir on hads; secayas s re f Geoa, ho, aouh i o d rom she neve ars, ieded h he a reucan iatonof e na edon anone es I s ono, r Wkerel, u al, o fu r ow

pcpaon n mae eney prae Bu hoever knda, a o ju e dr ou o a oon

o pa despr, Geor eo hod soe udeneda o ecover er hea, nd rn hr ow ds re orn eore e ord e rs r o Me of eMaste Phiospy

h as o h o are e or of uror o o bren pa ean adicas, and uure pse ediions be enie undr his cono, as as oinay ided edn y o hm So se e onds hoe en dened

ate, te neaest approxmaio s aaed y kindr hu eor, n e si o Geora os o od ae om teRua o a Khyya o Nasapu:

A oe coud ou ad ih hi cospire as s sorry Scee o hng re,

oud nt e shaer i to is-and henemold nearer eats Dere!


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BIOGRAPCA

To e a jus bioaphical skch of a man o as copeede exeuion of lf-og plans is hardly possibe. To do justice arig e fe of a mn who was cu o by dat a e oen attainment from the execution o pans that ad ben ripened for al-most a iftime, is quit impossble. In he rst undrtaking whenconcree accompismn is chroniced here is revealed a lest anapprimain f e reach and eph f hugh exered; and thefailur o depic suc a ifask e onl n mar of inen-siy. Whe n e second r h failure us cme in veryial pin f iabily o reva evn t bjecs e accmpished,t say notig f t brdh reacd, depth penetrate, and te n-nie dail encpasd by he mid f a brai w b ad freer sled

Te lfe rk f Jms L Waker prents s amenable d-U T poi b o mor frcfy rd ain e follwng edrial reiew h s knn f him ad hiife pblised n e "Nes avon exas Apr. 9 9 up

e receip f e news f his deah:Thrgh a leter recied eserda b Mr. En rce sere

ary f h ales schl brd e Nw lars f e dah f. L. w occud Lar Mxc Al 2,ar an ill f sixeen das. Dr. Walkr et Mexc autv yr a w for a nbr f ars coeced wi thewsppr a nerey. h News udersands a e sdd md-cn and pracced r om ie hn h was a yug d

r f er bs Mxc he rec a hcia fr many yr -nced wit the ediria deprm f h Glesonalas Nes.e w a dep hinkr and a rcib wrir. e had intecas i s. He bd e old scl f soid rier prest rain cl hea. hse h kne bsrciz hm as n ica an. He as preeminey a lo-gci d ncidentaly a is versed in dad angu da en cnversanalis haf a zen rn nes.ig is qui de f lif fe kne f im persn. Hes a mn w ad ie sa ab sef nidall. Tis isdemnraed by fc ta i e as cat or a ur ears w men w cnncd wi he Nes here is n ne fis frer assciaes h cd state i deneness s s ager h naioality. M Walker was alays ready discuss an picf he d or n pic hisr wth he eaes ency b hdlle bo is psnl aairs. A he same im ere s


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nothng about h to ab o to call hm dstant or say e aoo reserd.

fter sv hs cocton h News n 8, he readla, and was admtted to te bar and practced at Gveson a shortme befor h wnt o Mexco. r. Walkr was a deep tnker, arpe scholar and an lgant gentleman H eaes a wfe, who wash hm at e me of s death"

h tr of hs ort s hancappd by the same dculty aswas the edor of e Galveston News;more apprecaton or thsubject t nowedg of hs dongs. Athough ther was man-

taned bween Mr. aer on te one hand, and Georga Rpogand me on he other, qute a dozn yars of coespondenc of sucha condenta aure as may readly exst beween a fond maser adhs devoted dscples, and hs was spplemented by soe monhs ofday assocaton, nvetheless not a sucnt number of facts con-ernng hs past lf wr gaered to form ev a tolerable bography akd, alays apparenly wout reserve, about s past when beame ncdent o the conersaton, and would doubtless hae an-

swerd dre questons conernng , b no one even dreamed ofbograpy; e was so hal and eart, and wtal so arefu of hshel tha h seemd easly good for more han a score of years.So th preous opportun was lost n pannng for he future rathrhan n revewng the pas, whh would so muh beter have servedhs ned.

Outsde of Mr alker's work n e Lberal Word, no bograph-ca nformaton has ben obtaned save ts reproducon of anoteraticle wrten by a personal end of s and publsed n the Gal-veston News the day followng t publaton of te abovequotededoral:

The death of Dr. Jams L lkr mentond n todays Nesauses sorro here [Waco, xs,] here the deased had mayends.

Dr. Waler was born n June 84 a Mancer, England, owealthy parents, o gav hm a lberl eduaton Afer aduatnat nsttutons of learnng n ngn, Frane, and Gerany, he b

came onneted wth e ondo es On reacng the UneStates e becam an ssocate o o te Cgo e I exas ao o o ol o h S oo eal, oo E, loala N Asttaesan, th State Gazete of Ausn, and othr paper H asthe auhor of wors on senoaphy, emry, medne, and cvengnrng ad a radn and spakng auntance wth enng angugs, and was roent n Grek, an, and Sanskr

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In 16 he was wedded t Kaherine Smit, f lnos, o urvvsm At s marriage cam t Texas t is wfe, ad borereturg to epaer ork e taugt coege. He traveled aver bo hemisphere"

. Wake's ame a ory, smpy Jams Walke, te taL being adopted te xgecy o s mail ma becomng cofed t tha ote ames Waker some o te varous ocates ch he ved. Bu a e wa kon as ames Walerto th Lbea Word, b om te aper il doubtles be rtread and mo apprated, te ame a be o wtte s

I wa ncdentay arned n onversatn it Mr Walke ta

Iconocasc ad Liberalizg ork bga ver earl n l, as hpu Cc a 40-lu aolgca pape d ebatad ectud o undas beide, o almo to ar pro to marrage a dparture o exas, c sad to ave occued 6 he ae was ustaed prncpa by Freeter mercatso e cy; a ahoug gatered a codeabe t o reguar

ubscbers, te cold, dam ake cimate aected Mr Waler lungsand troat so unavoraby tat e abadoned te eters, adoug a ad mder tmperature of te oue.

His x iovating n f l to wa, anear as memory serves, ome artcle on ocece," cotrbutedo Luce," at a tme pubed at Val Falls, Kasa eser, m aa corrct, td p ver br opptom ome of te more motoaitc ead o tat jura butte also carred o seva vauabe adhees t te dea peseted

Aga, eas 6-, Mr Wake, ovr te om de pume , m v rt prpaao te e etcs b mea o ome rte o te Dut" dea, Librty," t poeer og o Poopca arcm, te pubsed n osto, Mass Here, oce mr, mot bitter opposton wasaroued, practcay dvdg te narstc camp; bu e rmeabsed te Egotc da, ad carred t im almost aU tereaders of ta oural, as e s i edtor mog tose o rom

eadng th dscusso e ed t embace e gotc psop,were te pocos ad pubser o e tte magaze Egosm,"trog w te pubcat te capter a naugua

I e abovedcatd memorae dssion bt, rWaker o te dtctve tte of ater of Egosm mca"Atoug Dr apa mdt, a cmparatively ukon author, adude t om de ume ax tre, prevoul ren a matrand tabe ork Germay on te poo, M Waer ad

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thout out d systemized the me in this countr before e herof Ser. A a esul of is disusion in "Libty, tntive

an wiey-stributed school o t etet soity spung intoxstence, nd inludes among it dherents the brites nd blesti poiit o our te

In tis discussin or inciden to it, Mr. Wke, in pintng outtht Anrcism is rey only t olitic rnc of Eosm ope,so eed cei or ggesting te gnelogil nd consistenyerptiv nme, goitic Ancis, for the Ancsm ithtegnte Piosopicl Ahm, to disingui it chol omtht of he psial force evoutnit wo lso lm to b Ani

r lke's ne n lt eot n oilog wng w tecpters erein conained Ti ws to e fllowed by teti onLibety;bt to try expeient o beting our cnton Thee ten to be one on oneyn exhng meu; n anohen Lnthe to poe iving; n ny, Sggetions onClnzin H entertined, f , th me coopoitn noic ies t re eld by l f e Ancistic oo, bt he elieve tt une reen contons of witng edution t sointo te msse, nd s n eucto ite, coloniztion w ily deble One pln ws to oloni in citi, in gven ectin i convent, n to tive to iev n inpnnce y t tivertin tonae to e meber o t oon, n ny tut t it in t unit t lge Teth pn wa to ot te n n g n t gnduty o n purely vunty bi; min ie beng ge

tn o pp w, ts liintng s piblte uthoitin intefeence o tin poti it

Be th projcte ol wors, M ke h putinto muscpt, eve y befoe s t, two eutinwks he ntre o te one ip e my tgther; teote w a system o Spn otn Bt on t the iniene o pnipekng ppl tw oen th in puing teir litertre, it pubton w bnone fo t tie

n t bjt tption, but ee wer all t e ne of in e incintnn n ic ll tht i e wtten w btine nteted in teety, and in yieni but notng w mentioned o a teatise on ither ubect

Duin the yers at Wk w etoilly cnnted with Glveston News, e continuuy wrote mstey nd powefltices nent te vious oltical issue tey pe. Tee

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he ed of ll contempoaies, s none could gainsay is agumes,s s e on h conoeible pnciples of is pos-oph n t my be e hat he Galveston News was eveee h f he school h epesne, i beig he oyily ppe n the wold enuncng ny soud economic and oliticalocins. But in ime thee came an end to al this Finall someone f gnble posios n ifod cotem-po ppes, hch beng unble to nswe te agumens, statedhe mdog cy, chy" So, wtee may ve been e in-cnaon of he News mangement, the esult w tat M alke

as ece to e meel mecnical fcio of coectng fo thecoposos, copy ht had been wien by othes.

e coninung in his menial position fo tee eas, induceens ee hel ot by cen wealthy Mexicns nd esiden ei-cs coe o Moneey, Mex., and esablish a SpanisEnisl nespape. But by he ime M. lke coul aive on tegn, he nhuss of hese same pesons become so limht he anone the enepise. Teeupon e sted n Englis

eel ppe fo the paonge of the mecan colony numbeingout 000 pesons. And, alhoug opeating i a county i whiceve eito s ectl esponsile to e goveen o eey wod ulshe e ceate a local ppe wc in s scope andpneon of subecs haned was pobably neve qualed i anycoun. This he publised fo seveal yeas, but publications cut noue h ecans, and ecns locted in Meico soon becomeecnzed nd eqully dsineesed. Teefoe he dopped publi-

caon, nd entee upon he acce of medcine, haing ben l-ns acce es befoe in Teas.n he e 1902 M Walke and h wfe cae to Dene to

sen he hot seson away fom Mexico. t was uon is occasont the wte was favoe wt te eoal acquntace o imn hom he leed to eveence a love moe han an oen he ee e nd, when te anulg blow of fe fel, e wouldhe e o he as of his fathely and botel mase, een as

h sme chld ees o its mote but ala, fate ad caeflly de-oe he bm man ys befoe se lad agae te wound.n th le pt of yea, M lke etuned to eco

o spose of hs eects tee, ten to vist he St Lous eositio i1904 n om ee o loce somewhee in the Ute Stes . Tesposl of hs eecs had bee accomplised, and e was about toleave eco, hen he was oetake by e ieviable monste He pssed hough he ellow feve epidemc in Monteey tt yea,ut o wout e tacke. Howee, he succeee n beakin

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It is said above that Mrs alker was left to "prt one, etcFiguratively, ths s tre; iteraly, not There happened to be one

rica i a earby ton who, fortnte ws n ntncead big summoned t the last, aded so fr s n hs power toe d of this caamitos tragedy

r alker as an idea Egoist hile he aght the doctrines ofqui hrver the subject ws seasonable, (and the hublest novicecul b o r ready at all times han he to do ll share assciativ rt with his on kid); nevertheless he permtted thePhilistie World to pay hi all the homage and ibute it cared to

H acrced none o hs strength promiscosy pon the ltar ofquality to the uappreciative qal,as s the wont of the evangelistic ethusiast Toward earnest persons of his own generl socildal h ight verow, as he has so ptly, forceflly, nd yet ncially put i an early chapter, bt ways wth an eye to raial liie hich, n his own mind, incurred no obligton onh part of the person thus faored t was his de that n cooperaiv eort, th dirctors of work, or "bosses, shod not generaly

civ ater copesation thn the mnal workers te sameli sic th opportuitis for relaxation wold compsate thmr h ear value of heir serices rendered to the body t large

I assciaio r aler was of the most loble o e clm,courous, profound, and yt humorous pon ccasio, bt nverligh In cversation, evry proposition ws an appeal to reason;hr a o craig of th ssumptions of authority down thel hra H was as spoaeosly in toch with the spirit ofth ccan i th hovel, as wit that in the drawingoom He regardd h varig codios of the rich n nd the poor mn ita ae cosidratin hich unlike neighbors ght ech ecitfo hi H ade no ry faces a the nconveniences of the poor,or did h fan over e luxury f the rich Neither was there ftical rebuke aifested gnst the commnder of oplence eluciated at as eat length nd with the same nterest to the one so th othr What h iparted, or what he gave, was ven ith thear of a pric Thre was none of th wfu ipng tat is evnced

by te oralist when he does on of his "Duty snts, which seemsto hav cost hm more than it eve cold e worh to an oer perso barig Mr alker ws dgied withot a sstio oaustri r o sbbishss Tll, and erect in carriage, msclar atlic, h as sure to atract that attention which melts intoairaio His angage, whle absolutey correct, owd witot g f the strai of pdagoc discpline so conspicos n he consati te ajority of "edcted peope All o enoed his


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condence and won hs terest must ever reet tht the pesntho of lxo oaio e neer to be rpeatd.

Neve sh I orget the ast evenn pent with ths gnuney tunknon. He cae out to y bek ite sububan hom, where nt he enn aoe, and nder th timuus o e parting occason and al e na tin beng et and sd, he emd ore ancent thn e hs ia deoccy and ebrcn cordeshp. was by t wt the ceaet of Colorado's cer kin the btet o her oonht, and a we st n e st oen, tehooeeity o h cene;-e et s, th t , n the

eat man, ay assuted even y usay preoccie sense.It s Mr. Wker' oe to ccut at et ortndpendent ortun, beoe aunching nto considabe eort oociooi a oth nnovatn ritgs. Th prt o hs proamw fairy wel accomlihed, when e Gleton oo ce obteratin uch o hs hodns ogether tere ben a consrbeoron of it at he boto o e se wh te tida wave subsded.So he obabl old he ote t let e oe years to re

arn o r as possb th beach n hs otune, beore uncoerigi lit o orl o uneond eniy Bt, as........... !*

-*Th ketch shoud, tny, have be ritten by Benj R.Tucke, prousy reerre to a th dtor o "Libet M kerhad no wae end or eter adrr ta Mr. Tucker, who

posseses n addion, e advnte o schorshp and terry tranng, so necesary n comrehensvey and ucy ebrtng so

othy a ubect. But Tucker s brod, an t dte o hsprobabe tu unknon Moreoer, the pubcaton o the booketat is e seemed vey urgnt, nmuh s the deta o the worker i ch s t o on be cod e oe tsk. My heath, o, ws n ch recrou condto thatie tse was unuy uncerta. For ts reson Mr Wke asnat ery no to coete th wok h t as t posibe. So I ndertoo te sketch myse, hong to rdeem it in u edon wt on itte by the ror erson. Ts one hben itten betwen roun o on nd insection, whe on uin he enneoom o a tea pant, nd ithout cces to any dt oe ud y or, oy by bured by cic

otraon e who wa en coecte to oxey the rent sha th n o oe frind.

HENY EPLOGLE

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H PLOOHY OF GOM

W sk undrstanding of facts or gidane ac, fo vd-n o mistake and srng ad v fo rsatn to th in-vtabl. Ths statt my ov th chf s of akd inntllctl dscssion gnong ow that hch s mly a schlastcxcs I t rnt t sl of h at

schoo ml to sharpn th ts Sincrty s too pcos to trnishd b a practic hch asly gnats an l habt andthr a at last as t too many occss n ral l on whchr prson ho los to tl th trth and pos flshoo stconsd tm and ccstnc lst h ipal hmsl upon placabl prjdcs Consqntly if dplcy hav its uss th db no fa that t ll not b cultatd withot contd osthrto mong thos ae skng ntlltal lght

ha placd rsignaton last thoh t ay b st n portancfo so ndvidals I take t that th lif forcs a son nohn ost o y adrs to d n propgs to cton hch sho ns n h lrl spa hch wold concat os c ns t ach conos of hrn.

s t a at tht th s a consbl mon o l sand at th sa tm an itriat srs of pol njs pad b ankind sch as s not dscovrabl n any oth spcson ath? Thn may ask what h cuss o s n soccan h b nalzd, and hat is th ate or of ancnt y f ow t ods z o to th adh ill asily rb that al anas t ma prats ord-ng to that pincipl Do ha of faatsm aong th ofhtin hn th sps cpt in dnc of th sons andpoprty or on a matt o rvary btn h mals Bt watdo ad h hstor o ankd t wos was sc-

tions and catastrphs bggaing dsciptio and all latd nso a to th dtnation of nkn to ntrf th achoths' actions thogs and flngs fo the upos o maknpop hn ttr a btr as concd?

oal Lal s n td of ang that th ascrl ha b patd y gots sey fo h as stood ; yt mo t thologcalLbrals ay fond prohibitioiss and taatonists manfstg


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a holy hrror of a man r womn wo smply t to be et ew o ne, d wh russ join i n

schee of coercon. They nsst tha he cannot eno sch berywtho etrment o socey, an ter re re o tg tt s nsensbl o a moal prncple, a tey vew te ater eare bgt nknwn

B e re c le s e le , h prcc te rlelaissez are? Crty hr ar (Thes wors are Frenc amean "Lt em o, or "Lt oer pepe ae a ar a c)P et cre t i cece b

Pr rt ye Arc ev r Anarch t strc nd roper pspc ee e tranny,-the rgaon o bse teter b vr a crc

Wt som reaer te prcept tee rets rerreos beef a pica ntts n t crn nterance wt the beter habt ter ece t erwn bsne, w hae sgete te ent t wc

c e are r b ; to net n artc re bt t te ee re atre tere be an go tere r n t te r nrma con at all ents, lea r er cssn dvsableweter r o ny artica sbute be pose r coenbe

N t m tater n er ee f We te er n ctnatry, ee ther w o, ec etn ech oter lone except ner certn cs c hvecs a metary cct o v ere e humanle f artfcalty, perer a er, c c c ec tc t eeece r eecv cce e exce r c ben t oca est, whc bee are r ere s as o dtas o condc, sc r xe s tt te rop e u ece ccr c erv r Dr c c

concson ppars ma nes to ece nr nt n ees aanonng h rt a mater cr o le b th treamnt of nvals o te ece b rs n erclt aon

I may h ancpa an obecn Smene eerI preten hat Egsm men te ae as a. t say no, bt e prevence E rece tererece eve e r e e e e


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in others' aairs, eliatig every motive of a fical ccter.Iasie deelopets of Eois o loger eored by thestregt of the ultitude uder a spell of persoal magetis wiprobably o be ve rd to del wit; e for a of scessu ee i e aute or abaoe with speies Tus goism is demosrbly te seed-bed of te oliyd bit o geeral oerae d if ilae be te prie oberty wo dey tat the tedey, within oisi liits tose asio is te sure creor ad susteae of ile? Theaprizig, o-Egoisti plosopers wold ple tolee upo loudbak foudatio o setimet ad attempt to rempesit ne words of pise he me who a be pesuaded to foreon adatage wic tey it take of oters Lie the preaersho piture te plesure of si ad ure people to refai rom it,eir ttepts are ieitably utie

t eet t e r eii of oi

e itioaries us be resorted to or expltios o te meais o ost wrds, bu i y sciee, a or pilosoy tere aeo ldig r undeto i a moe pcis man than htra oo r ass o eary reate siatios ie n teitionary uer oe ter Te dtioary is le a a o teor whih shows where a outry is wit elatio to all oeroutes Te eitio of te ditioay is siply objete olosely alyal ts lagage is opula as i e sea of

bak ad wite as olors All tis is we eou People eeiormation whi wl be tre o appearances, for ratial ur-ose ad ee so wide a extet o tis a oderte opss,ta tey are lad to et brief exlanations or even hints t menings,prere by men ske n classifying lnguisti owts. Hene,

w m fd e opuar nitios s o ut ot

better an to dene ceese as ondensed m. The s-ale

snonyms have iere shaes of meag, bu dsputats easly

yiel to the tetation to ssume an identicalimpor in two ters,

ometimes for te purpose of blckening one by trowing upon it

n i onnotation wic deres to he oter; nd coversely te

hearer is usually able to ndersand imediately wheter te seker,

if , i fnd hsti twar objec mrly by notigthe ters osen in audng to its existence. We rarely fn any

sentenes tether wthout a moral jugent bein onveyed. Su

judmt, frm a Egoisi pont of view coul be ustraed y

representin a begar extollng charity.


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he deniion of te specialist, on he ohr an i lk a mc ow bu bw w curi

atept o ow ntng ele o te avgao land a eahs vel i ot ater. To t polcal enot a lae ana d of o re ql land. ali are conrnih two diernt s o idea, refre ern a ofe oject

T t n f Wr' iy Egos, s tt edr o lredy undra e r a bn used n pctc loop for or an fry a

a barely reonize t iea a one epe dan a ea. "he a of . dn of ryn y relatioo one's inerets o iportance, i r' nar aroan t ene c t ndvd d i r e or a allioant t te didul? Only n te en ta rr e go s intr are no o e under a s nteltul and ntienal inres n e nlun rerson B g wll e e lry o nqr o anyn

ca be engged in gng o anyn i an a aert in t Let u se a n onary mer rin or paragr lie t:

EGOISM, n. The prciple of f; th dtre dvduay; se-neret

elne

en I sall cent ayin at "e oe al a appir xpresion tan te nle ord nal for the

latr coonl ed o coney ida of e arpeculirii of arate Slf-ner all rric o unary inret and e le, inn a reroal n epleasrs o opanionp nd a r nllal afaSenes i oonly usd to ina lf-aao d

gd of e eelg os Al e ord iae Eom y n i al ra r lte tation arr aenton nrly ran; r

cod it bd ods or it e e onps aef ani v fl i oi i o Hence n n a n rain ay an y l rly anesaon o self, ut one y re aa ddng e ternion prei of ron an nm nic nstinc apar orret o exnt, or rray olar jun rrin rn n ar

1


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c m wa uce atns t c r er uc

m i ic, e g i mng menonre ac g ega eex acon as proablycc w e o n e erv cener (n n oerplasc er in e lowe ans). owever hs may be, reexacns r subj erus pue in ny speculave raspec T mi, , , w cncen e xuivne n, o s qualy. Bu he er of en n uvee; w e ne he lc s n purpose urer enng wll, wll

ju e n e eec eleging,a eman e e unvelze, accon ohese view, e ecoi he osc heory, o esablsh m vl c e, lu -cios in e n, l x acons wihu . An conrvesy agins e or wll rage alon he ne f volun-ar acn; ence pr o e e o gosm s al ha s essenal pu no enn. Bu I ve omed reex acon

in (1) eory, ve no igre n (2) uc reaci nfac, o c er e elf.

CnSUlig cnveience, ave en e lf weer meanng ppaeny e wl cordned energe o he sel o earcg epeg wer o a g or mme eProay ever were e wole eeres o an nml exee aonce ne e mulu o an moive or cmiao o moveshece cmm expressn s a exaggeion.

A curs o readn in sr, ploophy and cec, especllysanar liaure on evoluion, oeher ih personal observaono anml, nclng uma lie, wll gaduay cnvince ny nel-lien p l vu , cig a cn cls ac ul ereousy cal nonvolunay, ae caue bov cg ig s g, n h ereac o e g a move ccu a urely ccorng o eg cm mv e cmal eac;

e cuy uersg n e cmlexo move inuences (moves and composo of he sbjec v cncluson domas ve pen mv s w smg s-gnng e uts.Pl, mv nuec wc cue mveme Ter mse u vey u as well evey ensan Ta causes aec he go, an e go cnn but eac ace,herefre accorg hr he move and he anne


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W is xplanation and corrpondg aow, goupm e k f mey E in hce. ve

wn as swd b u mmes, , t t e cu oug s. T omps uats e em e ee to us an xcepon to t got pcp. WenJ me uo t e J u queug uua ad, and J s oo ustg o c t uata em cu mutual be e e o Ja's se w u

t wm opc; when

m m e sa c mb, m w Ms eer to t peomenon o a rutess m of m te m,s up t ebs w me o te atge t ee o etes w w e , cng bac n a cua acunt o a g Tu s m t ee a we w t e e usb, t e e t t e s w eeeec o er o ce b O t tet te ew u s o es o ma wm u m e eet w e qu ee w uappnss.

, b s an Ego ntury treats vble ornc or inoric mtr.The une become aw merial. The peron has e ower to

- w be z u d w us materil by ny of h othr rel or wuld- Egos r nqus of nutimn nd of b of oprions. Th gea would-beE, "s ogns reinfoes fiy n pr-un th heas t o flcy, b r pe ividu

wh m gnl oc as t ou ned e the en wttery, how it wil pay hm r ive y e x

nd ite, ll th whe xert a mr tris over ey

nd wak ou o lw , t subjthe

re Egto h cmpex wuld-e but me E. Fr h gd

h fmly, bu f itef t je f he h soc

gam." Th ta prats of the aedes o h myu

es t with a utsy wh s w teet is wh h

fmy tet. Th si orgnis" ocs te faly agst

ivid d h g mily s dy ea-

e aiy d obviousy i w nx t t so f

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s ti can be iingished om he comnity; ta i te "oialorganism ave no peranent ue fo epaae nation

But in peakng thu e hould no forge hat e op orcoectivty reect he il o oe mase n or a he iethe i of a re numbe unde he nuence of certan beleEither one o o o ree oe y d p nd it moion i. e comlx o moo m re or cetany a phenomenon be udied bu he ay no o dede eemen oive oe c o e e by hei omo so i i oci. eom ccoio cono noon n ccnce c eernete direction of personal dere he ceait o esie an ve-ion a move founde in elfreeation ound n e nueo oric iu om o xsec l dsis i-s c couercing make socd so l oreoi ccura acio o mke o t tiy s amaysicl c. Uity of s te sn of idviuay. lc o soc e p o iiul oouly is rom orrce o ls . y cou o o otr n r lo

rae line of le eiance but e ntellecu epraee bened oci ry

e cuch s n mport rou udr te heologicl beee primive chracte o domnn de i copemenryxpresion te imle an ranspaent Eom o ediatemotis. A perona rle jdge ad earder estng in beliefcommand ad teaten. e peon cice pa of plesueo roii s maser cau e r oer Hi sur-

vene n the invesing pi terrorized bo by eonl beiefnd e fea of ote eaticken eievers atul and ntolerane ope of heven nd fe of punen e o e ilegoism Mory on e me pae ncude e e o an ndhope o bene rom n compicate t beie n reiroleorceme o ecleic te nd hi a a uty ecomngmetpysicl i oubte more dicul o n bu hi eoy or anio s o id is redy sosd of a ole

ooy so ouo prcs e p io a ir lc y posive ia o proes mephysicl ae i ps away hou t omu be enielyc e acig oosio c soun mid m s r y courag o rk o rom t c ophantasie hich uceee o the cha eoi feI s os xam cou suesivey nd eve emosi

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ly, and ne habits o oit, spi inqiry iv intlecmasery o itslf and of h emotion whi had eaed

o sm tis ar of te sbje le o o prac ant-Eoisti dotines in the nam o diy, soiety or colleie hmani l u a i i no n Egiic ca r orsprs wo do no bow don to im bause e hik itwies o sbm; of a amil w saris sl o t ndiiduasand no te ndias' ope d wies o iself; of a ommniyor oitial or si sat wi dprts om h l of sdefneand seandzment; of aaton pretendin o peman a ot for sl and aans ry ndiidai ta

od sbta o its powr d inne; of a collti ani ta s not o tsel, h olltity, hou it wer nsayo disora and spprss ndidl dom i oleti did not o b l disposed toard the ottyo a las rain o oeat o is lia bent Se e a aim n aU Seness thei ommn aeticWito t old be lemna mattr nesstn ood oote owts

vCan te aisi b ldd n t Egoisic? Accrdig o a

stanad deito, oted and adoped in Wees dictioary,om Eeci Reiew, t rpy sems o b at can Tatnition rads s ollos:

ALTRUISTIC, a {rom t. r, ther}. Regadful of ohrs; proud of ovo to o; pp t ego

gosm wer he sam and as narrow maig a c,o cor eson wo ae ieny aee Buegotism beas the sam rlaton o Egosm as em sfss,se ih pupos h dogaoy sylable, ea m ewlcin term, sefnss ; hece w l s t dow that soe couc-tiv us for h m altruisi is not of eity xcude fEgosti osopy. Bu let i b bseve ta ais mad fo

Alruis, based uo an igoan or apicous limation of the

manng of Eoism, ad a glorifcation of h doctrine o devoton tothes, ntended to poduc a abit o slf-sunde ar held i omod of ou to be perio, and attibutd in cnlsios o

ou analys to dfi obsvaio and easonng, ad to th sub-

l workins of seshness . To be regardl of ots witin aso,

s nellie Eoim n the s plae, bt befor we o ar in we

dra a dstncion beee suc oes as ar wor reai ad

uc et no t t egd us a an d e-


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ttius orm o respe otrdes se ad makes a clam or oth-er becae e ar ers"ae a re o skng sel beforeh whch s exteal h l T he cple o worship,eal slaer sero aEgosc hogh To be rod ofthers o he rgh so for us, one or o Egosc rejocg. Whereecon has doe ts work ecey he ab o care or others o g or for coe l cce by some coer exper-ece; b le e hab eco og le he aes o esee bengurded d he setie of worshp srp he lace o good sese,the he Ego oe He le he marer wo has se sl ad

lashed his hem a xed postio llen aseep a red to oercurrents uer chaging .

Some Alrstc er rem me of he orhodox helogansIn ace o he acs o ysc scence he theolon adms haeeryhg h word roceed accordg o an arable ordru he sists uo gg a acal, os orgn The Atrusticri kw i ht t imme chc f tion o ecddal a each ur h career s eerme y cases w

precson, b e plea or a ltrusc educato, an tritcipulse , tt her th rcon h o gcses my e hs : ha he wll d hs pesure e o wef I y t e nds h peasure t, he gosty promotest; and those wrters ther pleaure n pang a gter ociwre, her ina eorts he ater are Egosc. The reectgprso may percee ha there s roo for mstake as to wha s hesocil welare. The doctre c deads ta a person shal orego

oe pleasure wo ag a deerae coco ha b o oghe make a e al choce s resposbl or cera m-ediate lessenng o welare a one pon Beyo tha i my e auio o gnorace

The belefs which rea a oe e regarg wha s for heil weare are wel ere rom ose wch scceed themOce was eemed ros to socey o teach a lae o read, adconqny jurios o olerae a slaeholdng commonwelhhe resece of a free rso wo ere o follow hs beral clinao h resec owar a ellge slae of deerg charcter and coc Those who ede o ocal elf whch r, rather h mae exceo by folowng persn nli-ao, ylded o wha as sce ee geerally roouc o be lec t h re y th rea a cogar o perso oer perso are cotbtory o e soca wefre;tha chldr owe alegace to her paret, a blood relatonspecur ogao o each other; hat ctze ee o feel oher

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hr s, h bcs an idealistic Altuit the seni hch ruis istgushe om Egim ote od e

, r As sm iviuals ae uh t b habituy rgrful of oter accoring to te merit,m arsans are haitualy carful of the tools an more yte- tady in ther meths of ork than oters. Does ths hy y r s it impy aru tha thy ar mrhrca a, ith exclt reaso at the fundation, exemlh a f charcer by hic a rocs f reasoning haig enst, he irmi is in soe chans of reasig, ecme

fir, ar ase r wthout sefconciousness? The ess arr h ges u the cld to ave is stock, at te cst toh f s scfrt nly, i not le in quantity, ut is conncedih r itigce, than that of one o aods te cold and letsh sc suer But a farmer ma ecome o aaricou tat he willgt hs mbs frz i is crae to ae a earlng fo te ake of tew ars t is orth to him Te le of mony iti reasn u Ec tain, but e t pssin h , h y bcs hs idea, hs g, mu cass hims ruis. hre i the chracerstic of vion to anothe, hr r a pr r t c are, h-g but ac c r r . sr he ie sc bwe the goist a the deote s h a lcy whn prso bec wiched t anoter pps x s s o se judgent a selfctro, thugh spcs fcinatin s saly crable by eprie, whieh sr's is cn b reached. he loesck man r oa

h th usi l by cotact with th articur prsn hac bu i cran cases asence or det reent the remey g ai, and in om f these istances the eal ma-y ifg Deoi t hrs, " it w b bserv, can e mad tt for oth sermos tha those eanatig fom the amiaeorass ho pr hemseves upo he ae uroty of asrvy usc ab f tout.

V

he a ho has fy or a dred uit o clothes mae fo i us, h woman who kes a cony of ca, te man os a prit srhus al ss f oos wic e can evr us,r quy illustratios of the subersion of reason a are t becs s Aruis the dee in hic Atusm upats a ra-tal Es. Let us tak up these case a consir thm e-t T av r tha e sut of cothes s oly a s rso


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isc pont of vew ho, whe the Eg ha ome nae purpoelydsmse the mmeate rata e, he a a e metme fal to retur t t fo ant amak, mery a ee d nqe we ee be ay bee expao eog of the nanty f e-anegat; I mea he ea, etemeueos ense o he wor a sae tht expectat oeson to e nvua. Te le altrt phae o gms ivae for a cmple beng It volve the per erbe Heun e r of gong no pea tum, h a the ao, eeraey og t of ght of a t eah ther lan, whatever rs there ma be o gettg he bjec t hch he er

to he voae o og s omp a nee gettg a; ras an orator enerng upo he owery path lutaon, mayecome captvae wth the mage h ay a ttery get ogca concuon whh he tene oly mometary t potpone oder to reah t th eate e

A obe, mery hat, a h, eem t aof an oher expaato tha the e preete, a a anatmwth crue ee amtte pg e ther,

bf eran o e ores are ero, a tus dene espte s eplrable haatetc, s eng pronouc ru n e n oneuene o e ccercs w o e efee by prese tru, ut w e atte hem to orgnae n unrean, I hul n epect hem t oct wa of acoung or l boy e rm trmBu he ou ev a he y phae o ltrm are apparentys nense as those pae whch are o mch pae an expaa

e upo b profese Altrut, a tereore premay reurean e r Coneueny ul e ra sowne ha be a thoy warate rea n amg that e one e have been accounte y thery the eeent of the omnatg power ea an etme, the the cabe accoune for n he ame a; peely a e may a tha te pysc evepmen eoy be amtte to accot fo thesnae an e aw, wl e tae t at fr he heep ae dee An moreover, whe a poce o eelpent hoto ho goo, he mue alege at ey a t hehe not anoher an racal eet or explanato can e p for correave a, but the preumpto o a general untyo proces ver trong Le an oneale par of he egogreasonng e admited an t grate t u at the cncete goo seemng goo n rum ae he t a aeyb infered uc o by rrne o e gos

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epeiened or arhendd,r it ma b an inst to hs "hon

or a bundl of Atrust belifs,th rso seeing slfprtectiono t l t t has ben etoy ee stll to bepeseved b annihiatng th estror, or o a mnae h wll atwith the energ of oncntratd ra rins, and in smathwit hs fmil, nton o ra il geralz a jury t soeo ben ily t me an u to oer o se, oun th s it ma b rea thewse, as a cool judgment ght d-tmne Thus what is riil slfdfn las , undr th n-unce of ths ason, and pehas quite as ft or ofter tanphlantroy, to th sare of his wn lif by th sbjt. Such a-ton has te mark of that sural Atrus alrady abudat l-lutrated and clearl dstngushed om a rational ltrus on-sonant wth th ri f sftrst.

We have ow dealt with Altrusm as fat, but w hav et to o-der t as a rahnt of uty. Bfor etering uon a onsidra-tion of th laims f th rahers f "mora dut and showing htthe allgd oblgatory Altruism is,uttig it to th test, whron

I aprehen that it wil b foun to be asir for a ma to assthough a nedls ey tha to entr into th mora kngom ofhavn,I wis t tit objction or ritism whi someree he sed n s on mnd le we were dsussng ellustatons f ed ideas . Th iser tok pleasur hoadn ol,but beause he was unde a ed de lassid hm as i the basne ltrutc; et for an nua to act undr te rle of eas-sue s gost. hs s th seminl diult. It is rsolved, of

ue, by eain ebal ubbes . e msmeizd subjetsms t at as an idivdual but h is nder forig ontrol. Ther eem lieis to at as a niil bt h is ntoxiatd oeerize b the forc of th idea whih has obtained an asen-dy inomatble wit th ri of individua rason.

A furthr rmak sms roriate hee, an I hae bougt thsase u artl to explai how far the hosoph of Egois drsfo the logoh of the Morasts, o, not ontent th ddg

men nt she ad goats, wuld be gd t divid idas of fats ithe sam wa and on th lins of tir own rjudis. With thmthe fats must osts, absute osts a th wa thrugh, iftee be oppoition in them n soe elaton. h ha rt anrong, good ad vil, truism and Egoism in thir brais as o-osits. hou nthing in fat is smpler to soud raso tha thonformit of th ra ma's ondut to the ordr of th sane an'sondut, barrig th substitution of an abna motve whih pa-

tiall suants idvidual raso, th genui oraist theort29


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em i cl ti o ar ner the ience rego en-

ment that i remark on he bect give hem a hock a ap-parey in the ame way a generat that e nt know G reccesaica athriy, a genera that oe ot know the acrepolica Sae an the ace ahortave ay t aer, trean oe prtion the concence ha wou ain uugateEgotic ean For than year reacer i the ervce rler have been preahng Duy, hmly, bion, pey o thepeople, an Egoim ha been the unspeakae hrror n our aye s cc i ee e aa-en in general cepcsm regang te uaton her athoriy, her oga Sil the heey o peachg, ehong an wa-ig mut n it tet t ay thi caca mae by enhe weah s ine by he ytem belie an umnpreache, an o ay nothng o caclation by ereacher the-logy whoe prospet a ncome eem me to nng oe-hing on which o preach an by hch to oain contrbon, nh he reaon ma h a phathropy o equ, en-

c, ciue e cyagey ean ervity

I hyoc e nt go cch he akes a magaze an enaee ue ay a e a age esay o etc, he p-por o ch i ht Moay, Concence, Dty rei hee Goormerly regned an with mch the ame retrainng eec; at aonoae men l agee a ee ce ae inpenae, neadc-able an ecesay or he coneaion o poperty, he ay, gv-

ene ad ocal orer, hence a ro Mra eng i manwhe eiteest as a pce woul be ubvesve o Mora ent-ment a uino t sociey; ween asume hat ocey at ocess Sc e5000 pe cen hs nvse Mc leare smpy e ecoc phee, he s pece y the Stae He aces aycena asace toar eepg oen n a eepve n ocecono o s eg uch ce po ho ealy i he

enterpe ha o be sne o purpoe alone he m be amer nly or else ee over o a rer ay ma" hei ot ee he avibl o pag t he ew even wthh oe en n vew

A eformes ho ae ot nelge Egoss r edoed wit tegenus of Egom contiually render themelve rdicuou by com-plaing of moopolt and tyants. Theeby they procam theMoraliic upetiion Tei mehod is botive. I ca at he es

lea people from one fom of tsu depedece o anohe. A the1


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wors nd ofen cues people to oi as of l osier hl nd o ndule n senienl delrions wi eab col

nd nelligen masers o incie stroger fors gans te reormr.Rfrm, inde, is or or conserative meocrt. weundrstod b he mny meas noing less han t relion n e reltons o mnind, or i s te exerie f the rf indviduls eir pleaure nd not ple for teir rigts."

The Moraists, or truits, coe wih tale of uty, r oraoblation. They sa h I ou o love m neibr s mysf ant u sie y selfy pesure. It is orriyig o th tat I at

onsiousnes o ssion, on enia impuse, auat ain, nd no i submission o he Moralsc jet of sience" undersa er wel at it is teir iat fear f aiependent person t s a e bottom of teir plai. hy acsoed o nk of mn s anerous nial s ctrolled by conscece " Few o hm have me o wh o otrfs o efer to uc siritual guide." I ower regar tercence" ientical wt e supertition wih ies Hio ro temseve eneat te weels o te sar ar a to sacred nials d sacr men o devour tir sbta.

Ar Aui rai, ii ai t lc teir pinciple nd crry t ou o is cnsque? Wil y flowr it led Ten we need no nsst uon the rie f topresse idea of Du nd t degaation of the idiia, buwe a take heir f pure, ittd i-iterst erever e t it. O r t intelligen Eg-

i wi rceive at trying aat th tuit, te s ner their psiion as psibe, but tat ert te isomethin o asehood, of contricti, i th iea tat l a ter ha a era iterst i te bt l ooter nrest ithot a sentient f sarie arii a tat if teconsciousnes of sacrice be prese t otie is ty, t .However, I diusing n eed pibiity,a if f Autievoion,n I do no expec in the statnt f th sti tsceed beer tan the Moraliss elves in mai te aiflscee apper woll rel.

part fro heoloy i s grs doati about su imen n e nials s soules" ahins f h a b, thga of Morlism, the duty of love o oters, bsy bas airec nd esenil reation to te capaity o oters to ejy ato ser, and no radcl disnin ca b ma bewen a uanuct a y ter anim The ati-vvsetin Morits stap o the lic o teir principle i oe prticlar wen tey iit

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ta pai ougt o o be iicted upo te ierior anias for teavaceet o sciece iteded or e bn o ain a ot

fr t ci or inivia ia orat uoThe cosiste Morls wil ow see wat hs pricipe requres

o i Toug te aia by reaso of t ifior intigencn want of seech and ads, caot fy res its cait,ser its rits," a aitai its iberty, he wi itr use isperior abiity o esave i nor eri otr to do suc wro iit b witi his power to prev t. Te ania's inabiity to artciat as a equa i socia afairs i grond for certi xclusions,t t fr ti, to, bjatio, cartio, fc br,sarin o te atra coat, rbbery of th oter i a drivin to t slaughter house By wat rigt does te Moralist sootr or crow, ct o th as of cics and treys, a castis ie or is et or s? If by te athorit of Go, I rey thatGod is te arcetype o peroa espotis,gois witot tbaacig force o aroiaty a powers i irt iniviuas ; a ta tere is o s autority e phiosohica Atrist as ef tat od I refse to rcognize te a. I oo to te

Atruistic Moraist or a ess brbaria answer. Ad t i rebr te incapabe o is secies,t idiot e aac Dos epit t wit a go cociec, as e taes ad ris a orse?Does e rerai ro fatteig a iig th oy because etis they are ot oo eatig? Wre a wat i i coscieceten, as to oter aias?

P o h a is safe i reectig at e wlvr b a bao or a r, v r,

whro his cofes Eois crop ot, y ef-rarf.Hnc bao a rats have o rihts that a v oh aprofse Moraist e rsec, xct th rit of tin frotortr. (Tortre is a ba ape It ca b iict o as w as o ohr ania a it os ot iitr to ny eao ite -itrst ) Bt what a ay t b accse ofeebe-miess or suer soe accit which wi iir i tal powers? How th ca sef-cocer be sit wh oe o hi

pcies is i treated? The other aasided e s evr t boe o e: wha does i tter to hi how o s te o ttou o ot cutivat cruety i yourf? (Te cr a is aerousto us ad ours

I call upo the Morais to vidicate is doctri by ayng i

cosistetly to te treatme of all aimas. Coing it to our ow

spcis is too Egoistic to b dd pur Moraism. I shll b very

muh surisd if ny suc ccal rspon comes as to disov

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e e cpe c s t te o goo heave accessbe to e of orar aty Who rejoceto ee the ahopper gettg hs a keep acreo s outo the he' et? ho w ee te amb ether ee polb r p oe bt r cocece e? Oe st hs oe hobby aother as aoter hobby but thee be oewho propoe to ve a o seea or te happss o aoter etet beg a ar s ey are cape of exerecgpeasure to repect ter bert a ebryoc oprg s co-cetousy ay orast oes tose o h ow peces s re-

ar h appearace upo t cee the ecepto whch wl vetrgy lustrate the rue vdu coct a I a be gto he a opportuty o erg how he mage to ve

ereucato be a vrte erty t the purer wh thecrce mae or vua o aother a wey eretspece I crg or our ow speces we ay obta a retr we

ca cer the agto ereo t seem probbe o t crg or oe o y oter spece betwee whc rsevestere oe comucto o m tegece a tu s-pathy but a a wats t ow pre dsterestedes et sare eure s cort e or oter ee ttw eter uertad r retur te aestato o beeoeceuc a pera trst w reect cees a a covcea he t be by orary oberat tat parate thrve est o

the hu boy whe there a etre avoace o oap a werSuch a see Moas wl ress a wou or py hboo for tese pratces ea ea to amaces. ere I am e-mnde a oy e o Ho as re o o-g at a rop o wter troug a poweu mcroscope. e tos costerato tat he cou t r wtout etroyg e

pera or ou be vee soees fro th potof vew o vers a motves a coct excg te ea ees e of e e be e eera orsm s excesvey sl saty. he sacree" e gers o uma e s mpesse uo te m o the evotee ora ome caes the resut that a ch s br ste oprg o rape. he spe po peope ay woer thod ca sst gg eect to crme he speral Morat whpre hme o cetc acremets may we ee cose wea hybr orm appear a a pactca comety po te alegeacrees "

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Sptua terror te trange mo melancol penomenon numan motive i eenll te me uence wile i lat in te

an or woan clang to be emancpate o theologcal ogasas n the belever n tose ogma uu e te it en-eall suppose root s destroed, n the Agnotc e an arplant.Ths ncaes that ts ounaton s not precsely where some ant-heoo tes suppose ee sbele ehova aleave te gnotc m subect to e idea o ot rratonalchaacter The bele in Jeova i e rt place occupe an g-norant mn a wen tat bele s expelle ether gnoance norear s altogeter bansed Tere s ome mprovement n he pro-pect or postve Egotc tough and entment o ocup t ownhee ea we nmeos xe eas o Dut to SocetDt o e State Duty to Huanty an uc rubbsh, whch aeertle o noxcatng n paralzng uence, an our talking Free-tner n generl tl shue to contemplate a peron uncon-trolle by uch etranng nences. " The magne ater all tate will go to te ev or run auc wtout moral restrant" Te

tump o ant ten, es not n the explson o an one orm onsant but n the acquson o an Egostic conscousness an sel-contol.

x

Under te had of Reigion Webster' dictionay ays: "A is-

tinguished from moralty, religon denote the inuence and otivesto human dut wc are oun n te caracter an wll o Go

wile moality descres te dues toma ,

o wc e elioawas infuence s ." Gante belef n a pesonal ule susson tohs wll s puence an pruence s Egostc. Wth ths concepohe u spoken of s not msteous : t s sevce b a subject-heslave's submission o the power which he fears. He beeves a tsoveregn ruler ha la upon h specal comns favo spces a eefoe h st e e bete an ohe aiml s . If t belef e an error, stll hee s no lne to be awn btw eente alleged duty and nteest. Thee s no dseesedess o

generot in relgou dut or moral dut,-or s ather n dut toGod or man for bot re ultmately du to h suppod heaven y aer.But Moralists aving gaine som oa is of mtua rl-

tion, wle unappl ignorng the act ht these deas e te pope

oundaton of wllingly assumed muual dus fancy that te havediscovre te justice of te allege vine coan or will, which

nong but a reecton of ther own thoughts, and henceforth they

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ne te hcinaion of mysc y nepeent of ethe caton o ease It s one task o gosc phosophy o anazehs noon o hes as onfuson o deas . hey o so r n somenstances as to dsmss beef n a mora awgve o the nvese andet ean unde the sae asnaton to Duty as the had and hs w wee eutabe and ther sevt wee swaoed up ton o his sce. Wht the ack s the nsght t ecevetat conduct whch makes o the ood o the seces s nataageeabe to the eeng o eah we deveoped ndvdua ence that

the conceton o Dty is scetcs as to spontane. he xedea of Dty uneted to nteest and not educbe to ccaonases by abstacton and fascnaton ke othe abeatons revewen ecedn pages . It eahes cear nsanty n sesace ths n neasonn ecsas

O couse one sefned pn of soe acua nd o evene s soees ose n ode to temnate ansh whh nonebut the sbect can apecae. I sch ases the aton s ostthoh e of a eb noant so as o xaewhen the cuse of the pan s an magnay obect o such a ea eaon as s humatn to the pesons feeng on because o atonnotons about t

If m be edd f he ont o vew o te soa ttaan as that cose o condc whch potes th wea o hespees s ony necessay to epeat hat the speces acs as gostcay as t can It hee sacces ndvdas to ts own efae s a se econo of eans n pantng Ausc conets n

hose tha ae wng to entean he. en neence ces oecognze utua nteests ths nsnctve cey o soca nenew vansh no one seeng to be needed

As o the ves sch as benevoene eve obsev eson knows tat we seek to get d o panu essons. uchsa, ae those o sueng n othes Many wtes have onedout how pty s sted by the sht of wasted bodes and hea thec o pan and how much weake t s when on an odna es

pton s ven o the ocasn aso how h moe eady th: ooae to he othe oo eoe than the ch ae . What has hapsnot been so genea obseved s the eason fo ts vz tht tech do not ee hat hey ae ike to need as whe the po aeon he ee o such need hee s que enouh n e eene ofcsnes o ae nscve athogh a he sae me pesona ae v n sscep s obtess e aso hatose ost ncned o enevoence ae most key o be oo n a

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ciety ours, where ne i ppoed t grw b prt r oate o t rt o or

XIT ggen ha er tt c re got t

ter no ttv g e ing h ften been ia t "ater te Materiat r tt tr o"spirit,-no oposite f matter. Mater he becoes syousy t etc e Mrt re tt e content tt oco tt tr no g tc rt to otr non enc non et ro etto ccor

to rgr orr or jct to t nheen o t beg, to or to rc r rgr orr o on o enoen Srt tory ert r n t ory ce "te re ntr w Mer ene cron t tnctv sm o eny n rove t een w nct n part t te roer rey en t cr tt o ot meaingle erce ctsI v tt n ct nerty Cor etnfnds

th

mtve n t r f tr trt pre tot rogr e ro t te e en v n rc tot t hey hve rn eog o ntr to ee eorer e

By eferring t t eton ry gvn o go t e tt t covr tory e ct I every ct o evry -mal were perfectly Egot, vt o to ot b t tot rtnn t no are explaned according to natural law as reactions of invidual wl

o motives presened n ircumtances. To at Egotally is un-versal, but to be in prt ignorant of the act sms to b alo neayuiversal . T tor o Egom t oppot t tory oAltrm, vt jod to Sprtm by gor d deyngte ecessary sequece i pheomea. (I make no alson to od-

r Srt, c roe to Meli.)But bond thi t can b e frmy sid tat utl the Egot hory

s udersood ad has had it ful infuence pon character, oserratioal atos w cotine whic ar t frt of ero, illso,fascination, fxd s, rendrig the nividual practically ot a

go,-ot n t possession f is ats,- thr wi be,

as ther are, actins not properly Egostc bt ise, tough no

gray o unrstood. Thus th Egostc tory a a practcal

purpo. The h al f sane,-that is to say al wopes rgios ,

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a oe,t I admt t sm as a oe, ot at al as the oastamt t o ot bow ow to t m thought o egad t as ath t a eem to m feedom, ad t cease asse s oead t comel me b pealt the osect of ealt I asse pow my w plasu and tg u my lease.e oast coen to eve as s on jae; s te Eo.set you gt, u pow, y pleasue. I m one of tat,I aset my . I appal o no oa a of od I ecogze e. e shall d u teests cocde we sall gve eacte bale e shall see clea f each the, accodg to ccmsaces.

I s o ca asse m gt, bt e u atemt t d so dees y ucee oy assg ou ow gt. I aoe canove m ees.

The Mals eteds t be e a blato to esect theght f othes an eve d them an wg; but e dees theghts and oes ot alw them al the ghts. He adcates s oan pple h a n msf ta te mutaon aeaemet cosute seo Rt. He oests agas Egosm

ecase t gs s sstem. At tmes he mages tat te Eost tk n anuage o oalm a t e hat n agwth Egostc ght the Egost oul ete ot to do og t aothe; ee the Moalst becomes abs, fo the Est oes tpte tat e ca alas execse s ght t og t aothe. It s a matte of expede wh the Egost hat og toaoe sll .

"Rgt gs o ma, exclams e l, a vs tetnat t of a ouse. Te clemet eathe eats o te seed, n th nevs ae wung. Te landld exeses sg, moatly.

T wo wro s a atn pon p pap f heveb to w Vc ad vaqshd a tw, a heals smpy ooks aay m e facs f lfe we e eacesa vesal atal Rght a ges dvdas th he vausats ad pos an the obat that hat s good o oe maetal some ll po athe.

Bt the secs? e Moals, ve om the fme sto fa dt deg a ths amo the old, at east thecnceit that s on specis s favred at the exense of all below it,andthsot b t tegece but y a ve eee atal ma-g he spoato f the o a ule ov o al Rt,akesrefuge n a belie that te welfare of te spcies may give Mraaw o e ddual. Hece he gma hat the inivdual exis fr

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te ece ere t o, te ndidu mgt upo :xsti ty cot, sumig tht e is h he kno et o the cie, d

tht h tuor l mgt rol e roviio for te ecieTht Right, y te Morli, hch e erve the seis . Adht bt svs the spc Te Molst ll rly ry : tht ic i Rght," tu completig litte crcl ogmtism. Nture, oever, eem to y tt ecies suvie y thesuvivl o teir dividuls. The Egoist wl d n himslf crtilov d versios, d e my thik tht th secies i tkig creo ite just in roortio he is folloig tose pths hich ive

im tctio.The Morlit, ecomng more hlosoicl, uggets th the rof itrest il cee me uderstd eir imlr eed d thepossiity o mutul eet, ec og i te ecies m ecomer r c. ith ou ht, y h Ests, y u ot to egi y cricig u . the lter orlism merly ro-tc drem o rmo o teret throu idom, re otithout oe tht t lt te dremes i recogz iddulitys th coditio recedet to t ullment of tir hos. Thelo eeig i the sec i certi ct. Let u tke it o hte d it to e d not temt to pce it in tgoism t our i-dividulitie A te re dvloed the ecesity ll pper rch o to coi omwh h ndvdu o ps, tus th cs of te eci" i e recognze.

Seliterest mks itself d sys suvey w sek th o o th

species, ist o yig buty, e y pick up tht othiividus t si rom thei s. " e ot w th spces sctristishd rom idvidu? Whe go so tug crice for the good o the ecie t re e ut rsd yocrte? Persuio s miged ey h ry iisrd to th vity of th individu, d it i no to gd thtthe ol hlooher tter imlf s he roceds to re hthe vil mgie to e ervice to ecie . Asumig te poitof view tt he sokesm or the ecie, th dictum th tht s cuct hch prms t trsts spcis a sumediccy or veild tero i te suppose iterest o the But umig iividul poit o vie th qustio i Hetyshed. t thn ecom ht use c m o the spcis o tcod?

A ummry of ethicl tchg o Herert Spce ys tt ostutn te esiity of the esvton d osrity f t40


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gvn scs, thr mrgs th gnra concson tht n ordrof obaton th rsrvton of th scs taks rcdnc of t

rsvton of th nddua ss h adms, has no xs-tnc sav as an agra o nvuals," hc, th farof t ss s an nd to b subsrvd on s subrng th -far of ndvdals, bt, contns t summr, snc dsaar-anc of th scs nvovs absolut ar n acvng th nd,hras dsaaranc of ndvals maks fulmnt sm som-w mor dct, th rsrvaton of th ndval mst b s-ordnatd to th rsrvaton of th scs hr th o conct "

Tr ar svra fatrs of sohstr n ths Lt s, hovr,not rst th dmsson that th scs s sm a connnt rmNo, hr coson s ossbl th saf a s to a as th trm.Whn ts s don t b fond that n rstatng t forongroostons t bcoms nssar to sak, nstad, tr of a ths o xt o or of vus conthout cton But h hs smn s t trm scs nboth snss or s, th s orr of obaton, h has arman obaton to subordnat th srvaton of on nddua tothat of anothr s ths s ntb for th ros of t croang th ndvdas bt not for th ndvda actng for hmslft msf as th vctm, th mmat nfrnc at ths ont st nr s xodn osc oc of th crod

f t ar of othrs s sbsrd on as subsrn m fr,t can nvr b tru tht must subordnat m rsrvton to thato or or s s o r , wch as l m o of rowd, to th xon as r m s ar

rom t rod. condtons of bnt m at as rsrvaton.Whn am contd ot for nonrsrvon, for ood of otrst must b t othrs, no , ho do th contn out. n t rstrms nr ss for t ndvd trag t crod rom ro motv b n t oncuson ss for h rod orsom of ts rsrd art ontmtn t scr of an d-vda, t ts sfg ons of ar ludd a slosmT fr o cro m : tt s rsonb to -

u. T rson of t u m n to ro t s rsoab ro ros ot o ut ss o rs ots of v s , ot m o to n osm h oso of wh s mr cos concuso.

No xamn th scon rms of th slosm h ds-aranc of th scs nvovs bsolut falr n achvn t d"Wh, n fact? Bcas th dsarnc of aU othrs of th scsbt msf nvovs t? ot t al; bt bs th trm scs n


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i ind to the preservatio o ich inividua ea is to besdad acrdig his idea. The "sal orgasm ia hasapturd nd s usn do n ban fo asacri o sl to is idol is spiitual onst.

A man s rd to do rta ork ad ha s ten ald s duy exang o sevics ows to a muual udersadig ebtis s n on se and h o e ohr ad wha at ay m isxeed o balance te acu o un te scae as usual ad cae aim so as iue the muua avatagous aangemet o udersandn is also cad oes du. W sv iscomuso it is ikewis cled duty.

Maism when it has gaied itme og o ejctsavey to a eso ude subjction o id oveaed pysi-ca foce enies that he saves duty is uy. But i e save aselded hs mind to is ase e henoeon is cearl tha oDut. When he Egoist is oscited e does not ague tt is as- u Du I i siu t s est iconsdration is enou. T act that some saves ae govered bya sense o Duty funishes the plains evidec hat Duy is meta

svery.But the Moaist caim o Duy hat it is not awas mnt

savey. It is tu tat he ca conse the issu by using h wrdDut to describe all those habitual actions in he doing o which nommedite beet to sel is thoug o bu us kep to h ansese. Dut is wt is due. Te domination o a xed dea begnsw adms somig u ad y n du o ay so orsmeing due wihout ene coming to one in u and of couse

wen a eu en is calcuatd upon the ida s inrs. iest is sublmatd so as o los sig of sf i assumes o o ve i te asnc o oppessio. Evinly th rseo ear in e causaive ciumsances corups e sumaig oesa suls i e ossiv ss of Duy. is ossible f teMolis nding a sries admiable aios wic ar welligpeect love o ratitude to cal these Du on a examatio hichwil sow a ee e oer sudy is cnuc he cud d i ithe emes which woud srve o csuc a ise sche o e-cipoa duties. h Moalis taks o D whe he fac is spon-ir aitue v vei ie gsadvancin o aid al tat is see o make r our god e ks aandom. His sste o thouh s diated at me ned o bcnred by a sse o Duy. Le him sik o ha o leav i. Wdy i. Te docie o helle was lng uheld ud th sameida hat i was nedd to cool men. ralisic Du is the ad

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ened dregs of fear Generosty s the overowng lness f a sc-cessfl, satsed and hopefl ndvdaty

"Iought" is no stmbling block to the inteligent Egost. Two per-son are playing at drughts and a btander ays of one: "He ogt

to have captred the man to the left, not the one to the right. Thereis no sene of moral obligation conveyed n the remark. It s as-sed that each payer tryng to wn, an the word "he oht n-trodce a sggeton of what was wantng to rodce the eslt Aprate endeavorng to captre a merchantman and takng te wrongcorse wod say: "I ogt to have aed on the other tack. Towom was the olgaton? To hmsef So men speak o ther dutyto temsles, meanng the attenng to pyng wat ckng tother welfare.

Thee words duy and ogh are not word to e reecte Theyre n constant correct se n everyday lfe, and t s not te se othe Moralt, ut t can e oserved that every hmbg poltcanharp on the acred dty of the czen to do th or that,ome-tng that he and h party are nterested n and that he cannot readyrove to e to the nterest o the ctzens addresed, or he wold do so

nstead of tyng to get em wth m on an appeal to sace dty

xv

The posed nward mno whch wrns e oralst agansteang e sacd a Rh, as t aonishes the elevaganst oendng God, s that whch "doth make cowards of s al,"n e angage of te ramast. That s conscence One tnks eknow s Dty and wth ths thogt come vage fear d self-reproach for not havng oeyed the Mora law not smpe fer n theoralst, rather a confsed feelng t a feelng as clearly dstinsh-ae rom the sple fear of conseqence as Moasm s dtngsh-e om a calclton of nterest The ead s as unene as tAthort r the rech o cneqnce, or both, are ndete andmy arehnded

The act that the dctates conscence are the reslt o scaededcaton (realy ndoctnton) estalsed y the songest

roo on ever and. Ever regon as t commandment aow-

ever bsrd they my pe to othr than the beever, cocnnorces ther oservance. Morsm contnues n a general a thegos terr, mang many o t may e me oady anmfe the sacred oect.

Egosm, on te contrar, regards conscence as sperstto t stre that y a mpe analyss of the ord, whch el con, wth,and sciece knoedge, we can hae the denton : te esaton,

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sentiment or reecton rgarng oureves whch accompanie know-edge of our vountary acon But a an Egoist has sipy eihr at-

isfacion or reet an oe no juge e y reeree to ananar o Duty, e annot ave a glty conence.

s most to the purpoe ereore, of Egoitic philoophy to looko the means of destroyng he suprtio habt for it is a otrou fat that self condenation coiue oewat after reaoas assud the subc of te error of te dorne wc claie salegiae

A sily coscience s to b extnguished lke oher inconvien

abs by rslute acton hav known a compotor wo ee-gy could no place a leter n ie whout rst makng an unnecesay motion wih t agat side of s composg sick; a taes-an who cou r aed no go o e hou placg hsboos a e wore tem; a you wose reao reected orooChrisian ocines n whch e a bee reare but who a quams,wch surprie m aout tuyng on Sunay; an nel who hadkie a ma but ha nohing to fear from the law who nevertheless

a he orror i his ream, ad evral peso wh freelove ieabut inonsisen n prctice n a way ha showe the rule o their oldcoscence Soe o hese hgs wll srke everone as big riicuous Of the insancs c ony one not amt of coecton byEmerso's ue o g e hing you fea to o ly belevehat f te an who ha a lfe on hs cocence a take he rational eto of ong al ele wc e kew to e enble, hs miu a h o c b -guilness. The Sunday hol young man eazed ha h cosciecewas ay or h habt of a supertou bef ad n a moderatem he overcae Other have had iiar experencs as to bookan convsaon of a blaphemous characer and braches of thsocale law of moraty n te sexual rlaton Rasoning i well is pace, but acton necessay to ake a ee a or woan wheo ha been raed to ave a concence n ay partcular. mely aci ch ce peaue a. t o pa ofpilosohic Eo to pay ore or advanceet tan it s wor.

The org o e gulty concience ay be shap, such asefeat, capure and lavey Wen men rom exrcising matery aneven cruely, are uected to the rule o h tronger an more war-ke, their energie are ed nward in bitternes agans heselvesUpn hs gawng o humor ome e suggeio rom relgouseef, ta t ucofortabe feelgs are et y te ta god a

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wrnn ry le y o wo alrey lievetat defat nd mforn re nment fo ome lae of uty to

ther dety The cecking o an acti creer nd mblg o thevanqed roduces ilou teme and morid rit, eady orascetic rites on midrectio, ecase ever ready to attrue msfortnes to omething other tn teir simle natral cses

he gulty conscence recede the good conscence. latter oting ut the conciouness of the gulty conscence rmedyexitio, atoneent or owever beliefs run

Before the gulty concence there wa he sontaneity o te free

savage After te guity and te oo concence tere s t erenitof th selfconcios, ovrei, intelligent Ego For convnence ll hereater se o hm smpl as the Egost. hle all men areEgoists n so far as they are not sionares or madmen early amen are n fact artly lnded, ashame of themselves, not ully os-sessed of temselves ey do ting for concience sakeEgostcmetod n manetey rject relgio doctrn, ut e sense of sin" they ve a horror of certain cts ecase codemned

by a moral stanard," an o forth. Tey o not even uerstndhat they cannot e snners" excet y admtting a reus stadard of rghteoness;" tat tey cannot e mmorl," wcke,wtout thnking as sas ad Moasts h o gu," sobed-ece" atura acts. he caot eve ca hemseves Eosts tother satisfacon because the relgous word has bran evertura mpuse as ve n unsanctied" consequent Eosmelfdirecton te m o l ilainy, nd tey r amere yacceting ther langae from he relios old.

he rea Egost s not even he ho has meely see thrugh theeat o orasm, bu he o as outown is habtl swaybro ts sepr, escrate ev srine of suerstion in is eaor else bee moe hpy orn an reared ta one n e tousado ose who ve toay o ever ve

XI

The Egot voics syg : Fore s or sis Htogs tae a humorous tu an h ass h o not the thof forgvg themselve each one is own sins? Why cannot hey eke the fater? If and m faher are one," I can o the act o theaher ad forgve my own sn He who dares not say : " o motcheerflly forgve myself all sin an miseeds hve ever commt-ted or hal ever care to commit," s certanly not an Egoist.

orlits proond the qeston Doe the ed jtfy themean? e who aes on eer si o t sho ot te qualty

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of Eos t s a queston or oralsts, to e answeed y reerence to their standards of duty. he Egois ak hether heame s oth the pode and in ths ense he coul ue e verywords uoted in the ueston meann, however only parlrappcaton of means to a partcuar ena queston o epenitueor rsk and pobabty of an Eey case beng decde on tencie of econoy r of state, the enea oral question sap-as e Moras s left o anser hs on queston as to whetero not e wl entue to eak a "oral law n order to accopswat e onses a mora good

Anoe ay o puttng our ctcs s that the queston can e

aoded "Does he edence aant the verdict? Bu hen, ousay, we ust know hat edct and at edene ae referred to.Quite so and he uestio : "Does the end jutif he eans? iseual vod o eanng uness e earn what end is sougt and wateas are proposed.

But suppose e becoe ore specc an ask : "Is the kin o aeretc justed by the probabity of savn one housand ous romerdton To ths I say t concerns the Morast, no the Egois

In order t k, no justcain befoe the ribuna of consciene isnessa t, sa, osic satesman fo t s a ece f suerston In ths respect "a thins are aful for hi, but al thinsare not epeient e heetc as to hank the thousand therhetcs fo s munt rom eing kled for hees. A coon in-terest untes th n soe eases for selfprotecton heir daneis ut the eat bcause fanatic e ho n adon o he rutansns of ann ae ossessed wth the dea of a ora paon

n oer encoua en to o iolence as a sece, not o he-ses bu to a ce of chuch or socet he Eost astes nobrath to eae th fanatc that the en woud not jusfy he He s at te i as fater o e ouh he d- of ta uscan a nab ce, ke ewo's brie reaks to e lamb at the strea Tha wo as no antura wolf, but a oralzn of; stll atogethe a wo in ac.e oa an s ess fank and oe cunnn tha the wole od paaze hs enemes teacng that not a couses ae"justale ten en ey spar i an e ets te powehe does ot spare the Te end ee juties he ea we aoast s eng ut; alwas en a Moast s gettng te esto te ght by uusua ce an usupaton.

XV

The of ne ecedes tat f jutce Dr. auce e4


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Feu hs book, L'Ame du Crmn, ay : Aung the eedof Ci Al o r, roe a a qu w

C uck , h aer ck ack. T h con ued foom m. Ju w A wa rc a ow, h am uck help y d T m o dvr h o rueo he bra concu of prp fra ad wa e of wa o orrodc wc c ju

If a uch a ucu a re or rock hou happe o fU uo hevcor o o ak im h py, ve ap, e wo a a uppoe rovdna enc, bu

r foa

worOu of re ume of o u-juce- eebud uch eoy of uc ceod e de o e co of er dma

"Ju gh wa pc o ca. Aume vuco ar wo u a mcca n. Jc, owv,cao pec w com o ro ew pro. evn a h oo or m of uc her prwo eme , e gr, commo wh ccurc;eco a recogo of omhn mo, wc m b h eu of h obc. W do o pak of uc ave we is osbliy o un.

The a ra man apcaon of h m uc, u n aof hem a om ao o e bn o e. Tdeece apaeny p fom aar o uhory,ue of veg, rigt, mu, c. Evy uo amo me a oof of nuc, am way a cak o cech

of mch a vc of l au.T oude dvoca of uc compcny oveoo h ac

a ooy x uc fror ama.Th adjustmnt of rlon btween man and mn will pobly

e best where ech oe is alve to his ow interests and covenience.

In the abee of thi onditon jutice is the wrcry in quixic cm-pign, h uccss of wc a stanc rves to dsty omvlg and eacipat som inrat, hlss folk o bco

oo f aac a v of pulo. T r ar oe wofe tmsves. Ths and ths only ca or wil o tmslvesjuc pv from o v n c oheruce mo of a by evan bef uc a "ruj!ing cp. h moo L uc b o ou h v fa, a prfc xmp of faacm, equa o n o om pomc, ou any amou of o an u ru. Bu vry who hp o uc a o who da

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n eecion o ciore choen hphzr n me rei-io y o bmiin o inice whenee ee ncionre re

igornt, or ejdiced o mtken i ter umen he ieh ny ern mih o hime ice ou no ob eie he c wee ice i horriin o e oo ociit beehe eecioer w o ppoined by ocie Juice he i reroie o ociey, or rer hn rh in teir iew heybecome inoe in epexie. e heen m bu no ei o he e hey ey jice o e epec or it mecn- An u w i enorce by e me tori hic eforce j w i enorced knowing h t nj d ece i unju o he en h i m be epeed Soeboy i me icm o iice in orer h y orcibe wro done b ori noer brnch o ori m be ndce o te decreed iue nother deee which wi be cetin ccompi noter wrog o oo

eee i no uice b impy te impue to o ur or h c mere nce t i mo popent wich e ore etemition or humb1n o eor

he oi doe not worhp tice e recoze he ipoiiit o it eing dontio he re or he ocet hich de-cree jice i he eherd who mne i oc no or the eo e oc b o his intere in i he oi im he c-commodio o nteret ccoring o he cpci o e contrcinpie oi h go m reconize on reecion ejie t the pospec of ule of not trepa sin g were-e adbetter no From hi he cn rie poito o como i

ie o e e o him hrou eir no being icted wihny eritin ey mipy i power e o heir A o ice in he ene o mein ou pnimen o peocco heir aleged delquencies, te ie gives

o t o proecting ree n eri o conenience We mppre eo mmn neou ne mn ere o revenion, not havin he ol Moraliic horor of repoi-bility in the cae of ourselves delng with he madman, and not hav-

ing eMoralitic furor aain e sane oender. We ee no here-

ore eo to ciry in ce o i ob i we re determinehat i i fe o rik ermi eite o ie. Th Eoit wo e n oeer o on technicitie o crpe if hey eem inecesary to expel him or l him, and u, too, if one ha klle an-

oher he inquir ill be as o whether r not the slaer merely an-

icited n ieien eri jurLe u bewe o he cre or ice t e m o oci

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x

One an egn a ses mtie t btain pptnity t d an at

f persna ndness tat s ne eigns ter sefinterste pur-pse in rer t amps anther sefintereste purpst er-me the re independene n anter persn A numer f themst dehtfu stries ae tis nt Te gensty h tussgs sf rs funamentay frm bsa phanhrpy hereta rusm e reader perees n ery su ry hwhrughy the geners eart enys ts sss n ang ariuarpersns f mert wh hae ata its g wi. But ne nr

feigns a ss nterest n rder t d a disinterste at. n thether han hw we mann nw that hyprs pfss dsin-terestedness we their ams are ses

I the enerus at tere s snanes, pesna me; n uy; n benng befre a master pwer y say te masterwer is there? We t mes thrug the der's rgansm as agena mpuse nterestng im and s s Egs yu mpaat thus we mae f Egsm wat yu a seshnss an ht yu

a unsshness? We sw yu that there s a mmn eementf gnune persnaity een f peasurabe atn in bth. ppstear te ats n wh te ersn yds hs w, subugated b ana, the pwers f wh ae aw, dea and asing duty. I ntae t uare abut a w with thse whse idea s bengutyf t mes thru my sense what is wrthy f me ue t umy hnr an ignity tat t s dsti in my nsiuness sbnsusness an s f my ament an wering an f theruitage f my sentiment inteet and ws gsti

XXI

Sne te pubcatn f tese aptes began, I hae see n etaran apers seera ipant remars and attmpt reftatins.e ear that Esm s a ery d thing, wh s tue but that sne ause why te sur ritis ae mssed unrstandng it, fr tyhae gne t s in w tey fun te da f Egism asewed in te ght f the sene pspy an pts f past

ags; r tey hae gaered pinns rm supeia wrtngs ayshw absutey n unerstandn gsm. It is an aar f bjeie assatn f ats they suppse. Tus I hae a appeand eat t tat s Egsm, they suppse If I ge the appe t myf, ha s Atusm, ty sppse Hw smp! Ten I beingan gst an ng t see sme f my ends at my ape mustnt nuge n ths easure uness an stan tan ss hargesf csy et me gie tem a p I st my y

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pples re not for eveybody to help himself. Let me give them anoheri. Te a wo ets hs ow pple, o ecuse he lies i, butbecse h ks t s Eist to et ,-ot o l o u,is ol delude Egois, b wic I e th he s mssed ben Eos he denie sense hic I usig te word these closing cpter.

Oe correspde emoses gos thus : tat os s Hedis r Euesm, te prsuit plesure; t it is sr t sth the lesr pressi Christinit utweie the pi ei ure t the ste; h hec it is t true th th rsuit esr is the etes mti

"h rsit plesure, is exrsso wich s cet y perss the ie tt Eois csists r ll e i stiingerti petes; t he truth is tht pilosphiclly plesurests for sereiyis se i ctrdistinto to servtude.

Eists o ccept te ste risi rtyr seig rl He ee r ry ite ths itu t deh; th exclusi h prese te r wteh poste Qulie thes belies utl e, w

c e dey te mrtyr's (dluded ) Eis? The osoli shersr e ite their hoks wi prmises threts ressed tseliterest reee Fer t them th i1l th boy, etc.e oly hose wh secure oo ris t e cedte with e ieti t secure hem?

The crii kes luicrsly lse cpris he he sets hephysical pin o ug gist e entl pin pss At heme e e hristi rtyr e chice cstcy ts religio d cro ry, h o elt t pyscl goy hig is esh csume y re As muc s pssl e xhis ugh on the proise hee n tus lessee the ticip pi. Wteer pi there s i h expectti uri i s t the i ctul urin We t h l serg s r wh he l tus ere. e re o h cross, whe to lt, exclii M Go, my Go! Whhst tho rske e? e re tht te sert sl t e is lord. Moreer i the Christi rtyr cld e spse

t ul recite he i o eth tht te him, e mus lsbe supsed to pprecit s the he hic ae the st edless eth i h le re Ho he must suc terreelieer ecide o he Eistic riciple s istrte hs ith? us tr is o r clt i his se th there s i te priciple ttio illstred ll rllin w icledple whe t is te erest pc it c ke to ecect

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Bu while we a suppose a martyr possil local in is course,i sur li, l wantd kng tht h ma-

orty o tose who sou marrdo were excie eond te con-tro o reason, s in he ase wih men actn uner he dminion oassion in the commission o erain oences. Crazines is essn-taly a iniit o weih codiions nd aprehend cosquncAoher s gos is sythy ad , inders th care o chldren.

g ion r ttrmen d uo -crsd symthy is one wich am more n more decidd o ro-

nounce a stupendous error Smpa divrts ener rom one c- to trn it into noter A ilustration showing th in causdby a irrational excess o rie ma cause some to rexaine throiion. B ws married tree ears ago. Lately his ie id, e-n a cid a year old. B was so much aectd the d o isi tha e wen o he cemetery day aer da an ly don on theground cryin ere he contractd an inectious disease ad e asodied, hus leavin he ch an orhan

Anoer s shocked a Eosm, as it has no reverece or antingsacred, not even or Feuerach's ugery tht love is iie" andman is odike" or can be y thinkin himsel so. Also ta Eoisus no premium on courag" u rther on owardie

i to i a o ay or ay of tg in-eignce kend e sure tt ois as othin sac, andterore accs no imposure or halluciation and remmr tat itrquirs coure to e a cowrd and apear a cowr Wee cour-ge" is oly, it s Egoisic to e a coward" Cerny it s oy o-s tt cn ridicue sacred things o man as we as o God: meanrdcul i c s s ord. Pcksni i As woman's clotes, soud e snube d te Eot w sub i,wout reard to his or e sex.

Wa is ood? Wha is evil? hese words express on aprcia-ns A ht i oo n," or an," ot odsxprssin the same idea o aiity, bu rom dierent poits ewo te r a enerous iver is ood man o he maste a sr-vn is ood when e cheerul slaves or te master A ood subjecis one oedie to his prince A ood citizen is on wo gves norou o t stte, but conriues to is renues ad stiyvi is ony ht we do not nd to our ood, ut t v ocobat. A horse s no ood ecause stron and swt i he c-s; a s i w n rd to tae. A breed o dos o

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ediy suscetie f tinin t unt y wtc nt te enet of the e. wife is od" if she will nt e od t

n ut e husbnd.hy do the lion nd the ee enjy such eutti? e eettacks nobdy excet bbes The lion is a large animl, dlierein his movements nd euted to ive man chnce to get awyThr are worse" nimls.

n all ariis of orim odnce is e carinl ru, is wholly n the rincile f ocuring ood" sujects f thse whohve the rontery to set s ulers ove fols nd siletns. Beg nd you wi e hy." Vitue is its wn ewd" heserves re n el to sefinteest bguied t ccet sme cuenttechin s to wht is d" conduct vitue" t if ne e an hy he sme evrs in hse mxms himha s ss is n goo Thy shw r a ofdness is dience t ceti cnds ues But the istwil rove most things nd hold fst to ht which he nds t e odfor hi ht which he nds t e its wn rewrd" he holds t e

vrtue enugh The ositions e sites. he Mist sys

This curse is vitue believe it n follow insructions, nd you win hiness in the thout of ding it" The Eoist rcivesht such insruction is t f creduliy. Th exrience f mn-kind is l vry well but most f the tie yu Morist derecsxrimnt t is remarkble tht in the most imortnt lion in

ife" two esos ust hve e cntrct f enent nion be-fore thy hve ny knwede f ech the the eltion then bert if hey islik i n this is regar as virtue I o not say hat al

orlists each such dctine but l Moists hve some docrinwhich they nfrce y sentiment demndin individul scrice, -u ivuay xe

XIII

Trut the reement eween thnn and thin,wnthout n ,is s desle s seein nd herin without illus-ion o confusion Truth, the ement etween thnking nd ex-

ression is d duty by Mists yet eney with eservtionsMy n lie t ssssins t sve his ife, or t bs t svetesue cmitted to h ce or t sick rson t cncel nwswhich woud be seus shc? he rvity with which such ques-ons re rgued ints t sethng furthr,h Truh, like Rightnd Justice, is rected int deity nd men czy r retend t ocrz over the worshi theref. his is the hyocre's ooruniy v w a oah a a


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tance to wod oken by men wo ce only o immuniy, but wo

ae hewd enou nt to ofe wt they tink and ow indeen-dent tey eelHow cuiou tat men genelly eel it it" to c nd

ntul m t t t te ny l th tth" i teal epeentation of uch om!

But on te other nd tey ay : Al' ai in loe and w."ow eveything tht i not loe can be iewe a war (nd te love"ee oen of i w too ) . Thi mm i moe oten ue to exue

lng tn ny othe uoe. Lying i a vey mn acticean I eceive no eaon t eect it atement ne iniviu inlge nmber 1 ) ee t etend to ext om oter cion wic iconvenient wen tey cnnot o do not eall et it; 2 )ae it to te inteet o othe to tel tem the tuth o leve oteone to telling nyting out att n wi tey n te lie.So thee igt be le wa"

o te goit t i an eonoy wee cticabe. T e chiefconiton i mutul inteligencensttut actioi cony id to be the et o

cy" and pp commy dibelieved t be unconditinaly o.Whee onety i eciocl, it bng tat muta advntge wtte to tutulne but honet ondct in n indiidul in eal- wit et e t spe. esty a ease tea uy

XIV

oli eaches i acme i the caze fo a uppoe eectn

the opite wy fo indiiuality. ven when piloy hounced tat it ai i to lead man to nd himel, the spit ofpeion i uch that it tae an, te geneal idea o th peciea n idel fo the inivdual nd teache indiidul to tote thepeonl ind i e to conf to the idea fmed out thepecie T it i id ou min" to be tue e ore pe-et men, more peect wmen Ti notion pomt to iittiono ht been eemlied in othe, not to deeopent o tt

wic i mt genuinely myef o el If I m to be a cng an tiig to be ometig et beoe me, I cnnot b I. Stier em, evey mn who i not eomed i tue o pectmn ut e one i oe than ti He i thi uniqe man. Wate i that anothe i not we cannt a in vance f nwig higi i thi : tht thi an ct out himef e womn mye aumed to e a tue o peect womn and he i chated iftught to ume otewie t i not te im ; tht i the tting

t wt got e ey about eecto of . e 56


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du needs rs e ree m n ke r ssigne sk, n rer nmll pses, en, deelp nd exhbi msel r ersel

I sll develp e species, I ve ning mre isincive develp A wmn wll be merel rue nd perfec wmn" i ehs ning f er wn, y he species Te ery mmen, hweerh se knws ersel e lredy rue n perfec wmn," se er r rin ndidul, mmen is e indiidulenergy se ree wrk u wever kes pleure in,r s ees cnscius reein n mke us wile ld hbis nd ecinspersis in se deee T cme urseles, nd urselves is knw h w we hve he spees is urs s r i suits us keep i nd h e e neher bligin nr missn u weh ne my gve imsel

xx

A wmn ispssly n Egs Apr rm is pssil seissimpl emle I n Egis she wll deermine er ins wihprecsely ht interir reedm pssessed by he mle gis

Mrrge whether s pg r mnmy is n reemen

mng men in gvn ste respe ec er's prpery in ne rmre wmn ccrding he lw f e ribe r se I dependsupn deluded Eism Te suppsed ppines elusie psessin s rig e enfred is reslvble in seerl fcrs sucs ( 1 ) Te cern mede deire fr pssesin; 2 Te ninth h ersn s is ie tt qunti 3 Teen ccmtin f iness b mnplizin t wi ers uld use if ermie te efetn eir eire en

psed t be e securng f nes wn Sme men weer mrrbecue hey ee t e deired mn ill be mrried by nten hence ls t hem unle he ke er n e cusmry cnr.

Men e emselves he n perpeue temelves ndn merely he rce; smple errr fr if we llw lf te ee ec pren, e resu is As sprng i f A; i gndcidis nur A; is gre-grndild is ne-eighh A the nex genern ne-sixen A nd hus i esenden wil ve nigmre in cmmn w im n ny f ndviduls his re

Sme lerned men rgue ie men re ntur plgmuswen re nurll mngmus; bu ther ure sn turnsino csure f ay mn wh d cm mr, aseing a pervered creature. Are hey blin to te as amoun ofear, reseve d duplici in women? Ca the SUbjgto of woroug all pas ime ave aled o make er eem an act a thh

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her natue w nt fom man's? Is o ac kpt upon a that acs av no dp fat n nau bg

dnt fom o Bt a ould fa of an autoo sould tify sociy by aimlaig te natu of to sxs,l amng mans polygamous c H oud b acus oa dncy to coup vuous omanoo.

All ag tat jalouy is a cu a tomnn passo. s o,n sf-vdnl a of pd Egosm T mp o alou c cn ov and l lov ad joy ov s soanou bcau ad s uoubd a

alou doon Suc a l b lg o aof oman splay sf i fom an no unti mo o suc amp s on s o b pcd at mn ll b pvd oo fom om om lly a.

f njoys a sau. To foft s o foft puaon. Tusband s udgd dny. look as f mod oa fo p mo co sf i pn puao and usn aus c man as pac fo a

. Lb no u om po ca l. Sucpo ao fa o b a cuain of usbd ou; o ovc o o an f he foo ou o pum oo f o pov is u ma o dv fo o o o do a mu a o ubon. la mpls fom.

W cov by mn a t puaon of ua uon a pon of appn of uo ov o

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