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JCOMMOPS JCOMMOPS & Argo, DBCP, SOT, OceanSITES& Argo, DBCP, SOT, OceanSITES
2nd GODAE Observing System Evaluation Workshop Toulouse, June 2009
Mathieu Belbeoch & Hester Viola
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Aims of JCOMMOPSAims of JCOMMOPS
The JCOMM In-situ Observing Platform Support Centre is a component of the international coordination mechanism, which aims on behalf of JCOMM to:
– assist as appropriate in the implementation of the GOOS– develop synergies between observing systems – assist in the planning, implementation and operations of the observing systems – monitor and evaluate the performance of the networks– encourage cooperation between communities and member states– encourage data sharing – assist in data distribution on the Internet and GTS– relay user feedback on data quality to platform operators– encourage harmonization of data and instrumentation related practices– provide technical assistance and user support worldwide– act as a clearing house and focal point on all program aspects
Assistance, Monitoring, Cooperation ...
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Technical CoordinationTechnical Coordination
• JCOMMOPS comprises two Technical Coordinators, a ½ time IT person, plus occasionally students on work experience.
• Office & Information System hosted by CLS, Toulouse• Funded through national voluntary contributions (via IOC/WMO)
• JCOMMOPS is involved with the implementation of different types of in situ observing systems including:
– Drifting and moored buoys in the high seas and tropical moorings (DBCP)– XBTs, TSGs, atmospheric soundings from ships, meteorological observations from
ships (SOT)– Profiling floats (Argo)– Deep ocean time-series reference stations (OceanSITES)
• Other programs are supported to a basic level … no resources to sustain this support (Ice tethered profilers, marine mammals, GLOSS)
Developments and reporting toolsDevelopments and reporting tools
• Interactive maps– Web Map Viewer
(GIS)– Google Earth– Google Maps– PDF Layers
RT status of the arrays, data distribution status,monitoring products, official platform database (metadata QCed by TCs), routine exports (text, XML), etc.
You need information on a platform, a statistic, a map, etc ... just ask JCOMMOPS.
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JCOMMOPS, Argo, DBCP ... & GODAE OSEJCOMMOPS, Argo, DBCP ... & GODAE OSE
• Feedback from data users on requirements (networks design, data issues, ...)– Argo Science Workshops– OceanObs’ 09– Presence at key meetings (next ADMT in Toulouse ...)– Products ?
• Routine feedback from operational centres on data quality: tools to be developed and maintained
– DBCP/SOT operational system– Argo being developed (e. g. Altimetry QC by CLS/Coriolis)– JCOMMOPS acts as a centralized relay tool: data users – data producers – Ideas ?
• JCOMMOPS can help to design, finalize and promote products
• Continuous demonstration of the value of the arrays– Specific impact studies
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JCOMMOPS ChallengesJCOMMOPS Challenges
• Clarify access to information and develop a web based toolbox that will be useful in future: “MyJCOMMOPS”
• Strengthen the infrastructure• Fund a new position to work on ships related information
• http://www.jcommops.org , [email protected]
• http://argo.jcommops.org• http://dbcp.jcommops.org • http://sot.jcommops.org• http://oceansites.jcommops.org
Argo InfrastructureArgo Infrastructure
Argo is internationally managed by the Argo Steering Team.2 co-chairs, National Argo programmes representatives, TC
• Argo Data Management team coordinates data issues
• Argo Data Management is a distributed system– National Data Centres (DACs) feed GTS of WMO and Internet GDACs– REAL TIME ( GTS, GDACs) with standard/automatic QC– DELAYED-MODE files replace RT files (GDACs, after 6-12 months)
• 2 Global Data Centres (USA, FR) - mirrored
• Regional Centres being developed
• Long term archival centre at US NODC
• Argo Information Centre/JCOMMOPS/Argo Project Office
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Argo Status: what has been achieved ?Argo Status: what has been achieved ?
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Argo has achieved the “3000 floats milestone” with global distribution and a comprehensive data management system
• Argo Core Mission (3200 floats between 60°N and 60°S, no marginal seas)is NOT YET ACHIEVED
• 600 floats are required in the southern hemisphere
Argo Status: network densityArgo Status: network density
9Float density (100%=4 floats): good floats onlyChallenge in South Indian, and South Atlantic
Argo Status: deployment plansArgo Status: deployment plans
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Argo groups are making substantial efforts to plan their deployments and optimize the array coverage taking into account network density /age.
Implementing an empty ocean ≠ maintaining a global array.
All deployments are registered on line from a draft state to the final confirmation/notification.
Argo is the most internationally collaborative programArgo is the most internationally collaborative program in the history of oceanography in the history of oceanography
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A dozen countries are sustaining the global network, another dozen takes care of regional gaps, and many other are supporting Argo.
Argo = logistical challengeArgo = logistical challenge
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Total 116 295 452 672 869 1008 933 747 848
Ship time is an issue:Sustained funding and cooperation critical
6344 units deployed !
Argo = Argo = 100 000+ profiles / year100 000+ profiles / year
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• #All Profiles 562230• #DM Profiles 289774
• 90% optimal quality (but not for all applications)• 90 % reach the GTS/GDACs within 24h
Argo: QC issuesArgo: QC issues
• Salinity Drift: bio-fooling and others reasonsDMQC (dedicated working group)Comparison with CTD data, and nearby float data
• Accuracy of temperature versus pressure– Applications of Argo data for climate change issues requires
highest quality possible (heat content, steric sea level change).– Years required to detect small biases (comparison with CTD)– Free data => educate users
• Recent problem on SBE CTD pressure: most of new deployments will be postponed …
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Argo: QC issuesArgo: QC issues
• DM QC time consuming activity (resources required): 67% achieved
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Argo is revolutionizing global oceanography ...Argo is revolutionizing global oceanography ...
16 ... and its impact will be greatest in the southern hemisphere where there are large climate signals and there is little historical data.
2000 -2008 August XBT profiles(> 300m, source: WOD)
1951-2000 August hydrographic T/S stations (> 1000m, source: WOD)
2004-2008 August Argo T,S profiles
Argo benefitsArgo benefits
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• Operational use: requirements for long term 14 Operational Centres using Argo data
• Research applications growing
• Training WorkshopsCapacity building initiatives on data use
• Argo has enormous potential valuein education applications.
• Google Ocean & Argo partnership
network status (gateway)products (T, S, anomalies)
stories by oceanographers climate change focus
• To be extended to other networks monitored by JCOMMOPS.
Argo Float Technology: float reliability improvingArgo Float Technology: float reliability improving
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• Still room for improvement: all floats do not reach yet the 4 years lifetime• This target will likely be reached and exceeded• This will help to fill gaps … without deploying more floats
45% of floats deployed in 2004 are still active at age 4+ years.
Deployment failure rate: 2.5 %
Argo Float Technology: Telecom. slowly improving Argo Float Technology: Telecom. slowly improving
19~8% of deployments with Iridium (2007, 2008) – Argos 3 pilot projects startedMore are anticipated in 2009 (Australia)
Argo Float Technology: Cycles rather homogeneousArgo Float Technology: Cycles rather homogeneous
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80% of the fleet is set up to drift at 1000 dbar as decided by the AST
70 % to profile at a depth > 1500 dbar
80 % to cycle on a 9-11 days basis
Argo Float Technology: new designs, new sensorsArgo Float Technology: new designs, new sensors
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• New generation floats are longer-lived, smaller, and more capable.
• Extended domains are being explored or considered: under ice, marginal seas, boundary currents, abyssal ocean.
• New sensors are being developed and tested (oxygen, bio-optical, surface layer, …)
• At present ~150 Argo floats carry dissolved oxygen sensors.
• First floats are providing SST (at no cost). This is likely to be extended to all floats.
Left to right: SOLO/SOLO-II w/Iridium, ARVOR, PROVOR w/optical sensor, APEX w/SBE oxygen sensor.
Argo ObjectivesArgo Objectives
Objectives for the Argo Program in the coming years related to array performance are:
• Achieve mean float lifetimes of 4 years or longer, needed to sustain the core Argo array with 800 floats deployed per year.
• Deploy more floats in the southern hemisphere to achieve the array’s design requirements.
• Extend instrument capabilities for profiling to 2000 m everywhere in the oceans.
• Sustain funding (Argo is 20% underfunded)
• What should be Argo‘s sampling plan for high latitudes or marginal seas ?
• Should Argo sample the deep ocean ?
• Should Argo be denser in all WBC regions ?
• ....
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87%
Total in situ networks February 200961%
59%
81%
62%73%34%48%
Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets
100%
100%
MilestonesDrifters 2005
Argo 2007
12501250
7575
3939
22402240
1515
6161
6969
2626
923923
55
5757
6969
2626
5757
6767
2424
5656
955955
7373
2727
15721572
99
5959
12351235
9494
4141
30553055
3737
6969
2020
8585
12501250
132132
5151
30003000
8787
3737
170170
7373
13001300
9696
4141
32833283
3838
2323
101101
13071307
8282
3939
25572557
5555
1717
7171
6767
2323
5151
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 GoalGoal
Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones
Tide GaugesReal-time StationsInitial GCOS Subset
Surface Drifting Buoys
Tropical Moored Buoys
Ships of Opportunity
Argo Floats
Reference Stations
Arctic System
Ocean Carbon Network
High resolution and frequentlyrepeated lines occupied
Number of floats
Number of moorings
Number of buoys
Repeat Sections Committed,One inventory per 10 years
Number of observatories, flux,and ocean transport stations
Ice buoys, drifting andMoored stations
807807 671671 779779 787787
2020 3131 544544
1515 1919 2525 2727 2828
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55554848 5959100100
60605656Total System 3030 3434 4040 4545
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 GoalGoal
System % CompleteIndex
3434 3535
323217172020202019191919
00 00
Progress Toward Global Coverage (representative milestones)
4444 4848 5353 6060 6666 77773030 3434 4040Initial TargetsInitial Targets
1616
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JCOMMOPS Status Map