JAPAN

A LECTURE

BY

SIR Ri\BINDRANATH TAGORE

I THE MACMILLAN COMPANY1916

All rights reserved

JAPAN

THE MACMILLAN COMPANYMEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO DALLAS

ATLANTA SAN FRANCISCO

MACMILLAN & CO.. LimtedLONDON BOMBAY CALCUTTA

UELBOURNE

THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.TORONTO

JAPAN

A LECTURE

BY

SIR RABINDRANATH TAGORE

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY1916

All rights resened

2.

COPYKIGHT, zgi6

By the MACMILLAN COMPANYPublished August, xoz6.

T*^

AUG -1 1916

CI.A437134

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02

JAPAN

JAPANI AM glad to have this opportunity once more of

speaking to you before I leave Japan. My stayhere has been so short that one may think I have notearned my right to speak to you about anythingconcerning your country. I feel sure that I shall

be told that I am idealising certain aspects, while

leaving others unnoticed, and that there are chancesof my disillusionment, if I remain here for long.For I have known foreigners, whose long experiencehas made them doubtful about your moral qualifica-tions,even of your full efficiency in modern equip-ments of progress.

But I am not going to be brow-beaten by theauthority of long experience, which is likely to bean experience of blindness carried through long

years. I have known such instances in my owncountry. The mental sense, by the help of whichwe feel the spirit of a people, is like the sense of sight,

or of touch,it is a natural gift. It finds its objects,not by analysis, but by direct apprehension. Thosewho have not this vision, merely see events and facts,and not their inner association. Those who haveno ear for music, hear sounds, but not the song.

7

8 JAPAN

Therefore when, by the mere reason of the lengthi-ness of their suffering, they threaten to establish

the fact of the tune to be a noise, one need not beanxious about music. Very often it is mistakes thatrequire longer time to develop their tangles, whilethe right answer comes promptly.

You ask me how can I prove that I am right inmy confidence that I can see. My answer is becauseI see something which is positive. There are otherswho affirm that they see something contrary. Itonly proves that I am looking on the picture side

of the canvas, and they on the blank side. There-fore my short view is of more value than their pro-longed stare.

It is a truism to say that shadows accompanylight. What you feel, as the truth of a people, hasits numberless contradictions,

^just as the round-

ness of the earth is contradicted at every step byits hills and hollows. Those who can boast of agreater familiarity with your country than myself

can bring before me loads of contradictions, but Iremain firm upon my vision of a truth which doesnot depend upon its dimension, but upon its vitality.At first I had my doubts. I thought that I might

not be able to see Japan as she is herself, but shouldhave to be content to see the Japan that takes pridein her acrobatics violently to appear as somethingelse. On my first arrival in this country, when Ilooked out from the balcony of a house on the hill-

JAPAN 9

side, Kobe townthat huge mass of corrugated ironroofsappeared to me like a dragon, with glistening

scales, basking in the sun, after having devoured alarge slice of the living flesh of the earth. This dragondid not belong to the mythology of the past, but tothat of the present; and with its iron mask it triedto look real to the children of the agereal as the

majestic rocks on the shore, as the epic rhythm ofthe sea-waves. Anyhow it hid Japan from my view,and I felt myself like the traveller whose time isshort, waiting for the cloud to be lifted to have asight of the eternal snow on the Himalayan summit.I asked myself, "Will the dense mist of the ironage give way for a moment, and let me see what istrue and abiding in this land?" I was envelopedin a whirlwind of reception, but I had my misgivingsand thought that this might be a violent outbreakof curiosity,or that these people felt themselves

bound to show their appreciation of a man who hadwon renown from Europe, thus doing honour tothe West in a vicarious form.But the clouds showed rifts, and glimpses I had

of Japan where she is true and more human. Whiletravelling in a railway train I met, at a waysidestation, some Buddhist priests and devotees. Theybrought their basket of fruits to me and held theirlighted incense before my face, wishing to pay hom-age to a man who had come from the land of Buddha.The dignified serenity of their bearing, the simplicity

10 JAPAN

of their devoutness, seemed to fill the atmosphereof the busy railway station with a golden light ofpeace. Their language of silence drowned the noisyeffusion of the newspapers. I felt that I saw some-

thing which was at the root of Japan's greatness.And, since then, I have had other opportunities ofreaching the heart of the people; and I have cometo the conclusion, that the welcome which flowedtowards me, with such outburst of sincerity, wasowing to the fact that Japan felt the nearness ofIndia to herself, and realised that her heart has roomto expand beyond her own boundaries and theboundaries of the modern time.

I have travelled in many countries and have metwith men of all classes, but never in my travels didI feel the presence of the human so distinctly asin this land. In other great countries signs of man's

power loomed large, and I saw vast organisationswhich showed efficiency in all their features. Theredisplay and extravagance in dress, in furniture, incostly entertainments, were startling. They seemto push you back into a corner, like a poor intruderat a feast; they are apt to make you envious, ortake your breath away with amazement. Thereyou do not feel man as supreme; you are hurledagainst the stupendousness of things that alienates.

But in Japan it is not the display of power or wealththat is the predominating element. You see every-where emblems of love and admiration, and not

JAPAN II

mostly of ambition and greed. You see a peoplewhose heart has come out and scattered itself inprofusion in its commonest utensils of everyday use,

in its social institutions, in its manners, that are

carefully perfect, and in its dealings with thingsthat are not only deft, but graceful in every move-

ment.

What has impressed me most in this country isthe conviction that you have realised nature's se-

crets, not by methods of analytical knowledge, butby sympathy. You have known her language oflines and music of colours, the symmetry in herirregularities, and the cadence in her freedom ofmovements; you have seen how she leads her im-mense crowds of things yet avoids all frictions;how the very conflicts in her creations break outin dance and music; how her exuberance has theaspect of the fulness of self-abandonment, and nota mere dissipation of display. You have discoveredthat nature reserves her power in forms of beauty;

and it is this beauty which, like a mother, nourishesall the giant forces at her breast, keeping them inactive vigour, yet in repose. You have known thatenergies of nature save themselves from wearingout by the rhythm of a perfect grace, and that shewith the tenderness of her curved lines takes awayfatigue from the world's muscles. I have felt thatyou have been able to assimilate these secrets intoyour life, and the truth which lies in the beauty of

12 JAPAN

all things has passed into your beings. A mere knowl-edge of things can be had in a short enough tim.e,but their spirit can only be acquired by centuriesof training and self-control. Dominating naturefrom outside is a much simpler thing than makingher your own in love's delight, which is a work oftrue genius. Your race has shown that genius, notby requirements, but by creations, not by displayof things, but by manifestation of its own innerbeing. This creative power there is in all nations,and it is ever active in getting hold of men's naturesand giving them a form according to its ideals. Buthere, in Japan, it seems to have achieved its success,and have deeply sunk into the minds of all men, andpermeated their muscles and nerves. Your instinctshave become true, your senses keen, and your handshave acquired natural skill. The genius of Europehas given her people the power of organisation,which has specially made itself manifest in politicsand commerce and in coordinating scientific knowl-edge. The genius of Japan has given you the visionof beauty in nature and the power of realising itin your life. And, because of this fact, the powerof organisation has come so easily to your help whenyou needed it. For the rhythm of beauty is theinner spirit of the world, whose outer body is organi-sation.

All particular civilisation is the interpretation of

particular human experience. Europe seems to

JAPAN 13

have felt emphatically the conflict of things in theuniverse, which can only be brought under controlby conquest. Therefore she is ever ready for fight,and the best portion of her attention is occupied inorganising forces. But Japan has felt, in her world,

the touch of some presence, which has evoked inher soul a feeling of reverent adoration. She does

not boast of her mastery of nature, but to her shebrings, with infinite care and joy, her offerings oflove. Her relationship with the world is the deeper

relationship of heart. This spiritual bond of loveshe has established with the hills of her country,

with the sea and the streams, with the forests in alltheir flowery moods and varied physiognomy ofbranches; she has taken into her heart all the rustling

whispers and sighing of the woodlands and sobbingof the waves; the sun and the moon she has studied inall the modulations of their lights and shades, andshe is glad to close her shops to greet the seasons in

her orchards and gardens and corn-fields. Thisopening of the heart to the soul of the world is notconfined to a section of your privileged classes, it

is not the forced product of exotic culture, but itbelongs to all your men and women of all conditions.This experience of your soul, in meeting a personal-ity in the heart of the world, has been embodied inyour civilisation. It is a civilisation of human re-lationship. Your duty towards your state hasnaturally assumed the character of filial duty, your

14 JAPAN

nation becoming one family with your Emperor asits head. Your national unity has not been evolvedfrom the comradeship of arms for defensive andoffensive purposes, or from the partnership in raid-ing adventures, dividing among each member thedanger and spoils of robbery. It is not an outcomeof the necessity of organisation for some ulterior

purposes, but it is an extension of the family andthe obligations of the heart. The ideal of "Maitri"is at the bottom of your culture,"maitri" withmen and "maitri" with nature. And the true ex-pression of this love is in the language of beauty,

which is so abundantly universal in this land. Thisis the reason why a stranger, like myself, insteadof feeling envy, or humiliation, before these mani-festations of beauty, these creations of love, feels

his readiness to participate in the joy and glory ofsuch revealment of the human heart.And this has made me all the more apprehensive

of the change which threatens Japanese civilisationas something like a menace to one's own person.For the huge heterogeneity of the modern age, whoseonly common bond is usefulness, is nowhere sopitifully exposed against the dignity and the hiddenpower of reticent beauty as in Japan.But the danger is that this organised ugliness

storms the mind and carries the day by its mass, byits aggressive persistence, by its power of mockerydirected against the deeper sentiments of heart.

JAPAN 15

Its harsh obtrusiveness makes it forcibly visibleto us, overcoming our senses,and we bring to itsaltar sacrifices, as does a savage to his fetish, whichappears powerful because of its hideousness. There-

fore its rivalry to things that are modest and pro-found and have the subtle delicacy of life is to bedreaded.

I am quite sure that there are men in your nation,

who are not in sympathy with your national ideals;whose object is to gain, and not to grow. They areloud in their boast that they have modernised Japan.While I agree with them so far as to say that thespirit of the race should harmonise with the spiritof the time, I must warn them that modernisingis a mere affectation of modernism, just as affecta-tion of poesy is poetising. It is nothing but mimicry.Only affectation is louder than the original, and itis too literal. One must bear in mind, that thosewho have the true modern spirit need not modernise,just as those who are truly brave are not braggarts.Modernism is not in the dress of the Europeans;or in the hideous structures, where their childrenare interned, when they take their lessons; or in thesquare houses with flat straight wall-surfaces, piercedwith parallel lines of windows, where these people arecaged in their life-time; certainly modernism is notin their ladies' bonnets, carrying on them loads ofincongruities. These are not modern, but merelyEuropean. True modernism is freedom of mind.

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JAPAN

not slavery of taste. It is independence of thoughtand action, not tutelage to European schoolmasters.It is science, but not its wrong application in life,

a

mere imitation of our science teachers who reduceit into a superstition absurdly invoking its aid forall impossible purposes.

Science, when it oversteps its limits and occupiesthe whole region of life, has its fascination. It looksso powerful because of its superficialitydoes as ahippopotamus who is very little else but physical.Science speaks of the struggle for existence, butforgets that man's existence is not merely of the

surface. Man truly exists in the ideal of perfection,whose depth and height are not yet measured. Lifebased upon science is attractive to some men, becauseit has all the characteristics of sport; it feigns serious-

ness, but is not profound. When you go a-hunting,the less pity you have the better; for your one objectis to chase the game and kill it, to feel that you arethe greater animal, that your method of destructionis thorough and scientific. Because a sportsmanis only a superficial manhis fulness of humanitynot being there to hamper himhe is successfulin kilHng innocent life and is happy. And the life ofscience is that superficial life. It pursues success

with skill and thoroughness, and takes no accountof the higher nature of man. But even science can-

not tow humanity against truth and be successful;and those whose minds are crude enough to plan

JAPAN 17

their lives upon the supposition that man is merely

a hunter and his paradise the paradise of sportsmen,will be rudely awakened in the midst of their trophiesof skeletons and skulls. For man's struggle forexistence is to exist in the fulness of his nature

not by curtailing all that is best in him and dwarfinghis existence itself, but by accepting all the responsi-bilities of his spiritual life, even through death anddefeat.

I do not for a moment suggest that Japan shouldbe unmindful of acquiring modern weapons of self-protection. But this should never be allowed to gobeyond her instinct of self-preservation. She mustknow that the real power is not in the weaponsthemselves, but in the man who wields those weap-ons; and when he, in his eagerness for power, multi-plies his weapons at the cost of his own soul, thenit is he who is in even greater danger than his enemies.Things that are living are so easily hurt; therefore

they require protection. In nature, life protects

itself in coverings which are built with life's ownmaterial. Therefore they are in harmony with life'sgrowth, or else when the time comes they easilygive way and are forgotten. The living man hashis true protection in his spiritual ideals, whichhave their vital connection with his life and growwith his growth. But, unfortunately, all his armouris not living,some of it is made of steel, inert andmechanical. Therefore, while making use of it, man

18 JAPAN

has to be careful to protect himself from its tyranny.If he is weak enough to grow smaller to fit himselfto his covering, then it becomes a process of gradualsuicide by shrinkage of the soul. And Japan musthave a firm faith in the moral law of existence to beable to assert to herself that the Western nations are

following that path of suicide where they are smother-ing their humanity under the immense weight oforganisations in order to keep themselves in power

and hold others in subjection.Therefore I cannot think that the imitation of the

outward aspects of the West, which ife becomingmore and more evident in modern Japan, is essentialto her strength or stability. It is burdening her

true nature and causing weakness, which will bemore and more felt as time goes on. The habitswhich are being formed by the modern Japanesefrom their boyhoodthe habits of the Western life,the habits of the alien culturewill prove, one day,

a very great obstacle to the understanding of their

own true nature. And then, if the children of Japanforget their past, if they stand as barriers, choking

the stream that flows from the mountain peak oftheir ancient history, their future will be deprived

of the water of life that has made her culture sofertile with richness of beauty and strength.What is still more dangerous for Japan is, not

this imitation of the outer features of the West, but

the acceptance of the motive force of the Western

JAPAN 19

civilisation as her own. Her social ideals are al-

ready showing signs of defeat at the hands of poli-tics, and her modern tendency seems to inclinetowards political gamblingin which the playersstake their souls to win their game. I can see hermotto, borrowed from science, "Survival of theFittest," writ large at the entrance of her present-

day history,the motto whose meaning is, "Helpyourself, and never heed what it costs to others;"the motto of the blind man, who only believes inwhat he can touch, because he cannot see. Butthose who can see, know that men are so closelyknit, that when you strike others the blow comesback to yourself. The m.oral law, which is thegreatest discovery of man, is the discovery of this

wonderful truth, that man becomes all the truer,the more he realises himself in others. This truth

has not only a subjective value, but is manifestedin every department of our life. And nations, whosedulously cultivate moral blindness as the cult ofpatriotism, will end their existence in a sudden andviolent death. In past ages we had foreign invasions,but they never touched the souls of the people deeply;for the people, as a body, never participated in these

games. They were merely the outcome of individualambitions. Theiefore the ideals, whose seats werein the hearts of the people, would not undergo anyserious change owing to the policies adopted by thekings or generals. But now, where the spirit of the

20 JAPAN

Western civilisation prevails, the whole people arebeing taught from their boyhood, by all kinds ofmeans, to foster ambitions in their minds, whichare the greatest menace to their neighbours and tonations other than their own. This is poisoning thevery fountainhead of humanity. It is discreditingthe ideals, which were born of the lives of men, whowere our greatest and best. It is holding up selfish-ness as the one universal religion for all nations of

the world. We can take anything else from thehands of science but not this elixir of moral death.Never think for a moment that the hurts you in-flict upon other races will not infect you, and theenmities you sow around your homes will be a wallof protection for you for all time to come. To imbuethe minds of a whole people with an abnormal vanityof its own superiority, to teach it to take pride in its

moral callousness and ill-begotten wealth, to perpe-trate the humiliation of defeated nations by exhibit-ing trophies won from war and using these in schoolsin order to breed in children's minds contempt forothers is imitating the West where she has a festering

sore, whose swelling is a swelling of disease eatinginto its vitality.

Our food crops, which are necessary for our sus-tenance, are products of centuries of selection andcare. But the vegetation, which we have not totransform into our lives, does not require the patient

thoughts of generations. It is not easy to get rid

JAPAN 21

of weeds; but it Is easy, by process of neglect, toruin your food crops and let them revert to theirprimitive state of wildness. Likewise the culture,

which has so kindly adapted itself to your soilsointimate with life, so human,not only neededtilling and weeding in past ages, but still needsanxious work and watching. What is merely mod-ern,as science and methods of organisation,canbe transplanted; but what is vitally human hasfibres so delicate, and roots so numerous and farreaching, that it dies when moved from its soil.Therefore I am afraid of the rude pressure of the

political ideals of the West upon your own. Inpolitical civilisation, the state is an abstraction andrelationship of men utilitarian. Because it has no

roots in sentiments, it is so dangerously easy to

handle. Half a century has been enough for youto master this machine; and there are men amongyou, whose fondness for it exceeds their love for theliving ideals, which were born with the birth of yournation and nursed in your centuries. It is like achild, who, in the excitement of his play, imagineshe likes his playthings better than his mother.

Where man is at his greatest, he is unconscious.Your civilisation, whose mainspring is the bond ofhuman relationship, has been nourished In the depthof a healthy life beyond reach of prying self-analysis.But a mere political relationship is all conscious;it is an eruptive inflammation of aggressiveness.

%2 JAPAN

It has forcibly burst upon your notice. And thetime has come, when you have to be roused into fullconsciousness of the truth by which you live, sothat you may not be taken unawares. The past hasbeen God's gift to you; about the present, you mustmake your own choice.

So the questions you have to put to yourself arethese,"Have we read the world wrong, and basedour relation to it upon an ignorance of human nature.^Is the instinct of the West right, where she buildsher national welfare behind the barricade of a uni-versal distrust of humanity.?"You must have detected a strong accent of fear

whenever the West has discussed the possibilityof the rise of an Eastern race. The reason of it isthis, that the power by whose help she thrives, is anevil power; so long as it is held on her own side she

can be safe, while the rest of the world trembles.

The vital ambition of the present civilisation ofEurope is to have the exclusive possession of thedevil. All her armaments and diplomacy are di-rected upon this one object. But these costly ritualsfor invocation of the evil spirit lead through a path

of prosperity to the brink of cataclysm. The furiesof terror, that the West has let loose upon God'sworld, come back to threaten herself and goad herinto preparations of more and more frightfulness;this gives her no rest and makes her forget all elsebut the perils that she causes to others and incurs

JAPAN 23

herself. To the worship of this devil of politics shesacrifices other countries as victims. She feeds upontheir dead flesh and grows fat upon it, so long asthe carcases remain fresh,but they are sure torot at last, and the dead will take their vengeance,by spreading pollution far and wide and poisoningthe vitality of the feeder. Japan had all her wealthof humanity, her harmony of heroism and beauty,her depth of self-control and richness of self-expres-sion; yet the Western nations felt no respect

for her, till she proved that the blood-hounds ofSatan are not only bred in the kennels of Europe,

but can also be domesticated in Japan and fed withman's miseries. They admit Japan's equality withthemselves, only when they know that Japan hasalso possessed the key to open the floodgate of hell-fire upon the fair earth, whenever she chooses, andcan dance, in their own measure, the devil danceof pillage, murder, and ravishment of innocentwomen, while the world goes to ruin. We know that,in the early stage of man's moral immaturity, he

only feels reverence for his god whose malevolencehe dreads. But is this the ideal of man, which wecan look up to with pride .f* After centuries of civilisa-tion nations fearing each other like the prowling

wild beasts of the night time; shutting their doors

of hospitality; combining only for purpose of ag-gression or defence; hiding in their holes their trade

secrets, state secrets, secrets of their armaments;

24 JAPAN

making peace offerings to the barking dogs of eachother with the meat which does not belong to them;holding down the fallen races struggling to standupon their legs; counting their safety only upon thefeebleness of the rest of humanity; with their righthands dispensing religion to weaker peoples, whilerobbing them with their left,is there anything inthis to make us envious? Are we to bend our kneesto the spirit of this civilisation, which is sowingbroadcast over all the world seeds of fear, greed,suspicion, unashamed lies of their diplomacy, andunctuous lies of their profession of peace and good-will and universal brotherhood of Man? Can wehave no doubt in our minds, when we rush to theWestern market to buy this civilisation in exchangefor our own inheritance? I know how difficult it isto know one's self; and the man, who is intoxicated,furiously denies his drunkenness; yet the West her-self is anxiously thinking of her problems and tryingexperiments. But she is like a glutton, who has notthe heart to give up his intemperance in eating, andfondly clings to the hope that he can cure his night-mares of indigestion by medicine. Europe is notready to give up her political inhumanity, with all

the baser passions of man attendant upon it; shebelieves only in modification of systems, and notin change of heart.

We are willing to buy their machine-made sys-tems, not with our hearts, but with our brains. We

JAPAN 2S

shall try them and build sheds for them, but notenshrine them in our homes, or temples. There areraces, who worship the animals they kill; we can buymeat from them, when we are hungry, but not theworship which goes with that killing. We mustnot vitiate our children's minds with the supersti-tion, that business is business, war is war, politics

is politics. We must know that man's business hasto be more than mere business, and so have to behis war and politics. You had your own industryin Japan; how scrupulously honest and true it was,you can see by its products,by their grace andstrength, their conscientiousness in details, wherethey can hardly be observed. But the tidal wave

of lies has swept over your land from the West, wherebusiness is business, and honesty is followed in itwhere it is the best policy. Have you never feltshame, when you see the trade advertisements, notonly plastering the whole town with lies and ex-aggerations, but invading the green fields, where thepeasants do their honest labour, and the hill-topswhich greet the first pure light of the morning? Itis so easy to dull our sense of honour and delicacyof mind with constant abrasion, while falsehoodstalks abroad, with proud steps, in the name of trade,politics and patriotism, and any protest againsttheir perpetual intrusions into our lives is considered

to be sentimentalism unworthy of true manliness.And it has come to pass, that the children of those

26 JAPAN

heroes, who would keep their word at the point ofdeath, who would disdain to cheat men for vulgarprofit, who even in their fight would much rathercourt defeat than be dishonourable, have becomeenergetic in dealing with falsehoods and do not feelhumiliated by gaining advantage from them. Andthis has been effected by the charm of the word"modern." But if undiluted utility be modern,beauty is of all ages; if mean selfishness be modern,the human ideals are no new inventions. And wemust know for certain, that however modern maybe the proficiency which clips and cripples manfor the sake of methods and machines, it will neverlive to be old.When Japan is in imminent peril of neglecting to

realise where she is great, it is the duty of a foreignerlike myself to remind her, that she has given riseto a civilisation which is perfect in its form, and hasevolved a sense of sight which clearly sees truth inbeauty and beauty in truth. She has achievedsomething which is positive and complete. It iseasier for a stranger to know what it is in her, whichis truly valuable for all mankind,what is there,which only she, of all other races, has produced fromher inner life and not from her mere power of adapta-bility. Japan must be reminded, that it is her sense

of the rhythm of life and of all things, her geniusfor simplicity, her love for cleanliness, her definite-

ness of thought arid action, her cheerful fortitude.

JAPAN 27

her immense reserve of force in self-control, hersensitiveness to her code of honour and defiance ofdeath, which have given her the power to resist thecyclonic storm of exploitation that has sprung from

the shores of Europe circling round and round theworld. All these qualities are the outcome of a

civilisation, whose foundation is in the spiritualideals of life. Such a civilisation has the gift of im-

mortality; for it does not offend against the laws of

creation and is not assailed by all the forces of nature.I feel it is a sacrilege not to be careful to try to pro-

tect it from the incursion of vulgarity of power.But while trying to free our minds from the arro-

gant claims of Europe and to help ourselves out ofthe quicksands of our infatuation, we may go to theother extreme and blind ourselves into a wholesalesuspicion of the West. The reaction of disillusion-ment is just as unreal as the first shock of illusion.We must try to come to that normal state of mind,by which we can clearly discern our own dangerand avoid it, without being unjust towards the sourceof that danger. There is always the natural tempta-tion in us of wishing to pay back Europe in her owncoin, and return contempt for contempt and evilfor evil. But that again would be to imitate Europein one of her worst features which comes out in herbehaviour to people whom she describes as yellowor red, brown or black. And this is a point on whichwe in the East have to acknowledge our guilt and

28 JAPAN

own that our sin has been as great, If not greater,when we insulted humanity by treating with utterdisdain and cruelty men who belonged to a particu-lar creed, colour or caste, It is really because we areafraid of our own weakness, which allows itself tobe overcome by the sight of power, that we try tosubstitute for it another weakness which makes itselfblind to the glories of the West. When we trulyknow the Europe which is great and good, we caneffectively save ourselves from the Europe whichis mean and grasping. It is easy to be unfair inone's judgment when one is faced with humanmiseries,and p'essimism is the result of buildingtheories while the mind is suffering. To despair forhumanity is only possible, if we lose faith in thepower which brings to it strength, when its defeatis greatest, and calls out new life from the depth ofits destruction. We must admit that there is aliving soul in the West which is struggling unob-served against the hugeness of the organisations

under which men, women and children are beingcrushed, and whose mechanical necessities are ignor-ing laws that are spiritual and human,the soulwhose sensibilities refuse to be dulled completelyby the dangerous habits of heedlessness in deaHngswith races for whom it lacks natural sympathy.The West could never have risen to the eminenceshe has reached, if her strength were merely the

strength of the brute, or of the machine. The divine

JAPAN 29

in her heart is suffering from the injuries inflicted

by her hands upon the world,and from this painof her higher nature flows the secret balm which willbring healing to the wounds. Time after time shehas fought against herself and has undone the chainswhich, with her own hands, she had fastened roundhelpless limbs; and though she forced poison downthe throats of a great nation at the point of sword

for gain of money, she herself woke up to withdrawfrom it, to wash her hands clean again. This showshidden springs of humanity in spots which look deadand barren. It proves that the deeper truth in hernature, which can survive such career of cruelcowardliness, is not greed, but reverence for un-selfish ideals. It would be altogether unjust, bothto us and to Europe, to say that she has fascinatedthe modern Eastern mind by the mere exhibitionof her power. Through the smoke of cannons anddust of markets the light of her moral nature hasshone bright, and she has brought to us the ideal ofethical freedom, whose foundation lies deeper thansocial conventions and whose province of activityis world-wide.

The East has instinctively felt, even through heraversion, that she has a great deal to learn fromEurope, not merely about the materials of power,but about its inner source, which is of mind and ofthe moral nature of man. And because Europe haswon our deep respect, she has become so dangerous

30 JAPAN

for us where she is turbulently weak and false, dan-gerous like poison when it is served along with ourfood. There is one safety for us upon which wehope we may count, and that is, that we can claimEurope herself as our best ally in our resistance toher temptations and to her violent encroachments;for she has ever carried her own standard of per-

fection, by which we can measure her falls andgauge her degrees of failures, by which we can callher before her own tribunal and put her to shame,

the shame which is the sign of the true pride ofnobleness.

But our fear is, that the poison may be morepowerful than the food, and what is strength maynot be the sign of health, but the contrary; for itmay be temporarily caused by the upsetting of thebalance of life. Our fear is that evil has a fatefulfascination, when it assumes dimensions which arecolossal,and though, at last, it is sure to lose itscentre of gravity, by its abnormal disproportion,the mischief which it creates before its fall may bebeyond reparation.

Therefore I ask you to have the strength of faithand clarity of mind to know for certain, that thelumbering structure of modern progress, riveted bythe iron screws of efficiency, which runs upon thewheels of ambition, cannot hold together for long.

Collisions are certain to occur; for it has to travel

upon organised lines, it is too heavy to choose its

JAPAN 31

own course freely; and once it is off the rail, its

endless train of vehicles is dislocated. A day willcome, when it will fall in a heap of ruin and causeserious obstruction to the traffic of the world. Do wenot see signs of this even now.? Does not the voice

come to us, through the din of war, the shrieks of

hatred, the wailings of despair, through the churning

up of the unspeakable filth which has been accumu-lating for ages in the bottom of this civilisation,

the voice which cries to our soul, that the tower ofnational selfishness, which goes by the name otpatriotism, which has raised its banner of treasonagainst heaven, must totter and fall with a crash,weighed down by its own bulk, its flag kissing thedust, its light extinguished? My brothers, when thered light of conflagration sends up its crackle of

laughter to the stars, keep your faith upon thosestars and not upon the fire of destruction. For whenthis conflagration consumes itself and dies down,leaving its memorial in ashes, the eternal light willagain shine in the East,the East which has beenthe birthplace of the morning sun of man's history.And who knows if that day has not already dawned,and the sun not risen, in the Easternmost horizonof Asia.? And I offer, as did my ancestor rishis,my salutation to that sunrise of the East, which isdestined once again to illumine the whole world.

I know my voice is too feeble to raise itself abovethe uproar of this bustling time, and it is easy for

3.2 JAPAN

any street urchin to fling against me the epithet of

"unpractical." It will stick to my coat-tail, neverto be washed away, efl"ectively excluding me fromthe consideration of all respectable persons. I knowwhat a risk one runs, from the vigorously athleticcrowds, to be styled an idealist in these days, whenthrones have lost their dignity and prophets havebecome an anachronism, when the sound that drownsall voices is the noise of the market-place. Yet when,one day, standing on the outskirts of Yokohamatown, bristling with its display of modern miscel-lanies, I watched the sunset in your southern sea,and saw its peace and majesty among your pine-clad hills,with the great Fujiama growing faintagainst the golden horizon, like a god overcome withhis own radiance,the music of eternity welled upthrough the evening silence, and I felt that the skyand the earth and the lyrics of the dawn and thedayfall are with the poets and idealists, and not withthe marketsmen robustly contemptuous of all senti-ments,that, after the forgetfulness of his own

divinity, man will remember again that heaven isalways in touch with his world, which can never beabandoned for good to the hounding wolves of themodern era, scenting human blood and howling tothe skies.