JAXA Activities in Earth Observation JAXA Activities in Earth Observation from Space from Space
KMA, SeoulKMA, SeoulJune 1-3, 2005June 1-3, 2005
Tomomi NioTomomi NioEarth Observation Research and application Center (EORC)Earth Observation Research and application Center (EORC)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
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Topics
1. JAXA Earth Observation Program1. JAXA Earth Observation Program
- JAXA Long-term Vision- JAXA Long-term Vision
- GEOSS Implementation Plan- GEOSS Implementation Plan
2. Operation Status2. Operation Status
- TRMM- TRMM
- Aqua/AMSR-E- Aqua/AMSR-E
- Terra&Aqua/MODIS- Terra&Aqua/MODIS
- Network Interface- Network Interface
3. Future Program3. Future Program
- ALOS- ALOS
- GOSAT- GOSAT
- GPM- GPM
- GCOM-W/C- GCOM-W/C
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1. JAXA Earth Observation Program
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1. JAXA Earth Observation Program
JAXA long-term vision was released in Apr. 2005– 20 years plan– Main vision in Earth Observation;
• To contribute the safe and rich society utilizing space technology.
– To make the helpful system for the natural disaster and to develop the system for Asia-Pacific region <Risk management system>
– To realize the helpful system for earth environmental problem and to use it as the policy planning tool internationally <Environment monitoring system>
– Reflected the GEOSS 10-year implementation plan
5海難事故
洪水
森林火災
火山噴火
地震
津波地上観測網
測位衛星群 超大型移動体通信衛星
全ての被災地住民
災害警報災害状況避難経路指示被災者間通信家族の位置情報
総合情報センター
災害の予測から避難指示、家族の位置確認まで直接個人携帯にサービス
将来の災害・危機管理情報収集通報システム
静止衛星小型衛星群
不審船
僻地、海上等の無人観測局
台風
災害観測データ収集
個人携帯配信
観測ブイ
超高速通信衛星
被災地上網と接続
地球観測衛星群
高分解能陸域観測衛星
全球降水観測衛星
Image of the vision
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Earth Observation 10-Year Implementation Plan
Identification of key observation areas and objective (9 benefits such as reducing loss of life and property from natural
and human induced disasters, understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating, and adapting to climate variability and change and so on).
Overcome shortcomings of current observation systems (strengthen involvement of the developing countries, improve Earth observation technology, strengthen observation systems).
Give guidance for establishing new Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) by strengthen existing observation systems, establishing successor international mechanism.
The Earth Observation Summit adopted the 10- year implementation plan on February 16,2005
1. JAXA EO program
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Social Benefits and Requirement (GEOSS 10y-IP)
1. Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human induced disasters
2. Understanding environmental factors affecting human health and well being
3. Improving management of energy resources 4. Understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating and
adapting to climate variability and change5. Improving water resource management through better
understanding of the water cycle6. Improving weather information, forecasting and warning7. Improving the management and protection of terrestrial,
coastal and marine ecosystems8. Supporting sustainable agriculture and combating
desertification9. Understanding, monitoring and conserving biodiversity
The 9 social benefit area
1. JAXA EO program
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JAXA’s Contribution to GEOSS~2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
Disaster Monitoring
AndResource Management
【 Optical Sensor】MOS-1,ADEOS (87~95) (96~97)
【 Optical & SAR】JERS-1 (92~98)
【 PrecipitationRadar】TRMM/PR
(97~)
【 Microwave Sensor】
MOS-1(87~95)
【 Optical Sensor】MOS-1, ADEOS(87~95) (96~97)
【 Cloud Radar】
【 Spectrometer】ADEOS/ILAS
(96~97)
JFY
ALOS
ADEOS-II / ILAS-II GOSAT
ADEOS-II / AMSR
Aqua / AMSR-E
ADEOS-II / GLI
【 Sea Surface Wind Vector, SST】
Geo-Stationary Earth Observation Mission
Disaster Monitoring Constellation Mission
GPM / DPR
Note: This chart includes NOT authorized plan【CO2】
Global WarmingAnd
Global Water Cycle
ObservationWater Cycle Observation
Climate Change
Observation
Greenhouse Gas
Observation
GCOM-C/ SGLI
GCOM-W/ AMSR
【 Cloud, Aerosol, Vegetation】
【 Cloud, Aerosol】
Legend SymbolPlanned ProjectApproved ProjectAfter Operation Period
4.1 Disasters
4.2 Health
TRMM / PR4.5 Water
4.4 Climate
4.6 Weather
EarthCARE / CPR
4.3 Energy
Social Benefit Areas of Drafts GEOSS10-Year Implementation Plan
4.7 Ecosystems
4.8 Agriculture
4.9 Biodiversity
1. JAXA EO program
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2. Operation Status
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2. Operation Status
1. TRMM (’97.11- )– After operation period ( 7.5 years old )– A lot of Results– TRMM Typhoon database is very popular
and interesting.
2. Aqua/AMSR-E (’02.5- )– AMSR-E project is going to shift to the
post utilization phase
3. MODIS&AMSR-E NRT Data Release (’04.7-)
– EOC has been receiving the MODIS data by direct readout since July 2004.
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Tropical Cyclone Data Base
JAXA EORC Tropical Cyclone Data Base– TRMM Tropical
Cyclone Data Base and AMSR/AMSR-E Data Base will be merged.
– Tropical Cyclones data observed by TRMM/PR,TMI,VIRS, Aqua/AMSR-E and Midori-II (ADEOS-II)/AMSR will be available on June 8.
http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp
2. Operation Status
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MODIS & AMSR-E NRT Data Coverage:Around JAXA/EOC (Hatoyama station) Release Data
– Level 1B (Brightness Temperature / Geometrical Calibrated)– Sea Surface Temperature (SST)– Chlorophyll-a (CHLA)– 5 days Average SST (AMSR-E)
How to get data?– Image Gallery http://www.eoc.jaxa.jp/satellite/sendata/modis3_j.html
2. Operation Status
– Binary Data (5,250yen/Month)Registration users can download the MODIS data in 3 – 5 hours after the receiving and the AMSR-E data in 12 hours after the receiving.
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Network interfaces with other agencies Japanese agencies;
– RESTEC– HIT– NICT– JMA/MSC– JAFIC
Foreign agency;– NASA/JPL
EOC send the following data to JMA/MSC.– AQUA/AMSR-E : Rate Buffered data, IST, AMSR-E Level 1A– TRMM : PR QL/Level 0, TMI/VIRS real time product, RST– QuikSCAT : Met data
2. Operation Status
ALOS Users-GSI-ERSDAC
ALOS Data Node -AADN -AEDN -OADN -GISTDA
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Interface – AMSR-E/AQUA –
GSFC(EDOS)JAXA/EOC
Transpacific ATM 2MbpsEBnet ATM
JAXA/EOC
ATM 1MbpsJMA/MSC
Wide area Ethernet JAXA/EORC
JPL(PO.DAAC)
DR 128KbpsJAFIC
EDOS_0907 R1540402R154095 AMSR-E
gdpsjb01/11JPLP_0903
(_P01A) P1AME(_P01B)
EOCDDS (_N2SST,_N2CLW,_N2AP0, EORC_0903 External
_N2WVO,_N2SSW)(_N01B) P1AME
JMA_0903(_N2SSW,_N2AP0,_N2CLW) P1AMEAMSR/AMSR-E
(common)JAFI_0903 hdpsfb33/34
(_N2SST,_N2WVO) P1AME
2. Operation Status
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JPL
GSFC(SDPF,TSDIS)JAXA/EOC
Transpacific ATM 2Mbps
EBnet ATM
JAXA/EOC
Wide area Ethernet JAXA/EORC
ATM 1MbpsJMA/MSC
ISDN 1.5MbpsNICT
2A25r JMA_0603 TRMM NRT get1B11.
TSDS_0603 DDS1B01. hdps1t04 TMI/VIRS get1B11. EORC_0603
EOCCRL_0603 T1PR External
HKDThdps1t01
SDPF_0603 TRMM_QLTRMM_LZ consim
SDPF_0601 TRMM_OREORC_0601
Interface –TRMM –2. Operation Status
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JPL
GSFC(CSAFS)JAXA/EOC Transpacific ATM 2Mbps
EBnet ATM
JAXA/EOC
ATM 1MbpsJMA/MSC
DR 128KbpsJAFIC
NOAA/NESDIS
JAFI_1021 EOCGSFC_1021 NQ.QBUF.QS. DDS External
JMA_1021
Interface – QuikSCAT –2. Operation Status
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3. Future Program
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3.Future Program
Satellite Phase
JFY’05 ’06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11
ALOSOperation Preparation
△ Sep.
L+9M- △
GOSATDevelopment
△Aug. △
GPMStudy&Design
△Feb. △
GCOM -W -CConceptual Study
△winter
△ △
winter△
EarthCAREConceptual Study
△
*Japanese Financial Year : April to March in next calendar year
EORC move to Tsukuba
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Future Program
ALOSAdvanced Land Observing Satellite
3. Future Program
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ALOS Overview
JAXA’s High-Resolution Earth Observing Satellite Mission
– Cartography (1/25,000)– Regional Environmental Monitoring– Disaster Monitoring– Resources Survey
Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for
Stereo Mapping (PRISM)
Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2
(AVNIR-2)
Data Relay Communication AntennaStar Tracker
GPS Antenna
Solar Array Paddle
9m
22m
Mass: 4000kg
Power: 7kW
Orbit : Sun Synchronous
Altitude: 691.65km
Repeat Cycle : 46days
Launch Date : Sep. 2005
Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
(PALSAR)
3. Future Program
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ALOS Current Status Post Qualification Review and Mission Development Confirm
ation Review were held this May. Now we are preparing for the operation doing rehearsal, traini
ng, etc. ALOS satellite was carried to the launch site in Tanegashima. ALOS will be launched this September by H-IIA.
– The “date” is under negotiation within JAXA.
ALOS is very expected to contribute widely to science and application field;– Natural resource management– Disaster monitoring and damage mitigation– Regional development and planning
JAXA became a member of the International Charter.
http://www.disasterscharter.org/
3. Future Program
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Future Program
GOSATGreenhouse gasses Observing SATellite
3. Future Program
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GOSAT Overview3. Future Program
FSSH-1XANT-1XANT-2SANT-1
ESH
CAM-H1
CS光学系ユニットGOS光学系ユニット
FSSH-2/3 TEDA-LPT2
TEDA-LPT1
PDL
Z(地心方向)
(進行方向、ロケット機軸方向)X
Y
FSSH-1XANT-1XANT-2SANT-1
ESH
CAM-H1
CS光学系ユニットGOS光学系ユニット
FSSH-2/3 TEDA-LPT2
TEDA-LPT1
PDL
FSSH-1XANT-1XANT-2SANT-1
ESH
CAM-H1
CS光学系ユニットGOS光学系ユニット
FSSH-2/3 TEDA-LPT2
TEDA-LPT1
PDL
Z(地心方向)
(進行方向、ロケット機軸方向)X
Y
Z(地心方向)
(進行方向、ロケット機軸方向)X
Y
MASS: Approx. 1650kgPower: 3.3kw – EOLDesigned Life Span: 5yearsOrbit Plan: Altitude 666km Sun-Synchronous Sub-Recurrent OrbitOrbit Inclination: 98deg.Launch: Aug.2008 by H-IIA (TBD)
GOS (Greenhouse gasses Observing Sensor)
CS(Cloud Sensor)
Mission– To observe greenhouse effect gasses globally
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Future Program
GPMGlobal Precipitation Measurement
3. Future Program
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From TRMM to GPM
NASA, JAXA and
NICT International Cooperation
Mission
3. Future Program
Cooperation(Expected partners) : NOAA(US),NASA(US),ESA(EU), CNES/ISRO(France/India) and others
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GPM Overview3. Future Program
Mission:Core Satellite– Observation of rainfall
with more accurate and higher resolution
– Adjustment of data from constellation satellites
Constellation Satellites– More frequent
observationGPM – Global observation
every 3 hours↓↓– Earth heating Earth heating
PhenomenaPhenomena– Study of Climate ChangeStudy of Climate Change– Improvement of Improvement of
forecasting systemforecasting system
Core Satellite Constellation Satellites
Orbit Sun-asynchronous
Sun-synchronous
Inclination Approx. 68 deg. Approx. 90 deg.
Altitude Approx. 600 km Approx. 600 kmPeriod Approx. 92
minutesApprox. 100 minutes
Mission Instrument
DPR*GMI
Microwave Radiometer
Resolution
KuPR:245kmKaPR:120km
Approx. 800kmRange resolution
250m ---
Launch Date 2010 (TBD) ---
Mission of Life 3 years and 2 months
---
*DPR=Dual Frequency Radiometer 14GHz KuPR and 35GHz KaPR
2 satellites
8 satellites
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GMIDPR
JAXA
GPM Data Flow GCOM-W U.S.
ESAInternational Partners
GPM core TDRS
White SandsJAXA
AMSR-2
JAXA
MWR MWRGPM core(DPR,GMI)
ESA
MWR
MWR
MWR
MWR
CHINAInternational
Partners
XXX XXX XXX
Data center・ data collection( DPR+GMI+MWRs)・ 3hr global rain map generation
user( operational and research organization, etc)3hr global rain-map
PPS@NASA/GSFC
Data Pool
Data Pool
3. Future Program
Tb(L1c)
Tb(L1b) Tb(L1b)Tb(L1b)
Tb(L1b)
GDaWG: GPM Data Working Group
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Roles of GDaWG
To Investigate and coordinate – Common requirements – Technical interface
Regarding data acquisition, processing, sharing (including near real-time), archiving and distribution.
– Data format etc.
Next GDaWG meeting; – Fall or winter in 2005 (TBD)
3. Future Program
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GPM Data Exchange 3. Future Program
JAXA@Tsukuba
JMAInternationalFlood Alert
Network (IFNet)
3hr- Global Rain Map L1c(Tb)
(GMI and MWRs)
Standard
NRT
OperationalUsers
ResearchUsers
NASA PartnerPartner
PartnerPartner
Asian Area
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Project Status
JAXA re-studied the mission requirement.– JAXA standard products are reconsidered. <See next page>
JAXA will have the phase-up review for the development after winter of this year.
JAXA, NICT and NASA have the international workshop every year. We are planning next workshop;– 5th GPM International Workshop
• Date: 7(Mon) – 9 (Wed) , November 2005• Place: Shinagawa Prince Hotel in Tokyo, Japan
<Please join this workshop! After September everyone will be able to register in website whic
h is linked EORC top page.>Target : Asian users We want to know and summarize user requirement again in ord
er to reflect the system development. We hope to GPM data will be used in operational application such as IFNet (International Flood Alert Network).
3. Future Program
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JAXA GPM/DPR Products( draft)ProductLevel Algorithm Parameters Scene
Unit SwathResolution
Product SizeHorizontal Vertical
1KuPR Algorithm Received Power, Z-factor 1 orbit 240km 5km 125m 370MB
KaPR Algorithm Received Power, Z-factor 1 orbit 120km 5km 125m250m 250MB
2
KuPR AlgorithmSurface Cross Section, Rain Type、 Bright Band Height, Corrected Z-factor, Rain Rate
1 orbit 240km 5km 125m 440MB
KaPR AlgorithmSurface Cross Section, Rain Type、 Bright Band Height, Corrected Z-factor, Rain Rate
1 orbit 120km 5km 125m 361MB
Dual-frequency Algorithm
Rain Rate, Rain Drop-size Distribution( N0, D0) , Rain or Snow, Attenuation 1 orbit 240km 5km 250m 400MB
DPR/GMICombined Algorithm
Rain Rate 1 orbit 240km 5km 250m 100MB
Surface Rain 1 orbit 800km 7km - 16MB
3
Dual-frequency Algorithm
Rain Mean, Total Counts, Rain Pixels, Mean of Bright Band Height, etc.
1 month (Global) 0.5˚ 250m 170MB
DPR/GMICombined Algorithm
Surface Rain Mean, Total Counts, Rain Pixels
1 month (Global) 0.5˚ - 3MB
Global Precipitation Map
Surface Rain Mean, Total Counts, Rain Pixels 3 hours (Global) 0.5˚ - 4MB
Real Time Surface Rain Rate TBD - TBD
Blue:1st priority product, Yellow:2nd priority product, Red: research effort based product
3. Future Program
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Future Program
GCOMGlobal Climate Observation Mission
3. Future Program
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GCOM Overview
JAXA GN(Tracking & S/C
Operation System)
JAXA EORC(Mission Operation System)
Recieving Station(High Latitude Station)
GCOM-W GCOM-C
HK-TT&C (USB)
Mission Data (X-band:TBD)
Mission Data (X-band:TBD)
Altitude:699.6kmInclination:98.19degLocal Time: 13:30Sensor: - AMSR-2 - SeaWinds(TBD)
Altitude:798km or 973.2kmInclination:99.36degLocal Time: 10:30Sensor: - SGLI
Data (On-line)
3. Future Program
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Summary
JAXA is challenging to realize the long-term vision and correspond to the GOESS implementation plan.– Risk management system– Environmental observation system
JAXA has been studying the future earth observation program such as GPM and GCOM-W. – scientific research and demonstration of operational
applications such as numerical weather forecast and disaster prevention program
– To keep exchanging opinion, requirement, and data with big operational users such as meteorological agencies.