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Japanese Experiences in Urbanization
& Urban Planning System in Japan
JICA ExpertKenichi WAKAMATSU
23 Aug.2001 Jakarta
Today’s point
Japanese Experiences in Urbanization Outline of Urban Planning System in
Japan Suggestion for Special Planning
System in Indonesia
Japanese Experiences in Urbanization
GDP per capita in Japan
Comprehensive National
Development Plan
Empowering the Private Sector by Concentrating
Public Investments
National Income per capita in Japan
As a result … ⇒ We had several urban problems.
Formation of poor quality urbanized areas without provision for minimum public facilities, that is sprawl
Environmental pollution Traffic congestion,etc
Urbanization Process in Various
Countries
Characteristics of Urbanization in Developing
Countries
Urbanization Speed
Concentration of functions and population in the metropolis, especially in national capitals
Urban Planning Systemin Japan
History of Urban Planning Law
1968 • Detailed Zoning System
End of 19c.
1919
PrimitiveUrban Planning
Old Urban Planning Law
New Urban Planning
Law
• Capital Development
• Covering the urban area in the whole Country• Urban Infrastructure Development
The objectives of the 1968 Law
Enactment of land use plans with legal power Supply of building lots in new urban areas Regulation and guidance of land use through
Land Development Permission System Devolving the regulating powers of Urban
Planning to local governments The introduction of a democratic process of
urban planning
Difference between “Spatial Planning in RI ”and “Urban Planning in Japan”
“Spatial Planning in RI ”deals with all of lands.
“Urban Planning in Japan”deals with only urban and/or its suburb area
Urban Planning Area
Area (thousands-
km2)
Population
(mil.)
Numbers of
City/Town
Total Nation(A) 377 123 3236Urban Planning
Area(B) 95 113 1960
B/A 25.2% 92.2% 60.6%
Group C
Urban Planning Lawand Related Legislation
Urban Facilities Related
Urban Planning Law
・ Comprehensive National Land Development Law・ National Land Utilization Planning Law・ National Capital Region Development Law・ Act for construction of Arterial Motorways for National Land Development
・ Act concerning the development Farming Promotion Areas・ Forest Law・ Land Expropriation Law
・ Building Standard Law・ Act Concerning Harbors Law・ Act Concerning Agricultural Land etc. Reserved in the Urbanization Promotion Area
・ Land Readjustment Law・ New Residential Built-up Area Development Law・ Urban Renewal Law
Land Use Zoning Related
Urban Development Projects Related ・ Road Law
・ Tramways Law・ River Law・ City Parks Law・ Sewerage Law・ Parking Place Law
Group A Group B
Main Components of
Urban Planning Law
Urban Planning Law
Zoning System
Land Development Permission System
Urban Planning Project
The City Planning Law and Construction Standard law which Components Each Other above 4m width Road Public Facilities Development Added Review System of Development Project Conditions to Develop Projects Project Oriented Planning
Procedure of Urban Planning Approval
Draft Plan Public Review
Urban Planning Council of the Prefectural Gover
nment
Urban PlanningApproval
Public Hearing&
Explanation Meeting
Submission ofConcerned Resident’s
Opinion
Validation of the Minister of
Construction
Coordination with Related
Agencies
Opinions ofthe
Municipality
Urban Planning Council of the Municipality,etc.
Summaries
A scenery ofexplanation meeting
Project Oriented Planning
General In Japan
Project implement Security in a Period of High Urban Development Demands
Planning Organization
Engineering Organization
Project
Planning Section
Engineering
Section
Urban Planning Project
Procedure of Plan Implementation for Urban
Planning Projects
Individual development activities become limited In this phase, neither land purchase nor actual construction takes place.
vested right is given to a developer to purchase land Landowner within a project area shall have the right to inverse possession
Demolition of existing structure for the purpose of implementation becomes possible. Compulsory transfer of real estates rights becomes possible.
Plan Approval (Public Facility Development and/or Urban Development Projects)
Administrative Action to Implement Project
Validation of Project
Suggestion forSpecial Planning System
in Indonesia
We have to separate Urban Planning from Spatial Planning!
Establishment of the concept “Urban Planning”
Spatial Planning
Urban Planning
A chain ofimplementing
flow! (democratic
process)
Plan Approval
Draft PlanCommunity Participation
Project
<Residents> <administration>
Cooperation
(Right)(Duty)
Information(Duty)
Promotion of Projects
(Right)
This system should be stipulated in details by laws.
Project Oriented Planning!
Urban Development Projects should be authorized with legal power.
Urban Development Projects should be included in Spatial Plan.
⇒ Land Consolidation and/or KASIBA would be more and more important.
A democratic and effective method
on Urban Development- Land Consolidation -
Roles of Stakeholders onCollaborative Urban
Development
Residents, Businessperso
ns
Specialists(NGO,
Consultants)
Administration
Support
cooperation
Advise Activities of Collaborative
Urban Development
CommunityParticipation
A scenery of workshop
Future Themes for explanation
Role of Central and Local Government
Urban Development Projects Zoning System District Plan etc.
Thank you for your attention
See you again!