JEOPARDY #4 Ch. 12-15

JEOPARDY #4Ch. 12-15

POT LUCK Won’t

Budge-it!

A Taxing Effort

More Budgetary Concerns

Acting with Resolve!

Number Nuisance

100 100 100 100 100 100

200 200 200 200 200 200

300 300 300 300 300 300

400 400 400 400 400 400

500 500 500 500 500 500

POT LUCK - 100

Term for the practice of providing a spending cut or tax increase in order to fund any

additional programs

POT LUCK - 100

What is “PAYGO” or “pay-as-you-go”?

POT LUCK - 200

Pollock v. Farmer’s Loan and Trust Company (1895)

POT LUCK - 200

What is the Supreme Court decision which declared

income tax unconstitutional?

POT LUCK - 300

Oft proposed in response to the gargantuan deficits of the 1980s and early 1990s, it

would require a congressional SUPERMAJORITY to

authorize deficit spending

POT LUCK - 300

What is the balanced budget amendment?

POT LUCK - 400

As a result of this, beginning in 1985, the government no

longer received a larger share of income when inflation

pushed incomes into higher brackets while the tax rates

stayed the same

POT LUCK - 400

What is INDEXING (taxes were indexed to the cost of living)?

POT LUCK - 500

It’s Congress’s eyes and ears – it audits, monitors, and

evaluates what agencies are doing with their budgets

POT LUCK - 500

What is the GAO (General Accounting Office)

Won’t Budge-It! - 100

1. One is the amount by which spending exceeds revenues

in a single year

2. The other is the total owed by the nation


What are the federal DEFICIT and the national DEBT?


It’s the executive agency responsible for preparing the president’s budget proposal


What is the OMB – Office of Management and Budget?


Term which best describes the fact that the best indicator of

this year’s budget is last year’s budget plus a little more


What is INCREMENTALISM?


It’s how the federal government borrows money from citizens


What are BONDS?


The first are uncontrollable expenditures -- spending

programs based on formulas, and the second are programs with controllable expenditures


What are

1. ENTITLEMENTS (or NONDISCRETIONARY

spending) and

2. DISCRETIONARY spending?

A Taxing Effort - 100

It’s the source of most federal income


What is personal income tax?


It’s where all taxing and spending measures must

begin


What is the House of Representatives?


1. The one taxes those with more income at a higher rate

2. while the other requires those with less to pay a bigger percentage of their income in

taxes


What are

1. Progressive taxes &

2. Regressive taxes?


Often hailed as the “fair” tax because it taxes everyone at the same rate, it is actually

regressive because it takes a greater percentage of total

consumption from lower income people


What is a “flat” tax?


Contrary to popular belief, it is not tax loopholes, but these “revenue losses

attributable to provisions of the federal tax laws which allow special exemption,

exclusion, or deduction” which cost the federal government a substantial sum –

the difference between what the government actually collects and what it

would have collected without special exemptions


What are TAX EXPENDITURES?

More Budgetary Concerns - 100

The rise of the national security state and the rise of the social

service state


What are the two conditions most closely associated with

government growth in America?


Established by the Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, it checks the OMB’s

facts and figures


What is the CBO – Congressional Budget Office?


It’s the bill which draws the bottom line on the budget; it’s the means by which Congress

sets limits on expenditures based on revenue projections


What is a BUDGET RESOLUTION?


It’s the congressional process through which program

authorizations are revised to achieve required savings; it usually also includes tax or other revenue adjustments


What is budget RECONCILIATION?


1. The one is how Congress establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary program or an entitlement – specifying

program goals and maximum expenditures for discretionary programs;

2. The other is an act of Congress that actually funds programs established by the

limits set above; it usually covers one year.


What are

1. Authorization Bills &

2. Appropriations?

Acting with Resolve! - 100

Interim measure which Congress passes to fund the government when it fails to

meet its own budgetary timetable


What is a CONTINUING RESOLUTION?


1. Domestic Spending

2. Defense Spending

3. International Spending


What are 3 key categories of DISCRETIONARY

SPENDING?


The two Congressional committees that write the tax codes, subject to approval by

Congress as a whole


What are the House Ways and Means Committee & the

Senate Finance Committee


The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act

(Gramm-Rudman-Hollings) was an attempt at fiscal responsibility

which mandated maximum allowable deficit levels and

directed the president to order these if Congress failed to meet

deficit goals


What are automatic across-the-board spending cuts called

SEQUESTRATIONS?


Prior to this, presidents played a very limited role or none at all in proposing the budget. The

various agencies of the executive branch basically lobbied Congress with their

own budget requests.


What is the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921?

Number Nuisance - 100

In 1913, this amendment authorized Congress to levy taxes on personal income


What is the 16th Amendment?


Portion of the federal budget which is nondiscretionary


What is 2/3?


Year Congress passed the Social Security Act, intended to provide a minimal level of

sustenance to older Americans, thus saving them

from poverty


What is 1935?


Disability insurance became a part of Social Security in the

1950s. Medicare added hospitalization insurance for

the elderly in this year.


What is 1965?


These committees and their subcommittees in each house and decide HOW MUCH TO SPEND; they hold hearings on specific agency requests


What are the HOUSE and SENATE APPROPRIATIONS

COMMITEES?

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JEOPARDY #4 Ch. 12-15

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