J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville KEEPS Energy Management Toolkit Step 2:...

J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville

KEEPS Energy Management ToolkitStep 2: Assess Performance & OpportunitiesToolkit 2E: Evaluating School HVAC Systems

Kentucky Energy Efficiency Program for Schools

KEEPS EnergyManagement Toolkit

Step 2

Assess Performance & Opportunities

Toolkit 2E

Evaluating School HVAC Systems

KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

KEEPS Energy Management ToolkitToolkit 2E: Evaluating School HVAC Systems

KEEPSEnergyManagementToolkit

Toolkit 2EEvaluating School HVAC Systems

2


7-Step Energy Management Process

1. Make the Commitment

2. Assess Performance and Opportunities

3. Set Performance Goals

4. Create an Action Plan

5. Implement the Action Plan

6. Evaluate Progress

7. Recognize Achievements

3

4KPPC Kentucky’s Resource Center for Environmental Sustainability

Evaluating School HVAC Systems Overview

Importance

KEEPS Five-step HVAC Evaluation Process

KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Forms

KEEPS Energy Assessment Tools

KEEPS Assessment Report


Why evaluate a school’s HVAC system?

• Gain knowledge and understanding of HVAC systems and how they impact energy use and performance

• Identify future upgrades or replacement for poor-performing equipment

• Make recommendations and present Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs) to district stakeholders


A typical K-12 school HVAC system consumes 58% of its energy usage


KEEPS HVAC Evaluation Process

Step 1: Identify and Document Equipment and Controls

Step 2: Conduct a Visual Inspection of all Systems

Step 3: Review Operations and Maintenance Programs

Step 4: Evaluate HVAC Controls

Step 5: Identify Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs)


Recommended Tools

• Assortment of Screwdrivers• Flat-head (slotted) and crossed (Phillips)

• Various sizes

• Flashlight

• Digital Camera• Helpful and highly recommended


Step 1: Identify and Document Equipment and Controls• Review all HVAC

equipment• Gather information on

equipment including identification, ratings, fuel type and age

• Sources include:• Facility staff and school

personnel• Rating plates• Building drawings and

specifications


KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems - Equipment


HVAC Systems Assessment Form 1








Step 2: Conduct a Visual Inspection of All Systems

• See first-hand the condition of the HVAC

Equipment

• Get a general observation and feel for

the condition of the HVAC Systems.

Perform the Step 2 visual inspection during the

Step 1 identification process.


Observe the Overall Appearance of the Equipment• Motors and Belts (Noisy, Squeal)• Dampers (Linkage Connected, Lubricated) • Filters and Fans (Dirty)• Bearings (Noisy)• Duct Connections (Air Leakage)• Condenser and Evaporator Coils (Dirty)• Burners (Dirty)• Insulation (Missing or Damaged)• Piping and Valves (Leaking)








Step 3: Review Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Programs

• Verify if maintenance and repairs are performed on a regular basis

• Confirm what type of record-keeping is maintained

• Verify if any labeling is performed to facilitate O&M

• Verify if personnel are properly trained


Review Current O&M Programs

• Does a preventative maintenance program exist?

• Are any predictive maintenance activities performed?

• Are any informal records available pertaining to repairs and maintenance?


Are HVAC Systems and Components Labeled?


O&M Training

• Are training needs being addressed?

• Is there any specialized equipment that requires staff training?

• Have other personnel received training (i.e. teachers trained on programming thermostats)?

23


KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems – O&M


O&M Form Section 1:Preventative Maintenance


O&M Form Section 2:Predictive Maintenance


O&M Form Sections 3 through 6:Record Keeping, Labeling, Training, Reactive vs. Proactive


Step 4: Evaluate HVAC Controls

• Understand what degree of Building Automation System (BAS) controls are in place to reduce energy consumption

• Review current HVAC temperature adjustment settings and policies

• Review other HVAC controls that may be used to control energy consumption

• Determine commissioning needs

28


KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems - Controls


Controls Form Section 1:Building Automation System


Controls Form Section 2:Temperature Adjustments


Controls Form Sections 3 and 4:Miscellaneous Controls Items and Commissioning


Step 5: Identify Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs)

• Use information gathered from steps 1 through 4 to determine potential Energy Management Opportunities for HVAC systems and controls


HVAC Systems EMOs

EMO 1: HVAC replacement, upgrade, modifications and/or additions

EMO 2: O&M program enhancements

EMO 3: HVAC controls installation and implementation

EMO 4: Commissioning, retro-commissioning, re-commissioning


EMO 1: HVAC Considerations

• Replacement of the HVAC systems

• Upgrade or refurbishment of the systems


EMO 1: HVAC Replacement Considerations

• Age of Equipment. Is it more than 15 years

old or greater than the median age on the

ASHRAE Life Expectancy Table?

• Condition of Equipment. How good or bad

did it look during the visual inspection?

• Efficiency Recommendations. Does the

equipment meet ASHRAE Recommended

Efficiency ratings?


ASHRAE Life Expectancy Table

Source: Limited Condition Survey and Usability/Reuse Study, page 34. University of Connecticut Greater Hartford Campus. September 10, 2003.

37


ASHRAE HVAC Minimum Efficiency Ratings

Review equipment

efficiency with

ASHRAE HVAC

Minimum Efficiency

Ratings for Zone 4

K-12 Schools

Source: ASHRAE 30%

Advance Energy Design Guide

for K-12 School Buildings,

page 938. American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-

Conditioning Engineers .

September 2010.

38


ASHRAE Ratings: Water-source Heat Pump


EMO 1: HVAC Upgrade/Refurbishment Considerations

• Age of Equipment. Is it more than 8 years old,

but less than 15?

• Condition of Equipment. How good or bad did

it look during the visual inspection?

• Efficiency Recommendations. If there are no

existing economizers, and heat recovery and

installation looks physically possible, consider

upgrading with economizers.


• Locate “HVAC & Controls” in the KEEPS Assessment Report and describe the school’s existing HVAC system.

• List HVAC energy management opportunities and recommendations.

KEEPS Report Input

41


EMO 2: O&M Program Enhancements

• Review the information recorded on the

KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for

HVAC Systems - O&M.

• Use observations made during the visual

inspection to assist in evaluating the

effectiveness of current O&M programs.

• Provide recommendations based on the extent

and effectiveness of O&M activities observed.


O&M Opportunities:Preventative Maintenance

• Recommend a preventative maintenance program if none exists.

• If not practical, then at a minimum, establish a system for tracking maintenance and repairs.


O&M Opportunities:Predictive Maintenance

• Evaluate benefits of a predictive maintenance program.• Infrared analysis• Oil analysis• Ultrasonic analysis• Vibration analysis


O&M Opportunities: Record Keeping


O&M Opportunities: Labeling

• Recommend the labeling of equipment, services, piping, valves and other equipment.

• Labeling is an inexpensive and effective method for helping personnel properly operate and maintain equipment.


O&M Opportunities: Training

• Operation and maintenance of existing

equipment

• Specialized equipment

• Energy reduction policies and

procedures (teachers and staff)

• Use of programmable thermostats

(teachers and staff)


O&M Opportunities:Reactive vs. Proactive


Operations & Maintenance Benefits

• Energy savings

• Extension of equipment life

• Enhanced internal air quality

• Elimination of contaminant sources

• Increased occupant comfort

• Improved reliability

• Avoidance of classroom disruptions

• Maintenance staff empowerment


• Locate “Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Program” in the KEEPS Assessment Report and modify respective figures and other necessary words/sentences for your specific school.

• Describe O&M energy management opportunities and recommendations.

KEEPS Report Input

50


EMO 3: HVAC Controls Installation and Implementation

• Review the information captured on KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems - Controls

• Provide recommendations based on the extent and effectiveness of HVAC controls activities observed


HVAC Controls: Energy Management System (EMS) Opportunities• If a Energy Management System (EMS) exists, then

maintain the system and verify that programming is

updated.

• If using programmable thermostats, then upgrade to an

EMS and verify proper thermostat programming.

• If timers are used, then upgrade to an EMS and verify that

timers are set correctly.

• If using manual thermostats, then upgrade to

programmable thermostats at a minimum.

• Consider potential for active outside air controls.


HVAC Controls: Temperature Adjustment Opportunities

• If heating and cooling is not adjusted automatically, then recommend a program for adjusting be put in place• See KEEPS Energy Management Toolkit

E1: Thermostat Setback Opportunities)

• Train personnel that control setbacks


HVAC Controls: Temperature Adjustment Opportunities (cont.)

• If complaints about the building’s comfort are non-existent or minimal, consider further modifications to temperature setbacks.

• Review the override capabilities for temperature adjustment and verify that if overrides exist, they are properly controlled.


HVAC Controls: MiscellaneousOpportunities

• Consider separate controls for zones.

• Recommend ventilation fans be shut down when not required.

• Adjust housekeeping schedule to minimize HVAC impact.


• Locate “HVAC & Controls” in the KEEPS Assessment Report, then modify and add respective figures and other necessary words/sentences for your specific school.

• Describe HVAC controls energy management opportunities and recommendations.

KEEPS Report Input

56


EMO 4: Commissioning, Retro-commissioning and Re-commissioning

• If the school has never been commissioned, recommend retro-commissioning. If the school has not been commissioned in 2 to 3 years, recommend re-commissioning.

• If the school has undergone major building renovations or expansion or it is planned in the future, commissioning should be recommended.

• If ENERGY STAR® Target Finder benchmarked the school higher than the average CBECS K-12 school, consider commissioning.

• If school is due for HVAC replacement, defer commissioning until equipment is replaced.


Commissioning Benefits

• Schools have an average 3.3-year simple payback, or $0.09/ft².

• Retro-commissioning typically translates into energy savings of 5 to 15%.

• As a result of the process, staff will understand the building and how to keep it in optimal condition.


• Locate “Retro-Commissioning” in the KEEPS Assessment Report and modify respective figures and other necessary words/sentences for your specific school.

• Modify the inset box by multiplying the building square footage by $.30/sq ft to obtain cost, and by $.09/sq ft to obtain estimated annual savings. Simple payback would be 3.3 years.

KEEPS Report Input

59


References

O&M Best Practiceshttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/omguide_complete.pdf

Energy Efficiency in Industrial HVAC SystemsHttp://www.p2pays.org/ref/26/25985.pdf

Recommended Actions Checklist - CO₂ Sensorshttp://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/recommended_actions_checklist

EnergySmart Schools U.S. DOEhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energysmartschools/o-and-m_guide.html

ASHRAE Energy Design Guides websitehttp://www.ashrae.org/technology/page/938

ASHRAE Life Expectancy Tablehttp://www.masterplan.uconn.edu/images/0323%20West%20Hartford%20Study.pdf

Collaboration for High Performance Schoolshttp://www.chps.net/dev/Drupal/node/40


Resources

Available for download from the KEEPS Toolkit Library• http://www.kppc.org/KEEPS

http://www.kppc.org/KEEPS

J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville

End of Presentation

(502) 852-0965

www.kppc.org/KEEPS

Kentucky Energy Efficiency Program for Schools

KEEPS is funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the combined efforts of the Kentucky Department for Energy Development and Independence, the U.S. Department of Energy and KPPC.

Date post:	11-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	ericka-norland
View:	214 times
Download:	0 times

J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville KEEPS Energy Management Toolkit Step 2:...

Documents