Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 1

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks etworks (WPANs)(WPANs)

Submission Title: [DBO-CSK Proposal for IEEE802.15.4a]Date Submitted: [January 2005]Source: [(1) Kyung-Kuk Lee, (2) J.W.Chong, S.H.Yoon, J.D.Jeong, S.D.Kim, H.U.Lee]Company [(1) Orthotron Co., Ltd. (2) Hanyang University]Address [(1) 709 Kranz Techono, 5442-1 Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Sungnam-si,

Kyungki-do, Korea 462-120]Voice:[82-31-777-8198], FAX: [82-31-777-8199], E-Mail:[kyunglee@orthotron.com]Re: [Response to Call for Proposal by IEEE802.15.4a]

Abstract: [This document has been submitted for an official proposal in January 2005. DBO-CSK Technology is proposed]

Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 2

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

Differentially BiDifferentially Bi--OrthogonalOrthogonalChirpChirp--ShiftShift--Keying (Keying (DBODBO--CSKCSK))

Kyung-Kuk LeeOrthotron Co., Ltd.

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 3

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA

3.1. Unit Manufacturing Cost/Complexity (UMC)3.2. General Definitions3.3. Signal Robustness3.4. Technical Feasibility3.5. Scalability

4. MAC PROTOCOL SUPPLEMENT4.1. MAC Enhancements and Modifications

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.1. Channel models and payload data5.2. Size and Form Factor5.3. PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate and Data Throughput5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets5.5. Signal Acquisition5.6. System Performance5.7. Ranging5.8. Link Budget5.9. Sensitivity5.10. Power Management Modes5.11. Power Consumption5.12. Antenna Practicality

6. Conclusion

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 4

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

1. INTRODUCTION■ Low Power Consumption:

- Digital Tx 0.9mW / Rx 1.13mW @ 500Kbps Data-rate

■ Signal Robustness:- Orthogonal / Quasi-Orthogonal Signal Set are deployed- Robustness: Applicable in Heavy Multi-path, SOP- Low Correlation of Signal with Existing Air-Interfaces

■ Feasibility: 2.4GHz, 5.2/5.7GHz Band- Many existing commercial RF Solutions

■ Ranging: Based on Chirp Signal (TOA/TDOA)- Precision: less then 1m @ Eb/No=24dB

■ Size & Form Factor: Smaller than SD-Memory size

■ Low Cost / Low Complexity: Tx +Rx Baseband Digital (58K gates)

■ Advanced Sleep/Wake-up Capability

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 5

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

Chirp SignalChirp Signal

0( ) Re exp[( ) ] [ ( ) ( )]2

BWchirp s chirp

chirp

s t t t u t u t TTωω θ

⎡ ⎤= + + × − −⎢ ⎥

⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦ ω

SωBWω

t

t

( )chirps t

0( ) Re exp[( ) ] ( )2

BWchirp s RC chirp

chirp

s t t t p t TTωω θ

⎡ ⎤= + + × −⎢ ⎥

⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦

Linear Chirp: Rectangular Window

Linear Chirp: Raised-Cosine Window

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Correlation Property of Chirp Signal

Am

plitu

de

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 6

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

Chirp vs ImpulseChirp vs Impulse

Chirp Signal

t

t

Chirp

Correlation

Impulse Radio

t

t

Time-Hopping

Correlation

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 7

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

Chirp vs ImpulseChirp vs Impulse■ Similarities

■ Differences

Spread-Spectrum: Spreading Gain:- Chirp: Spectrum Spread Signal- Impulse: Need Specially Designed Direct-Sequence Code

High Correlation PeakWide-BandwidthResolvability of Multi-path

Cross-correlation Property:- Chirp: Inherently very low correlation peak Signal- Impulse: Need very long code-sequence to realize low cross-correlation peak

Signal Voltage:- Chirp: low voltage (required low battery voltage)- Impulse: need high peak voltage (required high battery voltage)

PAPR:- Chirp: PAPR = 3dB (Theoretical Minimum value) easily achievable high Eb- Impulse: very high PAPR need high-voltage / long-sequence for high Eb

Same Bandwidth:(Impulse Width) = (Width of Correlation of Chirp)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 8

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

Spectrum of SubSpectrum of Sub--Chirp SignalsChirp Signals

Waveform Spectrum

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 9

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

ChirpChirp--ShiftShift--Keying (CSK) Signal sets for SOPKeying (CSK) Signal sets for SOPω

ω

ω

ω

I

II

III

IV

Each of CSK Signal consists of 4 sub-chirp signals.

I

II

III

IV

ω

ω

ω

ω

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 10

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3 bits/symbol

Bi-Orthogonal SymbolMapping Table (M = 8)

Bi-Orthogonal Code(01,02,03,04)

Binary(b0,b1,b2)

Decimal(m)

1 1 1 11 -1 1 -11 1 -1 -11 -1 -1 1

-1 -1 -1 -1-1 1 -1 1-1 -1 1 1-1 1 1 -1

0 0001 0012 0103 0114 1005 1016 1107 111

BiBi--Orthogonal ModulationOrthogonal Modulation

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 11

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

2. M-ary DBO-CSK TECHNOLOGY

88--ary Differentially Biary Differentially Bi--OrthogonalOrthogonalChirpChirp--ShiftShift--Keying(DBOKeying(DBO--CSK) ModulatorCSK) Modulator

1z −

Chirp-Shift-Keying(CSK)

Generator

S/P SymbolMapper

Binary Data…010011100110001101…

1 3 4 4

P/S

Binary Symbol Bi-OrthogonalSymbol

DifferentiallyBi-Orthogonal

Symbol

8-ary DBO-CSK

Chirp-Shift-Keying

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 12

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

49.4K / 145K

OO10KDeframer & Others

Rx

500 Kbps

Data-RateEstimated Complexity500Kbps / 250Kbps [gates]

BaseBand Digital250 Kbps

1.5K / 1.6K

152K56KTransceiverO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O56Differential Encoder

O

O

X

O

O

O

O

O

O

X

O

5K

95KFEC Decoder (r=1/2)

200Symbol Demapper

1KFramer & Others

Descrambler

Max Selector

Differential Detector

Chirp-pulse Modulator

Symbol Mapper

FEC Encoder (r=1/2)

Scrambler

154

100

39k

Common

290

13

100

154

Tx

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.1. Unit Manufacturing Cost/Complexity (UMC)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 13

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.2. General Definitions

■ Payload bit rate and throughput- 500Kbps throughput: 293Kbps- 250Kbps throughput: 173.7Kbps

■ Error rate: see sub-section 5.6

■ Receiver sensitivity: see sub-section 5.11

■ Antenna gain: 0dBi

■ Band in use: - 2.4GHz ISM Band (10MHz Overlapping)- 5.2/5.7GHz Band (Non-overlapping)- 20MHz Bandwidth: Consists of 4 sub-chirp signals per Carrier

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 14

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.3. Signal Robustness■ Co-existence / Interference Mitigation Technique

- Orthogonal / Quasi-Orthogonal Signal Set - High Spectral Processing Gain: Chirp- Near-Far Problem: FDM Channels (7ch @2.4GHz, 8ch @5.2GHz, 6ch @5.7GHz)

■ Interference Susceptibility- Low Cross-Correlation property with Existing Signal

■ Robustness: - Heavy Multi-path Environment- SOP

■ Low Sensitivity for Component Tolerance- Crystal : ± 40ppm

■ Mobility- Wide-band Chirp: Insensitive for Fading & Doppler Shift- Easily Maintaining Timing Sync. of Received Signal

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 15

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.3. Signal Robustness

■ Ingress- High Processing Gain (10log(20/.5)=16dB- Addition Processing Gain by DS-Spreading (Optional)- Low Cross-Correlation with Existing Air-Interfaces

■ Egress- Same Spectrum Mask with W-LAN @ 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz, 5.7GHz- Tx power control: 10mW / 1mW / 0.1mW (Link Margin)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 16

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility

D/A

D/A

A/D

A/D

Tx/RxSw.

DBO-CSKMOD

DBO-CSKDEMOD

MACRanging Data

Baseband DigitalRF Analog

A/D , D/A : 3~4 bits

BlockBlock--diagram of DBOdiagram of DBO--CSKCSK TransceiverTransceiver

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 17

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility■ Manufacturability

- Baseband Digital Chip area: 0.75 / 1.64 mm2 (No FEC / FEC)(0.18um Technology)

■ Time-to-Market- 2005. 5. Proto-type DEMO (FPGA)- 2006. 1. Digital ASIC

■ Regulatory Impact- Availability of Spectrum: 2.4GHz, 5.2/5.7GHz Band

Globally Allowed to use (Unlicensed)- Spectrum Availability:

7 FDM CH. (2.4GHz) + 8 FDM CH. (5.2GHz) + 6 FDM CH. (5.7GHz)- Tx Power: 0.1mW / 1.0mW / 10mW optional class- Some Sensitive Frequency Band: Skip Tx Power for that Band (some SNR loss)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 18

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submissionfc = 2.412GHz , 2.422GHz , 2.432GHz , 2.442GHz , 2.452GHz , 2.462GHz , 2.472GHz

CSK Signals: 2.4GHz Band (20MHz BW)CSK Signals: 2.4GHz Band (20MHz BW)

-20 -10 fc 10 20 (MHz)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Waveform Spectrum

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

Fbw = 7.0 MHzrolloff = 0.25;Fdiff = 6.3 MHz;Tc = 4.8usec

Same Spectrum with IEEE802.11bSame Spectrum with IEEE802.11b

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 19

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

Waveform Spectrum

fc-20 fc-10 fc fc+10 fc+20 (MHz)-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility

fc = 5180MHz , 5200MHz , 5220MHz , 5240MHz , 5260MHz , 5280MHz , 5300MHz , 5320MHzfc = 5725MHz , 5745MHz , 5765MHz , 5785MHz , 5805MHz , 5825MHz

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

Fbw = 7.0 MHzrolloff = 0.25;Fdiff = 6.3 MHz;Tc = 4.8usec

CSK Signals: 5.2/5.7GHz Band (20MHz BW)CSK Signals: 5.2/5.7GHz Band (20MHz BW)

Same Spectrum with IEEE802.11aSame Spectrum with IEEE802.11a

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 20

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility

CSK Signals: 2.4GHz Band (20MHz BW)CSK Signals: 2.4GHz Band (20MHz BW)■ 4 piconet CSK Signal: Identical Auto-correlation Property

Same Ranging Accuracy

-2 5 0 -2 0 0 -1 5 0 -1 0 0 -5 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 00

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

-2 5 0 -2 0 0 -1 5 0 -1 0 0 -5 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 00

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

-2 5 0 -2 0 0 -1 5 0 -1 0 0 -5 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 00

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

-2 5 0 -2 0 0 -1 5 0 -1 0 0 -5 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 00

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

68nsec

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 21

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility

88--ary DBOary DBO--CSK ModulatorCSK Modulator

1z −

Chirp-Shift-Keying(CSK)

Generator

BinaryData

P/S

S/P SymbolMapper

ModulatorDiffe

rentially

Bi-Orth

ogonal

Symbol

Scrambler FEC Encodingr=1, 1/2(option)

PRBSGEN.

SymbolRepetition

Seed

Chirp-Shift-Keying

8-ary DBO-CSK

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 22

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.4. Technical Feasibility

88--ary DBOary DBO--CSK DemodulatorCSK Demodulator

Demodulator (Differential Detection)

RecoveredDataA/D

BasebandSignal

De-Scrambler

SelectLargest

De-Map P/S

DifferentialDetector

(Sub-Chirp)

De-Orthogonal

FECDecoding

TimeDe-

Spread

Demodulator (Coherent Detection)

RecoveredDataA/D

BasebandSignal

De-Scrambler

SelectLargest P/S

RakeReceiver

(Sub-Chirp)

De-Orthogonal

FECDecoding

TimeDe-

SpreadDiff.

DecodeDe-Map

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 23

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

3. GENERAL SOLUTION CRITERIA3.5. Scalability

■ Data-Rate: - 2 rates: 500Mbps / 250Kbps

■ RF Tx Power: - 3 classes: 0.1mW / 1.0mW / 10mW

■ Mobility Value:- Data: Link Margin >= 34.8dB @ 2.4GHz Band- Chirp is insensitive for Doppler Shift: affected very small distance error

-4

Chirp Index:

Doppler Shift:

Ex) 14 , 4.8 sec, 2.4 8.23 10

5

Ranging Error

: 8.20 /

:

f BW chirp

d c f

c f c chirp BW

BW chirp c

f T

f f v c T

T c f v f v T f

f MHz T f GHz d v

v

d

Km h d

µ

µ

µ

µ

• =

• = × = ×∆

• = ∆ × = × = × ×

= = = ⇒ ∆ = × ×

= ∆ =

∆

-4 33 10 50 10 36 1.00 14 [ ]cm× × × =

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 24

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

4. MAC PROTOCOL SUPPLEMENT4.1. MAC Enhancements and Modifications

■ Supplement for Scalability- The proposed PHY has scalability for channelization- Scalability which is included in PHY may be added to

MAC for 15.4a PHY layer (Data-rate / Tx Power / Ranging)

■ Wake-up Mode for Power Consumption Consideration- Power consumption is of significant concern- Needing supplement to 15.4 MAC to support wake-up

mode for low-power consumption

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 25

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.1. Channel models and payload data

■ Channel models and payload data- See sub-section 5.4 in this Document- Payload Data: 32bytes per Packet- Data-rate: 500Kbps / 250Kbps

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 26

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.2. Size and Form Factor

SD Memory (32mm X 24 mm)

Ex)• Battery Capacity: 3V x 30mAh (324Joule)• Dimension: 10 x 2.5 (Dia. x Ht. mm)

SD Memory (32mm X 24 mm)

2.4 GHz 5.1/5.7 GHz

BasebandRFPattern Antenna

(24mm X 14mm)

Button CellButton CellBatteryBattery

Pattern Antenna(12mm X 9mm)

Baseband

RFButton CellButton Cell

BatteryBattery

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 27

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.3. PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate and Data Throughput

DATA Frame ACK Frame DATA Frame

TACK TLIFT588 / 1104usec 156 / 240usec

Payload: 32byte 5byte

874 / 1474 usec

TACK + TLIFT = 130usec

Payload Bit-rate:■ Data-rate: 500Kbps / 250Kbps per piconet■ Aggregated Data-rate: Max. 2Mbps (4 X 500Kbps) per FDM Channel■ FDM Channels: 7 CH. (2.4GHz), 8 CH. (5.2GHz), 6 CH. (5.7GHz)

Data Throughput:■ Payload bit-rate 500Kbps : Throughput 293 Kbps■ Payload bit-rate 250Kbps : Throughput 173.7 Kbps

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 28

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.3. PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate and Data Throughput

Data Frame:Payload bit-rate : 500Kbps (No FEC) / 250Kbps (FEC r=1/2)

Preamble DelimiterLength

+Rate

5Chirp 1Chirp 6Chirp 86chirp (500Kbps) or 172chirp(250Kbps)

MPDU

588 usec (1Mbps) or 1104 usec (250Kbps)(8 + 1)bit (32X8 +2) bit

ACK Frame:Payload bit-rate : 500Kbps (No FEC) / 250Kbps (FEC r=1/2)

Preamble DelimiterLength

+Rate

5Chirp 1Chirp 6Chirp 14chirp (500Kbps) or 28chirp(250Kbps)

MPDU

156 usec (500Kbps) or 240 usec (250Kbps)(8 + 1)bit (5X8 +2) bit

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 29

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

Multiple piconetMultiple piconet

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets

Waveform

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-1

0

1

I

II

III

IV

ω

ω

ω

ω

Freq. - Time

t

t

t

t

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 30

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

SubmissionEach of CSK Signal consists of 4 sub-chirp signals.

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets

Multiple piconetMultiple piconet

I

II

III

IV

ω

ω

ω

ω

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-5000 0 50000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Correlation Power (For Preamble Detection)

Correlation Property between the piconetDoes not need Synchronization inter-piconet

t

CSK Signal : Quasi-Orthogonal Property

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 31

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

SubmissionEach of CSK Signal consists of 4 sub-chirp signals.

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets

I

II

III

IV

ω

ω

ω

ω

Multiple piconetMultiple piconet

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

0

0.5

1

Complex Amplitude (for Data Demod)

Correlation Property between piconetCSK Signal : Quasi-Orthogonal Property

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 32

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets

Multiple piconetMultiple piconet

I

II

III

IV

t

ω Duration of 2 Symbols (12 usec)

0.3usec 2.1usecd11 d12

0.6usec 1.8usecd21 d22

0.9usec 1.5usecd31 d32

1.2usec 1.2usecd41 d42

ωt

t

t

ω

ω

4.8 usec

SOP: Assigning Different Time-Gap between the Chirp-Shift-Keying SignalMinimize ISI for CM8 NLOS: Assign the Time-Gap between symbol more then 200nsec

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 33

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

Each of CSK Signal consists of 4 sub-chirp signals. Differential Detection Property between piconet

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets

Multiple piconetMultiple piconet

I

II

III

IV

ω

ω

ω

ω

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2

x 104

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

Interference Test by Packet (32 bytes Random Data)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 34

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.4. Simultaneously Operating Piconets

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 410-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Dint/Dref

PE

R

System performance with 3 interf. piconet

AWGNCM8CM1CM5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 310-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Dint/Dref

PE

R

System Performance in 1 interf. piconet

AWGNCM8CM1CM5

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.510-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Dint/Dref

PE

R

System performance with two interf. piconet

AWGNCM8CM1CM5

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 35

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.5. Signal Acquisition

Signal AcquisitionSignal Acquisition

DifferentialDetector

(T1)Symbol

De-MapperSelect

LargestData

A/D

DifferentialDetector

(T2)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 36

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.5. Signal Acquisition

Miss Detection Probability

1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

In AWGN, at FA=3.2x10-5, TxPower=10mW

Distance : meter

Pm

2 Chirp Symbols3 Chirp Symbols4 Chirp Symbols

Preamble Detection

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 37

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.6. System Performance

Data Rate : 500kbps

10 12 14 16 18 20 2210-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/No

PE

RSystem Performance

AWGNCM8CM1CM5

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 38

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.7. Ranging

Timing DetectionTiming Detection■ Coarse Timing Detection

- Peak of Differential Detection (Averaging over 4 or more Symbols)

■ Fine Timing Detection- Cross-Correlation of Sampled Input Signal- Fine Timing by Interpolation (Fraction of Sampling-Clock Resolution)- Averaging over 4 or more Symbols- Less than 1m Ranging Resolution @ Eb/No >= 24dB

Arbitrary Sampling Instant

Detected TimingDetected TimingPeak

Edge

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 39

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 81 0

0

1 0 1

1 0 2

E b /N o (d B )

time

erro

r dev

iatio

n (n

sec)

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.7. Ranging

Timing-error Variance (Chirp BW: 20MHz)

■ TDA / TDOA Based Ranging with Chirp Signal

■ Estimation Precision: < 1m @ Eb/No greater than 24dB

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 40

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.8. Link Budget

dBm-94.5 -94.5 -94.5 Proposed Min. Rx Sensitivity Level

dB27.4 28.2 34.8 Link Margin(M=Pr-Pn-S-I)

dB333Implementation Loss(I)

dB12.512.512.5Minimum Eb/No(S)

dBm-110.0 -110.0 -110.0 Average noise power per bit(Pn=N+Nf)

dB777Rx Noise Figure(Nf)

dBm-117.0 -117.0 -117.0 Average noise power per bit

dBm-67.1 -66.3 -59.7 Rx power(Pr = Pt+Gt+Gr-L1-L2(dB))

dBi000Rx antenna gain(Gr)

dB29.5 29.5 29.5 path loss at d m(L2=20log10(d))

m 303030distance

dB47.6 46.8 40.2 Path loss at 1meter(L1=20log10(4pifc'/c))

GHz5.75.20 2.44 fc' = sqrt(fminfmax) -10dB

dBi000Tx antenna gain(Gt)

dBm101010Average Tx Power(Pt)

mW101010Average Tx Power(Pt)

kbps500500500peak payload bit rate(Rb)

UNII(5.7GHz)UNII(5.2GHz)ISM(2.4GHz) Parameter

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 41

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.9. Sensitivity

CM5

CM1

CM8

AWGN

-86.5dBm

-87dBm

-85.5dBm

-94.5dBm

Rx Sensitivity level(500kbps)

Bandwidth: 20MHz (2.4GHz Band)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 42

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.10. Power Management Modes

■ Low-power Mode with Advanced Wake-up– The proposed PHY has differentially bi-orthogonal detection

and correlatively independent chirp-pulse waveform for multiple piconet=> Low-power is achieved by advanced wake-up that the only

desired group of nodes are called and the other nodes canestimate wake-up time from sleep state

=> Reducing Duty-Cycle and Extending Battery-life– This is compliant to “power consumption considerations” of

802.15.4 standard, and the mode of operation for advanced wake-up may be added to this standard

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 43

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.11. Power Consumption

■ RF: 140mW for Tx (@10mW RF Power), 35mW for Rx

■ Baseband (BB) Digital: 0.9mW for Tx , 1.13mW for Rx

■ RF part consume lot more power than Baseband Digital- Power Reduction of RF ASIC is Essential (C-MOS)

■ Idea for Operating Power Saving:- Use Max. Data-rate mode: shorter time for Tx Data- Sleeping: Longer Time- Save Power: by reducing active time of RF

■ Further Reduction of Power Consumption- Apply 0.13um / 0.09um Technology for ASIC (RF / Baseband)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 44

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.11. Power Consumption

Rx

Tx 141 mW141 mW56KTotal

37.5 mW5.24 mm2152K

36.1 mW4.35 mm2

0.52 mW0.06 mm21.6K0.48 mW0.04 mm21.5KTx

10 mW0.3 mm2-10 mW0.3 mm2-Common

130 mW1.7 mm2-130 mW1.7 mm2-Tx + D/A

5K

49.4K

-

Logic

5 uW

0.42 mW

2.08 mW

25 mW

Power

1.5 mm2145K0.71 mW0.63 mm2Rx

250Kbps (FEC: r=1/2)500Kbps (No FEC)

5 uW

0.42 mW

25 mW

Power

0.08 mm2

1.6 mm2

Die Area

Common

Rx + A/D

Deep Sleep

Baseband@ Sampling-rate:

40MHz

RF@ Tx Power:

10mW

0.08 mm25K

1.6 mm2-

Die AreaLogic

Target Library : 0.18 um Technology

■ Power Consumption for Average Throughput 1 Kbps (w/o FEC)- Average Throughput (500Kbps mode): x Kbps- PTX : 141[mW] / 293 = 481 [uW/sec]- PRX : 36.1[mW] /293 = 123 [uW/sec]

■ Battery: 324[Joule] for Button Cell (10mm D. X 2.5mm H) / 12,000[Joules] for AA Alkaline Cell- (PTX + 50 X PRX)/51 = 130[uW] ----- (Assume TTX : TRX = 1:50 duty-cycle for sensor node)- Battery Life TB = 324/130e-6/3600/24 = 28.8 days Continuously (Button Cell)- Battery Life TB = 12000/130e-6/3600/24/365 = 2.93 years Continuously (AA Alkaline Cell)

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 45

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

5. PHY LAYER CRITERIA5.12. Antenna Practicality

■ Antenna Size- less than SD-Memory size: 24mm X 14mm @2.4GHz

12mm X 9mm @5.2/5.7GHz

■ Frequency / Impulse Response- Almost Flat Freq. Response: Narrow-band

■ Radiation Characteristics- Isotropic: 0dBi

Jan 2005

Kyung-Kuk Lee (Orthotron Co., Ltd.)Slide 46

doc.: IEEE802.15-05-0025-02-004a

Submission

6. Conclusion■ Low Power Consumption: Digital Baseband Tx 0.9mW, Rx 1.13mW

- Power Consumption is heavily depend on RF-chip.

■ Signal Robustness:- Orthogonal / Quasi-Orthogonal Signal Set - Robustness: Tolerance for Heavy Multi-path / SOP, - Low Correlation with Existing Air-Interfaces

■ Feasibility: 2.4GHz ISM Band- Existing commercial RF Solutions- 2.4GHz / 5GHz band is allowed for unlicensed operation- Low Voltage Operation: Low PAPR

■ Ranging: Based on Chirp Signal (TDA / TDOA)- Precision: less then 1m (Standard Deviation) @Eb/N0 = 24dB

■ Size & Form Factor: Less than SD-Memory size

■ Low Cost / Low Complexity: Tx +Rx Baseband Digital (56K gates)

■ Support Advanced Sleep / Wake-up Capability

■ Orthotron will pursue opportunities for future collaborations anOrthotron will pursue opportunities for future collaborations and mergingd merging