By: IKRAM ULLAH AND

KHAYYAM BAIG

Childhood

Born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28,1712

His mother died shortly after childbirth

His father was a poor watchmaker and dance

master

When he was ten his father run away Geneva

He was then raised by his mothers sister

Rousseau was a major philosopher, writer and

composer, music of the eighteen century.

His political philosophy influenced the

French Revolution and the development of

modern politics and education thoughts.

In French Revolution he played great rule. He

provide influential radical argument and

more important extraordinary powerful

images and phrases, which were widely cited

during French Revolution.

He stopped traditional schooling at the age

of 12

Was apprenticed to several trades but had no

success

In 1728 he ran away from Geneva and joined

the Catholic church

Later became lover to a wealthy widow who

provided for his education in the classics and

music

Attempted teaching but did not like it

Was not recognized for his system of musical system

Was an insufficient secretary to the French ambassador in Venice

Finally moved back to Paris after his failed attempts

David Hume born on 7 may 1711 was a

Scottish

historian,philospher,economist,diplomat

e.In light of Hume’s central role in the

Scottish Enlightenment, and in the

history of western philosophy

While Hume failed in his attempts to

start a university career, he took part in

various diplomatic and military missions

of the time.

He wrote the history of England which

became a bestseller

Hume’s compatibilist theory of free

will proved extremely influential on

subsequent moral philosophy.

The social contract 1762 laid out Rousseau

ideas regarding how to establishment a

political community.

We want to create society.

He was an ideologist. Because his view of

optimism. He believes that Men kind was

essentially good by nature.

In Paris in 1745 he took a mistress, Therese

le Vasseur

They had five children

Jean took them all to the Foundling Hospital

to be raised as children

He later married Therese in 1768

Wrote an essay called “Discourse on the Arts

and Sciences” and won a literary prize from

the Academy of Dijon in 1749

This gave him literary fame and he returned

to Geneva in1754

He published several essays and had some

different mistresses in the next few years.

Wrote publish work discourse on origin of

inequality and social contrast.

In 1762 he published his most famous works,

“The Social Contract” and “Emile”

Due to the content of these books about

religion and his opinion that there should be

a democratic city-state in France he was

exiled by the government.

He did not like it so in 1770 he returned to

Paris

Rousseau wrote this novel to show his beliefs on

education.

It consists of five books and the different stages of

learning

Book 1: Infancy: Goodness of men, keep children

should be kept form forming bad habits

Book 2: “The age of Nature”: purpose of education,

school environment, self motivated learning,

discipline and physical education

Book 3: Pre-adolescence : Intellectual education,

geography, science, history and other subjects

are learned by desire to learn them

Book 4: Puberty: social attitudes, and natural

religion

Book 5: Adulthood: love, education of women

The basic philosophy of education that Rousseau

advocates in the Emile, much like his book

thought in the first two discourses, is rotted n

the nation that human being are good by nature.

The Emile is a large work, which is divided into

five books.

Rousseau’s claim that the goal of education

should be to cultivate our natural tendencies.

Rousseau claims that by our nature, each of us

has this natural feeling of love toward ourselves.

We naturally look after own protection and

interest.

The tutor must even manipulate the

environment in order to teach sometime

difficult moral lessons about humbleness,

chastity, and honesty.

Therefore goal of Emile’s natural education

is in large part to keep him from falling into

the corrupted form of this type of self-love.

Rousseau's philosophy of education,

therefore, is not geared simply at particular

techniques that best ensure for the society.

People are naturally good but they become

corrupted by the evils of society.

He believed in liberty, equality, and

community

Theory of nature he dislike the corruption in

society. He further says our educational

system are totally wrong. They also says no

justice in society.

Make the citizen good by training,

and everything else will

follow.” - Jean Jacques Rousseau

Man is born free, but is everywhere

in chain.

Believed that government should create laws

that benefit the majority of the people.

This limits government in that government

must help the majority.

This concept is democracy.

He say to the point that they cause the pain

and inequality that they do in the society. If

humans could have remained in this state,

they would have been happy for the most

part, primarily because the various task that

they engaged in could all be done by each

individual.

Rousseau says, all ran to meet their chains

thinking they secured their freedom, for

although they had enough reasoned to feel

the advantage of political establishment,

The discourse on the origin of inequality

remains one of Rousseau's most famous

works, and lays the foundation for much of

his political thought as it is expressed in the

Discourse on political economy and social

contract.

Ultimately, the work is based on the idea that

by nature, humans are essentially peaceful,

content, and equal.

It is socialization process that has produced

inequality, competition, and the egoistic

mentality.

People are essentially good but they become

corrupted by the evils of society.

He believed in liberty, equality, and

fraternity

“Make the citizen good by

training, and everything else will

follow.” - Jean Jacques

Rousseau

Back in Paris he published several more less

aggressive works and an performance.

Rousseau suffered from psychological

feelings of persecution and lived in a cottage

at Ermenonville for the last few months of

his life

Due to his mental and physical health

problems he died of a stroke on July 2, 1778

Immanuel Kant come after Rousseau. His

thought that moral law is based on

rationality, Kant influence on Rousseau’s

political thought.

His philosophy was largely instrumental in

the late eighteen century Romantic

Naturalism movement in Europe.

In Kant's ethics, one of the major themes is

the claim that moral actions are those that

can be universalized. Morality is something

separate from individual happiness.

thank you