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Jean Watsons Theory ofHuman Caring & Caring Science

Jean Watson PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAANBy Amanda Boone, RN & Gina Gilmore, RN

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Who is Jean Watson5NurseAuthorDeanProfessorFounder ScholarHolds multiple Doctorate degrees

History of Theory Development5Jean Watson is a nursing theorist who has evolved her work around theory, science, philosophy, research, and most importantly has centered her focus on a theory about caring. Watsons theory is focused on holistic human. Watsons theory was deeply influenced by personal issues; the death of her husband by suicide and the tragic loss of her eye in a golfing incident.

History of Theory Development5The Theory of Human Caring was developed in 1979 with the focus on bringing meaning and focus to nursing as a distinct health profession.Watsons belief is that the focus should be on connecting with the patients inner self by the use of healing, caring, spirituality, science, and philosophy instead of the focus being on illness and disease.

History Of Theory Development5As Watson formulated her theory, she found inspiration in Florence Nightingales focus on caring.

Florence Nightingale states, It is thesurgeon who saves a persons life .it is the nurse who helps this person live.

Human Caring Modelhttp://www.kaweahdelta.org/Resources/14773/FileRepository/Watsons%20Theory%20of%20Human%20Caring.jpg

Components of this Theory9A Caring Science defined (Watson 2008: 311)OntologicalHumanitarianPhilosophicalEthicalPhenomenalMetaphysicalExpressive

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Definition: Ontology

The philosophical study of the nature of4,5

BeingBecomingExistence

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Definition: Humanitarianism3In its most simple form a person who is devoted to the support of humanExhibiting sympathy for humans universally KindnessBenevolenceEmpatheticWellbeing

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Definition: Epistemology6

The Theory of Knowledge.What is the nature of knowledge?How do we acquire knowledge? How do we determine truth or deception?Rationalism or empiricism? Is this a internal or external process?

Core Concepts of a Caring Science9 (Watson 2008, p263)Transpersonal CaringConnections- individual, community, planetObjective- empiricalSubjective- interpretiveEpistemologicalClinical inquiry

Caring Practices: Nursing's Role in Transpersonal Relationships2Being presentLoving - kindnessEquanimityMind-body-spirit

OpennessCommitmentRespectHonor

Caring: Nursing's Role in Transpersonal Relationships1,5Transpersonal caring calls for an authenticity of being and becoming, an ability to be present to self and other in a reflective frame; the transpersonal nurse has the ability to center consciousness and intentionality on caring, healing, and wholeness, rather than on disease, illness and pathology.(WATSON CARING SCIENCE INSTITUTE & INTERNATIONAL CARITAS CONSORTIUM. (2013).

Caring: Nursings Role Transpersonal Relationships5ConnectednessSpiritualityInner selfTreating person rather than illnessTherapeutic relationshipHealingCaring Healing

Caring Encounters1,2,5Lead to harmonyBalanceReflectionHealingUnderstandingMaking a differenceImproved outcomes

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Nursing Knowledge9 Science ArtAestheticEthicalIntuitivePersonalCulturalSpiritual

Understanding Humanism Allows2,3,9Understanding the patients realityLife experiencesMeaningContextGenuine relationshipsTrustSupportDignity

Application of Knowledge2,5,7,9Caritas Conscious Practice

Process/ frame of referenceCompetencies - outcomes1Altruistic systemAvailable2Authentic presenceSupport3Awareness of self and patientCentered relationship4TrustUnconditional non-judgmental relationship5Promoting expressionReflection and awareness6Scientific problem-solvingFramework7Engaged teachingEmpowered learning8Healing environmentWholeness and healing9Basic needsAnticipated, respected, met10Discovery Acceptance and openness

Relevance of TheoryDr. Watson provides a frame work that encourages an altruistic system that is nonjudgmental and supportive. Through her system a relationship develops that allows the nurse and patient to explore feelings, problem solve and consider the future. This is an application of loving-kindness that honors each of us as human beings.

ConclusionA Caring Science provides the nurse a way to preserve human dignity by assisting patients in finding meaning in order to restore balance and harmony2.Watsons Vision for the future of nursing8.Article on transforming professional practice Living Legend

Caritas Meditation9

Caritas Meditation Audio (about 7 minutes)Bibliography1. Caring Science (Definitions, Processes, Theory) (2013). [URL]. Retrieved from http://watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/caring-science-definitions-processes-theory/2. Chantal, C. (2003). Continuing education: A pragmatic view of jean watson's caring theory. International Journal for Human Caring. 7(3). 51-61. Retrieved from http://watsoncaringscience.org/files/PDF/Pragmatic_View.pdf3. Humanitarian. (2013). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/humanitarian 4. Ontology. (2013).Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/ontology 5. Overview of Jean Watson's Theory. (2013). Retrieved from http://innovativecaremodels.com/uploads/File/caring%20model/Overview%20JW%20Theory.pdf6. Steup, M. (Winter 2013 Edition). Epistemology, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [URL]. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2013/entries/epistemology/ 7. Watson, J, (2002). Nursing: Seeking its source and survival. ICUs and Nursing Web Journal. 9: 1-7. Retrieved from http://watsoncaringscience.org/files/PDF/WatsonICU02.pdf8. Watson, J, (2003). The attending nurse caring model: integrating theory, evidence and advanced caring healing therapeutics for transforming professional practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 12: 360-365. Retrieved from http://watsoncaringscience.org/files/PDF/FosterWatson.pdf9. Watson, J, (2008 revised edition). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring. Boulder Colorado: University Press of Colorado