Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Mrs. Lisbeth Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Mrs. Lisbeth RathRath
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Mrs. Lisbeth Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Mrs. Lisbeth RathRath
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Japan Changes Direction Japan Changes Direction During the During the
Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912
Japan Changes Direction Japan Changes Direction During the During the
Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912
Commodore Matthew Perry
1853 – Commodore Matthew 1853 – Commodore Matthew PerryPerry
“Opens Up” Japan to Western “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!Trade!
1853 – Commodore Matthew 1853 – Commodore Matthew PerryPerry
“Opens Up” Japan to Western “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!Trade!
What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??
Coaling stations.
More trading partners.
A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.
Perry’s Perry’s “Black “Black Ships”Ships”
Perry’s Perry’s “Black “Black Ships”Ships”
• After Perry's arrival in 1853 & 1854, conclusion of Treaty of Kanagawa or the Unequal Treaties, called "Treaty of Amity and Commerce" by the US.
• Consequences: – no tariff autonomy to protect domestic
industries (cotton industry collapses) – Westerners have extraterritoriality – most favored nation clause: any privilege to
anyone must also be granted to US – one major difference to China: prohibition
on trade in opium
The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854
The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854
The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854
The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854
Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!
In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…
The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.
China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”
After the Opium War of 1839-1842, Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up to the West.
The The Shi-shiShi-shi (“Men of High (“Men of High Purpose”)Purpose”)
The The Shi-shiShi-shi (“Men of High (“Men of High Purpose”)Purpose”) Highly idealistic Highly idealistic samuraisamurai who felt that the who felt that the
arrival of Westerners was an attack on arrival of Westerners was an attack on thethe traditional values of Japan. traditional values of Japan.
They believed that:They believed that:
Japan was sacred ground.Japan was sacred ground.
The emperor, now a figurehead inThe emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God. Kyoto, was a God.
Were furious at the Shogun for signing Were furious at the Shogun for signing treatiestreaties with the West without the Emperor’s with the West without the Emperor’s consent.consent.
Their sloganTheir slogan Revere the Emperor, ExpelRevere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians! the Barbarians!
Series of Civil Wars1864, 1865-68
Tokugawa Shogun resists changes
Renegade samurai establish a new “modern” government– Old samurai forbidden
to wear top knot, carry samurai sword
– Many commit seppuku• Cannot adjust to the new
changes
The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868 A powerful A powerful groupgroup of of samuraisamurai overthrow the overthrow the Shogun. Shogun.
Sakamoto Sakamoto RyomaRyoma,, the hero. the hero.
He helped He helped JapanJapan emerge from emerge from feudalism into feudalism into aa unified modern unified modern state. state.
The Shogunate Is The Shogunate Is Overthrown!Overthrown!
The Shogunate Is The Shogunate Is Overthrown!Overthrown! The last
Shogun.
Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
The Emperor Is “Restored” to The Emperor Is “Restored” to PowerPower
The Emperor Is “Restored” to The Emperor Is “Restored” to PowerPower
MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”
Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?
Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened
Modernization Modernization by by
“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”
Modernization Modernization by by
“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”
Popular board Popular board game.game.
Start by leavingStart by leaving Japan & studying in Japan & studying in various Western various Western capitals. capitals.
End by returning toEnd by returning to Japan and Japan and becoming abecoming a prominent prominent governmentgovernment official. official.
EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods
EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods
Europe began Europe began toto “loom large” in “loom large” in
the thinking of the thinking of many many Japanese.Japanese.
New sloganNew slogan:: Japanese Japanese Spirit;Spirit; Western Western Technology! Technology!
Japanese Textile FactoryJapanese Textile Factory
The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed
with Western Styleswith Western Styles
The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed
with Western Styleswith Western Styles
Civilization and Enlightenment!Civilization and Enlightenment!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Japanese soldiers with their wives.
The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress
The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress
Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko (1868- 1912) (1868- 1912)
Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions
Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions
1900 Styles1900 Styles The FirstThe First“Miss Japan”“Miss Japan”
(1908)(1908)
MeijiMeijiReforRefor
msms
MeijiMeijiReforRefor
msms
AbolitionAbolitionof the of the
feudal systemfeudal system
AbolitionAbolitionof the of the
feudal systemfeudal system
LandLandRedistributionRedistribution
LandLandRedistributionRedistribution
Human Rights Human Rights & Religious& Religious
FreedomFreedom
Human Rights Human Rights & Religious& Religious
FreedomFreedom
Build aBuild aModern NavyModern Navy
(British)(British)
Build aBuild aModern NavyModern Navy
(British)(British)
WesternizeWesternizethe Schoolthe School
SystemSystem(Fr. & Ger.)(Fr. & Ger.)
WesternizeWesternizethe Schoolthe School
SystemSystem(Fr. & Ger.)(Fr. & Ger.)
Modernize Modernize the Armythe Army(Prussian)(Prussian)
Modernize Modernize the Armythe Army(Prussian)(Prussian)
EmperorEmperorWorshipWorship
IntensifiedIntensified
EmperorEmperorWorshipWorship
IntensifiedIntensified
WrittenWrittenConstitutionConstitution(Germans)(Germans)
WrittenWrittenConstitutionConstitution(Germans)(Germans)
ModernModernBankingBankingSystemSystem
ModernModernBankingBankingSystemSystem
A Constitutional GovernmentA Constitutional GovernmentCopied from the GermansCopied from the Germans
A Constitutional GovernmentA Constitutional GovernmentCopied from the GermansCopied from the Germans
Satsuma & Choshu Families
Satsuma & Choshu Families
The Emperorof Japan
The Emperorof Japan
The Diet(Legislative Body)
The Diet(Legislative Body)
House ofRepresentatives
House ofRepresentatives
House of PeersHouse
of Peers
1889 Constitutionof Japan
1889 Constitutionof Japan
ExpansionismExpansionism& the Rise of Military Power& the Rise of Military Power
ExpansionismExpansionism& the Rise of Military Power& the Rise of Military Power
New players on the New players on the block?block?
Japan joins the “Imperialist Japan joins the “Imperialist Gang”Gang”
1895-1914 Japan can prove that it is "civilized" by colonizing others, namely Okinawa and Hokkaido and the Kuril Islands
Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895
The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the Sino-Japanese WarSino-Japanese War
Won handily by Japanese – Japan concludes treaty
directly with the Qing, gets island of Taiwan and Kwantung peninsula on mainland
– Triple Intervention by Russia, Germany and France: Japan can't have part of mainland.
– BUT: Russia immediately leases the Kwantung territory itself!
– Taiwan becomes Japan's model colony
Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895
Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War
Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War
The The Treaty of ShimonosekiTreaty of Shimonoseki ended the ended the war.war.
Today—Tensions Between Today—Tensions Between China & JapanChina & Japan
Today—Tensions Between Today—Tensions Between China & JapanChina & Japan
EEZEEZ-Exclusive -Exclusive EconomicEconomic Zone. Zone.
Offshore gas field in Offshore gas field in the East China Sea the East China Sea reveals recently reveals recently strained relations strained relations between China & between China & Japan.Japan.
Tension over disputedTension over disputed gas field on the rise, gas field on the rise, exacerbating mutual exacerbating mutual mistrust dating back to mistrust dating back to the Sino-Japanese War. the Sino-Japanese War.
The Russo-Japanese War:The Russo-Japanese War:1904-19051904-1905
The Russo-Japanese War:The Russo-Japanese War:1904-19051904-1905
The The Battle of TsushimaBattle of Tsushima::The results startled the world!The results startled the world!
The Russo-Japanese War:The Russo-Japanese War:1904-19051904-1905
Russia and Japan both had designs on Manchuria and Korea
Japanese concerned about Russian Trans-Siberian Railway across Manchuria
Japan destroyed Russian fleet off coast of Korea and won major battles on land although Russians turned the tide on land
Westerners horrified that Japan had defeated a major Western power.
President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace
President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace
The The Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth, NH ended , NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.the Russo-Japanese War.
Treaty of Portsmouth, Treaty of Portsmouth, 19051905 Mediated by U.S. president
Theodore Roosevelt ended war with Japan winning
major concessions (preferred position in Manchuria, protectorate in Korea, half of Sakhalin Island – Japan also went on to annex Korea
Long-term impact of war: Russia turned to the Balkans, and Russia’s political situation deteriorated further, leading to the Russian Revolution
Japan’s victory stimulated Asian nationalism – various Asian peoples hoped to emulate Japanese power and win their independence
Japan Annexes KoreaJapan Annexes KoreaJapan Annexes KoreaJapan Annexes Korea
Japan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in China
Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the
HorizonHorizon
Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the
HorizonHorizon
The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”
But, Japanese Power Would But, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .Grow . . .
But, Japanese Power Would But, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .Grow . . .