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Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

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Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration. World HistoryDecember 13, 2013. Japan’s Geography. Japan is a mountainous archipelago It is located in the Ring of Fire It is close to China, but for the most part is physically separated from other nations. Japan’s Policy of Isolation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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JAPANESE I SOLATIONISM & THE MEIJI RESTORATION WOR LD H ISTORY DEC EMBER 13, 2013
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Page 1: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

JAPA

NESE

ISOLATIONISM &

THE

MEIJI RESTORATIO

N

W O R L D HI S

T O R Y

D E C E M B E R 13 , 2

0 1 3

Page 2: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

• Japan is a mountainous archipelago

• It is located in the Ring of Fire

• It is close to China, but for the most part is physically separated from other nations

JAPAN’S GEOGRAPHY

Page 3: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

• In the early 1600s, Japan shut itself off from the world

• This is called isolationism

• Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan remained strictly ordered by following a system of feudalism

• Samurai warriors kept Japan protected and fairly peaceful for two centuries

• Throughout a period of 200 years, many foreign countries had requested trade with Japan

• Japan refused

JAPAN’S POLICY OF ISOLATION

Page 4: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

• Religion• Mixture of native Shintoism and Zen Buddhism• Also a sense of Confucianism

• Economy• Growing internal trade during the Edo period• Merchants began to surpass the samurai in wealth

• Rigid Social Order• These limits were being tested by the end of the Tokugawa

Shogunate

JAPANESE CULTURE AND ECONOMY

Page 5: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

• U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry (1794 – 1858)• 1853 – gunboat diplomacy• 1854 – trade treaty with the U.S.• Great Britain, Netherlands, and

Russia soon gained similar trading rights

• Townsend Harris (1804 – 1878)• U.S. Consul General to Japan• 1858 – commercial treaty

between U.S. and Japan• European powers soon gained

similar rights in Japan

END OF JAPANESE ISOLATIONISM

Page 6: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

Pros Cons“Dutch Learning” (Western knowledge) became very popular among many doctors, scholars, and scientists

Western knowledge went against many traditional Japanese beliefs

Japanese entrepreneurs, merchants, and budding industrialists stood to profit from increased trade

Traditional holders of prestige and power (daimyos and samurai) did not tend to profit from increased trade

Resentment SolutionExtraterritorial rights of Americans and Europeans

“If you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em”

Anti-foreign uprisings (1863-1864) Japan has the power to set conditionsJapanese parts in turn bombarded by foreign ships

Westernization

THE JAPANESE REACTION

Page 7: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

•When the unpopular Tokugawa Shogun stepped down in 1867, the young Emperor Mutsuhito made many changes• Shogun had to give up power• Power was officially in the hands of

Emperor Mutsuhito• Wanted to modernize, industrialize,

and militarize• This began the Meiji Era (1867-1913)• Meiji = “enlightened rule”

MEIJI RESTORATION

Page 8: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

REFORMSPolitical Economic Military Social

• Diet – Japan’s bicameral legislature• First

convened in 1889

• Meiji (Imperial) Constitution• Adopted in

1890• Followed

until WWII

• End of feudalism

• Currency adopted

• Encouragement of foreign trade

• Growth of factories• First large

factories manufactured textiles

• First workers were girls and women

• Land reform

• Previously the army did not serve a central government

• Meiji Era: Modern army and navy established that were loyal to the government

• Conscription – all men had to serve for three years after turning 21

• Education for all levels

• Universities established

• Westernization of many laws

• Western clothing

• Western architecture

Page 9: Japanese Isolationism & The Meiji Restoration

• Imperialization = things having to do with an empire

Why did Japan look to imperialize?• Lack of fertile land for

agriculture• Markets for finished products• Need for the raw materials of

industry• Population growth• Response to Western

Imperialism

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM


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