Jefferson FarewellEnter James Madison

Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd termMadison was Jefferson’s Secretary of StateMadison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51)Considered the most important contributor to the ConstitutionAlso the shortest President

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized.

Britain required licenses for ships bound for EuropeFrance confiscated cargo from licensed ships

Impressment of American sailors Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews.British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

Economic Diplomacy Fails

Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe

Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries

Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?

Non-Intercourse ActForbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictionsWas this successful? Why or Why not

War HawksSouthern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the eastWhy did the War Hawks want war?

What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?

To allow reopening of trade

National Pride

To stop the impressment of sailors

CANADA!!!

What were some drawbacks to going to war?

Not everyone in the US wanted to go to warMilitary was small

Standing Army was smallMilitia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state bordersNavy was quite small only 22 ships

Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase

Declaration of War

June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war

Vote was split along regional lines

War started with Invasion of Canada

Since American Revolution land hungry white settlers flow into mid North west (present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan)

Indian land becoming cluttered with white man’s cabins, crops & towns

Following defeat at Fallen Timbers, Indians become humiliated & hopeless

Many turn to alcohol. White man diseases decimating Indian populations.

Indian people and culture in danger of extinction

Tension flaring between white settlers and Indians

Horrors of pillage, scalping, torture..these were a reality on frontier

The times called for a new leader.

Indians Fight Back

One of greatest Indian leaders of all timeNo pictures were made of him during lifetimeNo accounts in his own word was left behindVisionary, revered, inspiring leaderIndian way of life would continue at any costIndians east of Mississippi will hold onto land Mission to form alliance of ALL Indians-a Native Confederacy from Great Lakes-Mexico

TecumsehShawnee Indian

Joins forces with British

He is key factor in Brit’s defense of Canada

He joined British to protect Native Americans’ interests, not to aid British war efforts

Killed in 1813 at Battle of Moraviantown

Burial place is a mystery.

Believed only Shawnee descendents know location, guarded from outsiders

…Tecumseh

Key Battles

US Burns York (now Toronto)US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen

Perry Defeated the British on Lake ErieThis gave the US control of Lake Erie

Britain Blockades the Eastern SeaboardThis prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast

first First LadyChanged face of presidencyCharming yet will of fireSaw being First Lady as full time jobVery public, graceful and feminine

Saves GW portrait from the burningOf the White House

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/dolley/player/

Dolley Madison

The Roof is on Fire…In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.They burn the White House and the CapitolMadison and Congress Barely escape

Fort McHenry- Baltimore, MarylandStar-shaped fort built after Amer. Rev to defend Baltimore port from future attacks

O say can you see…

British believe Baltimore to be vital port cityUnlike D.C., Baltimore was ready for the BritishBritish war ships continuously bombarded the fort for 25 hoursBritish had lots of ammo and power but they were not very accurateBritish fired rockets and mortars on the fortBritish cease attack on the morning of Sept 141000 Americans defended vs. 4,500 British

The Battle….

Francis Scott KeyLawyerKey was on ship waiting to meet with British to negotiate the release of a prisonerAfter the battle, in the morning the tattered flag was still waving. He was inspired & wrote the poem now known as the Star-spangled banner.

Poem was originally titled Defense of Fort McHenry

Flag still hangs in Smithsonian (Amer. History Museum)

It was accepted as such by public demand for the next century or so, but became even more accepted as the national anthem during the World Series of Baseball in 1917 when it was sung in honor of the brave armed forces fighting in the Great War. The World Series performance moved everyone in attendance, and after that it was repeated for every game. Finally, on March 3, 1931, the American Congress proclaimed it as the national anthem, 116 years after it was first written.

…flag was still there.

Treaty of Ghent….Peace

Ghent is in BelgiumTreaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

Battle of New OrleansFought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)Why was New Orleans important?Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troopsMade Andrew Jackson a National hero and household nameEnsured treaty ratification

If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?

Gave the United States a National IdentityWe were able to hold our own against the British

Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion

Ended bad feelings toward the British

Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen

Hartford ConventionNew England considers secession

Gathering of New England Federalists to discuss states’ rights

War of 1812 was very unpopular w/ commercial New England

Propose Constitutional Amendments against the South & West

 The Convention asked for the federal government to supply financial aid to help New England's trade economy, and for a new Constitutional amendment which required a two-thirds majority, rather than a simple 51% majority, in order for embargoes to be imposed or war to be declared.

By the time they arrive in DC to make their recommendations the war was over.

both Hartford Convention and Federalist Party became synonymous with disunion, secession, and treason, especially in the South.

The party was ruined, and survived only in a few localities for several more years before vanishing entirely.

Activity

Rewrite /paraphrase the Star Spangled Banner in your own words (4 verses)

Create a poster for “flag etiquette”

Illustrate the Star-Spangled Banner

Create product displaying both sides of controversial issue of “flag burning”