Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 28

1. Lesson 28 Vocabulary2. Interrogatives

3. The Interrogative Pronoun Quis, Quid4. Interrogative Adjective Quī, Quae, Quod

Lesson 28 Vocabulary

āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissus

to lose

(< ā + mittō, mittere)

cibus, cibī, m.

food

committō, committere, commīsī, commissus

to entrust

(< cum (con-) + mittō, mittere)

expellō, expellere, expulsī, expulsus

to drive out, drive away

modus, modī, m.

measure, degree; manner, way

mūrus, mūrī, m.

wall

nihil, n. (defective)

nothing

A noun is called “defective” if its inflection is incomplete. Nihilhas no plural forms and no gen., dat., or abl. sg.

proelium committere (idiom)

to join battle, begin a battle

quem ad modum?

to what degree?; how?

quō modō?

by what way?; in what manner?; how?

reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus

to give back, restore

(< re- + dō, dare, dedī, datus)

vīnum, vīnī, n.

wine

Interrogatives

Basics and Functions

Interrogatives

• interrogative words are words used to ask questions, both direct and indirect– Direct Questions:

• Where did you go?• To whom are you talking?• With what pen are you writing?

– Indirect Questions:• I asked you where you went.• I was wondering to whom you are talking.• You told me with what pen you are writing.

Interrogatives

• there are various types of interrogative words

• we have seen interrogative adverbs already, e.g.:

– ubi: where? [N.B. this only means ‘when’ if used as a relative]

– cūr: why?

• there is also the interrogative pronoun:

– quis, quid: who?, what?

• there is also the interrogative adjective:

– quī, quae, quod: which?, what?

Interrogative Pronoun:Quis, Quid

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat. cui cui

Acc.

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat. cui cui

Acc. quem quid

Abl.

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

SingularMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. quis quid

Gen. cuius cuius

Dat. cui cui

Acc. quem quid

Abl. quō quō

• In the singular, there are only two forms of the interrogative pronoun. • One is used for Masc./Fem., and the other for Neut.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat.

Acc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc.

Abl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl.

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl. quibus quibus quibus

• In the PLURAL, there are three forms of the interrogative pronoun, one for each gender. • The forms are the same as the PL of the relative pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc.

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc. whom? what?

Abl.

Interrogative Pronoun – Translations

Singular & PluralMasc. & Fem. Neut.

Nom. who? what?

Gen. whose? / of whom? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc. whom? what?

Abl. bwf whom? bwioaf what?

Interrogatives vs. Relatives

• interrogatives are ONLY used to ask questions

• look for a question mark at the end of the sentence

• interrogatives will introduce the sentence, not be in the middle

– exception: when interrogatives are introducing indirect questions, they won’t come first in the sentence

Interrogative Pronoun Examples

• Quis ad urbem tēcum ambulābat?

• Quibus imperātor victoriam nūntiābit?

• Quae in sellīs sedērunt?

• Quid facis?

• Quae crās faciēmus?

Interrogative Adjective:Quī, Quae, Quod

Interrogative Adjective

• if a form of quī, quae, quod is modifying a noun and introducing a question, it is the interrogative adjective

– if it is introducing a question, but not modifying a noun, it’s an interrogative pronoun

• the forms of the interrog. adj. quī, quae, quod, meaning “which?,” “what?” are the same as the forms of quī, quae, quod, with no exceptions

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat. cui cui cuiAcc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat. cui cui cuiAcc. quem quam quodAbl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

SingularMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quodGen. cuius cuius cuiusDat. cui cui cuiAcc. quem quam quodAbl. quō quā quō

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat.

Acc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc.

Abl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl.

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Forms

PluralMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. quī quae quaeGen. quōrum quārum quōrumDat. quibus quibus quibusAcc. quōs quās quaeAbl. quibus quibus quibus

• The forms are the same as the relative pronoun for SG and PL!

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat. to/for which/what ____?Acc.

Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat. to/for which/what ____?Acc. which/what ____?Abl.

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations

Interrogative Adjective – Translations

SG & PLMasc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. which/what ____?Gen. of which/what ____?Dat. to/for which/what ____?Acc. which/what ____?Abl. bwioaf which/what ____?

• Use “which?” or “what?” with your case translations• There are no gender- or number-specific restrictions on the translations